ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CASE/SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

(Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

1(A) The lowest state of the atom, called the ground state, is of the lowest energy. The energy of this state (n
= 1), E1 is –13.6 eV. Therefore, the minimum energy required to free the electron from the ground state of
the hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. It is called the ionisation energy of the hydrogen atom. At room temperature,
most of the hydrogen atoms are in ground state. When a hydrogen atom receives energy by processes such
as electron collisions, the atom may acquire sufficient energy to raise the electron to higher energy states.
The atom is then said to be in an excited state. When the electron fall back to a state of lower energy from
these excited states then, photons are emitted in this the process.

S.No.

1 Energy correspond to third excited state is

(a) - 3.4 eV
(b) -0.85 eV
(c) -1.51 eV
(d) -4.53 eV
2 Energy required to ionize a H-atom from second excited state is –
(a) 1.51 eV
(b) 3.4 eV
(c) 13.6 eV
(d) 12.1 eV
3 Energy required to excite an electron in H-atom to its first excited state is-
(a) 13.6 eV
(b) – 10.2 eV
(c) 10.2 eV
(d) 12.09 eV
4 As principal quantum number ‘n’ increases value of excitation energy –
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains same
(d) none of above

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 1

2. Bohr combined classical and early quantum concepts and gave his theory in the form of three postulates.
These are :
(i) Bohr’s first postulate was that an electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the
emission of radiant energy.

(ii) Bohr’s second postulate states that the electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for
which the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π where h is the Planck’s constant (h = 6.6
x10–34 J s). Thus the angular momentum (L) of the orbiting electron is quantised. That is

L = nh/2π

(iii) Bohr’s third postulate states that an electron might make a transition from one of its specified non-
radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is emitted having energy equal to the
energy difference between the initial and final states. The frequency of the emitted photon is then given by

hν = Ei – Ef
Where Ei and Ef are the energies of the initial and final states and Ei > Ef .

S.No.

1 (i) The radii of stationary orbits is proportional to

(a) n
(b) n2
(c) n-1
(d) n-2

2 Bohr’s model is applicable for –

(a) He2+
(b) Li3+
(c) Li 2+
(d) He

3 Maximum frequency of emission is obtained for the transition

(a) n=2 to n=1
(b) n=1 to n=2
(c) n=2 to n=6
(d) n=6 to n=2
4 Bohr’s model can not explain-
(a) stability of atom
(b) line spectra of atom
(c) intensity variation of frequencies in spectrum
(d) quantization of angular momentum of electron
3 Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom

The spectral series of hydrogen atom were accounted for by Bohr using the relation - R where
R= Rydberg constant-1.097 x 107 m-1

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 2

 Lyman series is obtained when an electron jumps to first orbit from any subsequent orbit.
Similarly, Balmer series is obtained when an electron jumps to 2nd orbit from any subsequent
orbit, Paschen series is obtained when an electron jumps to 3rd orbit from any subsequent orbit.
Whereas Lyman series lies in U.V. region, Balmer series is in visible region and Paschen series
lies in infrared region. Series limit is obtained when n = infinite,

(i) The wavelength of first spectral line of Lyman series is

(a) 12154 A

(b) 12154 cm

(c) 1215.4 m

(d) 1215.4 mm

(ii) The wavelength limit of Lyman series is

(a) 12154 A

(b) 511.9 A

(c) 951.6 A

(d) 911.6 A

(iii) The frequency of first spectral line of Balmer series is

(a) 1.097 x 10 Hz

(b) 4.57 x 10¹ Hz

(c) 4.57 x 10¹5 Hz

(d) 4.57 x 10 Hz

(iv) Which of the following transitions in hydrogen atoms emit photons of highest
frequency?

(a) n=1 to n=2

(b) n=2 to n=6

(c) n=6 to n=2

(d) n=2 to n=1

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 3

 (v) The ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength in Balmer series is

(a) 5:9

(b) 5:36

(c) 1:4

(d) 3:4
4 Excited state of atom:

At room temperature, most of the H-atoms are in ground state. When an atom receives some
energy (i.e by electron collisions), the atom may acquire sufficient energy to raise electron to
higher energy state. In this condition, the atom is said to be in excited state. From the excited
state, the electron can fall back to a state of lower energy emitting a photon equal to the energy
difference of the orbit.

In a mixture of H-He+ gas (He+ is single ionized He atom), H-atoms and He+ ions are excited to
their respective first excited states. Subsequently, H-atoms transfer their total excitation energy
to He+ ions (by collisions).

