eee Moving Charges and Magnetism POINTS TO 1. Magnetic Effect of Current A magnetic field is associated with an electric current flowing through a metallic wire. This is called magnetic elect of current. On the other hand, a stationary electron produces electric field only. 2. Source and Units of Magnetic Field Oersted’s Experiment: A Danish physicist, Hans Christian Oersted, in 1820, demonstrated that a magnetic needle is deflected by a current carrying wire. He concluded that the magnetic field is caused by current elements (or moving charges). The unit of magnetic field strength in SI system is tesla (T) or weber/metre” (Wb m~”) or newton/ampere-metre (N A”! m!). In CGS system, the unit of magnetic field is gauss (G). IT=10°G 3. Biot-Savart Law It states that the magnetic field strength dB produced due to a current clement (of current / and length di) at a point having position vector 74 0 7 relative to current element is 1 - = _ Ho Mix ab = where jy is permeability of free space. Its value is y= 4 x 1077 Wh/A-m, The magnitude of magnetic field is Ho Tdlsin@ a 2 where @ is the angle between current clement /dl and position vector? as shown in the figure. ae! 2 ae | Wn = ) ZS) ma i ms ES es] mn a dB= The direction of magnetic field dB is perpendicular to the plane containing Idi and ¥ . 4. Magnetic Field due to a Circular Coil The magnetic field due to current carrying circular coil of Naturns, radius, carrying current / ata distances rom the centre of cols | sta HoNTa' ; \ Te ar itlong the axis. a? eae OS =0 Ateentre,POINTS TO REMEMBER The direction of magnetic field at the centre is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. In general the field produced by a circular are subtending an angle @ at centre is ! Hol 8 ae ap OE (0 in radian) Ampere's Circuital Law | 2 It states that the line integral of magnetic field B along a closed path is equal to \ Hg-times the current (0) passing through the closed path. 9B di = tol 6. Magnetic Field due to a Straight Conductor Carrying a Current using Biot Savart Law ‘The magnetic field due to a straight current carrying wire of finite length at a point is ol 4 pen sind, + sind) where & is the perpendicular distance of the point from the conductor. The direction of magnetic field is given by right hand grip rule. hate Special cases: (i) If the wire is infinitely long, then $, = 1/2, 62=n/2 oF © B Bebe = O)s then. 7. Magnetic Field due to a Current Carrying Solenoid At the axis ofa long solenoid, carrying a current 7 Bent where n = number of turns per unit length. ; ; Hon Magnetic ficld at one end of solenoid Bygg =~ The polarity of any end is determined by using Ampere's right hand rule. 8. Force on a Moving Charged Particle in Magnetic Field ‘The force on a charged particle moving with velocity 7 in a uniform magnetic field B is given by Fn =q(@B) = quBsin® This is known as Lorents force. ‘The direction of this force is determined by using Fleming's left hand rule. ‘The direction of this force is perpendicular to both J and By When @ is parallel toB, then Fn=0 When @ is perpendicular to Z, then Fx is maximum, ie, Fy = qoB. Force on a Charged Particle in Simultaneous Electric and Magnetic Fields The total force on a charged particle moving in simultancous electric field E and magnetic field B is given by Fa gE +9x8) ‘This is called Lorentz force equation10. 1. 12. 13. Path of Charged Particle in a Uniform Magnetic Field (@ If v is parallel wo the dircetion of B, then magnetic force = zero. undeflected straight line. (@) Ifa isperpendicularto B , then magnet }o the path of particle is an ‘Id providesa force whose direction is perpendicular to both Y and B and the particle follows a circular path. The radius r of path is given by 2 mo? me Tp “B= oR IfK is kinetic energy of a particle, then P = mu = y2mK y2mK qB If Vis accelerating potential in volt, K = qV” y2mg¥ 1 (mV qB BY G . som ig Te DEM ‘Time period of revolution is 7 = 7 (Gi) 1fa particle's velocity is oblique to magnetic field 8 then the particle follows a helical path of imvsin® mo 9B Be . 2am Time period, T= 5 radius, r= . 2am and pitch, P= 97 = veos0 where is a component of velocity parallel to the direction of magnetic field. Velocity Filter If electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular and a charged particle enters this region with velocityd which is perpendicular to both electric and magnetic fields, then it may happen that the electric and magnetic forces are equal and opposite and charged particle with given velocity » remain undeflected in both fields. In such a condition - a QE= QB = v= This arrangement is called velocity filter or velocity selector Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Conductor of Length 7 is given by iixB) 7 Magnitude of force is “ Pa = Bin 0 e. Fr Direction of force F is normal to T and B given by Fleming's Left Hand Rule. If 6 = 0(ce., / is parallel to B), then magnetic force is zero. Force between Parallel Current Carrying Conductors Two parallel current carrying conductors attract while antiparallel current carrying conductors repel. The f F magnetic force per unit length on either current carrying. ' ri conductor at separation ‘? is given by h eh CETTE NEL ey mace ay [eye]POINTS TO REMEMBER 4 15. 16. F_ Polls = ep Mewton/metre fi =2x107) Is unit is newton/metre abbreviated as N/m. © Definition of ampere in SI System | ampere is the current which when flowing in each of the two parallel wires in vacuum at separation of 1 m from each other exert a force of cr Fe 7 2% 107 N/mon each other. ‘Torque Experienced by a Current Loop (of Area A ) Carrying Current J in a Uniform Magnetic Field B is given by T=NIGxB) = xB where M = N/A is magnetic moment of loop. The unit of magnetic moment in SI system is ampere X metre® (Am), Potential energy of a current loop in a magnetic field When a current loop of magnetic moment M is placed in a magnetic field, then potential energy of magnetic dipole is .B = — MB cost () When 0 = 0, 0 = ~ MB (minimum or stable equilibrium position) (@) When @ = 8, U = + MB (maximum or unstable equilibrium position) Gil) When @ = $ u=0. Moving Goil Galvanometer A moving coil galvanometer is a device used to detect flow of current ina circuit. care ‘A moving coil galvanometer consists of a rectangular coil er placed in a uniform radial magnetic field produced by / cylindrical pole pieces. Torque on coil t = NIAB where NN s is number of turns, 4 is area of coil. I! C is torsional rigidity of material of suspension wire, then for deflection 8, torque = 00 Call For equilibrium, N/AB = CO NAB = 0-2 Ber Clearly, deflection in galvanometer is directly proportional to current, so the scale of galvanometer linear. Figure of Merit of a galvanometer: The current which produces a deflection of one scale division ‘i i _ — Pe i in the galvanometer is called its figure of Merit, Ibis equal to g = yg Sensitivity of a galvanometer: Current sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection of coil per unit current flowing in it. - 8) _ NAB Sensitivity $= B) a Voltage sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection of coil per unit potential difference across its ends 5, 6 NAB i, VT RE18. where Ry is resistance of galvanometer Clearly for greater sensitivity, number of turns N, area 4 and magnetic field strength B should be large and torsional rigidity C of suspension should be small. Conversion of Galvanometer into Ammeter A galvanometer may be converted into ammeter by using very small resistance in parallel with the galvanometer coil. The small ance | __@ jometer for full scale ‘Ammeter resistance connected in parallel is called a shunt. IG is resis of galvanometer, J, is current in galva deflection, then for conversion of galvanometer into ammeter of range / ampere, the shunt is given by s- Ha Ti Conversion of Galvanometer into Voltmeter A galvanometer may be converted into voltmeter by connecting high resistance (R) in series with the coil of galvanometer. If V volt is the range of volumeter formed, then series resistance is given by Multiple Choice Questions Choose and write the correct option(s) in the following questions. Ifa conducting wire carries a direct current through it, the magnetic field associated with the current will be . (@) both inside and outside the conductor _(@) neither inside nor outside the conductor (6) only outside the conductor (2) only inside the conductor A region has a uniform magnetic field in it, A proton enters into the region with velocity making an angle of 45° with the direction of the magnetic field. In this region the proton will move on a path having the shape of a [CBSE 2020 (55/3/1)] (@) straightline ——@) circle (©) spiral (@) helix ‘Two charged particles traverse identical helical paths in a completely opposite sense in a uniform magnetic field B = Bok. [NCERT Exemplar] (@) They have equal z-componems of momenta (0) They must have equal charges (©) They necessarily represent a particle, anti-particle pair @ The charge to mass ratio satisly: (i), +(£) =0 loop of radius R in the middle as shown in the figure. A current / flows through a long straight conductor which is bent into circular \\ ) gs ‘The magnitude of the net magnetic field at point O will be [CBSE 2020 (55/4/1)] Hol gl wie @ xr0 © yRuty © RR © F(I-#)10. ML. 12, 13. 14. Biot-Savart law indicates that the moving electrons (velocity v) produce a magnetic field B such that [NCERT Exemplar) (@ Bis perpendicular tov @) Bis parallel tov (0) it obeys inverse cube law (@) itis along the line joining the electron and point of observation An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which of the following is true? [NCERT Exemplar] (a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis, Q) The electron path will be circular about the axis, (©) The electron will experience a force at 45° to the axis and hence execute a helical path (d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid A micro-ammeter has a resistance of 100 0 and a full scale range of 50 m iA. It can be used as a higher range ammeter or voltmeter provided resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range and resistance combinations. (@) 50 V range and 10 kO resistance in series (0) 10 V range and 200 kO resistance in series (0. 