DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARINAS

Dasmarinas, Cavite
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Name : _Noah Sibulo_____________ Date Started : __________

Course-Year &Section : __________ Date Completed: __________
No. of Hours Required : ____2.5___ Date Due : __________
Rating : __________

Experiment 5

DELTA () — WYE (Y) TRANSFORMATION OF RESISTIVE NETWORKS

OBJECTIVE:

• To study the transformation of a delta-connected load to wye-connected load, or vice versa.

BASIC CONCEPTS:

The solution of electric networks having a considerable number of elements, or

branches, may become much involved owing to the large number of simultaneous
equations which must be solved. In many cases such networks may be reduced to very
simple circuits by successively replacing delta meshes with star systems, and vice versa.
So far as the respective three terminals are concerned, any delta system of passive
resistors may be replaced by an equivalent 3-terminal star, or wye, system. in similar
manner, the 3-terminal star system may be replaced by an equivalent delta system.
(Dawes, 1975: 87-89)

Delta System Replaced by Star System. In fig. I(a) is shown a delta system
consisting of three resistors, R12, R23, and R31, the three terminats being 1, 2, and 3. In (b)
is shown a star system consisting of three resistor members, R1, R2, and R3, which
connect, respectively, to terminals 1/ 2, and 3. Let it be required to find the values of R 1,
28
R2, and R3 which will make the star system in (b) equivalent to the delta system in (a) so
far as the terminals 1, 2, and 3 are concerned.

Fig. 1 Delta-Wye Transformation

In (b) the resistance between terminals 1 and 2 is R1 + R2 . In (a) the resistance between
terminals 1 and 2 consists of R12 in parallel with R31 and R23 in series. Hence,

𝑅12 (𝑅31 + 𝑅23 )

𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = (I)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31

In similar manner, for terminals 2 and 3, and terminals 3 and 1,

𝑅23 (𝑅12 +𝑅31 ) 𝑅31 (𝑅23 + 𝑅12 )

𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = (II) and 𝑅3 + 𝑅1 = (III)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31

There are now three unknowns and three equations, (1), (2) and (3). Solving these
equations simultaneously gives

𝑅12 𝑅31 𝑅23 𝑅12 𝑅31 𝑅23

𝑅1 = (1) ; 𝑅2 = (2) ; 𝑅3 = (3)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31

for simplicity, let Rn = R12 + R23 + R31

29
 Star System Replaced by Delta System. The conversion of the star system to the delta
system is quite readily made by the use of (1), (2), and (3). First let

Ro = R1R2 + R2 R3 + R3R1 (IV)

Multiplying (1) by (2), (2) by (3) and (3) by (1), and then adding, gives

2 𝑅 𝑅 + 𝑅 𝑅 2 𝑅 +𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 2
𝑅12 23 31 12 23 31 12 23 31
R1R2 + R2 R3 + R3R1 = (V)
(𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 )2

From (IV) and (V),

2 𝑅 𝑅 + 𝑅 𝑅 2 𝑅 +𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 2
𝑅12 23 31 12 23 31 12 23 31
Ro =
(𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 )2

then,
Ro (𝑅12 + 𝑅23 + 𝑅31 )
𝑅12 =
𝑅23 𝑅31

From (3), R23R31 = R3(R12+R23+R31)

Hence,
Ro (𝑅12 + 𝑅23 + 𝑅31 )
𝑅12 =
𝑅3 (𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅31 )

𝑅0
R12 = (4)
𝑅3
In similar manner,
𝑅0 𝑅0
R23 = (5) ; and R31 = (6)
𝑅1 𝑅2

INSTRUMENT AND MATERIALS NEEDED:

• fixed DC source
• ammeters
• voltmeter
• known resistors
• DPST switch
• connecting wires

30
PROCEDURE:

Part 1: Delta-to-Wye Transformation

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 5.1 Leave the switch open until your instructor checked the
connections.
2. Mark the junctions of the circuit as 1, 2, and 3.
3. Read the voltmeter and ammeter at terminal 1-2. Afterwards, in terminals 2-3 and 3-1.
4. From the obtained values, substitute the values to the following equations:

𝑉12 𝑉23 𝑉31

R12 = R23 = R12 =
𝐼12 𝐼23 𝐼31

R1+R2 = R12 (I)

R2+R3 = R23 (II)
R3+R1 = R31 (III)

5. Solve it simultaneously to determine R1, R2, and R3.

6. Compare the experimental values to the theoretical values.

Part 2: Wye-to-Delta Transformation

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig, 5.2. Leave the switch open until your instructor checked the
connections.
2. Mark the end connections of the circuit as 1, 2, and 3.
3. Short the terminals 1-2. Read the voltmeter and ammeter.
4. Repeat procedure 1, for the terminals 2-3 and 3-1.
5. From the obtained values, substitute the values to the following equations:

𝑉𝑇1−2 𝑉T2−3 𝑉T3−1

RT1-2 = RT2-3 = RT3-1 =
𝐼𝑇1 𝐼T2 𝐼T3

R12//R23 = RT1-2 (I)

R23//R31 = RT2-3 (II)
R31//R12 = RT3-1 (III)

6. Solve it simultaneously to determine R12, R23, and R31.

7. 7. Compare the experimental values to the theoretical values.
31
Questions and Problems:

1. State the rule that will make possible to find.

a. the equivalent star for a given delta.
b. the equivalent delta for a given star.

2. Make a sketch of a simple Wheatstone bridge. Show how.

a. an equivalent star can be made of one on the deltas to simplify the circuit.
b. an equivalent delta can be made of one on the stars to simplify the circuit.

3. A network of resistances is formed as follows: AB = 7, BC = 2, and CA = 8 forming a

delta; and AD = 6, BD = 1.5, and CD = 3 forming a star. Compute the network resistance
measured between (a) A and B; (b) B and C; and (c) C and A.

Answers:

32
33
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Fig. 5.1 Delta to Wye Transformation

Fig. 5.2 Wye to Delta Transformation

34
35
OBSERVATIONS/RESULTS:

WHEN APPLIED TO RESISTIVE NETWORKS, THE DELTA TO WYE TRANSFORMATION

DEMONSTRATES HOW THIS CONVERSION METHOD SIMPLIFIES COMPLEX CIRCUITS BY
ALLOWING US TO REPLACE A Y-SHAPED NETWORK WITH AN EQUIVALENT -SHAPED NETWORK,
ALLOWING FOR EASIER ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS
RESISTANCE, VOLTAGE, AND CURRENT IN THE CIRCUIT.

CONCLUSION:

TO SUMMARIZE, THE DELTA TO WYE TRANSFORMATION IS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR

SIMPLIFYING LARGE RESISTIVE NETWORKS AND REDUCING THEM TO MORE MANAGEABLE
TOPOLOGIES FOR EXAMINATION.

RECOMMENDATION:

I RECOMMEND THAT EVERYBODY STUDYING OR WORKING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LEARN THE DELTA TO WYE TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUE BECAUSE IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR
SIMPLIFYING AND ANALYZING COMPLEX RESISTIVE NETWORKS.

36