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‫ﳎﻠـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬

‫‪ISSN : 1112-7341‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ / 17‬ﺍﻟﻌـــﺪﺩ‪ ،(2022) 01 :‬ﺹ ‪209 -178‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Regional economic intégration the ASEAN countries‬‬
‫‪a Gain to the promotion of intra-regional Trade‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺑﻮ ﺿﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،1‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﲪﺔ ﳋﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ )ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ(‪[email protected] ،‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﲪﺔ ﳋﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ )ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ(‪[email protected] ،‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪2022/12/31 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‪2022/11/19 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ‪2022/11/10 :‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪-2011‬‬
‫‪ 2020‬ﻛﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﲣ ﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺃﻡ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.1992‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

، F15، F02:JEL ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬

Abstract
His study dealt with the phenomenon of regional economic blocs
and their role in promoting intra-regional trade by presenting the
experience of the Free Trade Area of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations for the period 2011-2020. As a successful model that
was able to withstand global economic crises based on the analysis
and comparison of statistical data for intra-regional exports and
imports of goods and services with the values of factors supporting
regional economic integration
The study concluded that macroeconomic indicators, the
difference in the economic structure, the availability of natural
resources, infrastructure development; labor efficiency, and the size of
the consumption market, are all factors that enhance the gains of
brown trade; Reducing the tariff rate is the most influential factor; The
volume of exchanges between the founding and organizing countries
varies after 1992.
Keywords: Economic integration, intra-trade, ASEAN, economic
structure, infrastructure, tariffs.
JEL Classification Codes: F02, F15,
[email protected] :‫ ﺍﻹﳝﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺑﻮﺿﻴﺎﻑ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ‬

: ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬.1
،‫ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﲰﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬، ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬

179
 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﻭﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ‬