(i) The quantum number n of the state finally populated in H+ ions is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

(ii) The wavelength of light emitted in the visible region by He+ ions after collisions with H-
atoms is

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 4

 (a) 6.5x 10-7 m (b) 5.6 x 10-7 m

(c) 48x10-7 m (d) 4.0 x 10-7 m

(iii) The ratio of kinetic energy of the electrons for the H-atoms to that of He+ ion for n=2 is

(a) 1/ 4 (b) ½ (c) 1 (d) 2

(iv Angular momentum of an electron in H-atom in first excited state is

(a) h/π (b)h/2π (c) 2π/h (d) π/h

5 Bohr's model explains the spectral lines of hydrogen atomic emission spectrum. While the
electron of the atom remains in the ground state, its energy is unchanged. When the atom
absorbs one or more quanta of energy, the electrons move from the ground state orbit to an

excited state orbit that is further away.

The given figure shows an energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom. Several transitions are

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 5

 marked as I, II, III and so on. The diagram is only indicative and not to scale.

(i) In which transition is a Balmer series photon absorbed?

(a) II (b) III (c) IV (d) VI

(ii) The wavelength of the radiation involved in transition II is

(a) 291 nm (b) 364 nm (c) 487 nm (d) 652 nm

(iii) Which transition will occur when a hydrogen atom is irradiated with radiation of
wavelength 103 nm?
(a) I (b) II (c) IV (d) V

(iv) The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from n = n1 to n = n2 state. The time
period of the electron in the initial state is eight times that in the final state. The possible values
of n1 and n2 are
(a) n1=4, n2=2 (b) n1=8, n2=2 (c) n1=8, n2=3 (d) n1=6, n2=2

(v) The Balmer series for the H-atom can be observed

(a) if we measure the frequencies of light emitted when an excited atom falls to the
ground state
(b) if we measure the frequencies of light emitted due to transitions between excited
states and the first excited state.
(c) in any transition in a H-atom
(d) none of these.

6. In 1911, Rutherford, along with his assistants, H. Geiger and E. Marsden, performed the alpha
particle scattering experiment. H. Geiger and E. Marsden took radioactive source (83Bi214) for
alpha-particles. A collimated beam of alpha-particles of energy 5.5 MeV was allowed to fall on
2.1 x 10-7 m thick gold foil. The alpha-particles were observed through a rotatable detector
consisting of a Zinc sulphide screen and microscope. It was found that alpha-particles got
scattered. These scattered alpha-particles produced scintillations on the zinc sulphide screen.
Observations of this experiment are as follows.
(I) Most of the alpha-particles passed through the foil without deflection.
(II) Only about 0.14% of the incident alpha-particles scattered by more than 1°.
(III) Only about one alpha-particle in every 8000 alpha-particles deflected by more than 90°.
These observations led to many arguments and conclusions which laid down the structure of the
nuclear model of an atom.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 6

 1) Rutherford's atomic model can be visualised as

(ii) Gold foil used in Geiger-Marsden experiment is about 10-8 m thick. This ensures
(a) gold foil's gravitational pull is small.
(b) gold foil is deflected when alpha-particle stream is not incident centrally over it
(c) gold foil provides no resistance to passage of alpha-particles
(d) most of the alpha-particle will not suffer more than 1° scattering during passage through
gold foil

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 7

 (iii) In Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment, the trajectory traced by an alpha-particle
depends on
(a) number of collisions
(b) number of scattered alpha- particles
(c) impact parameter
(d) none of these
(iv) In the Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment, in case of head-on collision, the impact
parameter should be
(a) maximum
(b) minimum
(c) infinite
(d) zero
(v) The fact only a small fraction of the number of incident particles rebound back in
Rutherford scattering indicates that
(a) number of alpha-particles undergoing head-on-collision is small.
(b) mass of the atom is concentrated in a small volume
(c) mass of the atom is concentrated in a large volume
(d) both (a) and (b).
7 ATOMIC MODEL: Atoms consist of three basic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons.
The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no
charge). The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons
(negatively charged). Atoms have different properties based on the arrangement and number of
their basic particles.

The hydrogen atom (H) contains only one

proton, one electron, and no neutrons. This can
be determined using the atomic number and the
mass number of the element. Thus hydrogen
atom is electrically neutral. If a hydrogen atom
loses one electron then it becomes H+ ion. Now
H+ ion has only one proton and one neutron.
1) The nature of charge of outermost region of the atom is

A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. none of above
2) Nucleus of an atom is positive due to

A. charge on electrons

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 8

 B. charge on protons
C. charge on neutrons
D. none of above

3) A hydrogen atom becomes H+ ion when it

A. loses one electron

B. gains one electron
C. loses one proton
D. loses one neutron

4) A nucleus contains

A. electron and proton

B. electron and neutron
C. proton and neutron
D. only neutron

5) Which of the following statement is always correct?