5 mA range with 1 Q resistance in parallel (@ 10 mA range with 1 @ resistance in parallel A current carrying circular loop of radius & is placed in the x-y plane with centre at the origin. Half of the loop with x > 0 is now bent so that it now lies in the y-z plane. [NCERT Exemplar] (@) The magnitude of magnetic moment now diminishes. (@) The magnetic moment does not change. (Q) The magnitude of B at (0,0, 2), 2>>R increases. (@) The magnitude of B at (0,0, 2), 2>>R is unchanged. ‘The sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer increases with the decrease in (@) number of turns @) area of coil (©) magnetic field (@) torsional rigidity A voltmeter of range 2V and resistance 300 0 cannot be converted to an ammeter of range (@) 5mA (8 mA 1A @ 104 In an ammeter 4% of the mains current is passing through galvanometer. If the galvanometer is shunted with a 5 @ resistance, then resistance of galvanometer will be (@) 1162 1170 © 18a @ 1200 A rectangular coil of length 0.12 m and width 0.1 m having 50 turns of wire is suspended vertically in a uniform magnetic field of strength 0.2 Weber/m’. The coil carries a current of 2 A. If the plane of the coil is inclined at an angle of 30° with the direction of the field, the torque required to keep the coil in stable equilibrium will be (@ 0.24Nm (6) 0.12 Nm (©) 0.15 Nm @ 0.20 Nm An electron is released from rest in a region of uniform electric and magnetic fields acting parallel to each other. The electron will [CBSE 2020 (55/2/1)} (@ move ina straight line. @) move in a circle. (©. remain stationary. (2) move in a helical path. A straight current carrying conductor is placed inside a uniform magnetic field. The force per unit length acting on the conductor is [CBSE 2020 (55/2/3)] (@) maximum when the conductor is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. (@) maximum when the conductor is along the direction of magnetic field. (© minimum when the conductor is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. (@® minimum when the conductor makes an angle of 45° with the direction of magnetic field.15. An isosceles right angled current carrying loop PQR is placed in a uniform magnetic field B pointing along PR. If the magnetic force acting on the arm PQ is F, then the magnetic force which acts on the arm QR will be [CBSE 2020 (55/3/1)] R FE v2 16, Acurrent of 10 A is flowing from east to west in a long straight wire kept on a horizontal table, The magnetic field developed at a distance of 10 cm due north on the table is: @F ® © BF @) -F [CBSE 2020 (55/4/1)] (@) 2 x 10° T, acting downwards @) 2 x 10° T, acting upwards (© 4x 10°T, acting downwards (@) 4x 10° T, acting upwards 17. An electron and a proton are moving along the same direction with the same kinetic energy. ‘They enter a uniform magnetic field acting perpendicular to their velocities. The dependence of radius of their paths on their masses is: [CBSE 2020 (55/4/2)] @ rem ® ravm © rom si 18. ‘Two wires carrying currents [, and I, lie, one slightly above the other, in a horizontal plane as shown in figure. The region of vertically upward strongest magnetic field is (CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1] a v @t ou lu ow 19. The magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying circular loop of radius R, is By. The ‘magnetic field at a point on its axis ata distance R from the centre of the loop is By. Then the ratio (By/B,) is [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1) @ 22 ® fa Oe @2 20. A current carrying wire kept in a uniform magnetic field, will experience a maximum force when iti [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1) (@) perpendicular to the magnetic field (6) parallel to the magnetic field (© avan angle of 45° to the magnetic field @) at an angle of 60" to the magnetic field 21. Ifan ammeter is to be used in place of a voltmeter, then we must connect with the ammeter a [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1] (@) low resistance in parallel @) low resistance in series (© high resistance in parallel (@) high resistance in series22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28, 29, A straight conducting rod of length J and mass m is suspended in a horizontal plane by a pair of flexible strings in a magnetic field of magnitude B. To remove the tension in the supporting strings, the magnitude of the current in the wire is [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1) mgB mgl mg B @ —- oF Op © me Which of the following statements is correct? [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1) (@) Magnetic field lines do not form closed loops. (2) Magnetic field lines start from north pole and end at south pole ofa magnet. (©) The tangent at a point on a magnetic field line represents the direction of the magnetic field at that point, (@) Two magnetic field lines may intersect each other. A proton and an alpha particle move in circular orbits in a uniform magnetic field. Their speeds are in the ratio of 9 : 4. The ratio of radii of their circular orbits ( ks ) is Tappa [CBSE Sample paper-2022, Term-1) 3 wy 8 2 @ +s oF OF @F The current sensitivity of a galvanometer increases by 20%. If its resistance also increases by 25%, the voltage sensitivity will [CBSE Sample Paper-2022, Term-1) (@) decrease by 1% @) increase by 5% (0) increase by 10% (@) decrease by 4% they ‘Three infinitely long parallel straight current carrying wires A, B and Care kept at equal distance from each other as shown in the figure. The wire Cexperiences 21, 1) 1 net force F .The net force on wire C, when the current in wire A is reversed will be [CBSE Sample Paper-2022, Term-1} (@) zero FR OF W@ 2F mw lb ie Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direction. They [CBSE 2023 (55/2/1)] (@) attract each other. () repel each other. (©) neither attract nor repel. (@ force of auraction or repulsion depends upon speed of beams. A long stratight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current ‘I. The current is uniformly distributed across its area of cross-section. The rato of magnitude of magnetic field By at and , at distance 2a is [CBSE 2023 (5572/1) @ $ Ol @2 @4 Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of the magnitude of the magnetic field outside a straight infinite current carrying wire of radius ‘a’, as a function of distance ‘r’ from the centre of the wire? [CBSE 2023 (55/3/1)] @ 3 oO 8 © 68 @ 8 fg. ie IO NM 730. An electron enters a uniform magnetic field with speed 1. It describes a semicircular path and comes out of the field. The final speed of the electron is [CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)] (a) zero We oF (@) ® ‘Answers 1. ©) 2d) 8.@) 4d) 5. (@) 6. dd) 7. (bo) & «@ 9. (d) 10.@) IL @) 12. (@) 13. (@) 14. (a) 15. @) 16. (a) 17.6) 18.) 19. (@) 20. (@) 21. @) 22. ©) 23. (©) 24d) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27.) 28. (b) 29. «) 30. @) Assertion-Reason Questions In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (0) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (©) Ais true but R is false. (@) Ais false and R is also false. 1, Assertion(4) : On increasing the current sensitivity ofa galvanometer by increasing the number of turns, may not necessarily increase its voltage sensitivity. Reason (2) : The resistance of the coil of the galvanometer increases on increasing the umber of turns. [CBSE Sample Paper-2022, Term-1) 2. Assertion(A) : When a magnetic dipole is placed in a non uniform magnetic field, only a torque acts on the dipole Reason (R) + Force would not act on dipole if magnetic ficld were non uniform. 3. Assertion(A) + To increase the range of an ammeter, we must connect a suitable high resistance in series to it. Reason (R) : The ammeter wi ncreased range should have high resistance [CBSE Sample Paper-2022, Term-1) talvanometer cannotas such be used as an ammeter to measure the value of the current in a given circuit. Reason (R) : It gives full-scale deflection for a current of the order of micro ampere. 5. Assertion(A) : Higher the range, lower is the resistance of an ammeter. 4, Assertion(4) Reason (R) : To increase the range of an ammeter additional shunt is added in series to it. [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term-1] proton and an electron, with same momenta, enter in a magnetic field in a direction at right angles to the lines of the force. The radius of the paths followed. by them will be same. Reason (R) + Electron has less mass than the proton. (CBSE Sample Paper-2022, Term-1 7. Assertion(A) + 6. Assertion(A) : Magnetic field is caused by current element. < a op Mo ddl Reason (R) + Magnetic field due toa current element Pdf is dB = FAS8. Assertion(A) : Ifa proton and an a-particle enter a uniform magnetic field perpendicularly with the same speed, the time period of revolution of a-particle is double that of proton, Reason (R) + In a magnetic field, the period of revolution of a charged particle is directly proportional to the mass of the particle and is inversely proportional to charge of particle, [AIMS 2010} 9. Assertion(4) : When radius ofa circular loop carrying a steady current is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four times. Reason (R) + The magnetic moment ofa circular loop carryinga steady current is proportional tw the area of the loop. [CBSE 2023 (55/3/1)] current carrying square loop made of a wire of length L is placed in a magnetic field. 1 experiences a torque which is greater than the torque on a circular loop made of the same wire carrying the same current in the same magnetic field. 10. Assertion(A) + Reason (R) + A square loop occupies more area than a circular loop, both made of wire of the same length [CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)] Answers 1. @) 2. (d) 3.) 4. (a) 5.) 6. (6) 7. 6) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (5) Case-based/Passage-based Questions Read the paragraph given below and answer the questions that follow: Loudspeakers: A common application of the magnetic force on a current carrying wire is found in loudspeakers. The magnetic field created by the permanent magnet exerts a force on the voice coil that is proportional to the current in the coil; the direction of the force is either to the left or to the right, depending on the direction of the current. The signal coming from the amplifier causes the current to oscillate in direction and magnitude. The coil and the speaker cone to which it is attached respond by oscillating with an amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the current in the coil. Turning up the volume knob on the amplifier increases the current amplitude and hence the amplitudes of the cone’s oscillation and of the sound wave produced by the moving cone. Rigid speaker B field of wee permanent nagnet ag @ © amplifier ‘The force is always perpendicular to both the conductor and the field, with the direction determined by the same right-hand rule we used for a moving positive charge. Hence, this force can be expressed as a vector product, just like the force on a single moving charge. We representthe segment of wire with a vector T along the wire in the direction of the current, then force F on this segment F =11 xB (e., magnetic force on a straight wire segment) (i) Loudspeaker works on the principle of (@)deweor (6) generator (©) amplifier (@ mowr (ii) Electrodynamic speaker can handle which type of audio power relative to permanent magnet type speaker? (@) Lower @) Equal (©) Higher (2) Both (a) and (6) (iii) To increase the power handling capacity in loudspeakers which type of magnet is used? (@) Temporary magnet (@) Permanent magnet (0) Blectromagnet (@) None of these oR A horizontal wire 0.1 m long carries a current of 5 A. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field, which can balance the weight of wire. Given the mass of the wire is 3 X 107 kg/m and g = 10 mjs*, (a) 6 x 10% T, acting horizontally perpendicular to wire (0) 6 x 10° T, acting vertically upwards (©) 6 x 10° T, acting vertically downwards (d)6 x 10" T, acting horizontally perpendicular to wire (2) A square current carrying loop is suspended in a uniform magnetic field acting in the plane of the loop. If the force on one arm of the loop is F , the net force on the remaining three arms of the loop is @e w-F 3k @ 3F Explanations (@® @ A-common application of the magnetic force on a current carrying wire is found in loudspeakers as similar case in motor in which current carrying coil experience force in presence of magnetic field, (f) (©) Wisatype of higher audio power relative to pei Gi) (@ The electromagnet is used to increase the power handling capacity in loudspeakers. OR (@) In equilibrium position, F = UB = mg nent magnet type speaker. mg _ (0.13 x10) x10 m Sx0d The weight is wire be supported by force F if it acts vertically upwards. It will be so ifthe > B =6x10°T direction of B is horizontal and perpendicular to wire carrying current, Ga) @) Asclear from figure, force on arm PS and arm RQis zero PS = 3 If F is force on arm RS, the force on arm PQ is =F Therefore, net force on the remaining three arms of the loop =- F.CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS Ans. Q2 Ans. Qs Ans. Q4 Ans. Ans. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the Lorentz magnetic force F due to a charge moving with velocity 0 ina magnetic field J. What is the direction of the magnetic force? [CBSE Dethi 2014) Force, F = g(@v*B) Obviously, the force on charged partide is perpendicular to both velocity # and magnetic field B . When a charged particle moving with velocity 2 is subjected to magnetic field B , the force acting on it is non-zero. Would the particle gain any energy? [CBSE (F) 2013] No. (é) This is because the charge particle moves on a circular path. (i) F= q@xB) and power dissipated P= Fd [-uxB Lu] =qGxBe =0 The particle does not gain any energy. A long straight wire carries a steady current / along the positive Y-axis in a coordinate system. A pucticte of change 40 ts mening with» yelocily¢ along ite Yexin, in which irection will the particle experience a force? [CBSE (F) 2013} From relation F = quB[ix (-2)] = + qoB) t a¢ Magnetic force F along + Y axis. ie oR & = From Fleming's left hand rule, thumb points along +¥ direction, so the x direction of magnetic force will be along + ¥ axis (or in the direction of flow of current). What can be the cause of helical motion of a charged particle? [CBSE North 2016) Charge particle moves inclined to the magnetic field. When there is an angle between velocity of charged particle and magnetic field, then the vertical component of velocity (v sin 8) will rotate the charge particle on circular path, but horizontal component (v cos 8) will move the charged particle in straight line, Hence path of the charge particle becomes helical. Ina certain region of space electric Field E and magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other. An electron enters in the region perpendicular to the directions of both Band and moves andelincsed: Fed ibe wohecliy of Gor cioction: (HOTS) (CBSE (#) 2013] Net force on electron moving in the combined electric field E and magnetic field B is Fo-[E + 0x8) Since electron moves undeflected then F = jee A narrow beam of protons and deuterons, each having the same momentum, enters a region of uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to their direction of momentum, What would be the ratio of the circular paths described by them? [CBSE (F) 2011] OR A proton and a deuteron having equal momenta enter in a region of uniform magnetic field at right angle to the direction of the field. Find the ratio of the radii of curvature of the path of the particle. [CBSE Delhi 2013)Ans. Charge on deutron (q,) = charge on proton (4) Radius of rear path ()= 5 (con = +) reel: (fr constant momentam So, Hence, ry st An electron moves along +x direction. It enters into a region of uniform magnetic field B directed along ~x direction as shown in fig. Draw the shape of trajectory followed by the electron after entering the field. [CBSE 2020 (55/5/1)] dee faa y 8 $ Alternatively: Circular path in the X-Y plane in clockwise sense. 4th Ans. Note: If the student just writes, force on the electron will be along negative ¥ axis, i, P= ~e(vi) x (BCR) = evB(— j) award % mark only [CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (55/5/1)] Q.8. A square shaped current carrying loop MNOP is placed near a straight long current carrying wire AB as shown in the figure. The wire and the loop lie in the same plane. If the loop experiences a net force F towards the wire, find the magnitude of the force on the side ‘NO” of the loop. | [CBSE 2020 (55/5/1)] | | ro 8 ‘Ans. Magnitude of force on side NO is = F Alternatively Let force on side MP be = F, Force on side NO = F % cies Magnitude of net force = F, = = = F % k ‘Therefore force on side NO = a =F [CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (55/5/1)]Ans. Q10. Ans. Qu Ans. Qi Ans, Q. 13. Ans. Qu. Ans. A. square coll of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coll is suspended vertically and normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30° with the direction of uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0.80 T. What is the magnitude of the torque expetienced by the coil? INCERT] Torque on coil t = NIAB sin @ Here N= 20;4 = 10cm x 10cm = 100 cm’ 1=12A,0 = 30°, B=0.80T 1 += (20) x (12) x 100 107) x 0.80 sin 30°= 24%0.8x( 5) x10" = 0.96 Nm 100 x 10“ m® A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 4 north to south direction. Give the magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the wire? Given / = 50A,r= 2.5m gone gl _4nx107%50 } Qar texas = 4x10"T By right hand palm rule the magnetic field is directed vertically upward. |S ‘What is the value of magnetic field at point 0 due to current flowing in the wires as shown in figure? (Wors} 1 +0 Zero, because the upper and lower current carrying conductors are identical and so the magnetic fields caused by them at the centre 0 will be equal and opposite. What is the magnetic field at point O due to current carrying wires shown in figure? (HOTS) ‘The magnetic field due to straight wires AB and GD is zero since z—>—5| either @ = equal and opposite; hence net field at O is zero. or 180° and that due to a semi-circular arc are rent of 8 A and [NCERT] What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length on a wire carrying ac making an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 Magnetic force, F = BIl sin 0 Magnetic force per unit length, = BI sin@=0.15 x 8x sin 30°= 0.6 N/m A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a reion of uniform magnetic field, acting perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move in a circular path with higher frequency? [CBSE 2018] Electron Reason: When the charge partie enters perpendicular to the magnetic field it traces circular path. mo? _m T= quB = “a = 6H), _— > re (20= or) 4B ge > o-> > w= > yet = pate 2am “mw Since, electron has less mass, so it will move with high frequency.Very Short Answer Questions Each of the following questions are of 2 marks. QL Ans. A particle of charge g is moving with velocity v in the presence of crossed Electric field E and Magnetic field B as shown. Write the condition under which the particle will continue moving along x-axis. How would the trajectory of the particle be affected if the electric field is, switched off [CBSE Sample Paper 2018) Consider a charge q moving with velocity v in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. The force on an electric charge q due to both of them is F =q[E@) +9 xBq)] velocity of the charge where, B(r) = Magnetic field Let us consider a simple case in which electric and ds are perpendicular to each other and icle also perpendicular to the velocity of the pat Fe=qE = 43 Fe = gx = quixBh =e} F =q(E -vB)j Thus, electric and magnetic forces are in opposite directions. Suppose we adjust the values of £ and B such that magnitudes of the wo forces are equal, then, the total force on the charge is zero and the charge will move in the fields undeflecied. This happens when gE=qB or v= = This condition can be used to select charged particles of a particular velocity out of a beam containing charges moving with dillerent speeds (irrespective of their charge and mass). The crossed F and B fields therefore serve as a velocity selector. Trajectory becomes helical about the direction of magnetic field ( Write the expression for the magnetic force acting on a x oe Ke x Ke ® charged particle moving with velocity v in the presence 01 —~ of magnetic field B. KOK Ke xe we x (i) A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with" —~ equal velocities, enter a uniform magnetic field going into the plane of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in ¢ —> the field and justify your answer. (CBSE Delhi 2016] kok x Ko KxAns. () F=q@xB) () Force on alpha particle and electron are opposite to each other, magnitude of mass per charge ratio of alpha particle is more than clectron (i.e., ree a) hence radius of alpha particle is more than radius of electron. ae RR KK Q.3. Two long straight parallel wires 4 and B separated by a distance d, carry equal current 7 flowing in same direction as shown in the figure. (a) Find the magnetic field at a point P situated between them at a distance x from one wire. (6) Show graphically the variation of the magnetic field with distance x for 0 By ©Ans. Ans. Ans. Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of radius R, carrying currents 1 A and V3 A respectively, are placed concentrically and perpendicular to each other lying in the XY and YZ planes. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the centre of the coils. [CBSE (Al) 2017) |_Tlae _smmagnetié _qeetid dire to ee codl pat | Iehe cemntge ee se ee The derectcond along & mrakcng 48 % 60 cocth the Bp = fan d- Be = Yate x2g Bp aR Ho ° tn the b= 6d. UTopper's Answer 2017) ‘An electron is revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbit with a speed of 107 ms", If the radius of the orbit is 10"'"m, find the current constituted by the revolving electron in the orbit. [CBSE 2023 (55/1/1)] Here,v = 107 Time period of electron to revolve in orbit, T. 6 e _ ev _ 16x10" X10? _ 16x 100 To Qnr Qtr 9x 8.14 x10" 628x10 «10% Now, current, A long straight wire AB carries a current of 4 A. A proton P travels at 8 4 x 10° ms" parallel to the wire 0.2 m from it and in a direction opposite to the current as shown in the figure. Calculate the force which the magnetic pe 7 °. field due to the current carrying wire exerts on the proton. Also specify its. |. 7" 9p direction. [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)] | Given, 1=4A.r=02m,0 = 4x108ms ' 108m Magnetic field at Point ? due current carrying straight wire AB A aeForce acting on the mo. ng proton in the magnetic field F = Bo Sind Therefore, F= $24 xqusin® _ 2x1077x4x 1.6107! x4 108 sin 90 ~ 0.2 = 2.56 x 107° N Direction of force at point P is towards right. (away from AB) Q.7. An alpha particle is projected with velocity 7 = (8.0 x 10° m/s) j into a region in which magnetic field B =[(0.4T) i + (0.3 T)j ] exists. Calculate the acceleration of the particle in the region. 7, j and & are unit vectors along x, y and z axis respectively and charge to mass ratio for alpha particle is 4.8 x 10 Cikg. [CBSE 2023 (55/1/1)] Ans, Here, 3 =3%10°ms i, # =04i 403 71 Charge to mass ratio, 4 = 4.8 x 10? kg. [For a-particle] From Lorenty's force, F = (@xF) = 9(3x10%)x(0.47 + 0.3)) = 9(1.2x10°G xi) +0.9%10°(i x j)) = 9(0.9x 10%) Ni a _% yf Now, a= 4 = S(.9x10%)k = 48x10" x0.9x10° & = 4.3210"? m/s & Q.8. A wire of length is in the form of a circular loop A of one turn. This loop is reshaped into loop B of three turns. Find the ratio of the magnetic fields at the centres of loop 4 and loop B for the same current through them. [CBSE 2023 (55/3/1)] Ans. For circular loop 4, N= 1,n=3 Hol ya For circular loop B, N As form given, 8X2z’ Now, Hence, ratio,Q.9. A deuteron and an alpha particle having same momentum are in turn allowed to pass through a magnetic field B , acting normal to the direction of motion of the particles. Calculate the ratio of the radii of the circular paths described by them. [CBSE 2019 (55/1/2)] Ans. =H. ans at oss Z Ca beta vant above Arewashin) 2 = BS Gn WA RBS _| @askeiwo: x-pork'&) } [Topper’s Answer 2019} Q.10. State two reasons why a galvanometer can not be used as such to measure current in a given circuit. (CBSE Delhi 2010) oR Can a galvanometer as such be used for measuring the current? Explain. Ans, A galvanometer cannot be used as such to measure current due to following wo reasons. (@ A galvanometer has a finite large resistance and is connected in series in the circuit, so it will increase the resistance of circuit and hence change the value of current in the circuit. Gi) A galvanometer is a very sensitive device, it gives a full scale deflection for the current of the order of microampere, hence if connected as such it will not measure current of the order of ampere. Q. 11. ‘Two long parallel straight wires A and B are 2.5 cm apart in air. They carry 5.0 A and 2.5 A currents respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by wire A on a 10 cm length of wire B. (CBSE 2023 (55/1/1)) Ans. Here, d=25em =2.5 x 10? mf, =5A,f)=25A E= 10cm = 10 x 107 m. 1 1 ‘When tin current flow in opposite direction, then they repel each” * other by magnetic force, 6=250m 5x 10x10 I XL5X 10 Q. 12, A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of windings of 400 turns each, The diameter of the solenoid is 1.8 cm. If the current carried is 8.0 A, estimate the magnitude of B inside the solenoid near its centre, (NCERT] Ans. Given [= 80 cm = 0.80 m,N = 5 x 400 = 2000, = 8.0 10°N. Magnetic field inside the solenoid, NoNI _ 4nx 107 x 2000 x 8.0 y= 080 = 89 x108T = 2.5 x 107 T B= ntQ.13. Ans. Each of QL Ans. Q2 Ans. An ammeter of resistance 0.8 © can measure a current up to 1.0 A. Find the value of shunt resistance required to convert this ammeter to measure a current up to 5.0A. [CBSE 2020 (55/2/1)] nec 5 328 Lhe hand novedliines Le gf RR. amot et wi conan atheh welK gmotlon ih xtiscctin ce, 8S. Pa ihe converter amriher, 54 cunnonk can ember. + ammeter cam Coke fb th, ae 4 flows Barus Rlaeieh aaienule day th falls’, | qee BON fog | | Re Ob -9-2 | bar fchunt= 02.2 (7 + | ~ oper’ Anvwer 2020) Short Answer Questions ifthe following questions are of 3 marks. Write any two important points of similarities and differences each between Coulomb's law for the electrostatic field and Biot-Savart’s law for the magnetic field. [CBSE (F) 2015) Similarities: Both electrostatic field and magnetic field: (@ follows the principle of superpo: (i) depends inversely on the square of distance from source to the point of interest Differences: (@ Electrostatic field is produced by a scalar source (q) and the magnetic field is produced by a vector source (Tab) (i Electrostatic field is along the displacement vector between source and point of interest; while magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane, containing the displacement vector and vector source. (ii) Electrostatic field is angle independent, while magnetic field is angle dependent between source vector and displacement vector: A proton, a deuteron and an alpha particle, are accelerated through the same potential difference and then subjected to a uniform magnetic field B , perpendicular to the direction of their motions. Compare () their kinetic energies, and (i ifthe radius ofthe circular path deseribed by proton is em, determine the radii of the paths described by deuteron and alpha particle. [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)] al my’ (@ Since W lta yt For proton, ymyet =v For deuteron, dmg = QV Foralpha particle -Sm,v3 = 29 (KE), (KE )gs (KE )q = 1122(i) Wehave, B= ™ So, Tp iTa Ta = Uyidy 1=5V/2em, 1, Q3. (@) A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 cm carrying a current of 6.0 A is suspended vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 1.0 T. The field lines make an angle of 60° with the normal of the coil. Calculate the magnitude of counter-torque that must be applied to prevent the coil from turning. (0) Would your answer change, if the circular coil in (a) were replaced by a planar coil of some irregular shape that encloses the same area? (All other particulars are also unaltered). INCERT] Ans. (a) Given N = 80,4 = a7? = x x (8.0 K 107? m 1= 6.0.4, B=1.0 T, 6 = 60° Torque t= NIABsin@ 0 6.0 x (8.0 x 10°%)* X 1.0 X sin 60° = 30%6.0%3.14% 64% 104%("2) = 13m () As the expression for torque contains only area not the shape of col, so torque on a planar loop will remain the same provided magnitude of area is same. Q.4. (A point charge q moving with speed v enters a uniform magnetic Y > field B that is acting into the plane of the paper as shown. What is QF the path followed by the charge q and in which plane does it move? (ii) How does the path followed by the charge get affected if its velocity v@ has a component parallel to B ? (ii) Ifan electric field E is also applied such that the particle continues moving along the original straight line path, what should be the magnitude and direction ofthe electic eld £? (CBSE (F) 2016) % Ans. (@) The force experienced by the charge particle is given by F=g@%B) when 0 is perpendicular to B, the force on the charge particle acts as the centripetal force and makes cular path. Path followed by charge is anticlockwise in X-Y plane. The point charge moves in the plane perpendicular to both » and B. Gi) A component of velocity of charge particle is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field, the force experienced due to that component will be zero. This is because F = quB sin 0° = 0. Thus, particle will move in straight line. it move along a Also, the force experienced by the component perpendicular to 8 movesthe particle in a circular path. The combined effect of both the components will move the particle in a helical path. (ii) Magnetic force on the charge, q Fp = q@%B) = got) XB) = quB(3) Hence, for moving charge, q in its original path Fe+Fe=0 Fr=qbQ) v E=vBQ) 1g magnitude both sides eae l= _22 =e IEl=a%y Direction of Lorentz magnetic force is (-ve) y-axis. Therefore, direction of Eis along (+ve) y-axis,Q.5. A rectangular loop which was initially inside the region of uniform and time - independent magnetic field, is pulled out with constant velocity v as shown in the figure. (@) Sketch the variation of magnetic flux, the induced current, X * x * x x and power dissipated as Joule heat as function of time. x x = ¥| x () Ifinstead of rectangular loop,circularloopispulledout;do ~~ x x» x x x. you expect the same value of induced current? Sketch the variation of flux in this case with time. Justify your answer. [CBSE Sample Paper 2021) ‘Ans. (a) We know that x x x $=8.4 = Bb =consam =f eb ate, B.A = B(-xb L Bb(l uf) = BbL— Bub. » & _[ 86 t=0 49> | p— Boot 1=1 aed Now, FE = Gp Bll — Bub € = Bub Bub RR 0=i=0mr=0 e= Bob yb = 5 = B= constant att Pav Oatt=0 Be (G)( 22) = rderyare _ J Oatt=0 H=Pt=)pi= Ra-Tyat i : n | at = oot oat : (®) When a circular loop is pulled out of a region of uniform magnetic field, the rate of change rea isnot constant and hence the induced current varies accordingly. shown in the graph below. ‘The variation of fluxQ.6. A circular coil of ‘N" turns and diameter ‘d’ carries a current ‘P. It is unwound and rewound to make another coil of diameter ‘2¢", current ‘I remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the new coil and the original coil. [CBSE (AI) 2012) Ans. We know, magnetic moment (ai) = NTA where Number of turns Then, length of wire remains same Thus, x[2x($)]= [20(%4)] = v= 2 Now, m, = NIA, = Nir) = LNind?