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Part 2 of 3. Relations and Functions

1. The document defines key concepts related to relations and functions including Cartesian products of sets, relations represented as ordered pairs, tables or graphs, and functions as a special type of relation where each input has a single output. 2. It provides examples of how to identify the domain, codomain and range of relations and functions represented by ordered pairs. It also discusses evaluating functions by finding the output for a given input. 3. Examples are given for applying concepts like evaluating functions to calculate properties of geometric shapes and scheduling games in a sports league.

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9 views

Part 2 of 3. Relations and Functions

1. The document defines key concepts related to relations and functions including Cartesian products of sets, relations represented as ordered pairs, tables or graphs, and functions as a special type of relation where each input has a single output. 2. It provides examples of how to identify the domain, codomain and range of relations and functions represented by ordered pairs. It also discusses evaluating functions by finding the output for a given input. 3. Examples are given for applying concepts like evaluating functions to calculate properties of geometric shapes and scheduling games in a sports league.

Uploaded by

ladyv939
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 2.

Relations and Functions


Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student are
expected to:
1. Define a Cartesian product;
2. Identify the Cartesian product of any
given two sets;
3. Define relations in their own words;
and
4. Describe relations in different ways
correctly.
Relations and Functions
RECALL
Cartesian Product
of Sets A and B (A × B)
The Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted
A × B, is the set of all possible ordered pairs (x, y)
where the elements of A are first and the elements
of B are second.
It can be defined as:
A × B = {(a, b) | a A and b B}.

Consider sets A and B,


A = { x, y}
B = { 2, 4, 6}
Relation
• set of ordered pairs
• is a correspondence between two sets (called the
domain and the range) such that to each element of the
domain, there is assigned one or more elements of the
range.
• Domain – set of all values of x (first coordinates)
• Range – set of all values of y (second coordinates)

Example: (2,3), (2,4), (3,7), and (5,2)


Domain: {2,3,5}
Range: {2,3,4,7}
Representations of Relations
• Ordered Pairs:{ (1,2), (2,4), (3,6) , (4,8)}
• Table of Values (horizontal or vertical)

• Mapping Diagram
• Graph
Kinds of Relations
Functions as Relations
• A function is a correspondence, or
relationship, between two sets called the
domain and range such that for each element
of the domain there corresponds exactly one
element of the range.

• All functions are relations, but not all relations


are functions.
Function or Not???
Functions can be classified in terms of relations as
follows:
The Vertical Line Test
• A set of points in the plane represents y as a
function of x if and only if no two points lie on
the same vertical line.

• If a vertical line drawn through a graph of a


relation intersects the graph in more than one
point, the relation cannot be a function.
Function or Not???
Function or Not???
Domain, Codomain and Range
• If f is a function from A to B, we say that A is the domain of
f and B is the codomain of f. If f(a) =b , we say that b is the
image of a and a is the preimage of b. The range, or image,
of f is the set of all images of elements of A. Also, if f is a
function from A to B, we say that f maps A to B.
• The codomain of a function from A to B is the set of all
possible values of such a function(that is, all elements of B),
and the range is the set of all values of f(a) for a ϵ A, and is
always a subset of the codomain. That is, the codomain is
the set of possible values of the function and the range is
the set of all elements of the codomain that are achieved as
the value of f for at least one element of the domain.
Domain, Codomain and Range
• A = { A, B, C , D, E}
• B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
• f = {(A, 2), (B, 3), (C, 5), (D, 6), (E, 7)}

Domain: { A, B, C, D, E}
Codomain: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Range: {2, 3, 5, 6, 7}
Examples
• A = { 2, 4, 6, 8}
• B = {5, 10, 15, 20}
• f = {(2, 5), (4, 10), (8, 15)

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Sum and Product of Functions
Functions…
Functions can also be defined by equations in two
variables.

For instance, when gravity is the only force acting on


a falling body, a function that describes the distance
s, in feet, an object will fall in t seconds is given by
.

Given a value of (time), the value of s (the distance


the object falls) can be found. Find if .
Evaluating a Function
• Evaluating a function means determining the corresponding
image (output) of a given pre-image (input). It simply
means finding the y-value for a given x-value of the
function.
Evaluate a Function
1. Given the function , evaluate
.
2. Let find h(-2).
3. Evaluate when .
4. Evaluate when .
5. Let , find .
Application of Evaluating a Function
1. The surface area of a cube (the sum of the areas of each of
the six faces) is given by where is the surface
area of the cube and is the length of one side of the cube. Find
the surface area of a cube that has a side of length 10
centimeters.

2. A diagonal of a polygon is a line segment from one vertex to a


nonadjacent vertex. The total number of diagonals of a polygon
is given by where is the total number of diagonals
and s is the number of sides of the polygon. Find the total
number of diagonals of a polygon with 12 sides.
Application of Evaluating a Function
3. The perimeter P of a square is a function of the length of one of its
sides and is given by .
a. Find the perimeter of a square whose side is 4 meters.
b. Find the perimeter of a square whose side is 5 feet.

4. In a softball league in which each team plays every other team three
times, the number of games that must be scheduled depends on the
number of teams n in the league and is given by
a. How many games must be scheduled for a league that has five
teams?
b. How many games must be scheduled for a league that has six
teams?
Exercises 1 of 2
Evaluate the function for the given value.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Exercises 2 of 2
1. The time , in seconds, it takes a pendulum to make one swing depends
on the length of the pendulum and is given by ,where is the length of
the pendulum in feet.
a. Find the time it takes the pendulum to make one swing if the length of
the pendulum is 3 feet.
b. If the length is reduced by 1.5 feet, find the time it takes to complete 1
swing?
2. The percent concentration of salt in a particular salt water solution depends on
the number of grams of salt that are added to the solution and is given by
.
a. What is the original percent concentration of salt?
b. What is the percent concentration of salt after 5 more grams of salt are
added?

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