(A) an isolated atom has equal number of electrons and protons
(B) an atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons
(C) an atom has equal number of protons and neutrons
(D) an atom has equal number of electrons, protons and neutrons

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 9

 8 ALPHA PARTICLE TRAJECTORY: The trajectory traced by an alpha particle depends on
the impact parameter of the collision. The impact parameter is simply the perpendicular
distance of each alpha particle from the centre of the nucleus. Since in a beam all alpha particles
have the same kinetic energy, the scattering of these particles depends solely on the impact
parameter.

Hence, the particles with a small impact parameter or the particles closer to the nucleus,
experience large angle of scattering. On the other hand, those with a large impact parameter
suffer no deflection or scattering at all. Finally, those particles having zero impact parameter or
a head-on collision with the nucleus rebound back.

Coming to the experiment, Rutherford and his team observed that a really small fraction of the
incident alpha particles was rebounding back. Hence, only a small number of particles were
colliding head-on with the nucleus. This, subsequently, led them to believe that the mass of the
atom is concentrated in a very small volume.

1) The trajectory traced by an alpha particle depends on

A. speed of alpha particles

B. impact parameter
C. charge on alpha particle
D. none of the above

2) Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden, directed a beam of alpha particles on a foil of which
metal

A. platinum

B. tungsten

C. gold

D. silver
3) For head-on collision between alpha particle and nucleus, the angle of scattering is

A. 0o
B. 90o
C. 180o
D. 45o

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 10

 4) Mass of an atom is

A. equally distributed in entire volume of an atom

B. concentrated in a very small volume
C. zero
D. 1000 times larger than the nucleus
5) Most of the alpha particles passed away with a very small angle of scattering implies
that

A. there is no space in an atom

B. most of the space in an atom is empty
C. atom is positively charged
D. atom is negatively charged

9 Read the passage given below and answer the following questions…
Rutherford was the pioneer who postulated and established the existence of the atomic nucleus.
At Rutherford’s suggestion, Geiger and Marsden performed their classic experiment: on the
scattering of α-particles from thin gold foils. Their experiments revealed that the distance of
closest approach to a gold nucleus of an αparticle of kinetic energy 5.5 MeV is about 4.0 × 10–
14 m. The scattering of α-particle by the gold sheet could be understood by Rutherford by
assuming that the coulomb repulsive force was solely responsible for scattering. Since the
positive charge is confined to the nucleus, the actual size of the nucleus has to be less than 4.0 ×
10–14 m. If we use αparticles of higher energies than 5.5 MeV, the distance of closest approach
to the gold nucleus will be smaller and at some point the scattering will begin to be affected by
the short range nuclear forces, and differ from Rutherford’s calculations. Rutherford’s
calculations are based on pure coulomb repulsion between the positive charges of the α particle
and the gold nucleus. From the distance at which deviations set in, nuclear sizes can be inferred.
By performing scattering experiments in which fast electrons, instead of αparticles, are
projectiles that bombard targets made up of various elements, the sizes of nuclei of various
elements have been accurately measured. It has been found that a nucleus of mass number A
has a radius R = R0 A1/3, where R0 = 1.2 × 10–15 m. This means the volume of the nucleus,
which is proportional to R3 is proportional to A. Thus the density of nucleus is a constant,
independent of A, for all nuclei. Different nuclei are likes drop of liquid of constant density.
The density of nuclear matter is approximately 2.3 × 1017 kgm–3 . This density is very large
compared to ordinary matter, say water, which is 103 kg m–3 . This is understandable, as we
have already seen that most of the atom is empty. Ordinary matter consisting of atoms has a
large amount of empty space.
Q1. Relative density of nucleus with respect to water is
a) 2.3 × 1017 kgm–3 b) 2.3 × 1014 kgm–3 c) 23 × 1017 kgm–3 d) .23 × 1017
kgm–3

Q2. From R = R0A1/3 how can we conclude that density of almost all the nucleus is same

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 11

 a) Volume being proportional to square of R density becomes independent of mass number A
b) Volume being proportional to cube of R density becomes independent of mass number A
c) Volume being proportional to R density becomes independent of mass number A
d) Density has no relation with R

