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1.assignment On CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure performed when a person's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. It involves chest compressions to pump blood to vital organs and rescue breathing to provide oxygen until further medical treatment can restore normal heart function. The key purposes of CPR are to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to the brain and heart. It is indicated when someone experiences cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest due to conditions like heart attack, drowning, or drug overdose. CPR procedures include opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, performing chest compressions, and using a defibrillator to restore a normal heart rhythm.

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2K views

1.assignment On CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure performed when a person's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. It involves chest compressions to pump blood to vital organs and rescue breathing to provide oxygen until further medical treatment can restore normal heart function. The key purposes of CPR are to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to the brain and heart. It is indicated when someone experiences cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest due to conditions like heart attack, drowning, or drug overdose. CPR procedures include opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, performing chest compressions, and using a defibrillator to restore a normal heart rhythm.

Uploaded by

santosh kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

INTRODUCTION:-

 Sudden death occurs when heartbeat and breathing stops


suddenly or unexpectedly. The major role of CPR is to
provide oxygen to heart, brain, and the other vital organ until
medical treatment in advance cardiac life support-ACLS) can
restore normal heart action.
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving
technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack
or near drowning, in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat
has stopped.

DEFINITION:-

According to Angela Morrow RN, “Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure used


when a patient’s heart stops beating and breathing stops. It can involve compressions of the
chest or electrical shocks along with rescue breathing.

Mosby Medical dictionary, “CPR is a basic life emergency procedure for life support for
oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment can restore
normal heart and ventilator action.”

PURPOSES OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION:-

 To maintain an open and clear airway (A)


 To maintain breathing by external ventilation (B)
 To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac massages ©
 To save life of the patient
 To provide basic life support till medical and advanced life support arrives.

INDICATIONS:-

 Cardiac arrest
 Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
 Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
 Asystole
 Pulse less electrical activity

 Respiratory arrest
 This may be result of following
 Drowning
 Stroke
 Foreign body in throat
 Smoke inhalation
 Drug overdose
 Suffocation
 Accident, injury
 Coma
 Epiglottis paralysis

PRINCIPLES OF CPR:-

 To restore effective circulation and ventilation


 To prevent irreversible cerebral damage due to anoxia.
When the heart fails to maintain the cerebral circulation
for approximately four minutes the brain may suffer
irreversible damage.

WARNING SIGNS OF CARDIO PULMONARY ARREST:-

Early signs:

Loss of consciousness and convulsions

Late signs:

Apnoea

Dilated pupils

Absence of heart sounds

Other signs:

Changes in respiratory rate

A weak or irregular pulse

Bradycardia

Cyanosis

Hypothermia

CPR PROCEDURE:-

EQUIPMENTS:

1. Ambu bag and masks with different size


2. Oropharyngeal airways
3. Endotracheal tubes of appropriate size and stillet
4. Paediatric laryngoscope with straight [miller] and curved [McIntosh] blade-
Appropriate sizes
5. Suction apparatus
6. NG tube
7. IV equipment’s fluids
8. Pulse-oxymetry
9. Oxygen sources
10. Automated external defibrillator
11. Emergency drugs
12. Cardiac monitor

STEPS FOR CPR:

 Airway: -Maintaining am open airway


 Breathing: - Providing artificial ventilation by rescue breathing.
 Circulation: - Promoting artificial circulation by external cardiac compression.
 Defibrillation: - Restoring the heartbeat.

CHECK RESPONSE:-

Shake shoulders gently

Ask “are you all right?”

If he responds

 Leave as you find him.


 Find out what is wrong.
 Reassess regularly.

(A) AIRWAY:-
 Head tilt chin lift manoeuvre.
 Jaw thrust manoeuvre.

Head tilt chin lift manoeuvre: While pushing back on the forehead, use your other hand to
lift the chin forward.

Jaw thrust manoeuvre: If you suspect the victim has a neck injury, place your hands
alongside the cheeks and pull the face toward you with your index fingers.

(B) BREATHING:-Look, listen and feel for breathing and pulse.

Method:

 Mouth to mouth ventilation


 Mouth to mask ventilation

 Bag mask ventilation


(C) CIRCULATION:-
Chest Compression:
Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest
Place other hand on top
Interlock fingers
Compress the chest
 Rate 100 min
 Depth 3-5cm (1.5 to 2 inches)
 Equal compression: relaxation
When possible change CPR operator every 2 min.
(D) DIFIBRILLATION:-
Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric shock to the
heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat, and restore the normal heart
rhythm.
Defibrillation is a common treatment for life threatening cardiac
dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, and pulse less ventricular tachycardia.
Strategies:
Test defibrillator for
 Full battery charge
 Switch on power button
 Change paddle mode

STEPS:

 Switch on
 Select paddle mode
 Assess rhythm
 Press paddles firmly over the chest
 Deliver the shock
 Resume cpr

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS:-

 Coronary vessel injury


 Diaphragm injury
 Hemopericardium
 Hemothorax
 Interference with ventilation
 Liver injury
 Myocardial injury
 Pneumothorax
 Rib fracture
 Spleen injury
 Sternal fracture

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-

ADRENALINE: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the main drug used during resuscitation from
cardiac arrest.

ATROPINE: Atropine as a single dose of 3mg is sufficient to block vagal tone completely
and should be used once in cases of asystole. It is also indicated for symptomatic bradycardia
in a dose of 0.5mg-1mg.

AMIODARONE: It is an antiarrhythmic drug.

NURSING MANAGEMENT:-

 Maintain airway patency with use of airway adjuncts as required (suction, high flow
oxygen with O2 or bag valve mask ventilation).
 Assist with intubation and securing of ETT
 Inserts gastric tube and/or facilitates gastric decompression post intubation as
required.
 Assists with ongoing management of airway patency and adequate ventilation
 Supports less experienced staff by coaching/ guidance e.g. drug preparation
 If a shockable rhythm is present (VF/VT) ensure manual defibrillator pads are applied
and connected
 If CPR is in progress, prepare and independently double check and lable 3 doses of
adrenaline
 Prepare and administer IV fluids
 Document medications administered (including time).

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