CBSE

ADDITIONAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Physics-Theory
Class XII | 2023–24
Maximum marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D, and
Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning
based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section
C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in
Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Q.No Questions Marks

SECTION A
1 An electric dipole having a dipole moment of 4 × 10-9 C m is placed in a 1
uniform electric field such that the dipole is in stable equilibrium. If the
magnitude of the electric field is 3 × 103 N/C, what is the work done in
rotating the dipole to a position of unstable equilibrium?

A. zero
B. 1.2 × 10-5 J
C. 2.4 × 10-5 J
D. - 1.2 × 10-5 J

2 An infinite line of charge has a linear charge density of 10 -7 C/m. 1

What will be the magnitude of the force acting on an alpha particle placed at a
distance of 4 cm from the line of charge?

A. 14.4 × 10-15 N
B. 7.2 × 10-15 N
C. 4.5 × 104 N
D. 9 × 104 N

1
3 The graph below shows the variation of the maximum kinetic energy of the 1
emitted photoelectron with the frequency of the incident radiation for a given
metal.

Which of the following gives the work function of the metal?

A. x-intercept
B. y-intercept
C. the slope of the graph
D. the area under the graph

4 When an electron in an atom moves from the ground state to a higher energy 1
level what happens to its kinetic and potential energies?

kinetic energy potential energy

A increases Increases
B increases Decreases
C decreases Increases
D decreases Decreases
5 Two long and straight current-carrying wires, P and Q are placed parallel to 1
each other separated by a distance of 10 cm. A wire 'R' of length 8 cm and
carrying a current of 4 A is placed between the two wires P and Q as shown
below.

2
 If the wire R, experiences a net force towards wire P, then which of the
following is definitely TRUE about the current 'I' in wire Q?

A. Current I cannot be in the upward direction.

B. Current I can have any magnitude greater than 0 A in the upward
direction.
C. Current I cannot have a magnitude of more than 15 A in the upward
direction.
D. Current I cannot have a magnitude of more than 10 A in the upward
direction.

6 A rod when suspended in a uniform magnetic field aligns itself perpendicular 1

to the magnetic field as shown below.

Which of the following statements is/are true for the rod?

P) Every atom in the rod, has a zero magnetic moment.
Q) The rod is attracted when taken near the poles of a strong magnet.
R) The relative permeability of the material of the rod is slightly less than 1.
S) The susceptibility of the material of the rod is directly proportional to
temperature.

A. only Q
B. only P and R
C. only Q and S
D. only R and S

3
7 Three students construct a solenoid of length 35 cm. They are each given 1
insulated copper wire of the same length. The table below lists some details
about the solenoids made by them.

Magnetic field Radius of Core of solenoid

produced solenoid
Student 1 B1 3 cm air
Student 2 B2 3 cm iron
Student 3 B3 6 cm air

Compare the magnetic field produced by the solenoids made by the three
students.

A. B1=B3<B2
B. B3<B1<B2
C. B1<B2<B3
D. B1=B2>B3
8 A charged particle ‘+q’ having a mass ‘m’ moves in a uniform electric and 1
magnetic field. In which of the following scenarios will the path of the
charged particle be linear and described by the velocity time graph shown
below?

A. E ⊥ B ⊥ velocity of the particle

B. E || B and the particle is initially at rest
C. E || B and the particle has an initial velocity along the electric field
D. E ⊥ B and the particle has an initial velocity along the electric field

9 A pure resistor is connected to an AC power source as shown below. 1

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?

I: The average current flowing through the circuit during one full cycle is zero.

4
 II: The current in the resistor leads the voltage by π/2.
III: The average power dissipated by the resistor is zero.

A. only I
B. only I and II
C. only II and III
D. all - I, II and III

10 At what rate does the electric field change between the plates of a square 1
capacitor of side 5 cm, if the plates are spaced 1.2 mm apart and the voltage
across them is changing at a rate of 60 V/s?