* Similarly, Q.7. An a-particle and a proton of the same kinetic energy are in turn allowed to pass through a magnetic field B , acting normal to the direction of motion of the particles. Calculate the ratio of radii of the circular paths described by them. [CBSE 2019 (55/5/3)] Ans. The radius of circular path is given by wo qe Let mp and » are the mass of proton and velocity. Also mg and vq is the mass and velocity of orparticle, According to question Also, (i) From equation (i), we have myo, = 2K Momentum of proton =m,v, = /m,2K Now, ¥2myK Similarly, m= da = 2 milarly, 7B [ga= 24] 1, y2m,K —gpB Now, = [ro mq = 4m] "24,8 © /2m,K - wf aym,Ans, Ans. ‘Two small identical cireular loops, marked (1) and (2), carrying? equal currents, are placed with the geometrical axes perpendicular | \ 3 to each other as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and "2 ) ao" direction of the net magnetic field produced at the point 0. a4 [CBSE (F) 2013, 2014] Magnetic field due to coil 1 at point 0, j long 06, @—] Dee tons Poh Magnetic field due to coil 2 at point 0, = = HyIR? = Bat esions GO Both By and B» are mutually perpendicular, so the / net magnetic field at O is is B= /B? + 83 = 2B, (as B, = B,) ee ‘wrt ae 2a ee AsR< an@=1 (vB,=B) > 8= 5 B is directed at an angle % with the direction of magnetic field B, ‘Two identical coils P and Q each of radius R are lying in perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre. Find the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at the common centre of the two coils, if they carry currents equal to Jand 3 I respectively. [CBSE (P) 2016, 2019 (55/5/1)] {HOTS} Given that two identical coils are lying in perpendicular planes and having common centre. P and Qcarry current [and 3 J respectively. Now, magnetic field at the centre of P due to its current f, ~" Hol Be aR And, magnetic field at centre of Q due to its current ¥/3 J, = _ Pol Bo- "oR B oor | fBh+ BG a Z {ety (37) eotith eo hal % \ VaR) OR OR Rg : For direction, & Hol ae || BE cana Heel | PR Jt ge nct( 1) = so [Bol |uov3t] v3 3 aRQ.10. Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius rand carrying currents [and 2/ respectively are lying in parallel planes such that they have a common axi The direction of current in both the loops is clockwise as seen from 0 which is equidistant from the both loops. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at point 0. [CBSE (Dethi) 2012) [HOTS] Ans. As we know, 2 . nyt Hol 2 iia (Pointing towards P) cioswyso Beery Wr i 7 Clockwise _ nr? wy t eee ae [Bel =F = gogy (Pointing towards Q) pe Ey note NB y \ ey tel Curent 2 Curent F|=|Bol-lE 1B |=[Bol-|Bel=q 75 ty! So, magneti field at point 0 has a magnitude Q. 11. (@) Anelectron moving horizontally with a velocity of 4 x 10 m/s 7 8 & enters a region of uniform magnetic field of 10° T acting vertically upward as shown in the figure. Draw its trajectory and find 5 ge & out the time it takes to come out of the region of magnetic field. (0) A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries a current + & of 2A. It is suspended in mid air by a uniform magnetic field B. ‘What is the magnitude of the magnetic field? [CBSE (F) 2015] {110TS) e 8 6 Ans. (a) From Flemings left hand rule, the electron deflects in anticlockwise direction. As the electron comes out the magnetic field region, it will describe a semi-circular path. Magnetic force provides a centripetal force. So, 2 mo = 7 e : b=" or ep = «og Time taken, T =f = pirtt: p= 3814x9110! ee eeee 1.6 107? x 10% 3.14 9.1 x 1077 16 (6) If Ampere’s force acts in upward direction and — balances the weight, that is Fa = Bil=mg = B 1.78% 10% s ™ H Q.12, A uniform magnetic field B is set up along the positive x-axis. A particle of charge ‘g' and mass ‘m* moving with a velocity v enters the field at the origin in X-Y plane such that it has velocity components both along and perpendicular to the magnetic field B. Trace, giving reason, the trajectory followed by the particle. Find out the expression for the distance moved by the particle along the magnetic field in one rotation. [CBSE Allahabad 2015} (HOTS)Ans. If component ¥, of the velocity vector is along the magnetic field, and remain constant, the charge particle will follow a helical trajectory; as shown in fig If the velocity component », is perpendicular to the magnetic field B, the magnetic force acts like a centripetal force qu, B. . Br So, qu,B 4a Since tangent velocity x, Br > w= = oa 2 ‘Time taken for one revolution, T= = Gy and the distance moved along the magnetic field in the helical path is 2nm soy T oe Q.13. (@) @ A circular loop of area 4, carrying a current / is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. Write the expression for the torque T acting on it in a vector form. (ii) If the loop is free to turn, what would be its orientation of stable equilibrium? Show that in this orientation, the flux of net field (external field + the field produced by the loop) is maximum. (®) Find out the expression for the magnetic field due to a long solenoid ca ing a current [and having n number of turns per unit length. [CBSE (F) 2013] (HOTS) Ans. (a) (i) Torque acting on the current loop t = mx B = 1(4 XB) x (i) If magnetic moment m = ZA is in the direction of external magnetic field ie., 0=0° y Magnetic flux 5 = (By +Be)-A =, at go iP lama where ris radius of the loop. () On applying Ampere’s circuital law f B.di = », [Total current] = fads [Bats [Bdi+ [Ba= yey | 7 ks field exists in direction QR, RS and SP. so 1 {1B lat +0+0+0 = poner é - [B\t=yynl + B= gmtQ.14. The figure shows three infinitely long straight parallel, 1 current carrying conductors. Find the i a (magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at ,, - point A lying on conductor 1, x (ii) magnetic force on conductor 2. (CBSE (F) 2017] > Ans. (i) Magnetic field, My 2037) _ Ho(60) I— Ib = Fae = yay into the plane of the paper. ‘ sae br an 3r o By =By-Bs é ar ~ ® a MOO sh = Gop gy into the paper. (ii) Magnetic force per unit length on wire (2) Re By Hy 2? Fo srs 4a ® ~ an @n Sr in the direction of wire (1) Q.15. (@) State the condition under which a charged particle moving with velocity » goes undeflected in a magnetic field B. (@) An electron, afier being accelerated through a potential difference of 10* V, enter a uniform magnetic field of 0.04 T, perpendicular to its direction of motion. Caleulate the radius of curvature of its trajectory. [CBSE (41) 2017) Hence, F Ans. («) Force in magnetic field on a charged particle Feq@xB) «F=qubsind IfF =0, = 0 = quB sin © > sin@=0 = 0=4nr So, magnetic field will be parallel or antiparallel to the velocity of charged particle. le moving in a constant magnetic field and v 1B (6) For a charged pat 2 sad ame Spee, 2 oie @ Ife is accelerated through a potential difference of 10* V, then K. Eofelectron =e Fe yy = meV = Sy TV p= V2meV tt) From (i) & (ii) v2meV = @ 929.1% 10" 1.6% 107" x10 1.6x 107? x0.04 5 28 aaa 84x10 m 64x10Q.16. A wire AB is carrying a steady current of 12 A and is lying on the table. Another wire CD carrying 5 A is held directly above AB at a height of 1 mm. the wire CD so that it remains suspended at its position when left free. Give the direction of the current flowing in CD with respect to that in AB. [Take the value of g = 10 ms") [CBSE (AL) 2013) Ans, Current carrying conductors repel each other, if current flows in the opposite direction. .d the mass per unit length of Repulsion Weight Attraction A a a 7 Current carrying conductors attract each other if current flows in the same direction, Ifwire GD remain suspended above AB then Fpation = Weight By lal eed where r = Separation between the wires Holle (2g = 2X10? x 19%5 ~~ 1x10°3x10 = 12x10 kg/m Current in CD should be in opposite direction to that in AB. Q.17. Two circular loops A and B, each of radius 3 m, are placed coaxially at a distance of 4m. They carry currents of 3 A and 2 A in opposite directions respectively. Find the net magnetic field at the centre of loop A [CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)] Ans. Given, fy =3A,lp=2A x=4m7,=3m,7=3m Magnetic field at centre of A due to A, B= or Magnetic field at centre of A due to B, lak? 7 2@2+R% 206+9% Now, net magnetic field at centre of 4, y7(;_ 18) B= B,-B, = 2" x 10 (1-8 ) = op yoet (125-18 = axxto7 (25) _ 2x07? 