Scribd
Upload
12 views

05 Structure of Atom CN (07-06-22) - Min

The document summarizes key aspects of Niels Bohr's atomic model: 1) Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, quantized energy levels corresponding to integral multiples of Planck's constant. 2) Electrons can absorb or emit discrete energy packets when changing orbits. 3) Bohr's model explains the hydrogen spectrum and is used to calculate atomic radii through Rydberg's formula.

Uploaded by

nandukr.8083
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

05 Structure of Atom CN (07-06-22) - Min

The document summarizes key aspects of Niels Bohr's atomic model: 1) Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, quantized energy levels corresponding to integral multiples of Planck's constant. 2) Electrons can absorb or emit discrete energy packets when changing orbits. 3) Bohr's model explains the hydrogen spectrum and is used to calculate atomic radii through Rydberg's formula.

Uploaded by

nandukr.8083
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

www.biomentors.

online

CHEMISTRY CLASS NOTES


TOPIC: Structure of Atom Lecture No.: 05

Niels Bohr atomic model:-

• The electron in the hydrogen atom revolves around the nucleus in a circular path of fixed radius and

om
energy. It is known as orbit.
• Electron revolves only in those orbits where the angular momentum of the electron is integral
ℎ
multiple of 𝑛 × 2𝜋

l.c
The formula for calculation of angular momentum
ℎ
𝑚. 𝑣. 𝑟 = 𝑛 ×

ai
2𝜋
ℎ ℎ
o 1st orbit = 1 × =

gm
2𝜋 2𝜋
ℎ ℎ
o 2nd orbit = 2 × =
2𝜋 𝜋
ℎ ℎ
o 3rd orbit = 3 × = 1.5 ×
2𝜋 𝜋
@
• The energy of electrons in the orbit does not change with time. It means in a particular orbit the
energy of the electron is constant in a particular orbit. It not gain or lose energy:
it

• When an electron moves from a lower stationary state to a higher stationary state, then it absorbs
9

the required amount of energy.


u.

• When an electron jumps back from a higher energy level to a lower energy level it emits the same
amount of energy.
sh

• The energy change does not take place continuously. It is in form of small packets of energy called
‘Quanta’.
i.a

“Energy particle of light is called photon”

Application (importance) of Bohr’s Model:


dn

• The first concept for Quantized energy.


• This concept explains the spectrum of the hydrogen atom and atom-like hydrogen. (It means the
an

species having 1𝑒 − )
o 1𝐻 , 𝐻𝑒 + , 𝐿𝑖 2+ , 𝐵𝑒 3+
•
ch

Calculation of atomic radius-


𝑛2 ℎ2
𝑟 = 2 2 h= Planck’s constant
4𝜋 𝑚𝑒 𝑍
𝑛 2 n = orbit
𝑟= × 0.529 Å m = mass of e-
𝑍
𝑛2 e = electronic charge
𝑟 = × 0.529 × 10−10 𝑚
𝑍 Z = atomic number.
𝑛2 −8
𝑟 = × 0.529 × 10 𝑐𝑚
𝑍

1|Biomentors.online

1
1
www.biomentors.online

1
𝑟 ∝ 𝑛2 ; 𝑟 ∝
𝑍
𝑟1 𝑛2 𝑟 𝑍
 = 𝑛12 ; 𝑟1 = 𝑍2
𝑟2 2 2 1

𝑟1 𝑛2 𝑍
 = 𝑛12 × 𝑍2
𝑟2 2 1

Que.: 1 Find atomic radius for 𝟏𝒔𝒕,2𝒏𝒅,𝟑𝒓𝒅 Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom.

For hydrogen 𝑍 = 1.
𝑛2
Formula for calculation of radius, 𝑟 = × 0.529 Å

om
𝑍
(1)2
1st orbit, 𝑟1 = (1)
× 0.529 = .529 Å
(2)2
2nd orbit, 𝑟2 = × 0.529 = 2.116 Å

l.c
1
(3)2
3rd orbit, 𝑟3 = × 0.529 = 4.761 Å
1

ai
Que.: 2 Find the radius ratio for 3rd and 5th orbit of 𝐋𝐢𝟐+.

gm
𝑟1 𝑛2 (3)2 9
𝑟2
= 𝑛12 = (5)2 = 25
2

Que.: 3 Find the radius ratio for 2nd orbit of 𝐋𝐢𝟐+ and 3rd orbit of 𝐁𝐞𝟑+.
@
Li → Z = 3; Be → Z = 4
it

𝑟1 𝑛2 𝑍 (2)2 4 16
= 𝑛12 × 𝑍2 = (3)2 × 3 = 27
9

𝑟2 2 1
u.
sh
i.a
dn
an
ch

2|Biomentors.online

You might also like