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IRRIGATION Test

- The project aims to provide irrigation to 1,000 farmers cultivating a total area of 150 hectares in Bangaleee, Kenya through a sprinkler irrigation system sourcing water from the Rukera River. - Currently there is no organized irrigation, but farmers previously irrigated small plots using local water services. - The design covers weirs, mainlines, break pressure tanks, sprinklers and infield structures to supply 0.2 hectares to each farmer with an irrigation efficiency of 75%.

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Beatrice Karimi
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31 views4 pages

IRRIGATION Test

- The project aims to provide irrigation to 1,000 farmers cultivating a total area of 150 hectares in Bangaleee, Kenya through a sprinkler irrigation system sourcing water from the Rukera River. - Currently there is no organized irrigation, but farmers previously irrigated small plots using local water services. - The design covers weirs, mainlines, break pressure tanks, sprinklers and infield structures to supply 0.2 hectares to each farmer with an irrigation efficiency of 75%.

Uploaded by

Beatrice Karimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JKUAT: 4TH YR II SEMESTER CAT BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING
ECE 2413: IRRIGATION ENGINEERING II

CAT 2 30 MKS
SUMMARY
 Proposed scheme area 150.0 Hectares
 Currently irrigated area 0
 Average farm size 1.0 Hectare
 No. of beneficiaries 1000
 Total project cost 89.093millions
 Area to be irrigated by each Farmer 0.2 Ha (0.5 acres)
Introduction
Bangaleee irrigation project is located in Beija Central District (one of the new districts
hived from the greater Beija District). The proposed villages to be served are Murram,
Gichagi, Kamichugu, Kiahiti, Mainganiro, Muraria, Nyarugumu and Thare-ini.
The project lies in lower UMI, Coffee zone. The area receives a bimodal type of rainfall
with long rains falling between March and May and short rains between October and
November. Rain fed agriculture is practiced.
Between January and March and also July to September, the area is usually dry and
rainfed agriculture is affected by dry spell. Farmers practice mixed farming. The farmers
propose to introduce horticultural farming during those months once irrigation starts.
They have applied a water permit to extract water from Rukera River and authorization
obtained from Water Resources Management Authority. With irrigated agriculture during
the off season they will be able to fetch good prices for their produce.
The farmers have shown serious commitments to their project in the way they attend
meetings, participate in communal work and contribute labour and cash during the
feasibility studies and in the initial stages of the project implementation. They have held
several self-help fund raising initiatives to raise funds for the project.
This design covers the major aspect of irrigation infrastructure i.e. weir and intake,
mainline and branches, break pressure tanks, sprinkler system and other infield
structures. A bill of quantities and drawings of major items are also presented as annexes.
In the design various components of irrigation infrastructure are included.
Gross margin analysis for some crops grown in the area and benefit cost analysis is
presented to show economic aspect of the project.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES:
The major objectives of this irrigation project are as follows:

 Provision of adequate irrigation water to every project member.

 Horticultural production for income generation from sale of produce.

1
INTRODUCTION

 Location.
The project is located in Bangaleee location of Beija Central District, Central province.
It is about 5 km North West of Beija town. The nearest market center is Bangaleee
which is well in the centre of the proposed project area.

History of the project


The project idea was formed in 2002 when a group of local farmers came together and
approached the water office Beija. Beija Municipal Council then initiated the project in
2003. They formed an interim committee, opened bank account and registered the
project with the social development office Beija. They also applied for a water permit.
 Present situation.
At present no organized irrigation is taking place but there are isolated cases of bucket
and other forms of irrigation using water from the local water service provider and
local springs. The number of households taking part is 1000 with an average farm size
of about 0.2ha.
The project committee is active and has continued to mobilize farmers towards project
implementation. The current registration fee is Ksh 1000. At least two successful funds
drives have been organized.
Authorization to abstract water from Rukera River has already been obtained from the
Water resources Management Authority.

2.0 BASIC DATA

 2.1 Climate

The project lies in Agro-Ecological zone lower UM1 (coffee zone). The rainfall
pattern is bimodal with long rains falling from March-May and short rain rains
from October-December. The cold spell locally known as Gathano characterised by
drizzles and fog occurs from June to August. The annual rainfall is in the range of
1100- 1600mm and the average annual potential evaporation is about 1950mm
 2.2 Topography

A large part of the project is flat. The altitude ranges from 1600-1800m above sea
level. The slopes range from 2% (gently undulating) to 5%. Towards the mathari
valley the topography rises to 30%.
The farmers intend to practice Sprinkler method of water application therefore the
topography is not a limiting factor. However radical terracing as soil conservation
measure in some of the project area is highly recommended to avoid surface runoff
and contain the topsoil.

 2.3 Soils
The soils in most of the project area are well drained deep to deep dark reddish
brown nitosols (clay loams). Generally, the soils are not a limitation to irrigation
due to their depth and drainage nature.

2
 2.4 Hydrology
The water source for the project is river Rukera that is perennial. There is no readily
available river flow analyzed data but the authorization to abstract water has
already been acquired.

PRESENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

3.0 Technical aspects

At the moment, there is no organized irrigation taking place. Farmers used to


irrigate their kitchen gardens using water supplied by their local water service provider
for domestic water but discontinued due to the following reasons:
- Water shortage.
- Harsh regulations and high water charges
-The water was chlorinated and therefore not suitable for long term irrigation.
 3.1 Scheme organization.
The community has already formed an active irrigation self help-group that is
being led by an elected committee and guided by a constitution and scheme by-
laws.
They have already undertaken the following;
 Formed and mobilised farmers organisation
 Registered with the district social development office
 Applied for a water permit from Water Resources Management Authority.
 Opened a bank account
 Facilitated preliminary, detailed investigations and design
Design Data

 4.0 Water Requirements


Irrigation area per farmer 0.5 acre (0.2ha)
Crops to be grown Horticulture
Rooting depth 60cm (average)
Soil type Clay loam with good structure
Half storage capacity 8-11mm/10cm depth
Infiltration rate 8mm per hour
Irrigation system gravity pipeline sprinkler combination
Efficiency of sprinkler
Application (E) 0.75
Evaporation from free water surface (Eo) for Beija is estimated at 6.5mm/day

QUESTIONS
a) Determination of crop water requirement
 Evaporation from free water surface (Eo) for Beija is estimated at 6.5mm per day
 Adjustment factor (Adc) = 0.75
 Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo)
 Crop coefficient (Kc) = 0.9
 Crop water requirement (ETc)
3
 The readily available moisture (RAM) at (50%depletion level),
 net application depth (Dnet)
 Irrigation interval (II)
 Irrigation cycle (I c)
 Gross depth of water application (Dgross)
 Irrigation Efficiency=75%
 Determine capacity of system, Qt
 Each farmer is to irrigate ½ acre (0.2ha)
b) Sprinkler selection and spacing
Adopt conventional spacing of 12x15m

 Wind speed and spacing:


 Speed during windiest month = 6-11 km/hr (square pattern)
 Take 50% of wetted diameter (D)
 Determine Maximum sprinkler spacing
 Determine the application time (set time, Ts)
c) Determine Scheme water requirement (SWR)
 This is the amount of water that should be supplied from the river.

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