A. 7.2 x 10-2 Vm-1s-1

B. 30 x 10-1 Vm-1s-1
C. 12 x 102 Vm-1s-1
D. 5 x 104 Vm-1s-1

11 Three loops as shown below move into the magnetic field with a velocity v. 1

In which loop(s) will the induced emf be the largest at the instant when the
loops enter the magnetic field?

A. only P
B. only Q
C. only P and Q
D. only Q and R

12 The emission spectrum of an element is the spectrum of frequencies of em 1

radiations emitted due to electrons making a transition from a higher energy
state to a lower energy state.

The diagram below shows electrons transitioning from higher energy states to
lower energy states.

5
 Which of the following spectrums most closely corresponds to the above
transitions?

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion
(A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the options as given below.

A. Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct

explanation of Assertion.
B. Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct
explanation of Assertion.
C. Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

13 Assertion (A): The work function of a given material increases with an 1

increase in the frequency of the incident radiation.

6
 Reason (R): As per Einstein's photoelectric equation hν = φ + KE, work
function φ is directly proportional to the frequency ν of the incident radiation.

14 Assertion (A): The conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors increases with an 1

increase in temperature.
Reason (R): Increase in temperature decreases the average time between
collisions of electrons.

15 Assertion (A): The direction of the electric field is always perpendicular to the 1
equipotential surface.
Reason (R): Work is done by the electric force in moving a charge between
any two points on an equipotential surface is zero.

16 Assertion (A): If the focal length of two convex lenses is the same, the lens 1
with the larger diameter will produce brighter images.

Reason (R): Convex lenses with larger diameters are able to focus light better.

SECTION B
17 The graph shows the variation in hole concentration with doping concentration 2
in an extrinsic semiconductor doped with pentavalent impurities.

Why does the hole concentration reduce when pentavalent doping is

increased?
18 λα and λp are the wavelengths associated with a moving alpha particle and a 2
proton respectively.

Obtain the relation between velocities of the two particles for which,

(a) λα > λp
(b) λα = λp

7
19 Compare the focal lengths of the two lenses shown below if the radius of 2
curvature of the curved surface is the same in both lenses.

20 (a) Two copper wires, P and Q of the same area of cross-section are joined in 2
parallel. The combination of wires is connected across a battery of potential
difference V. If the length of the wires, P and Q are in the ratio 1:2, find the
ratio of drift velocities of electrons in wires P and Q.

21 The image below shows a setup of a device that is used to increase the 2
diameter of a light beam from a laser.

Show how a combination of a convex and a concave lens can also be arranged
to increase the diameter of a light beam. Your answer should include how the
two lenses should be arranged and the distance between the two lenses. (Note
that the rays in both the incident and emergent beam are parallel.)

OR

A glass beaker of height 10 cm, completely filled with water (refractive index
= 4/3), has a curved bottom which is silvered as shown below.

8
 A plastic coin remains submerged in water at a depth of 5 cm from the top of
the beaker. An observer sees the coin in the water and its image in the mirror.
If the image formed by the curved mirror is seen by the observer at a distance
of 15 cm from the surface of the water, what is the focal length of the curved
surface? (Assume the silvered curved surface acts as a spherical mirror.)
SECTION C
22 Identify if the two nuclear reactions mentioned below are endothermic or 3
exothermic. Show your calculations.

Use the information below to answer the question:

23 X and Y are two equipotential surfaces separated by a distance of 2 m in a 3

uniform electric field of 10 V/m. Surface X has a potential of 10 V
(a) Calculate the potential of surface Y.
(b) What is the work done in moving a +2 C charge from surface Y to surface
X along path 1? How will this work change when the charge is moved along
Path 2? Give a reason for your answer.

9
24 (a) Compare the de Broglie wavelength associated with the electron in the 3
third orbit to the circumference of the orbit.