107 ""T (outward Tap 34x10" T (outward)Q. 18 The magnitude F of the force between two straight parallel current carrying conductors kept at a distance d apart in air is given by where J, and J; are the currents flowing through the two wires. Use this expression, and the sign convention that the: “Force of attraction is assigned a negative sign and force of repulsion is assigned a positive sign”. Draw graphs showing dependence of F on (@ 1, [z when d is kept constant (ii) d when the product I, Jy is maintained at a constant positive value. (iif) d when the product I; J, is maintained at a constant negative value. [CBSE Sample Paper] [HOTS] Ans. We know that F is an attractive (-ve) force when the currents [, and J, are ‘like’ currems i¢., when the product , [pis positive, Similarly Fis a repulsive (+ve) force when the currents J; and /, are “unlike’ currents, ie., when. the product fy fy is negative Naira owen emiaae esa ric lien il Wkepeaondan fore, have the forms shown below: ‘The required graphs, the | == aD x @ @) (it) Q.19. (@) Briefly explain how a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter. [CBSE 2023 (55/2/1)] (®) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15 0 and it shows full scale deflection for a current of 4 mA. Convert it into an ammeter of range 0 to 6 A. [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)] Ans. (@) By connecting a small resistance called shunt (S) in parallel to coil of the galvanometer. The 1,6 value of § is related to the maximum current (J) to be measured as $= => ; ) Given, G=150 =amig, bk 1,=4x109A So 1=6A | 1,G=(1-1)8 Ln} A ® ¢ ga eo _ set x15 ‘Ammoter ° 6-4x107 = 0.010 The galvanometer can be converted of 0.01 Qin parallel. oammeter of given range by connecting a shunt resistanceQ.20. (a) Briefly explain how a galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter. (0) A voltmeter of a certain range is constructed by connecting a resistance of 980 (in series with a galvanometer, When the resistance of 470 (2 is connected in series, the range gets halved. Find the resistance of the galvanometer. [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)] Ans. (a) A galvanometer may be converted into voltmeter by connecting a high value resistance R in series with coil of the galvano: Vv eter. The value of (R) is related to the maximum voltage (V) 10 be measured as R = , i RR v —2@—wWh— ww RAR oe v Votmatr R,+ 980 ~ 2(R, +470) ® = 2R,+940 = R,+980 = R, = 400 Q.21. A multirange voltmeter can be constructed by using a mh galvanometer circuit as shown in the figure. We want to @}—. Ny construct a voltmeter that can measure 2 V, 20 V and 200 V using a galvanometer of resistance 10 © and that produces maximum deflection for current of | mA. Find the value of Rj, R, and Ry that have to be used. [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE Sample Paper 2018) Ans. Here, G=100,/,= 1m Case @, Vv 5 °} 6090 OFA 2 20v 200 ¥ g= 2, -10=19900=2k2 los Case (i) v (14mg 22, -10 25000-10201 Ry = 20kA-2kN=18k2 Case (it) v= 200V 200 Ry Ry Ry= 5 -10= 200 KO R,=200kQ- 20k = 180k Q Long Answer Questions Each of the following questions are of 5 marks, QL. State and explain Biot-Savart law. Use it to derive an expression for the magnetic field produced at a point near a long current carrying wire. [CBSE 2019 (55/3/1)] Ans. Biot Savart la uppose the current / is flowing in a conductor and there is a small current element ‘ab’ of length Al. According to Biol-Savart the magnetic field (AB) produced due to this, current element at a point P distant r from the element is given by Jalsind 9. 4p = ¥ 1Alsind ez” x 2 ~o ABfx is & constant of proportionality, lt depends on the medium between the current element and point of observation (P). yt is called the permeability of medium. Equation (i) is called Biot-Savart law. The product of current (1) and length element (Al) (ie, 1 Al) is called the current element. Current element is a vector quantity, its direction is along the direction of current. If the conductor be placed in vacuum (or air), then is replaced by ip; where [ip is called the permeability of free space (or air). In S.1. system = 4x X10? weber/ | ampere-metre (or newton/ampere?) Ho Thus ge = 10 As in most cases the medium surrounding the conductor is air, therefore, in general, Biot-Savart law is written as wher weber/ampere x metre The direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane containing current element and the line joining point of observation to current clement. So in vector form the expression for magnetic field takes the form Sim Mi saixr 4 F a Bolw Derivation of formula for magnetic field due to *¢), a current carrying wire using Biot-Savart law: f @ Consider a wire EF carrying current J in upward ew direction. The point of observation is P at a finite 1 oe distance R from the wire. If PM is perpendicular 24 gig gg per dropped from P on wire; then PM = R. The wire may be supposed to be formed of a large number 74 of small eusvent elements. Consider a small element | CD of length 81 ata distance | from M. é e Let ZCPM = 6 @ ®) and CPD = 5,2 PDM The length Al is very small, so that Z2PCM may also be taken equal to 8. a ‘The perpendicular dropped from C on PD is The angle formed between clement 18t and 7(= CP) current element J] atP is (%-®), Therefore according to Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field due to _ Mo FBlsin(t—8) _ Ho 7Blsiné woe me oe 4 or alsin =r Bb :. From equation () perme em SL} Ati) a Pf 4an fFQ2 Ans. Again from fig. R cos cosh = Fay From equation (), Ho Tos $36 4n OR Ifthe wire is of finite length and its ends make angles a and B with line MP, then net magnetic, field (B) at P is obtained by summing over magnetic fields due to all current elements, i a Ho Teosbdg Hol an OR 4anR! 8B B 5 608 bd Hol Hol gaplsin OE = Geplsin a~sinep)] Hol ie, B= Zaplsina+ sinB) This is expression for magnetic field due to current carrying wire of fi length If the wire is of infinite length (or very long), then @ = B= n/2 iil 7 we, oy ah aanling +503) = are (é) State Biot-Savart Law. Using this lav, find an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of N-turns, radius R, carrying current I. [CBSE 2019 (55/1/1), 2023 (55/1/1)) (ii) Sketch the magnetic field for a circular current loop, clearly indicating the direction of the field. [CBSE (F) 2010, Central 2016, 2023 (55/1/1)) », {1+ 1] or B= se (@ Biot-Savart Law: Reler to above question Jonsider a circular coil Magnetic field at the centre of circular loop: of radius R carrying current / in anticlockwise direction. Say, 0 is the centre of coil, at which magnetic field is to be computed. The coil may 4/{ 7 gin be supposed to be formed of a large number of current elements Consider a small current element ‘ai’ of length Al. According to Biot Savart law the magnetic field due to current clement ‘ab’ at centre O is = Ho JAlsin® B= ae ae where @ is angle between current element ab and the line joining the element to the centre 0. Here 8 =90° because current element at each point of circular path is perpendicular to the radius. Therefore magnetic ficld produced at O, due to current clement ab is, According to Maxwell’s right hand rule, the direction of magnetic field at 0 is upward, perpendicular to the plane of coil. The direction of magnetic field due to all current elements is the same. Therefore the resultant magnetic field at the centre will be the sum of magnetic fields due to all current elements. Thus Ho TAL _ Ho 7 BO EAB Dan Re an RE But EA/ = total length of cireular coil = 2aR (lor one-turn) Yo 7 _ Hol HpEoRR oF B= aR 4 2If the coil contains N-turns, then © Al =N. 2x R Hol by NT N2QnR or B 4nR? 2R Here current in the coil is anticlockwise and the direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of coil upward; but if the current in the coil is clockwise, then the direction of magnetic field will be perpendicular to the plane of coil downward. B (ii) Magnetic field lines due to a circular current loop: Q.3. @ Derive an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying circular loop. [CBSE 2019 (55/3/1), 2023 (55/3/1)] OR Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on axial line of a current carrying circular loop. Hence, find magnitude of magnetic field intensity at the centre of circular coil. [CBSE Sample Paper 2020) (ii) Two co-axial circular loops L, and L, of radii 3 cm and 4 cm are placed as shown. What should be the magnitude and direction of the current in the loop L; so that the net magnetic field at the point 0 be zero? Ans. (@) Magnetic field at the axis of a circular loop: Consider a circular loop of radius R carrying current /, with its plane perpendicular to the plane of 4,4! paper. Let P be a point of observation on the axis of > this circular loop at a distance x from its centre 0. Consider a small clement of length di of the coil at | point A. The magnitude of the magnetic induction | 4B at point P due to this element is given by aR Mo ddlsine Rat a= e aticditcedinot lx perpendicilicts che plancconsining'al aad andl wghen by right hand screw rule. As the angle between /d7 and ¥ and is 90°, the magnitude of the magnetic induction dB is given by, Hof disingo® _ Hol dl a PF an? dB =If we consider the magnetic induction produced by the whole of the circular coil, then by symmetry the components of magnetic induction perpendicular to the axis will be cancelled. out, while those parallel to the axis will be added up. Thus the resultant magnetic induction B avaxial point P is along the axis and The component of dB along the axis, _, _ Nyldl s pain an? be evaluated as follows: Butsin a= Sandy = (R? + 2°)!" g_ — tell! Re _ Mok Blk = cl = =e ane 7 ane a(R tS Therefore the magnitude of resultant magnetic induction at axial point P due to the whole Gireular coil is given by #: Hol HoIR BS a nae eh But $ dl = length of the loop = 2nR tl Therefore, B= eae Gak) ee 8. HylR® = _ Hol 5-8 i- ae Atcentre,s = 0,5 = 2 Ifthe coil contains N turns, then ny NIR® 2@t+sae Hn yNla® 2(a? + x) 1a) = 8m, x) =4em, J) =1A (ii) The magnetic field, B Here. Magnetic field at O due to coil L, is Hp X 1 (SX 10%)? 