WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (CENG 3103)

CHAPTER-2

BUILDING DRAWINGS

OCTOBER 2018
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

CONTENTS
20
 Introduction
 Drawing for building construction
 Working drawings

 Hatching, symbols and notations

 Construction drawings are prepared so that designers

can
communicate their requirements to the contractor in a clear, co
ncise
and unambiguous manner.
 They are also used:
 to prepare bill of quantities
 as part of contract document
 Building construction drawings:
 Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated
 Clarity is most important
 Written descriptions should be as brief as possible
 Should be Consistent with completeness
 Should be well dimensioned and should be drawn to scale
 The lettering used should be clear

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 Construction drawings can be prepared:
 By hand assisted by various templates or
 Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)

 The use of computer programs in building drawing:

 Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly, prec
isely,
and efficiently
 Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
 Enables printing to required sizes and color
 It can easily be communicated via networks and e-
mails and
integrated with other programs
 Enables to reduce contract time and eases communication be
tween
parties in construction.
 Minimizes the need for storage space
 4

Drawing Equipment
 In order to produce construction drawings manually, items
like
drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pencil, ruler, ink, e
raser,
various time saving devices such as templates, protractor, t-
square,
setsquares, etc. are required.
 French curves T-square
Drawing board Set squares
Format A Series B Series C Series
0 841 x 1189 1000 x 1414 917 x 1297
5
1 594 x 841 707 x 1000 648 x 917
2 420 x 594
3 297 x 420
4 210 x 297
5 148 x 210 Standard size of dra
6 105 x 148 wing papers
7 74 x 105  Generally it is adv

8 52 x 74
 isable to use international standard-size papers in

drawings to facilitate filling of drawings.

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 Drawing for building construction shall include:
 Site plan
 Sketch drawings
 Working drawings
 Detailed drawings
 Construction drawings and
 Installation drawings

SITE PLAN
 A site is a parcel of land which is made up of one, two or
more
plots.
 A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms of
their
owners, locations, elevations, states of development and fea
tures
such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.

Components of a site plan

Survey beacons: these are concrete pillars located at principal co
rners
of the site and at every change in the direction of boundaries.
They
define the boundary and area of the site.
Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the s
ite in
relation to a standard reference point known as the bench mark (
BM).
 Locations which have equal elevations are joined together
using
contour lines.
 These lines help to define the topography of the land wi
thin a
site.
Site orientation: these refers to a system of defining the site in t
erms
of its direction to the north, south, east and west.
 Orientation is important in planning the building area to
make
into consideration such factors as the direction of rain, win
d and
sun within the site.
8
Components of a site plan (cont…)
Physical features: these are permanent objects or feat
ures
existing with in the site or adjoining sites which are use
d for
referencing or identification of the site.
 Ex. Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.
Utilities:
 A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for water, elec
tricity
and gas.
 The scales used in drawing a site plan are:
 For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1;200
 For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500

SITE PLAN (cont…)

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SITE PLAN (cont…)

 Site plan
11

Sketch drawings
 Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showin
g the
general arrangements of buildings.
 They are often drawn free hand in pencils.

 They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or

more
elevations and a cross-section of the building.

12
Detailed drawings
 They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending o
n the
complexity of the building.
 They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.

 They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gut

ter to
down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, meta
l and
wood joineries, etc.
 13

Detailed drawings (cont...)

 14

Construction drawings
 They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for constru
ction
in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.
 They provide important information for the resident enginee
r and
foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.
Installation drawings
 Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and dra
inage
pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.
 For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

15
 16

First floor sanitary in

stallation
 17

Working drawings
 They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions giv
en to
avoid the need for taking measurements from scale.
 They comprise of all plans and elevations as well as an ade
quate
number of cross-sections.
 The materials to be used for the various parts of the building s
hould
 be indicated in different symbols.
 They are the most important components of building drawings
since
they provide detail information on the internal as well a
s the
external view of a building.
 They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.

18

Floor plan drawings

 The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions
of a
building that would be seen when the building was cut horizo
ntally
about 1.2m above the floor level.
 It provides more specific information about the design o
f the
building than any other plan.
 It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.

 The major steps in floor plan drawings preparation are:

 Laying center line of walls,
 Marking window and door openings,
 Marking wall thickness,
 Locating furniture positions,
 Indicating material type,
 Adding measurements and other details.
 19

Floor plan drawings (cont…)

 20

Floor plan drawings (cont…)

 21

Elevation drawings
 Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior
of a
building.
 They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions
, and
 final appearance of the exterior of a building.
 Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan o
f an
architectural drawing.
 The major steps in projecting elevations are:
 Projecting vertical lines
 Projecting horizontal lines
 Locating roof lines
 Adding elevation symbols
 Providing elevation dimensions
 Description of material used and finishing type

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Elevation drawings (cont…)
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24
25
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Sectional drawings
 Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.

 Architectural section drawings are prepared

  For the entire structure (full sections) or
 For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
 The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes throug
h the
building and divides it into sections.
 Longitudinal section
 Transverse section
 Offset section
 Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as foo
tings,
window sill, cornice, gutter line and ridge sections.

27
Sectional drawings (cont…)
28
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Hatchings
 The main objective is to differentiate between the materials bei
ng
used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
 They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
 In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.
 30

Symbols
 These are graphical representations and should wherever possib
le be
drawn to scale
 They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clear
ly
drawn.

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THANK YO
U!
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