(b) In which of the following will the electrons have the same de Broglie
wavelength?

(i) Third orbit of He atom

(ii) Fourth orbit of He atom
(iii) Third orbit of Li atom
(iv) Sixth orbit of Be atom

Show your calculations.

25 Using Kirchhoff's laws, calculate the current flowing through 4 Ω, 1 Ω, and 3
2 Ω resistors in the circuit shown below.

26 Two charges A and B, each having a velocity of v, traverse circular paths in a 3

uniform magnetic field as shown below.

10
 (a) Compare the charge-to-mass ratio of the two particles A and B. Show the
necessary mathematical calculations.
(b) Which of the two particles is likely to be a proton if the other is an alpha
particle? Give reason.

27 (a) A radio wave and an infrasonic wave have the same wavelength when 3
travelling through air. Are their frequencies the same or different? Give a
reason for your answer.

(b) An electromagnetic wave traveling east has a magnetic field that oscillates
vertically and has a frequency of 60 kHz and an rms strength of 8 × 10−9T.
Determine the frequency and the rms strength of the electric field. What is the
direction of the electric field?
28 A circular ring of diameter 0.2 m is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.4 3
T. The ring is rotated about its diameter at a frequency of 60 Hz.
(a) If the ring has 50 turns, then what is the maximum induced emf in the
ring?
(b) State one condition under which the induced emf in the circular ring will
be zero?

OR

Given below are a few characteristics of solenoids p and q.

solenoid p solenoid q
length of the solenoid l (m) l (m)
number of turns (N) 200 50
cross-sectional area of the wire A (m2) A (m2)
relative permeability of the core material 1 500
self-inductance 2 (mH) ?

What is the self-inductance of the solenoid q?

SECTION D
29 Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. 4

11
 For most mobile devices, the voltage to recharge the battery is typically 5
volts of direct current. In India, the current supplied to our homes is
alternating current at 220V and at a frequency of 50 Hz. Fatima designed a
simplified version of a mobile phone charger. She made a circuit using a
centre tap transformer and two similar silicon diodes D1 and D2 as shown
below. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Can Fatima also charge the battery of a phone by connecting the battery
directly to the ac power supply? Give reason.
(b) The graph of the potential barrier (V) vs width of the depletion region (x),
when D1 is unbiased at room temperature, is shown below.

Plot a comparative graph of the potential barrier (V) vs width of the depletion
region (x) of D1 at room temperature when the voltage at A is negative with
respect to voltage at centre tap. Give reason.
OR
If the battery of the phone is directly connected to the output terminals of the
secondary coil of the transformer, will it get charged? Justify your answer.
(c) What will be the output frequency across the phone's battery when the
orientation of D2 is reversed in fig. 1 and the centre-tapped three-output
transformer is replaced by a two-output step-down transformer? Justify your
answer.
30 Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow. 4

When light rays fall on glass, about 4% of the light gets reflected. To
eliminate this reflection, the glass display cases in museums usually have an
anti-reflective coating.

This works on the principle of interference. When light falls on the coated
glass, the light gets reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the coating
and these two reflected light rays can interfere. To reduce reflection, the
thickness and refractive index of the coating are adjusted such that the light
rays undergo destructive interference.

12
Reflected light undergoes a 180° phase shift when it falls on a denser medium
from a rarer medium and no phase shift when it falls on a rarer medium from a
denser medium. (Note: The thickness of coating is much less than the glass.)
To answer the questions below, consider a monochromatic light of wavelength
λ incident on the coating of thickness t at a small angle of incidence and
n1<n2<n3. Also Consider PQ ≈ t.

(i) Which of the following occurs, if there is no coating on the glass?

A. The object behind the case looks distorted.

B. The colours of the object behind the glass case appear dull.
C. A reflection of the objects in front of the glass case is seen on the case.
D. Multiple reflections of the object behind the glass case are seen on the
case

(ii) What is the path difference between rays 1 and 2? (Consider PQ ≈ t.)