149(9 1074) 2 125 10% f(x 10°)? + 4x 1074)? Magnetic field at 0 due to coil Ly is Here ay = 40cm, x= Sem Hy X1,(4* 10%)* Pa Tax? + exi0y gly x 16 107 - 2x125* 10% For zero magnetic fi Id at O, the currents J, and /, should be in same direction, so current Tg should be in opposite directions and satisfy the condition, B, = By My X9X 1074 Hy, X16 LO 9 2x 195x104 2x 12x10 "7 16Q.4. (@) A straight thick long wire of uniform circular cross-section of radius ‘a’ is carrying a steady current I. The current is uniformly distributed across the cross-section. Use Ampere’s circuital law to obtain a relation showing the variation of the magnetic field (B,) inside and outside the wire with distance r, (r a) of the field point from the centre of its cross-section. What is the magnetic field at the surface of this wire? Plot a graph showing the nature of this variation. (6) Calculate the ratio of magnetic field at a point ie above the surface of the wire to that ata point ; below its surface. What is the maximum value of the field of this wire? (CBSE Delhi 2010; Chennai 2015) Ans. (a) Magnetic field due to a straight thick wire of uniform cross-section: Consider an infinitely long cylindrical wire of radius a, carrying current J. Suppose that the current is uniformly distributed over whole cross-section of the wire. The cross-section of wire is circular. Current per unit cross-sectional area. L old) ra! Magnetic field at external points (r > a): We consider a circular path of radius r (> a) passing through external point P< ~ Crear concentric with circular cross-section of wire. By symmetry the Stender strength of magnetic field at every point of circular path is same and the direction of magnetic field is tangential to path at every P pola. 98 ieiniegial op magaene nad Barend he teealar LC path APT ATT $B .dl= § Bdlcos0® = B2nr 4 Current enclosed by path = Total current on circular cross-section of eylinder By Ampere’s circuital law FRil> pxcamoncenaomany pon Holl = Bom =yyxl = B= se This expression is same as the magnetic field due to a long current carrying straight wire. This shows that for exiernal points the current flowing in wire may be supposed to be concerned atthe axis of cylinder. ( Magnetic Field at Internal Points (r < a) : Consider a circular \ path of radius r ( Baar Clearly, magnetic field strength inside the current carrying wire is directly proportional to distance of the point from the axis of wire.At surface of cylinder r netic field at surface of wire Hol Bs = rq (maximum value) The variation of magnetic field strength (B) with distance (r) from the axis of wire for internal and external points is shown in figure. Hol Hol Hal ©) Bowite = Sep = ay Hol Maximum value of magnetic field is at the surface given by By = 9-0. Q.5. Using Ampere’s circuital law find an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a long solenoid with closely wound turns. [CBSE (F) 2010, 2019(55/2/1)) ‘Ans, Magnetic field due to a current carrying long solenoid: A solenoid is a long wire wound in the form of a close- packed helix, carrying current. To construct a solenoid a get Ne large number of closely packed turns of insulated copper SS wire are wound on a cylindrical tube of card-board or china clay. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, a magnetic field is produced within the solenoid, =llFe If the solenoid is long and the successive insulated copper urns have no gaps, then the magnetic field within the solenoid is uniform; with practically no magnetic field outside it. The reason is that the solenoid may be supposed to be formed of a lange number of circular current elements. The magnetic field due to a circular loop is along its axis, and the current in upper and lower straight parts of solenoid is equal and opposite. Due to this, the magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the axis of solenoid is zero and so the resultant magnetic field is along the axis of the solenoid, If there are ‘n’ number of turns per metre length of solenoid and 7 amperes is the current dyes . flowing, then magnetic field at axis of long solenoid — B= gn! If there are N turns in length lof wire, then HoNT n= or B= Derivation: Consider a symmetrical long solen number of turns per unit length equal to 7. Let / be the current flowing in the solenoid, then by right hand rule, the magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the solenoid. Field outside the solenoid: Consider a closed path abcd. Applying Ampere’s law to this path fF. = x0 Gincasnereurreat exdisend by piakiarnaray As dl40-.B=0 This means that the magnetic field outside the solen Field inside the solenoid: Consider a closed path pgrs The line integral of magnetic field B along path pgrs is fp is zero. Spy Bedi +f B.dt + [Boat + [, Bod fi)Ans. Q7. Ans. Roipash py, Bade areabapiemniedbeaicn, Jj, B.dt = Badl= Bl where, pg =1 (say) For paths gr and sp, Banddl are mutually perpendicular, fB.at J,B.dt= [Bdlcos90" = 0 For path rs, B = 0 (since field is zero outside a solenoid) J,B.di=0 In view of these, equation () gives Jj, B-dl = Bt ii) By Ampere’s law § Bdl= 2, x net current enclosed by path = Bayi (ut) 2 B=yynt Derive an expression for the force acting on a current carrying straight conductor kept in a magnetic field. State the rule which is used to find the direction of this force. Give the condition under which this force is (1) maximum, and (2) minimum. [CBSE 2023 (55/1/1)] Force on a current carrying conductor on the basis of force on a moving charge: Consider a metallic conductor of length Z, cross-sectional area A placed in a uniform magnetic field B and its length makes an angle @ with the direction of magnetic field B. The current in the conductor is 7. According to free electron model of metals, the current in a metal is due to the motion of free electrons. When a conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a force on every free-electron, The sum of forces acting on all electrons is the net force acting on the conductor. If, is the drift velocity of free electrons, then current, [= nedu, where» is number of free electrons per unit volume. © magnetic force on each electron = ev sin 8 Its direction is perpendicular to both ¥, and B Volume of conductor V = AL Therefore, the total number of free electrons in the conductor = nL. ic force on each conductor F = (ev4B sin 0). (nAL) = (nedv,). BL sin 0 Using equation (i), We get F=/BL sin This is the general formula for the force acting on a current carrying conductor. Net magn In vector form, Felix’ (1) Force will be maximum when sin @ = 1 or @ = 90°, That is when length of conductor is perpendicular to magnetic field. @) For minimum, when, sin @ = 0° or @ = 0° or 180° i, when length of conductor is parallel or anti parallel to magnetic field. ‘Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady current I, and Iz separated by a distance d. If the currents are flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field set up in one produces an attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression for this force. Hence define one ampere. [CBSE Dethi 2016) OR Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying conductors. Hence define SI unit of current (ampere). [CBSE (Al) 2009, 2010, 2012, Patna 2015, 2020 (55/3/1)] Suppose two long thin straight conductors (or wires) PQand RS are placed parallel to each other in vacuum (or air) carrying currents / and [y respectively. It has been observed experimentally that when the currents in the wire are in the same direction, they experience an attractive force (fig. a) and when they carry currents in opposite directions, they experience a repulsive force (fig).Let the conductors PQand RS carry currents [, and [yin same direction and placed at separation r. Consider a current-clement ‘ab’ of length AL of wire RS. The magnetic field produced by current-carrying conductor PQ at the location of other wire RS Hoh ei Pp RP R » bh at a agi —rar AL b he th a s a s ® 6 According to Maxwell's right hand rule or right hand palm rule number 1, the direction of B, will be perpendicular to the plane of paper and directed downward. Due to this magnetic field, each clement of other wire experiences a force. The direction of current element is perpendicular to the magnetic field; therefore the magnetic force on element ab of length AL Hoh Oar eal AF = By, ALsin 90° = The total force on conductor of length L will be Hohl toh ly na Pol aay ar Force acting per unit length of conductor According to Fleming's left hand rule, the direction of magnetic force will be towards PQ i., the force will be attractive. On the other hand if the currents J, and Jyin wires repulsive. The magnitude of force in each case remains the same, in opposite directions, the force will be Definition of SI unit of Current (ampere): In SI system of fundamental unit of current ‘ampere! is defined assuming the force between the wo current carrying wires as standard. ing conductors of separation 7 is I, 1A,r= 1m, then Ho f= 2x107Nim ‘Thus 1 ampere is the current which when flowing in each of parallel conductors placed at separation 1 m in vacuum exert a force of 2X 10~7on 1 m length of either wire.Ans. Derive an expression for torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kept in a uniform magnetic field B. Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop. [CBSE Delhi 2013; (F) 2009, 2019 (55/1/1), 2020 (55/1/1)) OR Deduce the expression for the torque t acting on a planar loop of area A and carrying current / placed in a uniform magnetic field B. If the loop is free to rotate, what would be its orientation in stable equilibrium? [CBSE Ajmer 2015) ‘Torque on a current carrying loop: Consider a rectangular loop PRS of length L, breadth & suspended in a uniform magnetic field B . The length of loop = PQ = RS= Land breadth QR SP = b. Let at any instant the normal to the plane of loop make an angle @ with the direction of magnetic field B and / be the current in the loop. We know that a force aets on a current carrying wire placed in a magnetic field. Therefore, cach side of the loop will experience a force. The net force and torque acting on the loop will be y determined by the forces acting on all sides of the loop. Fy Perret kegs Suppose that the forces on sides PQ, QR, RS and SP are F\,Fo, Fs and F respectively. The sides QR and SP Ci e 73 make angle (90° 8) with the direction of magnetic fied. Therefore each of the forces Fa and F acting on these sides has same magnitude F* = Bld sin (90°- 8) = Blb cos 6, According to Fleming's left hand rule the forces F, andA, arc equal and opposite but their line of action, is same. Therefore these forces cancel each other é., the resultant of Fz and F is zero. The sides PQ and RS of current loop are perpendicular to the magnetic field, therefore the magnitude of each of forces F, and F; is F=1B sin 90°=IB. According to Fleming's left hand rule the forces F, and Fs acting on sides PQ and RS are cqual and opposite, but their lines of action are