Prepared By: Assistant Prof.

Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech) 1

Syllabus: Module 5

10/12/2023 R. N. G, Patel Institute of Technology

 Virtualization is a technique how to separate a service from the underlying physical delivery

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

of that service
 It is the process of creating a virtual version of something like computer hardware

 It was initially developed during the mainframe era

 It involves using specialized software to create a virtual or software-created version of a

computing resource rather than the actual version of the same resource
 With the help of Virtualization, multiple operating systems and applications can run on the
same machine and its same hardware at the same time, increasing the utilization and
flexibility of hardware

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 In other words, one of the main cost-effective, hardware-reducing, and energy-saving

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

techniques used by cloud providers is virtualization
 Virtualization allows sharing of a single physical instance of a resource or an application
among multiple customers and organizations at one time
 It does this by assigning a logical name to physical storage and providing a pointer to that
physical resource on demand
 The term virtualization is often synonymous with hardware virtualization, which plays a
fundamental role in efficiently delivering Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solutions for
cloud computing
 Moreover, virtualization technologies provide a virtual environment for not only executing
applications but also for storage, memory, and networking

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 Host machine: The machine on which the virtual machine is going to be built is known as

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

host machine.
 Guest machine: The virtual machine is referred to as a guest machine

 Work of virtualization in cloud computing:

 Virtualization has a prominent impact on cloud computing. In the case of cloud computing,
users store data in the cloud, but with the help of virtualization, users have the extra
benefit of sharing the infrastructure
 Cloud vendors take care of the required physical resources, but these cloud providers
charge a huge amount for these services which impacts every user or organization
 Virtualization helps users or organizations in maintaining those services which are
required by a company through external (third-party) people, which helps in reducing
costs to the company
 This is the way through which virtualization works in cloud computing

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 Benefits of Virtualization:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
 Enhance development productivity.
 It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
 Remote access and rapid scalability.
 High availability and disaster recovery.
 Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
 Enables running multiple operating systems

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 Drawback of virtualization:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 High initial investment: Clouds have a very high initial investment, but it is also true that
it will help in reducing the cost of companies.
 Learning new infrastructure: As the companies shifted from servers to cloud, it requires
highly skilled staff who have skills to work with the cloud easily, and for this, you have to
hire new staff or provide training to current staff.
 Risk of data: Hosting data on third-party resources can lead to putting the data at risk, it
has the chance of getting attacked by any hacker or cracker very easily

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 Characteristics of virtualization:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Increased security: The ability to control the execution of a guest program in a
completely transparent manner opens new possibilities for delivering a secure,
controlled execution environment. All the operations of the guest programs are generally
performed against the virtual machine, which then translates and applies them to the host
programs.
 Managed execution: In particular, sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation are the
most relevant features.
 Sharing: Virtualization allows the creation of a separate computing environment within
the same host.
 Aggregation: It is possible to share physical resources among several guests, but
virtualization also allows aggregation, which is the opposite process

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 Types of virtualization:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Application Virtualization
 Network Virtualization
 Desktop Virtualization
 Storage Virtualization
 Server Virtualization
 Data virtualization

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 Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)
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  Application virtualization: Application virtualization helps a user to have remote access

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

to an application from a server. The server stores all personal information and other
characteristics of the application but can still run on a local workstation through the
internet. An example of this would be a user who needs to run two different versions of
the same software. Technologies that use application virtualization are hosted applications
and packaged applications
 Network virtualization: The ability to run multiple virtual networks with each having a
separate control and data plan. It co-exists together on top of one physical network. It can
be managed by individual parties that are potentially confidential to each other. Network
virtualization provides a facility to create and provision virtual networks, logical switches,
routers, firewalls, load balancers, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and workload security
within days or even weeks

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 Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)
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  Desktop virtualization: Desktop virtualization allows the users’ OS to be remotely stored