A. t
B. 2t
C. λ
D. 2λ

(iii) For what minimum thickness of the coating, do the two rays 1 and 2
undergo destructive interference? (Remember the wavelength of the light ray
changes as it moves from one media to another.)

A. n2 λ/2
B. n2 λ/4
C. λ/(2n2)
D. λ/(4n2)

13
 OR

For what minimum thickness of the coating, do the two rays 1 and 2 undergo
constructive interference? (Remember the wavelength of the light ray changes
as it moves from one media to another.)

A. n2 λ
B. n2 λ/2
C. λ/(n2)
D. λ/(2n2)

(iv) If the material of the coating is changed such that n2>n3, what will be the
additional path difference compared to the path difference identified in
question (b)?

A. t
B. π
C. λ/2
D. (There will be NO additional path difference.)
SECTION E
31 (a) A ray of light is incident at angle θ on a right-angled prism at point X. At 5
point Y, it emerges along the prism surface. Calculate the refractive index of
the prism in terms of the incident angle.

(b) Show that for an equilateral prism kept in air, minimum deviation occurs
when the angle of incidence i = sin-1(n/2), where n is the refractive index of
the material of the prism.

OR

(a) A Young’s double slit setup is illuminated with monochromatic light. If

the intensity of light passing through one of the slits is reduced, explain the
changes that can be seen in the appearance of the bright and dark fringes?

(b) (i) A single slit diffraction setup is illuminated with green light of
wavelength 500 nm. If the width of the slit is 1 mm and the screen is 2 m
away from the slits, calculate the width of the central maximum.
(ii) What will happen to the width of the central maximum, if the green light is
replaced with the red light? Give a reason for your answer.

14
 (c) A student wishes to study the diffraction of sound using the single slit
setup. He replaces the light source with a sound source. What other change
should he do to study the diffraction pattern?
32 (a) A camera usually operates at 1.5 V and this potential difference is not 5
sufficient to emit light energy using flash. For this purpose, the flash circuit of
the camera has a capacitor that is charged to 300 V-330 V using various
electrical components. If the voltage generated across the plates of the
capacitor is 300 V and the capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor used is
100 µF, then find the energy released when the trigger button on the camera is
pressed.

(a) How much charge does the 100 µF capacitor charged to 300 V hold?

(b) If the distance between the parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 100 µF is
increased two times, then calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.

(c) The graph below shows the variation of charge 'q' with potential difference
'V' for a parallel plate capacitor 'C' for scenarios P and Q.
Scenario P - the space between the capacitor 'C' is filled with air.
Scenario Q - the space between the capacitor 'C' is filled with a substance of
dielectric constant K.
Which of the two lines A or B corresponds to scenario Q? Give a reason for
your answer.

OR

(a) Find the effective capacitance between points P and Q, if each capacitor
has a capacitance of 6µF.

15
 (b) Find the ratio of charges on capacitors C1 and C4, if the potential
difference between points P and Q is 10 V.
33 An inductor of inductance 'L' is connected to an AC source, V = 100 sin ωt. 5
The graph below represents the variation of inductive reactance (XL) of the
inductor with the frequency of an alternating source.

(a) What is the self-inductance of the inductor?

(b) If the ac source is replaced by a battery such that V = 100 V, then what is
the inductive reactance of the inductor? Give reason.
(c) When the frequency is 50 Hz, what is the average power dissipated by the
inductor over a complete cycle in the circuit? Justify your answer.
(d) This inductor is connected in series with a resistance of 15 Ω and a
capacitor of 5 μF. The frequency of the alternating source is varied such that
the power dissipated in the circuit becomes maximum. Calculate the
frequency and the phase difference between alternating voltage and current
when the power dissipated is the maximum.