‫ﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ؟‬
‫ﻭﰎ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻼﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﻮﺟﺰﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪،‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪﺍﺛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﲡﺪﺩ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲝﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩﺓ ﰎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1 .2‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ )‪ (intégration‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻴﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﺷﻜ ﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺩﻭﱄ ﺑﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪ ) .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﱪﻭﻙ‪،2006 ،‬ﺹ‪( 10‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻴﻼ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻮ »ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ "ﻓﺒﻮﺻﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ" ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺎ "ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﻠﻐﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪) .‬ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪،2005‬ﺹ‪(29‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﱪﺟﻦ ‪ Tinbergen‬ﻓﲑﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻼﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺃﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‪) .‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﺘﻴﺖ‪ ،2004 ،‬ﺹ‪(7‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﱄ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﱃ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .2.2‬ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻵﰐ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻗﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ‪) .‬ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﺭ‪،2013 ،‬ﺹ‪(388‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲟﻮﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﲝﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪) .‬ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺣﺴﲔ‪،2004 ،‬ﺹ‬
‫‪(299‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪) .‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺮﺍﺭ‪(389 ، 2007 ،‬‬
‫د‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ( ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻗﺎ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪) .‬ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‪،2001 ،‬ﺹ ‪(157‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ )ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ(‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﴰﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪) .‬ﻋﺠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،1978 ،‬ﺹ ‪(144‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﺨﻄﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪) .‬ﻋﺮﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫‪،2006‬ﺹ ‪(306‬‬
‫‪.3.2‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ )ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ( )‪(ASEAN‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺃﻣﻢ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1965‬ﻋﻘﺐ ﺻﺮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﱪﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻮﻙ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 08‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 1967‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ )ﻗﺸﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪،2017‬ﺹ ‪(60‬‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺧﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﳊﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1984‬ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ 1995‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭﺱ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﳕﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1997‬ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1999‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﲏ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺘﺖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﺔ‪،1999 ،‬ﺹ ‪(61‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ‪ AIC‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1971‬ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻃﲔ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ) ﺭﻣﻴﺪﻱ ‪،‬ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪،2009‬ﺹ ‪(81‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ‪ ATP‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1977‬ﰎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺧﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺿﺨﻢ ﳏﻮﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﲤﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 60‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻒ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ )ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ‪،2003،‬ﺹ‪(85‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ‪ AISV‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﳑﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﲟﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻟﻸﺳﻴﺎﻥ ‪ AFTA‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1992‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺄﻛﱪ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1997‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻡ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ 2010‬ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭ‪2015‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﳕﻮﺍ‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﻮﺝ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ‪ WGICP‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ AHIA‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ )ﺟﺎﺩ‪،1995 ،‬ﺹ‪(56‬‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 1967‬ﻭﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ) ﺑﻮﻗﺎﻋﺔ‪،2021 ،‬ﺹ‪(112‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺻﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ . 3‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﰲ ﳕﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺋﺾ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻊ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﳎﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﲟﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫‪.1.3‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫‪ 24.4‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2012‬ﻭ‪ 21.21‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2020‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (NAFTA‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﺇﱃ ‪2013‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ‪ 2014‬ﻭ‪ 2015‬ﻭ‪ 2016‬ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﻭ‪ 2018‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2019‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ 2020‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻭﻣﺪﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2011‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 2014‬ﰲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﰒ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪ 2015‬ﻭ‪ 2016‬ﻟﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻭﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪2017‬ﻭ‪2018‬ﻭ‪ 2019‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﱪﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑــــــــ ‪ 36‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰒ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 18.5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺑــــــ‪ 16‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻴﺒﲔ ﺑـــــ‬
‫‪ 6.12‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 5.9‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻗﺪ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﲢﻮﻻ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﳔﻔﻀﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2011‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 31.77‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪19.70‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑــــــــ ‪ 16.92‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺑــــــــ‬
‫‪ 15.83‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ‪ 9.31‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭ‪ 4.85‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﲢﻮﻻ ﻻﻓﺘﺎ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪23.96‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﳔﻔﻀﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺰﻭﻍ ﳒﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﻄﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﲡﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﲨﺎﱄ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺎﲡﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ "ﺩﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﻱ" ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ )ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﳋﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﺍ ﻫﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻴﻘﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻃﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺑﻮﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،2021 ،‬ﺹ ‪(180‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪) .‬ﺑﻮﻗﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،2021،‬ﺹ‪(123‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪2020-2011‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫‪https://www.asean.org‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﺰﺋﺔ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2011‬ﺍﱄ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2014‬ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 338.613.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2013‬ﰒ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2014‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺩﱐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﻓﺎﺋﻀﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺍ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ :2017‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﺪﱐ ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺍﺩﱐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﳍﺎ ‪277.896.3‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻭ‪240.085.1‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺘﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺪﺉ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﰲ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﳑﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 34.533.8‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪2018‬ﺍﱄ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻲ ﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﻟﺘﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2019‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﺩﱐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺑــــــ ‪288.622.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‪261.189.8‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑــــــ‬
‫‪ 27.423.93‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ .‬ﻟﻨﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﺃﻏﻤﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﲑ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺆﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﺤﺔ‬
‫‪.3.3‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻤﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :2‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫‪2020-2011‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 2‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﲝﺠﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2014‬ﻭ ‪ 2015‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻫﻲ‪ 13‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ ‪1.2‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10.5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 3.7‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 2020‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2019‬ﻭ ‪ 2020‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻫﻲ ‪ 16.3‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫‪ 43‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 14.5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 35‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 85‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭ‪15‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻓﺤﲔ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ‪ 20‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