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

on a server in the data center. It allows the user to access their desktop virtually, from any
location by a different machine. Users who want specific operating systems other than
Windows Server will need to have a virtual desktop. The main benefits of desktop
virtualization are user mobility, portability, and easy management of software installation,
updates, and patches
 Storage virtualization: Storage virtualization is an array of servers that are managed by a
virtual storage system. The servers aren’t aware of exactly where their data is stored and
instead function more like worker bees in a hive. It makes managing storage from
multiple sources be managed and utilized as a single repository. storage virtualization
software maintains smooth operations, consistent performance, and a continuous suite of
advanced functions despite changes, breaks down, and differences in the underlying
equipment

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  Server virtualization: This is a kind of virtualization in which the masking of server

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

resources takes place. Here, the central server (physical server) is divided into multiple
different virtual servers by changing the identity number, and processors. So, each
system can operate its operating systems in an isolated manner. Where each sub-server
knows the identity of the central server. It causes an increase in performance and reduces
the operating cost by the deployment of main server resources into a sub-server
resource. It’s beneficial in virtual migration, reducing energy consumption, reducing
infrastructural costs, etc

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 Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)
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  Data virtualization: This is the kind of virtualization in which the data is collected from

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

various sources and managed at a single place without knowing more about the technical
information like how data is collected, stored & formatted then arranged that data
logically so that its virtual view can be accessed by its interested people and
stakeholders, and users through the various cloud services remotely. Many big giant
companies are providing their services like Oracle, IBM, At scale, Cdata, etc
 Uses of virtualization:
 Data-integration
 Business-integration
 Service-oriented architecture data-services
 Searching organizational data

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 Cloud architecture is a key element of building in the cloud. It refers to the layout and

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

connects all the necessary components and technologies required for cloud computing
 Cloud architecture dictates how components are integrated so that you can pool, share, and
scale resources over a network. Think of it as a building blueprint for running and deploying
applications in cloud environments
 Cloud architecture refers to how various cloud technology components, such as hardware,
virtual resources, software capabilities, and virtual network systems interact and connect to
create cloud computing environments
 It acts as a blueprint that defines the best way to strategically combine resources to build
a cloud environment for a specific business need

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 Cloud architecture components:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 A frontend platform: In cloud computing, frontend platforms contain the client
infrastructure; user interfaces, client-side applications, and the client device or network
that enables users to interact with and access cloud computing services
 For example, you can open the web browser on your mobile phone and edit a Google
Doc. All three of these things describe frontend cloud architecture components
 A backend platform: On the other hand, the back end refers to the cloud architecture
components that make up the cloud itself, including computing resources, storage,
security mechanisms, management, and more

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  Backend components:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Application: The backend software or application the client is accessing from the
front end to coordinate or fulfill client requests and requirements
 Service: The service is the heart of cloud architecture, taking care of all the tasks
being run on a cloud computing system
 It manages which resources you can access, including storage, application
development environments, and web applications
 Runtime cloud: Runtime cloud provides the environment where services are run,
acting as an operating system that handles the execution of service tasks and
management
 Runtimes use virtualization technology to create hypervisors that represent all
your services, including apps, servers, storage, and networking

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  Storage: The storage component in the back end is where data to operate

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

applications is stored
 While cloud storage options vary by provider, most cloud service providers offer
flexible scalable storage services that are designed to store and manage vast
amounts of data in the cloud
 Storage may include hard drives, solid-state drives, or persistent disks in server
bays
 Infrastructure: Infrastructure is probably the most commonly known component of
cloud architecture. In fact, you might have thought that cloud infrastructure is cloud
architecture
 However, cloud infrastructure comprises all the major hardware components that
power cloud services, including the CPU, graphics processing unit (GPU), network
devices, and other hardware components needed for systems to run smoothly
 Infrastructure also refers to all the software needed to run and manage everything

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  Management: Cloud service models require that resources be managed in real