OR

An ideal transformer having a ferromagnetic core consists of two coils having

500 turns (primary) and 50 turns (secondary) respectively.
(a) What is the voltage across the secondary coil, if the rms voltage across the
primary coil is 240 V?
(b) What will be the individual currents in the two coils (primary and
secondary), if the secondary has a resistive load of 20 ohms?

16
17
 CBSE
ADDITIONAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Physics-Theory (Marking Scheme)
Class XII | 2023–24
Maximum marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General instructions:

Q.No Answers Marks

SECTION A
1 C. 2.4 × 10-5 J 1
2 A. 14.4 × 10-15 N 1
3 B. y-intercept 1
4 kinetic energy potential energy 1

C decreases increases
5 C. Current I cannot have a magnitude of more than 15 A in the upward 1
direction.
6 B. only P and R 1
7 B. B3<B1<B2 1
8 C. E || B and the particle has an initial velocity along the electric field 1
9 A. only I 1
10 D. 5 x 104 Vm-1s-1 1
11 A. only P 1
12 1

B.
13 D. Both Assertion and Reason are false. 1
14 B. Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of 1
Assertion.
15 A. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation for 1
assertion.
16 C. Assertion is true but Reason is false. 1
SECTION B
17 When an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurities, the 2
number of electrons increases much more than the thermally produced
electrons. (0.5 marks)

This causes the thermally generated holes to recombine with the electrons
generated, thereby decreasing the number of holes. (1 mark)

1
 As the doping concentration increases, more electrons are produced, causing
more electron-hole recombination and hence hole concentration decreases

(0.5 marks)

18 (a) λα > λp 2

For the above condition of vp > 4vα, λα will be greater than λp.

(0.5 marks for writing the expression for λ, 0.5 marks for writing the
relationship between the masses of the two particles, and 0.5 marks for final
velocity relation.)

(b) λα = λp

For the above condition of vp = 4vα, λα will be equal to λp.

(0.5 marks for final velocity relation.)

19 Lens maker's formula 2

(0.5 marks)

For the plano-concave lens,

(0.5 marks)

For the plano-convex lens,

2
 (0.5 marks)

f1:f2 = -1:1 (0.5 marks)

20 (a) Since the wires are connected in parallel, the potential difference 'V' across 2
both wires will be the same.
The wires have the same resistivity ρ
Let the length of wires P and Q be L1 and L2 respectively.
Let the drift velocities electrons in wires P and Q be vd1 and vd2 respectively.
I = neAvd (0.5 marks)
vd - drift velocity
L1/L2 = 1/2
V = RI = (ρL/A) I
For wire P:
V = (ρL1/A) neAvd1 ....(i) (0.5 marks)
For wire Q:
V = (ρL2/A) neAvd2 ....(ii) (0.5 marks)

Equating (i) and (ii)

L1vd1 = L2vd2
vd1/vd2 = L2/L1
vd1/vd2 =2/1
Hence, the ratio of drift velocities of electrons in wires P and Q is 2:1.(0.5
marks)

21 Concave lens should be placed before the convex lens. (1 mark) 2

The distance between the lenses should be f2-f1, where f2 is the focal length of
the convex lens and f1 is the focal length of the concave lens. (1 mark)

(OR)

3
 (1 mark for drawing the concave lens before the convex lens. 1 mark for
marking the focal lengths correctly.)
OR Apparent depth of image = 15 cm 2
Real depth = n × apparent depth = 4/3 × 15 = 20 cm (1 mark)
For the concave mirror, u = -5 cm, v = 20 - 10 cm

(1 mark)

SECTION C
22 For the first reaction 3
mass of reactants = 1.00728 + 7.0160 = 8.12328 amu
mass of products = 2 × 4.0026 = 8.0052
mass of reactants > mass of products (1 mark)

Hence, the reaction is exothermic. (0.5 marks)

For the second reaction

mass of reactants = 7.0160 + 4.0026= 11.0186 amu
mass of products = 1.0087 + 10.1294 = 11.1381
mass of reactants < mass of products (1 mark)