Q3. What is the kinetic energy of α-particles bombarded towards the gold nucleus in Geiger
and Marsden classic experiment?
a) 8.8 x 10-13 Joule b) 8.5 x 10-15 Joule
c) 8.8 x 10-13 Joule d) 8.9 x 10-13 Joule
e) 8.5 x 10-13 Joule

Q4. What is the range of volume of hydrogen nucleus?

a) 10-45m. b) 10-30m. c) 10-15m.
d) 10-60m

10 According to the third postulate of Bohr’s model, when an atom makes a transition
from the higher energy state with quantum number ni to the lower energy state with quantum
number nf (nf < ni), the difference of energy is carried away by a photon of frequency ν such
that hν = Eni – Enf. Since both nf and ni are integers, this immediately shows that in transitions
between different atomic levels, light is radiated in various discrete frequencies. For hydrogen
spectrum, the Balmer formula corresponds to nf = 2 and ni = 3, 4, 5 etc. The results of the
Bohr’s model suggested the presence of other series spectra for hydrogen atom–those
corresponding to transitions resulting from nf = 1 and ni = 2, 3, etc; nf = 3 and ni = 4, 5, etc.
and so on. Such series were identified in the course of spectroscopic investigations and are
known as the Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund series. The electronic transitions
corresponding to these series are shown in Fig. The various lines in the atomic spectra are
produced when electrons jump from higher energy state to a lower energy state and photons are
emitted. These spectral lines are called emission lines. But when an atom absorbs a photon that
has precisely the same energy needed by the electron in a lower energy state to make transitions
to a higher energy state, the process is called absorption. Thus if photons with a continuous
range of frequencies pass through a rarefied gas and then are analysed with a spectrometer, a
series of dark spectral absorption lines appear in the continuous spectrum. The dark lines
indicate the frequencies that have been absorbed by the atoms of the gas. The explanation of the
hydrogen atom spectrum provided by Bohr’s model was a brilliant achievement, which greatly
stimulated progress towards the modern quantum theory.

Q1. The series of spectrum when electron jumps from n = 5 to n = 3 is

a) Lymen b) Balmer c) Paschen d)
Bracket

Q2. Balmer series is obtained when electron transits from

a) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 5
b) n = 3,4,5 … to n = 2

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 12

 c) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 4
d) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 6 Q3.
From Fig. shown predict which series has waves of maximum frequency
a) Lymen b) Balmer c) Paschen d)
Bracket

Q4. What is the maximum energy of photon in emission spectrum of hydrogen atom
a) 13.6 eV b) 1.36 eV c) 1.5 eV
d) 1Ev

11 (Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

(A) each element has a characteristic spectrum of radiation, which it emits. When an atomic gas
or vapour is excited at low pressure, usually by passing an electric current through it, the
emitted radiation has a spectrum which contains certain specific wavelengths only. A spectrum
of this kind is termed as emission line spectrum and it consists of bright lines on a dark
background. The spectrum emitted by atomic hydrogen is shown in Fig. 12.5. Study of
emission line spectra of a material can therefore serve as a type of “fingerprint” for
identification of the gas. When white light passes through a gas and we analyse the transmitted
light using a spectrometer we find some dark lines in the spectrum. These dark lines correspond
precisely to those wavelengths which were found in the emission line spectrum of the gas. This
is called the absorption spectrum of the material of the gas

S.No.

1 Spectrum of white light is

(a) Continuous
(b) Discrete
(c) Both
(d) None of the above

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 13

 2 If certain wavelengths of light is missing from a spectra it could be
(a) Absorption Spectra
(b) Emission Spectra
(c) Continuous Spectra
(d) None of the above
3 Layman Spectral series of hydrogen atom lies in
(a) Visible Region
(b) UV region
(c) IR region
(d) None of the above
4 By analysing radiation from a source we found spectral series matching balmer series ,
what can we say about the source
(a) Its emitting radiation in IR region
(b) nothing can be deduce from the given information
(c) Source is spherical in Nature
(d) One of the component of source is Hydrogen atom

Bohr’s third postulate states that an electron might make a transition from one of its specified
non-radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is emitted having
energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and final states. The frequency of the
emitted photon is then given by

hν = Ei – Ef
where Ei and Ef are the energies of the initial and final states and Ei > Ef .

S.No.