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

time according to user requirements
 It is essential to use management software, also known as middleware, to
coordinate communication between the backend and frontend cloud architecture
components and allocate resources for specific tasks
 Beyond middleware, management software will also include capabilities for usage
monitoring, data integration, application deployment, and disaster recovery
 Security: As more organizations continue to adopt cloud computing, implementing
cloud security features and tools is critical to securing data, applications, and
platforms
 It’s essential to plan and design data security and network security to provide
visibility, prevent data loss and downtime, and ensure redundancy
 This may include regular backups, debugging, and virtual firewalls

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  A cloud-based delivery model: IaaS, Paas, Saas

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 A network (internet, intranet, or intercloud): A network is used to connect the frontend
and backend cloud architecture components, enabling data to be sent back and forth
between them. When users interact with the front end (or client-side interface), it sends
queries to the back end using middleware where the service model carries out the
specific task or request

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 How does cloud architecture work?

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 In cloud architecture, each of the components works together to create a cloud computing
platform that provides users with on-demand access to resources and services
 The back end contains all the cloud computing resources, services, data storage, and
applications offered by a cloud service provider
 A network is used to connect the frontend and backend cloud architecture components,
enabling data to be sent back and forth between them
 When users interact with the front end (or client-side interface), it sends queries to the
back end using middleware where the service model carries out the specific task or
request

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  The types of services available to use vary depending on the cloud-based delivery model

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

or service model you have chosen
 There are three main cloud computing service models:
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): This model provides on-demand access to cloud
infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and networking. This eliminates the need to
procure, manage, and maintain on-premises infrastructure.
 Platform as a service (PaaS): This model offers a computing platform with all the
underlying infrastructure and software tools needed to develop, run, and manage
applications.
 Software as a service (SaaS): This model offers cloud-based applications that are
delivered and maintained by the service provider, eliminating the need for end users
to deploy software locally

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 Cloud architecture layers: A simpler way of understanding how cloud architecture works is

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

to think of all these components as various layers placed on top of each other to create a
cloud platform.
 Here are the basic cloud architecture layers:
 Hardware: The servers, storage, network devices, and other hardware that power the
cloud.
 Virtualization: An abstraction layer that creates a virtual representation of physical
computing and storage resources. This allows multiple applications to use the same
resources.
 Application and service: This layer coordinates and supports requests from the frontend
user interface, offering different services based on the cloud service model, from
resource allocation to application development tools to web-based applications

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 Types of cloud architecture:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Public cloud
 Private cloud
 Hybrid cloud
 Community cloud
 Multi-cloud

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 Benefits of cloud architecture:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Cost-effective: Instead of investing upfront costs for servers, you can opt to use the
infrastructure of a cloud service provider. Dynamic provisioning allows you to further
optimize spending by paying only for the computing resources you use
 Faster time to market: You no longer need to wait to procure, set up, and configure
computing infrastructure. Cloud architectures enable you to get up and running fast, so
you spend more time focusing on developing and delivering new products
 Scalability: Cloud architectures give you more flexibility to scale computing resources
up (or down) based on your infrastructure requirements. You can easily scale to meet
higher demand, whether from growth or seasonal spikes in traffic

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  Accelerated transformation: Cloud-native architectures like Kubernetes let you make

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

the most of cloud services and automated environments to speed up modernization and
drive digital transformation
 More innovation: Cloud architectures allow you to leverage the latest technologies for
storage, security, analytics, and AI like machine learning
 High availability: Applications run and managed on cloud architectures benefit from
high-performance computing resources that ensure continuous availability, regardless of
fluctuating loads
 Strong security: Cloud service providers consistently upgrade and improve their
security mechanisms with expert professionals and the latest technologies to help secure
your data, systems, and workloads

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 Top cloud service providers:

Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)

 Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 Microsoft Azure
 Google Cloud
 Alibaba Cloud
 IBM Cloud
 Oracle
 Salesforce
 SAP
 Rackspace Cloud
 VMWare

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 Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)
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 Assistant Prof. Purvaj Piyush Vaidya (MTech)
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