Hence, the reaction is endothermic. (0.5 marks)

4
23 (a) Given E = 10 V/m 3
Vx = 10 V
Δr=2m
= .
= 10 x 2 = 20 V (0.5 marks)

Since, the potential decreases in the direction of the electric field, the potential
at surface Y will be more than the potential at surface X.
V = 20 + 10 = 30V (0.5 marks)

(b) Given: q = 2 C
Work done in moving charge from Y to X along Path 1= (Vx - Vy )q
W = (10 - 30) × 2
W = -20 × 2 = - 40 J (1 mark)

Work done in moving charge along Path 2 will be the same as work done along
Path 1. (0.5 marks)
This is because the work done between two surfaces is independent of the path
since the force acting on the charge is conservative in nature. (0.5 marks)

24 (a) λ = 2πr/n (0.5 marks) 3

If n = 3,
λ = circumference /3 (0.5 marks)

(b) λ = 2πr/n
Since r ∝ n2/Z
λ ∝ n/Z (0.5 marks)

(i) For the third orbit of He atom,

n/Z = 3/2

(ii) For the fourth orbit of He atom,

n/Z = 4/2 =2

(iii) For the third orbit of Li atom

n/Z = 3/3 = 1

(iv) For the sixth orbit of Be atom

n/Z = 6/4 = 3/2

(1 mark for correct calculation of all n/Z)

Therefore, an electron in the third orbit of He atom will have the same de
Broglie wavelength as the electron in the sixth orbit of Be atom. (0.5 marks )
(Full marks will be awarded if calculations are done based on velocity of
electrons.)

5
25 Give 0.5 marks for the correct representation of current in the circuits. 3

By using Kirchhoff's second law for closed-loop PQS we get

- 4I1+ 2I2 + 10 = 0
4I1 - 2I2 = 10
2I1 - I2= 5....(i) (0.5 marks)

By using Kirchhoff's second law for closed-loop QRS we get

- (I1 + I2)1 + 6 - 2I2 =0
I1 + 3I2 = 6.....(ii) (0.5 marks)
solving (i) and (ii), we get
7I1 = 21
∴I1= 21/7 = 3 A (0.5 marks)
I2 = 1 A (0.5 marks)
I1 + I2 = 3 + 1 = 4 A (0.5 marks)
Therefore, the current across 4 Ω resistor is 3 A, across 2 Ω resistor is 1 A, and
across 1 Ω resistor is 4 A.
26 (a) For a charged particle executing a circular path, θ = 90° 3
∴ F = qvB (0.5 marks)

Since the charged particle executes a circular path

mv2 /r = qvB
q/m = v/rB (0.5 marks)
Since, v and B are constant for both the particles, q/m ∝ 1/r
q/m: charge-to-mass ratio
As rB > rA, particle A has a greater charge-to-mass ratio than B. (1 mark)

(b) A proton has a greater charge-to-mass ratio than an alpha particle.

(0.5 marks)
Hence, particle A is likely to be a proton. (0.5 marks)
27 (a) Their frequencies will be different. 3

A radio wave is an EM wave and an infrasonic wave is a sound wave. Since

they have different speeds in air, their frequencies are different.

(or) f = v/λ ; since they have different speeds in air, they will have different
frequencies.

6
 (1 mark for the correct answer. No marks will be awarded if reason is not
written.)

(b) Frequency of electric field = frequency of magnetic field = 60 kHz (0.5

marks)

Erms = c Brms
Erms = 3 x 108 x 8 x 10-9 = 2.4 V/m
(1 mark for the correct answer with the unit. Accept any correct unit.)

