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DLC Lab Experiment 09 Group 07

The document summarizes an experiment to design and implement an astable multivibrator using a 555 timer integrated circuit. It describes the 555 timer pin configuration and how an astable multivibrator works to generate a continuous stream of pulses without an external trigger. The circuit was built in the lab and simulated in Multisim to produce rectangular waves. Calculations were made of the pulse times, frequency, and duty cycle, showing close agreement with experimental measurements. The summary concludes that 555 timer astable multivibrators are simple, stable, low power circuits useful for generating precise time delays.

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31 views

DLC Lab Experiment 09 Group 07

The document summarizes an experiment to design and implement an astable multivibrator using a 555 timer integrated circuit. It describes the 555 timer pin configuration and how an astable multivibrator works to generate a continuous stream of pulses without an external trigger. The circuit was built in the lab and simulated in Multisim to produce rectangular waves. Calculations were made of the pulse times, frequency, and duty cycle, showing close agreement with experimental measurements. The summary concludes that 555 timer astable multivibrators are simple, stable, low power circuits useful for generating precise time delays.

Uploaded by

rk refat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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American International University-Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering


EEE3102: Digital Logic & Circuits Laboratory

Laboratory Report
Semester: Fall 2022-2023

Experiment No: 09
Experiment Title: Design and Implementation of Astable Multivibrator using 555
Timer .
Course Title: DIGITAL LOGIC AND CIRCUITS LAB [X]
Course Teacher: NIRJHOR TAHMIDUR ROUF

Date of Experiment: 29.11.2022 Date of Report Submission: 05.12.2022

Group Members

ID Name

1. 20-43671-2 Shinzon Siddiqua

2. 20-43679-2 Ridita Zaman Adikta

3. 20-43866-2 Sadman Sanid Tanim

4. 20-44301-3 Suail Arefin

5. 21-44747-1 Md.Ismail Jobi Ullah

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Introduction:
The name of the timer comes from the three 5 kΩ resistors which are embedded in it [1]. This IC
gives precise time at the output which is must in the time related circuits. One of its basic
operations is to produce clock pulses with predefined frequency as an astable mutivibrator.
Another operation is to work like a stopwatch which is done in monostable mode. We will see
these two operations in this experiment. The following figure is the layout of the 555 Timer IC as
which allows us to focus on the functions of the circuit.

Figure 1: Pin configuration of the 555 timer IC.


Theory and Methodology:
Astable Multivibrator:
It is also called free running sinusoidal oscillator. An astable multivibrator is simply and
oscillator. The astable multivibrator generates a continuous stream of rectangular off-on pulses
that switch between two voltage levels. The frequency of the pulses and their duty cycle are
dependent upon the RC network values.

Figure 2: 555 timers connected as an astable multivibrator

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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The time that the output is high, TL is how long it takes C to discharge from 1/3 of Vcc to 2/3 of
Vcc. It is expressed as
TH = 0.7(RA + RB) C

The time that the output is low, TH is how long it takes C to charge from 2/3 of Vcc to 1/3 of Vcc. It is
expressed as

TL =0.7RBC

The time period, T = TH + TL


Frequency of Oscillation, f = 1/T
Duty cycle, D = TH/ T x 100%.

Lab Implementation :

Fig: Circuit diagram for Astable Multivibrator.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Fig: Output in oscilloscope for Astable Multivibrator.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Simulation :

Fig: Circuit diagram and Transient analysis for Astable Multivibrator.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Calculation :
High Time :
TH = 0.7(RA + RB) C
= 0.7 (1× 103 + 15 × 103) × 47 × 10−6

=0.526 s

Low Time :
TL =0.7RBC
= 0.7 (15 × 103) × 47 × 10−6

=0.494 s

The time period


T=TH+TL
=0.526 + 0.494
= 1.02 s

Frequency of Oscillation
f = 1/T 1
= 1.02

=0.980 Hz

Duty cycle,
D = TH/ T x 100%.
0 .526
= 1 .02 × 100%

=51.57 %

Calculation for Experiment :


Here ,
High Time, TH = 520 ms
Time period, T = 1.02 s
Frequency ,f = 981.1 mHz

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Low Time :
T=TH+TL
TL = 1.02 -520× 10−3

= 0.5 s

Duty cycle,
D = TH/ T x 100%.
= 520×10−3 × 100% 1.02

=50.980 %

Data Table:

Calculated Value Experiment Value

High Time, TH 0.526 s High Time, TH 520 ms

Low Time, TL 0.494 s Low Time, TL 0.5 s

Time period, T 1.02 s Time period, T 1.02 s

Frequency ,f 0.980 Hz Frequency ,f 981.1 mHz

Duty cycle , D 51.57 % Duty cycle , D 50.980 %

Error Calculation :

% Of Error =
− × 100%

= 51.57 − 50.98
× 100%
51.57

= 1.14 %

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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Discussion & Conclusion:
Astable multivibrator using 555 timers were designed and implemented. Multisim results were
obtained through the designed system continuously producing rectangular waveforms without
external triggering. Astable multivibrator circuits are very simple, easy to design, and require
few components. As the 555 timer is used, the system has low power consumption.
Furthermore, using a 555 timer makes the system very stable, easy to use and requires low
cost. In addition, another important boon is that the system can be used for timing from
microseconds to hours. Generating time delays from microseconds to ours is helpful in many
applications.
Reference(s):

1. Boylestad, Robert L., and Louis Nashelsky. Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory, 2006,
Pearson Prentice Hall.
th
2. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 9 Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


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