Overview of Machine-Type Communications

Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
 IMT-2020 use cases
Inputs from the mobile industry and different regional and operator organizations were synthesized into the three scenarios
1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
2. Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC)
3. Massive machine type communications (mMTC)

Source: 5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology, Academic Press, 2018 2
3GPP Standards for MTC

Source: https://www.qualcomm.com/research/5g/internet-of-things

3
Source: https://aiap.ais.co.th/ 4
Source: https://iot.truecorp.co.th/product-factsheets

5
 Internet of Things (IoT)
Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Internet of Things (IoT)

The term "the Internet of things" was

coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Kevin Ashton
Auto-ID Center, MIT, USA

7
Connecting IoT Devices
• Wired Communication
Media Standard
Twisted pair IEEE 802.3

Power cables HomePlug

8
Connecting IoT Devices
• Wireless Communication
Media Standard
unlicensed frequency bands
- 2.4 GHz
- 5 GHz
- etc.

licensed frequency band

- 800/900 MHz
- 1800 MHz
- 2100 MHz
- etc.
9
 IoT Communication Networks
IEEE 802.3 Standards for LAN
Local Area Network (LAN) Technologies
IEEE 802.11 Standards for WLAN
PLC Standards

Bluetooth
Low-Power, Personal Area Wireless Network (LPPAN) Technologies
Zigbee

IEEE 802.11 Standards for LPWAN

Low-Power, Wide-Area Wireless Network (LPWAN) Technologies
3GPP Standards for LPWAN
LoRa and LoRaWAN

V2X Communications UAS Communications

Rail Communications Non-Terrestrial Networks

10
 IoT Communication Networks :
Local Area Network (LAN) Technologies
Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
IEEE 802.3 Standards for LAN

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair 12
IEEE 802.11 Standards for WLAN

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_6

13
PLC Standards

Source: https://hd-plc.org/media/technology-blog/what-is-power-line-communication
14
 IoT Communication Networks :
Low-Power, Personal Area Wireless Network (LPPAN)
Technologies
Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Bluetooth

16
Zigbee

17
 IoT Communication Networks :
Low-Power, Wide-Area Wireless Network (LPWAN)
Technologies
Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
Low-Power, Wide-Area Wireless Network (LPWAN)

19
 IEEE 802.11 Standards for WLAN and LPWAN
802.11b 2.4 and 5 GHz bands

Legacy 802.11a

802.11g Wi-Fi

HT and VHT 802.11n 802.11ac

802.11 HEW 802.11ax

802.11ad
New bands
mm Wave
WiGig
Sub 1G 802.11ah
Wi-Fi HaLow
White Spaces 802.11af
White-Fi / Super Wi-Fi 20
IEEE 802.11ah
• The IEEE 802.11ah standardization task group is developing a global Wireless LAN (WLAN) standardthat will
allow wireless access using carrier frequencies below 1 GHz in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band.

S. Aust and R. V. Prasad, “IEEE 802.11ah: Advantages in Standards and Further Challenges for Sub 1 GHz Wi-Fi,”
Workshop on Telecommunications: From Research to Standards, 2012 21
19 ก.ค. 2560 กสทช. มีมติเห็นชอบให้ใช้คลื่นความถี่ย่าน
920-925 MHz เพื่อรองรับเทคโนโลยี Internet of Things (IoT) 22
LoRa and LoRaWAN

Source: https://lora-alliance.org/about-lorawan/

23
 IoT Communication Networks :
V2X Communications,
UAS Communications, Rail Communications,
Non-Terrestrial Networks
Watid Phakphisut
Department of Telecommunications Engineering
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
V2X Communications

Dedicated short-range communications Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything

(DSRCs) (C-V2X)

IEEE 802.11p LTE V2X

IEEE 802.11bd NR V2X

25
UAS Communications

26
Rail Communications

Source: R. He, and et. al., “High-Speed Railway Communications from GSM-R to LTE-R,” IEEE vehIcular technology magazine, 2016.
27
Non-Terrestrial Networks

Source: F. VolK, and et. al., “Field Trial of a 5G Non-Terrestrial Network Using OpenAirInterface,” IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, 2022.
28