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Unit 1 Tahsili

Biology is the science that studies living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. It deals with all levels of organization of life from cells to ecosystems. The main characteristics of living organisms are organization, growth, reproduction, metabolism, response to stimuli, homeostasis, and adaptation. Biologists play important roles in researching and curing diseases, developing new technologies, improving agriculture, and preserving the environment. The scientific method involves making observations and developing hypotheses, collecting data through experiments or other means, and drawing conclusions. Key aspects of experiments include control and experimental groups, as well as independent and dependent variables.

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145 views7 pages

Unit 1 Tahsili

Biology is the science that studies living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. It deals with all levels of organization of life from cells to ecosystems. The main characteristics of living organisms are organization, growth, reproduction, metabolism, response to stimuli, homeostasis, and adaptation. Biologists play important roles in researching and curing diseases, developing new technologies, improving agriculture, and preserving the environment. The scientific method involves making observations and developing hypotheses, collecting data through experiments or other means, and drawing conclusions. Key aspects of experiments include control and experimental groups, as well as independent and dependent variables.

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educationpurpuses111
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Biology: Science that deals with the origin of life and its
 history, and the structure of the living organisms, and how they
 do there job, how they communicate with each other, anatomy,
 physiology and behavior
 Growth: it is an increase in size, & /or number of cells of a

living organism

 Living organism:
 A living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli,
reproduce, grow, adapt and maintain homeostasis.
 Cell: cell is the fundamental unit of life ( basic ), and that all living things are
composed of one or more cells
 Tissues: A group of cells working together to perform a specific function
 Organ: a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
 Organ system: A group of organs working together to perform one or
more functions.

 The role of biologists:


1- Research and study different diseases: what causes diseases, and how to cure
and prevent it.
2- Develop technologies: the application of scientific knowledge to solve human
needs, like “bionic hands” and prosthetic limbs.
3- Improve agriculture: genetic engineering of plants for the plants to become
more resistant to diseases and insects.
4- Preserve the environment: prevent the extinction of animals and plants by
developing ways to protect them like reproductive strategies.
5- Study the diversity of life (different species): Helped us understand
characteristics and the qualities of living things.

1- All the following are biological studies except:


A. Disease Research
B. Environmental Protection
C. Improving Agriculture
D. Astrology

2- Prosthetic Limbs are an example of:


A. Technological Development
B. Environmental Protection
C. Improving Agriculture
D. Disease Research

3- A researcher studied the genetic makeup of plants, and their ability to resist
infection and insects. This researcher is working on:
A. Technological Development
B. Environmental Protection
C. Improving Agriculture
D. Disease Research

4- is the study of the origin & history of life, as well as the structure of living
organisms:
A. Physics
B. Biology
C. Geology
D. Zoology

5- An artificial heart valve comes under the scope of:


A. Environmental Protection
B. Disease Research
C. Improving Agriculture
D. Technological Development

6- Which of the following would be a major focus for a biologist:


A. The composition of water in hot springs
B. The location of the hot springs.
C. Bacteria found in hot springs.
D. The temperature of hot springs

7- Which would be an activity conducted by a biologist?


A. Design a new, solar-powered car
B. Describe the behavior of brown bats
C. Identify the cause of a volcanic eruption
D. Teach people how to plant corn

The main characteristics of the living organisms (organization, growth,


reproduction, needs energy, respond to stimuli, maintain internal equilibrium,
adaptation).

 Growth leads to the increase of mass and size of the living


organisms, and it gets lots of abilities.
 Reproduction is a biological process which aims to maintain the
continuation of a species.
 Stimulus and response :
 A stimulus: is a change in the environment that results in a reaction.
 A response : is a reaction that occurs due to the change in
environment
 Adaptation: the organisms ability to change, allowing it to become
better suited for survival in the environment
 Homeostasis: is a state of equilibrium of an organism’s internal
conditions , essential for its survival
1- The reaction of a living organism to a stimulus is:
A- Response
B- Growth
C- Adaptation
D- Extinction
2- An increase in size of a living organism is called:

A- Growth
B- Adaptation
C- Size

D- Response
3- The basic functional unit of living organisms is:

A- Heart
B- Cell
C- Eye

D- Tissue

4- Which of the following correctly describes an organism's


ability to survive a change in environmental conditions:
A- Growth
B- Homeostasis
C- Response

D- Adaptation
5- Maintenance of an organism's internal conditions, essential for
survival:

A- Adaptation
B- Response
C- Homeostasis

D- Growth
6- The white hair of a polar bear is an example,

A- Adaptation
B- Reproduction
C- Species

D- Genus

7- Which of the following best describes adaptation?


A- Increase in size
B- Short term behavioral change
C- Physical change
D- Genetic change that resulted from an environmental
exposure

8- The leaves of desert plants adapt to lack of wale by all the


following except:
A- Curling of the leaves
B- Decrease number of stomata
C- Increased surface area of the leaf
D- Decreasing surface area of the leaf

Scientific methods:

 Scientists rely on scientific methods when conducting a study, and these


methods are done in steps, which are :

1- Observation: Direct method of collecting data


2- Hypothesis: it is a proposed answer for a scientific study, that must be
specific and testable
3- Data collection: process of gathering information on the variable being
tested.
4- conclusion: the outcome of the study

 An experiment is a scientific procedure done to test a


hypothesis. It is conducted in a controlled environment, it
includes.

1- The control group, which is present for comparison of


results (provides a standard for comparison)

2- The experimental group, the group that is going to be


exposed to the factor that we are studying
3- The independent variable is the factor being changed by
the scientist, which may influence the outcome of the
experiment.

4- The dependent variable can be observed or measured,


as it depends on the independent variable

 A conclusion is an assumption made based on previous


experience

 A theory is a carefully thought-out explanation for


observations of the natural world that has been
constructed using the scientific method, and which brings
together many facts, hypotheses, and experiments

 The metric system is a system of measurement that uses


the meter for distance (length), liter for capacity (volume),
gram for weight (mass) and seconds for time.

1- What is the first step in scientific methods:
A- Hypothesis
B- Conclusion
C- Observation
D- Data Collection

2- A biologist used a camera to observe the behavior of rabbits, and how they treat their
kittens.Which of the following methods was used to obtain this information:
A- Theory
B- Observation
C- Conclusion
D- Hypothesis

3- After a biologist spent some time observing bats, he established that bats are
mammals, this is called a(n):
A- Control Group
B- Metric System
C- Independent Variable
D- Conclusion

4- A carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world


A- Theory
B- Hypothesis
C- Environment
D- Ecology
5- A testable proposed answer for a scientific study is
A- Deforestation
B- Hypothesis
C- Theory
D- Observation

6- Jack is testing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity, which of the
following is the independent variable:
A- Temperature
B- Type of enzyme
C- Concentration of Enzyme
D- pH of solution

7- Mays is testing the effect of nitrate concentration on rate of growth of a plant. Which
of the following is the dependent variable:
A- Light intensity
B- Nitrate concentration
C- Growth of plant
D- Water content of soil

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