5 Energy of completely ionized atom

a) Is Negative
b) Is Positive
c) Cant be defined
d) None of the above

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 14

 6 For Paschen series transition occurs between
(a) n=3 to =5
(b) n=5 to n=3
(c) n=4 to n=7
(d) n=100 to n=1

7 Maximum frequency of layman emission is obtained for the transition

(a) n=2 to n=1
(b) n=3 to n=1
(c) n=infinity to n=1
(d) n=2 to n=1
8 Pfund series lies in
(a) IR region
(b) UV region
(c) Visible region
(d) None of the above

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 15

12

1
Which of the following electron transition give rise to the left most line in the above spectra?
a) n=3 to n=2
b) n=∞ to n=3
c) n= 3 to n=1
d) n= 2 to n=3
The right most lines in the spectrum lies in the
2
a) UV region
b) IR region
c) visible region
d) None of the above
Which of the following statement is true for absorption spectrum
a) The electron jump from higher energy level to lower energy level
3
b) The spectra consist of coloured lines
c) For each spectral line of emission spectra, we will get a corresponding line in absorption
spectrum
d) produced when light pass through hot gas
The wavelength corresponding to the second line from left in the above spectra is
a) 656 nm
4
b) 486 nm
c) 740 nm

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 16

13 1
2
3
4
5
The figure above gives different atom models developed over a period of time.
1 The alpha scattering experiment helped to develop the ------ atom model
a) Plum Pudding model
b) Nuclear model
c) Planetary model
d) Quantum model
2 According to the Planetary model, the angular momentum of the second orbit of the hydrogen atom
is
a) h/(2π)
b) h/π
c) hπ
d) 2π/h
3 In which, among the following atom model, electron is considered as a matter wave?
a) Plum Pudding model
b) Nuclear model
c) Planetary model
d) Quantum model
The velocity of electron in inner most orbit of hydrogen atom is 2.2 x 106 m/s. Calculate the radius
4 of the inner most orbit.
a) 3.3 A0
b) 0.53 A0
c) 2.6 A0
d) 0.26 A0
14 Neil Bohr introduced the atomic hydrogen model in 1913. He described it as a positively charged
nucleus, comprised of protons and neutrons surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. In
the model, electrons orbit the nucleus in atomic shells. The atom is held together by electrostatic
forces between the positive nucleus and negative surroundings.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 17

 Bohr correctly proposed that the energy and the radii of the orbits of electrons in atoms are
quantized, with energy. For transition between orbits given by
Δ E = h v=E2 – E1
where delta E is the change in energy between the initial and final orbits, and h v is energy of
absorbed or emitted photo.
1. In the Bohr's model of hydrogen atom, discrete radii and energy states result when an
electron circles the atom in an integer number of
a. de-Broglie wavelengths
b. Wave frequencies.
c. Quantum numbers.
d. Diffraction patterns.
2. The angular speed of electron in the earth orbit of Bohr’s hydrogen atom is.
a. Directly proportional to n
b. Inversely proportional to √n
c. Inversely proportional to n2
d. Inversely proportional to n3
3. When electron jump from n=4 to level n=1 level, the angular momentum of electron changes
by.
a. h /2 π.
b. h / π.
c. 3 h / π.
d. 2 h / π.
4. The lowest Bohr’s orbit in hydrogen atom has.
a. The maximum energy.
b. The least energy.
c. Infinite energy.
d. Zero energy.
5. Which of the following postulates of the Bohr model led to the quantization of energy of the
hydrogen atom.
a. The electron goes around the nucleus in the circular orbits.
b. The angular momentum of the electron can only be an integral multiple of h/2π.
c. The magnitude of the linear momentum of the electron is quantized.
d. Quantization of energy is itself a postulate of the Bohr model.

PREPARED BY :

PGTs OF BHUBANESWAR, GUWAHATI,KOLKOTA ,RANCHI,SILCHAR,TINSUKIA regions.

VETTED BY

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 18

KEY

PASSAGE
NO
1 1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
2 1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C

3 1. A
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. A

4 1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5 (i)(d)
(ii)(c)
(iii)(d)
(iv)(a) because according to Bohr’s model for single electron
species, T α n3 (Given: T1= 8T2) (n1)3 = 8(n2)3 n1 = 2n2
(v)(b)
6 (i) (a)
(ii) (d)
(iii)(c)
(iv)(b)
(v)(d)
7 I. B
II. B
III. A
IV. C
V. A
8 I. B
II. C
III. C
IV. B
V. B

9 1. B
2. B
3. A

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 19

 4. A
10 1. C
2. B
3. A
4. A
11 1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. A

12 1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
13 1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
14 1. C
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. B

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 20