Direction of electric field - along the horizontal north-south line. (0.5 marks)
28 (a) Maximum induced emf (ε max) = N × B × A × ω (0.5 marks) 3
where, N = 50, B = 0.4 T, ω = 2πf = 2×π×60, r = d/2 = 0.2/2 = 0.1 m

Therefore, A= πr2 = π × (0.1)2 (0.5 marks)

Substituting we get,
εmax = 50 × 0.4 × (3.14 × 0.1 × 0.1) × (2 × 3.14 × 60)
= 236.63 V
(0.5 marks each for the substitution and final answer.)

(b) if the ring is rotated about its axis

or
the ring is translated in the magnetic field
(1 mark for any one correct answer)

[Accept any other valid correct answer.]

OR 3

(1 mark for correct formula. 0.5 marks for substitution. 0.5 mark for the
calculation. 1 mark for the correct answer)

SECTION D
29 (a) No, Fatima cannot charge the battery of a phone by connecting it directly to 4
ac power supply. (0.5 marks)
The mobile devices require a 5V DC to get charged. Connecting the battery

7
 directly to 220V ac power supply will cause an excess flow of current produces
a large amount of heat which can destroy the phone.
(0.5 marks)

(b) D1 is reverse biased, hence the width of its depletion region increases, and
the potential barrier also increases. (0.5 marks)

(0.5 marks)
OR

The secondary coil of the transformer provides alternating current. Hence if the
battery of the phone is directly connected to the output terminals of the
transformer, for one-half cycle the battery will get charged and for the next half,
it will get discharged. (0.5 marks)
Hence, the charging of the battery will not take place. (0.5 marks)

(c) Both D1 and D2 will be forward-biased for one-half of the cycle of ac

voltage and reverse-biased for the next half cycle.
Hence, the combination of D1 and D2 behaves as a half-wave rectifier. (1 mark)
Thus only one-half of the ac voltage gets rectified in a cycle. (0.5 marks)
Hence, the frequency of output voltage will be 50 Hz. (0.5 marks)

30 (i) C. A reflection of the objects in front of the glass case is seen on the case. 4
(ii) B. 2t
(iii) D. λ/4n2
OR D. λ/2n2
(iv) λ/2
SECTION E
31 (a) 5

At the 1st surface, using Snell's law

sin θ = n sin r1

8
 sin r1 = sin θ/n (0.5 marks)

r2= A - r1 = 90 - r1 (0.5 marks)

At the second interface,

sin r2 = sin 90/n
sin r2 = 1/n (0.5 marks)

sin (90 - r1) = 1/n

cos r1 = 1/n (0.5 marks)

Squaring both sides

cos2r1 = 1/n2
1 - sin2r1 = 1/n2
1 - (sin2θ/n2) = 1/n2
Solving, n = √(1+sin2θ) (1 mark)

(b) For an equilateral prism A = 60° (0.5 marks)

Using Snell's law at the first surface,
sin i = n sin r (0.5 marks)

At minimum deviation r = A/2 = 60/2 = 30° (0.5 marks)

sin i = n sin(30)
sin i = n(1/2)
i = sin-1(n/2) (0.5 marks)

OR (a) The bright fringes will appear less bright because the intensity of light from 5
one of the slits is reduced. (1 mark)

The dark fringes will appear less dark/brighter because the intensity of light
from the two slits is not the same and the intensities do not completely cancel
each other out. (1 mark)

(b) (i) λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10 -9 m; D = 2 m; d= 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m

Width of central maximum = 2λD/d (0.5 marks)

=2 x 500 x 10-9 x 2/(1 x 10-3)
= 2 mm (0.5 marks)

(ii) Since the wavelength of red light is more the green light and the width of
the central maximum is directly proportional to wavelength, the width of the
central maximum will increase when red light is used. (1 mark for full answer.)

