EXPERIMENT 9

Aim: 9. To design multi-vibrators using IC 555: (a) monostable (b) astable.

Apparatus required: Resistors, capacitors, 555 timer

Theory:
mini-Dsin-line Package (DIP) device
The single 555 Timer chip in its basic form is a Bipolar 8-pin two
25 transistors, 2 diodes and about
16 resistors arranged to form
consisting of some
the 555 Timer
as shown below. As well as
comparators, a flip-flop and a high current output stage
combines TWO individual 555's within
a
there is also available the NE556 Timer Oscillator which
7555
Single 14-pin DIP
package and low power CMOS versions single 555 timer such as the
ofthe
and LMC555 which use MOSFET transistors instead.
A monostable multivibrator (MMV) often called a one-shot multivibrator, is a pulse generator
circuit in which the duration of the pulse is determ ined by the
R-C network, connected externally
stable while the other is quasi-stable
to the 555 timer. In such a vibrator, one state of output is
state to stable state energy is stored
(unstable). For auto-triggering of output from quasi-stable
reference level. The time taken in storage
by an externally connected capaci-tor C to a state is
stable state to quasi-stable
determines the pulse width. The transition of output from
accom-plished by external triggering.
used
Regenerative switching circuits such Astable Multivibrators are the most commonly
as
reliable and ease of construction
type of relaxation oscillator because not only are they simple,
waveform. Unlike the Monostable
they also produce a constant square wave output
"external" trigger pulse for their
Multivibrator or the Bistable Multivibrator that require an
built in triggering which switches it
operation, the Astable Multivibrator has automatic
continuously between its two unstable states both set and reset.

transistor switching circuit that has

The Astable Multivibrator is another type of cross-coupled
other all the time. The astable circuit
NO stable output states as it changes from one state to the
consists of two switching transistors, a cross-coupled feedback network, and two time delay
states with external triggering to produce
capacitors which allows oscillation between the two
no

the change in state.

Asimplified "block diagram' representing the

internal circuitry ofthe 555 timer is given belowwith
abriefexplanationofeachofitsconnectingpinstohelpprovideaclearerunderstandingofhowit

works
rail.
.Pin 1.-Ground, The ground pin connects the 555 timerto the negative (0v) supply
No 1. A negative pulse on this pin "sets" the
- Pin 2.- Trigger, The negative input comparator
to
below 1/3Vcc causing the outputtoswitch from a "LOW
internal Flip-flop when the voltage drops
to a "HIGH"state.

TTL circuit and is capable of sourcing or sinking upto

Pin 3.-Output, The output pin can drive any
200mA ofcurrentatan output voltage equalto
approximately Vcc-1.5Vso small speakers, LEDs or
to the output.
motors can be connected directly

-
Pin 4,-Reset, This pin is
used to"reset"the internal Flip-flop controlling the state of the output,
and is generally connected to a logic "1" level when not used to
pin 3, This is an active-low input
of the output.
prevent any unwanted resetting 63
Pin 5,-Control Voltage, This pin contrale the timing cf the 566 ty ceridingthe 2/oveneve c
the voltage divider network. By applying a vottage to this pin the width of the cutput sigealcan te
varied independently of the RC timing network. When notuseditisconnectedtoground vaa10nf
capacitor to eliminate anynoise.

Pin 6,-Threshold, The positive input to comparator No 2. This pinisused to reset the Fip-Aop
when the voltage applied to it exceeds 2/3Vcc causing the output to swwitch from "Hir" to "LOW
state. This pin connects directhy to the RC timing circult.

Pin 7,-Discharge, The discharge pin is connected directyto the Callector of an internal NP
transistor which is used to "discharge" the timing capacitor to ground when the output at pin 3
switches LOW
Pin 8, -Supply +Vcc, This is the power supply pin and for general purpose TTL 565 tienesis
between 4.5V and 15V.

Circuit diagram

5kO 5k
Cround W T V W - v e s Seczey

NPN
Trigger2 7 Dischare

Output3 5Threshld
Flip-ficp
Output
Driver
Conteol
Reset4 5Vdtage Pulse
NES55 Timer
apacitor
R1 Voltage, Vc
R 555
Monostable
Monostabie
Outpaut
oUT 3

te1.1R1C1
Negative
Trigger start
Pulse
C13 02
0.014F
B4
V

V1 tk R1

X1
VCC
TRIGOER
ARESET
5 CONTROL
OUTPUT
R2 THRESHOLD
ww DISCHAROE 10K
R3
100k GND
555D

0.01u
c2 C1
10u

Vcc (-5 to 15V)

R1

Discharge
555
JUUL
Astable Vcc
Nc
Capactor
Voltage
Astable Output
Vcc
Trigger Vout
Threshold

JUUL
Output
Voltage

c2
0.014F OV

65
 6Ves.o
RI R2 R3 RA
Output Output 2

UUL

TR TR
NPN NPN
C1-C2 ad R2-RO
OVO
Periodic Time, T +t,
0.69C, R
t 0.69C, R,

Periodic Time, where, R is in Ohm and C in Farads

Fig. Astable Multivibrator and te

Worksheet of the student

Performance: 2oo)22
Date of
Registration Number: 121e638
monostable (b) astable.
Aim: 0. To design multi-vibrators using IC 555: (a)

Act able
Calculations: 1omostoLle c00CRA +R8)
o01(1ol KloS) (o1 xIo
c1xlO x(o'*o (Xto. 'sec
MSec (ns h d 0 6 (k@JC)
Xo b69 CooXI')(o1 x(o

ttcttd tu oms
to 3?1ver

Result and Discussion:

He obSove f e tmc Constoul monactalble mulhobr

S te- (oMg
(o:1*o X5MS 66
2A5S