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T07-Knowledge Application Systems

This document discusses different types of knowledge application systems, including rule-based expert systems, case-based reasoning, constraint-based reasoning, model-based reasoning, and diagrammatic reasoning. It provides details on how rule-based systems and case-based reasoning work, including the processes involved in building rule-based systems and using case-based reasoning. The document also notes some limitations and challenges of developing knowledge application systems.

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Samar sarahna
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18 views

T07-Knowledge Application Systems

This document discusses different types of knowledge application systems, including rule-based expert systems, case-based reasoning, constraint-based reasoning, model-based reasoning, and diagrammatic reasoning. It provides details on how rule-based systems and case-based reasoning work, including the processes involved in building rule-based systems and using case-based reasoning. The document also notes some limitations and challenges of developing knowledge application systems.

Uploaded by

Samar sarahna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technologies for

knowledge application
systems
Technologies for knowledge
application systems

• Rule-based expert systems


• Case-based reasoning (CBR)
• Constraint-based reasoning
• Model-based reasoning
• Diagrammatic reasoning

2
Rule-Based Systems

• Based on the use of rules or models to represent


the domain knowledge.
• The development of such systems requires the
collaboration of :
w A subject matter expert
w A knowledge engineer who is responsible for the
elicitation and representation of the expert’s
knowledge.

3
Building Rule-Based systems

1. Interviewing in detail the domain expert -Elicitation.


2. Representing the knowledge more commonly in
a set of heuristics, or rules-of-thumb-Representation
• Representing knowledge:
w Production rules or IF-THEN statements.
w Frames, Predicates, Associative networks, and
Objects.
• Experts develop these rules-of-thumb over
years of practical experience at solving
problems.
4
5
Example- Frame based
Systems

6
Disadvantages of Rule-Based
systems

1. Difficulty in coding, verifying, validating, and


maintaining the rules
2. Reduction in the efficiency of the inference
engine executing the rules.

7
Case-based reasoning (CBR)

• Artificial intelligence technique designed to


mimic human problem solving.
• CBR is a method of analogical reasoning that
utilizes old cases or experiences in an effort to
cope with new situations.

8
CBR- Processes

1. Search the case library for similar cases.


2. Select and retrieve the most similar case(s).
3. Adapt the solution for the most similar case.
4. Apply the generated solution and obtain
feedback..
5. Add the newly solved problem to the case
library.

9
10
Constraint-based Systems

• Constraint-based reasoning:
§ problem solving technique that, when given a set of
variables and constraints on these variables, can find a set
of values that satisfy all the constraints.
• Constraint Satisfaction:
§ Constraint systems reflect what constraints restrict possible
solutions.
• This technique is useful in naturally
constrained tasks such as planning and
scheduling.

11
Model-Based Reasoning-MBR

• knowledge about the internal workings of a target


system can be used to recognize and diagnose its
abnormal operation
• incorporates generic troubleshooting procedures
common to diagnosing many types of systems
• can help diagnose faults not previously
experienced

12
Diagrammatic Reasoning

• Understanding of concepts and ideas through


the use of diagrams and imagery, versus
linguistic or algebraic representations

13
Summary of Technologies

14
Developing Knowledge
Application Systems

• Knowledge application systems enabled the


implementation of decision support systems
w to support design tasks in diverse domains such as
architecture, engineering, and lesson planning.
w case-based design aids (CBDA’s) help human
designers by making available a broad range of
commentated designs.
w Case libraries accumulate organizational
experiences, considered corporate memory.

15
Types of Knowledge
Application Systems

• Advisor systems,
• Fault diagnosis or troubleshooting systems,
• Expert systems
• Help desk systems
• Decision-support systems in general.

16
Limitations of knowledge
application systems

• Typically developed to serve a task-specific domain


problem, and not integrated with the organization’s
enterprise systems.
• Security: cases may include sensitive information.
• Scalability: must represent a large enough number of cases
• Speed: as the size of the case library grows to a more
comprehensive representation of real environments,
computing and searching costs will also increase.
• May not be able to solve all the problems that come across,
in particular, increasingly complex environments

17
End

Knowledge Application Systems:


Systems that Utilize Knowledge

18

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