dillerent; therefore the resultant force of F, and Fs is zero, but they form a couple called the deflecting couple. When the normal to plane of loop makes an angle with the direction of magnetic field the perpendicular distance between F and Fis b sin @. Moment of couple or Torque, Fi 1 = (Magnitude of one force F) x perpendicular distance =(BI). (b sin 0) = 1 () B sin But lb = area of loop =A (say) Torque, + = IAB sin ® Ifthe loop contains N-wurns, then t = NI AB sin @ In vector form T= NIA xB The magnetic dipole moment of rectangular current loop = M = NIA T=MxB Direction of torque is perpendicular wo direction of area of loop as well as the direction of magnetic field i., along 1A XB. The current loop would be in stable equilibrium, if magnetic dipole moment is in the direction of the magnetic field (B).Ans. Draw the labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Prove that in a radial magnetic field, the deflection of the coil is directly proportional to the current flowing in the coil. [CBSE (F) 2012] oR (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Describe briefly its principle and working. (®) Answer the following: (i) Why is it necessary to introduce a cylindrical soft iron core inside the coil of a galvanometer? (ii) Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer may not necessarily increase its voltage sensitivity. Explain, giving reason. [CBSE (AI) 2014) oR Explain, using a labelled diagram, the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. What is the function of (2) uniform radial magnetic field, (d) soft iron core? Define the terms (i) current sensitivity and (ii) voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Why does increasing the current sensitivity not necessarily increase voltage sensitivity? [CBSE Allahabad 2015, 2019 (55/1/2)] © Moving coil galvanometer: A galvanometer is used to detect current in a circuit. Construction: It consists of a rectangular coil wound on a non-conducting metallic frame and is suspended by phosphor bronze strip between the pole-pieces (N and $) of a strong permanent magnet. A soft iron core in cylindrical form is placed between the coil One end of coil is attached to suspension wire which also serves as one terminal (7) of galvanometer. The other end of coil is connected to a loosely coiled strip, which serves as the other terminal (7,). The other end of the suspension is attached to a torsion head which can be rotated to set the coil in zero position. A mirror (M) is fixed on the phosphor bronze strip by means of which the deflection of the coil is measured by the lamp and scale arrangement. The levelling screws are also provided at the base of the instrument. The pole pieces of the permanent magnet are cylindrical so that the magnetic field is radial at any position of the coil BE: espns i ou pM ot ses [ aa bab \ ny wets St |s : ez 5! aide ® » © ore ines force of radial magnetic eld Principle and working: When current (/) is passed in the coil, torque t acts on the coil, given by ‘T =NIAB sin 8 where 0 is the angle between the normal to plane of coil and the magnetic field of strength B,N is the number of turns in a coil. A current carrying coil, in the presence of a magnetic fi produces proportionate deflection. id, experiences a torque, which ie, Deflection, 6 « t (Torque)Ans. Draw the labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Prove that in a radial magnetic field, the deflection of the coil is directly proportional to the current flowing in the coil. [CBSE (F) 2012] oR (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Describe briefly its principle and working. (®) Answer the following: (i) Why is it necessary to introduce a cylindrical soft iron core inside the coil of a galvanometer? (ii) Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer may not necessarily increase its voltage sensitivity. Explain, giving reason. [CBSE (AI) 2014) oR Explain, using a labelled diagram, the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. What is the function of (2) uniform radial magnetic field, (d) soft iron core? Define the terms (i) current sensitivity and (ii) voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Why does increasing the current sensitivity not necessarily increase voltage sensitivity? [CBSE Allahabad 2015, 2019 (55/1/2)] © Moving coil galvanometer: A galvanometer is used to detect current in a circuit. Construction: It consists of a rectangular coil wound on a non-conducting metallic frame and is suspended by phosphor bronze strip between the pole-pieces (N and $) of a strong permanent magnet. A soft iron core in cylindrical form is placed between the coil One end of coil is attached to suspension wire which also serves as one terminal (7) of galvanometer. The other end of coil is connected to a loosely coiled strip, which serves as the other terminal (7,). The other end of the suspension is attached to a torsion head which can be rotated to set the coil in zero position. A mirror (M) is fixed on the phosphor bronze strip by means of which the deflection of the coil is measured by the lamp and scale arrangement. The levelling screws are also provided at the base of the instrument. The pole pieces of the permanent magnet are cylindrical so that the magnetic field is radial at any position of the coil BE: espns i ou pM ot ses [ aa bab \ ny wets St |s : ez 5! aide ® » © ore ines force of radial magnetic eld Principle and working: When current (/) is passed in the coil, torque t acts on the coil, given by ‘T =NIAB sin 8 where 0 is the angle between the normal to plane of coil and the magnetic field of strength B,N is the number of turns in a coil. A current carrying coil, in the presence of a magnetic fi produces proportionate deflection. id, experiences a torque, which ie, Deflection, 6 « t (Torque)When the magnetic field is radial, as in the case of cylindrical pole pieces and soft iron core, then in every position of coil the plane of the coil, is parallel to the magnetic field lin that 9 =90° and sin 90°=1, The coil experiences a uniform coupler. Deflecting torque, t = NIAB If C is the torsional rigidity of the wire and_is the twist of suspension strip, then restoring torque = C6 For equilibrium, deflecting torque ie. NIAB = C6 NAB §-"¢ ie, O |Bi|, which of the wo protons will describe the circular path of smaller radius? Explain. [CBSE 2019 (55/5/1))12. Consider the current (J) carrying circular coil placed in ¥Z plane with its centre at the origin. Derive expression for the value of magnetic field due wo it at point (x, 0,0). [BSE 2020 (55/1/1)] 18. Show that a current carrying solenoid behaves like a small bar magnet. Obtain the expression for the magnetic field at an external point lying on its axis. [CBSE 2020 (55/4/1)] 14. (a) Depiet the magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop showing the direction of field lines. (®) A current /is flowing in a conductor placed along the x-axis as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to a small current element df lying at the origin at points (#) (0, d, 0) and (#) (0, 0, d) [CBSE 2020 (55/4/3)] 15. A proton, a deuteron and an alpha partide, are accelerated through the same potential difference and then subjected to a uniform magnetic field, perpendicular to the direction of their motions. Compare (i) their kinetic energies, and (i) if the radius of the circular path described by deuteron is 5 om, determine the radii of the paths described by proton and alpha particle. 16, An electron and a proton enter a region of uniform magnetic perpendicular direction (fig.) eld B with uniform speed v in a (@ Show the trajectories followed by wwo particles. (ii) What is the ratio of the radii of the circular paths of electron to proton? [CBSE (F) 2010), 17, Write the expression for the magnetic moment (I) due to a planar square loop of side T carrying a steady current [in a vector form. In the given figure this loop is placed in a horizontal plane near a long straight conductor carrying a steady current J, at a distance Las shown. Give reasons to explain that the loop will experience a net force but no torque. Write the expression for this force acting on the loop. [HOTSICBSE Delhi 2010)18. Ina chamber a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G (1 G = 10“ 1) is maintained. An electron is shot into the field with a speed of 4.8 10° ms“ normal to the field. Explain why the path of electron isa circle, Determine the radius of the circular orbit. (¢ =1.6% 107! C, m = 9.1 x 10°! kg). INCERT] 19. Two moving coil meters M, and My have the following particulars: R, = 100,N, = 30, A, = 3.6 x 107% m’, B, = 0.25T 14.0, N, = 42, Ay = 1.8 x 10% m*, By = 0.50T. (The spring constants are identical for the two meters) Determine the ratio of (@) current sensitivity and (#) voltage sensitivity of My and M., [NCERT] 20. (a) Stave and explain the law used w determine magnetic field at a point due w a current clement. Derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular current carrying loop of radi SF aL its centre, (®) A long wire with a small current element of length 1 cm is placed at the origin and carries a current of 10 Aalong the X-axis, Find out the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to the element on the ¥-axis at a distance 0.5 m from it. 21. (a) Derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a current carrying coil of radius r at a distance x from the centre along the X-axis. ©) A straight wire carrying a current of 5 A is bent into a semicircular arc of radius 2 cm as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at the centre of the are. ff N 22. A long straight wire carries a current of $5 A. What is the magnitude of magnetic field B at a point 20 cm from the wire? [NCERT] 23. _() Write the principle and explain the working ofa moving coil galvanometer. A galvanometer as such cannot be used to measure the current in a circuit. Why? 1g coll galvanometer? How is it achieved? Gi) Why is the magnetic field made radial in a mo [CBSE 2025 (55/3/1)) Answers LO® OH Gi) @) oo 2 @) (a) (i) @) 8. Zero 5.12% 1097 6. 3.14 x 10-4 T 7.2.x 108N 9. 20 x 102N, repulsive 1. @11:2 @ = om, Sem 18. 42cm 19 (@14 6) 1 20. (6) 4 x 108 21.) 785x108 T 2.8.5 x 10° T