(c) (i) Increase slit width, so that the slit width is comparable to the wavelength
of sound. (0.5 marks)
(ii) Replace the screen with a sound detector. (0.5 marks)

9
32 (a) V = 300 V 5
C = 100 µF
Energy = 1/2 CV2 (0.5 marks)
= 1/2 × 100 × 10-6 (300)2
= 4.5 J (0.5 marks)

(b) q = CV (0.5 marks)

q = 100 × 10-6 × 300 = 0.03 C (0.5 marks)

(c) Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor C = (∈0 A)/d (0.5 marks)

C = 100 µF
d' = 2d
C' = (∈0 A)/d'
C' = (∈0 A)/2d = 100/2 = 50 µF

Hence, if the distance between the plates of the capacitor is increased two times
the capacitance of the capacitor decreases by 1/2 ie becomes 50 µF. (0.5
marks)

(c) The slope of the q vs V graph gives the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor.
When the space between the plates of a capacitor is filled with a substance of
dielectric constant K, its capacitance increases K times. (0.5 marks)
Greater the slope of the q vs V graph, the higher the capacitance. (0.5 marks)
As line A has a greater slope it represents greater capacitance and corresponds
to scenario (1 mark)

OR (a) The arrangement of capacitors is equivalent to: 5

C1 and C3 are in parallel.

Cp = 6 + 6 = 12 µF
Cp and C2 are in series (0.5 marks)
1/Cs = 1/12 + 1/6 = 1/12 + 2/12 = 3/12
Cs = 4 µF (0.5 marks)
Cs and C4 are in parallel

10
 Cnet = 4 + 6 = 10 µF (1 mark)
(b) We know that C = Q/V
Charge on C4
Q4 = 10 x 6 = 60 µC (0.5 marks)

Net capacitance of C1 and C3 = 6 + 6 = 12 µF

Net capacitance of C1, C3 ,and C2 is :

1/C = 1/12 + 1/6 = 3/12 = 1/4
C = 4 µF

Net charge across C1, and C3 ,and C2

Q = C V = 4 x 10 = 40 µC (0.5 marks)

Since the charge in the series combination is the same,

Net charge across C1 and C3 = 40 µC (0.5 marks)

Potential across C1 and C3 = Q/C = 40/12 = 10/3 V

Charge across C1
Q1 = C1 × V = 6 x 10/3 = 20 µC (0.5 marks)

Ratio of charges across C1 and C4

Q1/ Q4 = 20/60 = 1:3 (1 mark)
33 (a) XL = 2πf L (0.5 marks) 5
L = XL /2πf
L = 20/(2 × 3.14 × 100) = 0.032 H (0.5 marks)
(b) A battery is a source of direct current and thus f = 0 Hz. (0.5 marks)
As XL = 2πfL, the inductive reactance of the inductor becomes zero. (0.5
marks)

(c) Pavg = VrmsIrms cosφ

where φ is the phase difference between current and voltage in the circuit.
Phase difference is 90° for pure inductive circuit. (0.5 marks)
∴Pavg= 0 (0.5 marks)

(d) Power dissipated in an LCR circuit is maximum when X L= XC

f = 1/2π√(LC)
f = 0.398 × 103 Hz
f = 398 Hz (1 mark)
Under this condition of resonance, the circuit behaves as a pure resistive circuit.
Hence phase difference between current and voltage is 0°. (1 mark)

OR (a) The voltage across the secondary coil is given by: 5

Np/Ns = Vp/Vs (1 mark)
where Np = 500, Ns = 50 and Vp = 240 V
Therefore,
Vs = Vp x (Ns/Np)

11
 = 240 x (50/500)
= 24 V (1 mark)

(b) Current in the secondary coil is given by:

Is = Vs/Rs (0.5 marks)
where Vs = 24 V and Rs = 20 ohms
Therefore,
Is = 24/20
= 1.2 A (1 mark)

Current in the primary coil is given by:

Ip/Is = Ns/Np (0.5 marks)
where Is = 1.2 A, Ns = 500 and Np = 50
Therefore,
Ip = (Ns/Np) x (Is)
= (50/500) x (1.2)
= 0.12 A (1 mark)

12