‫‪Source: ASEAN Secretariat KEY FIGURES 2021, P46‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﱐ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪2005‬ﺍﱃ ‪ 2008‬ﰒ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2009‬ﻟﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2014‬ﻭ‪ 2015‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺁﺧﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﺭﺟﻴﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ 2016‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪2019‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2020‬ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺶ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ 2020-2005‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ 2005‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 2008‬ﻟﺘﺒﺪﺉ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2009‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪2010‬ﺍﱃ ‪ 2014‬ﺍﻧﺘﻌﺸﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺳﻨﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪2015‬ﻭ‪ 2016‬ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ 2019‬ﻭﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ ‪ 19‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﲏ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2005‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2008‬ﰒ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2009‬ﻟﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2014‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪2015‬ﻭ‪ 2016‬ﻟﺘﺒﺪﺉ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2019‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 2020‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﲢﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1.4‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻔﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 2‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﳕﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﰲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﳔﻔﺎﺿﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ‪ 2013‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﰒ ﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪ 3.9‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2019‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻭﻧﻔﻂ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 65‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ‪ 95‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 5.1‬ﻋﺪﺍ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﰲ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ 4.4‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 2.2‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﳕﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﱯ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﲟﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀ ﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪3‬ﻭ‪ 4‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 70‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ 68‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺮﺕ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺃﺯﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﳒﺪﻩ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ ﻭﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ‪ 0.7-‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ‪ 4.2‬ﰲ ﺑﻠﻐﺎﺭﻳﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪.2.4‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻱ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Source: STATISTICAL ASEAN YEARBOOK 2021, P 26‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﱐ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﳕﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑـــــــ ‪ 22‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻓﻼﺣﺔ ﻭ ‪ 36‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 17‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 37‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.3.4‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺰﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﲤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫)ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺎﻑ‪،2021 ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺹ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :3‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2020‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 3‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺭ ﺇﺫ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 650‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺑــــــــ ‪329‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺑــــــــ ‪ 171‬ﻭ ‪ 141‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ‪ 33.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﻭﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﺇﱃ ‪ 600‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻏﱪ ‪123‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 24‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺳﻜﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 231.592‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﳊﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﻱ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲢﻮﻱ ‪ 77‬ﻣﻄﺎﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳒﺪ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 34‬ﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﱄ ﰒ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑـــــــ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﲑﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 115‬ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 64‬ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :4‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2020‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑــــــ ‪ 106‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـــــــ ‪ 132‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭ ﻭﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﻓﻨﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫‪ 50‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻨﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺘﺨﻄﻰ ‪ 60‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 70‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 90‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﻮﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.4.4‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﺷﻄﺔ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻤﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :5‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2020‬‬

‫ﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 5‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ‪ 70‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 61‬ﻭﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺕ ‪ 95‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺑـــــــــ‬
‫‪ 89‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﺃﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﳑﺘﺎﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺑــــــــ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﰊ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ ‪57‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ‪62‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭ‪ 51‬ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭ ﻭ‪ 53‬ﻣﺎﻳﻨﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.5.4‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﻛﺄﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻟﻸﺟﻞ ﺩﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :6‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪2020-2011‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :7‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﳕﻮ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪2020-2011‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ ‪6‬ﻭ‪ 7‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺳﻮﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ‪ 596‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2011‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪661‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﺜﻞ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ 40‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 15.7‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﰒ ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑــــــــ ‪ 14.7‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺑــــــــ ‪ 11‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻨﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑـــــ ‪ 8.4‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ‪ 4.8‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ‪ 2.4‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺑــــــــ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ‪ 0.87‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺑـــــــــ ‪ 0.07‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺳﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﻱ ﳒﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 59.784.8‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﲝﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫‪ 25.885.3‬ﻭ ‪ 10.328.1‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻨﻤﺎﺭ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪1.528.7‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ 1.285.8‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻜﻞ ﻓﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ‪ 3.787.4‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﺇﱃ‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫‪ 4.533.2‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2020‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻭﺗﻜﺴﺒﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪.6.4‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﲝﺴﺐ‬
‫ﲣﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :8‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2020‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪https://www.asean.org‬‬

