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I3 TD6

1. A study tested the tread wear of different car and tire combinations, resulting in 20 observations. The sums of squares SSA, SSB, and SSE were computed to test for differences in tread wear due to car make and tire brand using ANOVA. 2. An experiment tested corrosion on metal pipes with different coatings buried in different soils, resulting in 12 observations. ANOVA was used to test if corrosion depends on coating or soil type. 3. Coding data by adding a constant or multiplying by a constant does not affect ANOVA conclusions, as it only changes sums of squares by a proportional amount.

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41 views2 pages

I3 TD6

1. A study tested the tread wear of different car and tire combinations, resulting in 20 observations. The sums of squares SSA, SSB, and SSE were computed to test for differences in tread wear due to car make and tire brand using ANOVA. 2. An experiment tested corrosion on metal pipes with different coatings buried in different soils, resulting in 12 observations. ANOVA was used to test if corrosion depends on coating or soil type. 3. Coding data by adding a constant or multiplying by a constant does not affect ANOVA conclusions, as it only changes sums of squares by a proportional amount.

Uploaded by

Chhin Visal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Statistics

I3–TD6
(Two-Factor ANOVA)
1. The number of miles of useful tread wear (in 1000s) was determined for tires of each
of five different makes of subcompact car (factor A, with I = 5 ) in combination
with each of four different brands of radial tires (factor B, with J = 4 ), resulting in
IJ = 20 observations. The values SSA = 30.6, SSB = 44.1, and SSE = 59.2 were
then computed. Assume that an additive model is appropriate.
a. Test H0 : α1 = α2 = α3 = α4 = α5 = 0(no differences in true average tire lifetime
due to makes of cars) versus Ha : at least one αi = 0 using a level 0.05 test.
b. H0 : β1 = β2 = β3 = β4 = 0(no differences in true average tire lifetime due to
brands of tires) versus Ha : at least one βj using a level 0.05 test.
2. Four different coatings are being considered for corrosion protection of metal pipe. The
pipe will be buried in three different types of soil. To investigate whether the amount
of corrosion depends either on the coating or on the type of soil, 12 pieces of pipe
are selected. Each piece is coated with one of the four coatings and buried in one of
the three types of soil for a fixed time, after which the amount of corrosion (depth of
maximum pits, in .0001 in.) is determined. The data appears in the table.

Soil Type (B)


1 2 3
1 64 49 50
Coating (A) 2 53 51 48
3 47 45 50
4 51 43 52

a. Assuming the validity of the additive model, carry out the ANOVA analysis using
an ANOVA table to see whether the amount of corrosion depends on either the
type of coating used or the type of soil. Use α = 0.05.
b. Compute µ̂, αˆ1 , αˆ2 , αˆ3 , αˆ4 , βˆ1 , βˆ2 , and βˆ3 .

3. a. Show that a constant d can be added to (or subtracted from) each xij without
affecting any of the ANOVA sums of squares.
b. Suppose that each xij is multiplied by a nonzero constant c. How does this affect
the ANOVA sums of squares? How does this affect the values of the F statistics
FA and FB ? What effect does “coding” the data by yij = cxij + d have on the
conclusions resulting from the ANOVA procedures?
4. In an experiment to see whether the amount of coverage of light-blue interior latex
paint depends either on the brand of paint or on the brand of roller used, one gallon of
each of four brands of paint was applied using each of three brands of roller, resulting
in the following data (number of square feet covered).

Roller Brand
1 2 3
1 454 446 451
Paint 2 446 444 447
Brand 3 439 442 444
4 444 437 443

1/2 2018–2019
Institute of Technology of Cambodia Statistics

a. Construct the ANOVA table. [Hint: The computations can be expedited by


subtracting 400 (or any other convenient number) from each observation. This
does not affect the final results.]
b. State and test hypotheses appropriate for deciding whether paint brand has any
effect on coverage. Use α = 0.05 .
c. Repeat part (b) for brand of roller.
d. Use Tukey’s method to identify significant differences among brands. Is there one
brand that seems clearly preferable to the others?
e. Check the normality and constant variance assumptions graphically.
P P
5. Use the fact that E(Xij ) = µ + αi + βj with i αi = j βj = 0 to show that E(X̄i. −
X̄.. ) = αi , so that α̂i = X̄i. − X̄.. is an unbiased estimator for αi .
6. The accompanying data table gives observations on total acidity of coal samples of
three different types, with determinations made using three different concentrations of
ethanolic NaOH (“Chemistry of Brown Coals,” Australian J. Applied Science, 1958:
375-379).
Type of Coal
Morwell Yallourn Maddingley
.404N 8.27, 8.17 8.66, 8.61 8.14, 7.96
NaOH Conc. .626N 8.03, 8.21 8.42, 8.58 8.02, 7.89
.786N 8.60, 8.20 8.61, 8.76 8.13, 8.07
a. Assuming both effects to be fixed, construct an ANOVA table, test for the presence
of interaction, and then test for the presence of main effects for each factor (all
using level .01).
b. Use Tukey’s procedure to identify significant differences among the types of coal.

7. A study was carried out to compare the writing lifetimes of four premium brands of
pens. It was thought that the writing surface might affect lifetime, so three different
surfaces were randomly selected. A writing machine was used to ensure that condi-
tions were otherwise homogeneous (e.g., constant pressure and a fixed angle). The
accompanying table shows the two lifetimes (min) obtained for each brand-surface
combination.
Writing Surface
1 2 3 xi..
1 709, 659 713, 726 660, 645 4112
Brand 2 668, 685 722, 740 692, 720 4227
of Pen 3 659, 685 666, 684 678, 750 4122
4 698, 650 704, 666 686, 733 4137
x.j. 5413 5621 5564 16,598
Carry out an appropriate ANOVA, and state your conclusions.
8. a. Show that E(X̄i.. − X̄ − ...) = αi , so that X̄i.. − X̄... is an unbiased estimator for
αi (in the fixed effects model).
b. With γ̂ij = X̄ij. − X̄i.. − X̄.j. + X̄... , show that γ̂ij is an unbiased estimator for γij
(in the fixed effects model).

2/2 2018–2019

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