‫ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺨﺸﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﺭﺯ ﻭﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺭﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺻﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 8‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺑــــــــ ‪ 712.112‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻼ ﻭﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺑــــــــ ‪ 541.017‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻼ ﰒ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪202.117‬‬
‫ﻭ‪193.264‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ‪ 6.7‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ‪ 70‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ 50‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﺨﻄﲔ ‪ 40‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻨﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻬﻲ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ ‪ 30‬ﻭ‪ 20‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺍﺽ ﺧﺼﺒﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.7.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﲪﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ : 3‬ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‬

‫‪Source: ASEAN INTEGRATION RE PORT 2019, P20‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ‪ 2018-2010‬ﻭﺑﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ‪ AFTA‬ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1992‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﲔ ‪ ASEAN6‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ‪ CEPT‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻲ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 0‬ﻭ ‪ 5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1995‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪ CMLV‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﲝﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺻﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2010‬ﻭﲝﻠﻮﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 2015‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ CMLV‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ‪ 6.1‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﱄ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ‪2.7‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪3‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ 2.7‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 2017‬ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪4.2‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺊ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ‪ ASEANE 6‬ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﻨﱵ ‪ 2013‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﲡﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﺯﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 0.9‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2018‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪1.4‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪2.6‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2010‬ﻭﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ASEANE 6‬ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 90‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ CMLV‬ﻟﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 80‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﲔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪20‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﲔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﻧﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺳﻌﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳊﺠﻢ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.1.5‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺮﺍﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺩﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻭﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻴﻤﻦ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ‪ 85‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺃﻧﺪﻭﻧﺴﻴﺎ ﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﻞ ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﻈﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺳﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪.1995‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‬
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‫‪ -‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻼﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﳕﻮ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻭﺗﻜﺴﺒﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻭﲤﺘﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺑــــــــ ‪ 9‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻟﺘﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ‪ CEPT‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻲ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 0‬ﻭ‪ 5‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 2010‬ﻛﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪﺍ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺻﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪ 2015‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2011‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.2020‬‬
‫‪.2.5‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﲝﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻭﻛﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﱪﺯ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻭﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺹ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺰﻑ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫‪-1‬ﻧﺰﻳﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﱪﻭﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ .(2006) ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﰎ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﲑ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ‪)،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ﺝ‪)،(2‬ﻁ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ (1994)،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺳﺘﻴﺖ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (2004‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‪،‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﲔ‬ ‫‪-3‬ﺯﻳﻨﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.(2004)،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪) ،‬ﻁ ‪(3‬‬
‫‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪،(2007)،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-5‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(2001‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﺠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ، (1978‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺣﺮﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﺮﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪، (2006) ،‬ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-8‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ‪11‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪،2001‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪، (2003) ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪- 9‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺳﻴﺎ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،(1995) ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-10‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻻﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‪)،‬ﻣﺎﻱ ‪.(1999‬‬
‫‪-11‬ﻋﺸﻮﺭ ﻗﺸﻲ ‪،‬ﺃﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺹ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.(2017) ،‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪-12‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺘﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪.(2009)،‬‬
‫‪-13‬ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﻭ ﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻑ‪،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.(2021)،‬‬
‫‪-14‬ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺑﻮﻗﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪.(2021‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﳋﻀﺮ ﺑﻮﺣﺎﰎ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪.(2021) ،‬‬
‫‪16-ASEAN Key Figures .(2021) .secretarit is based in jakarta‬‬
‫‪indonesia .‬‬
‫‪17-ASEAN YEARBOOK .(2021).secretarit is based in jakarta‬‬
‫‪indonesia.‬‬
‫‪18-https://www.asean.org‬‬
‫‪.7‬ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻖ ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﳎﻠﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(17‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ .(01‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2022‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ‪ :1‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Source: STATISTICAL ASEAN YEARBOOK 2021, P 5‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ‪ :2‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﻴﺎ‬

‫‪Source: STATISTICAL ASEAN YEARBOOK 2021, P 40‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ‪ :3‬ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻋﻤﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺭ‬

‫‪Source: STATISTICAL ASEAN YEARBOOK 2021, P 4‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Source: STATISTICAL ASEAN YEARBOOK 2021, P 4‬‬

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