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No 2

The document discusses solving a system of differential equations using the method of undetermined coefficients. It works through two examples step-by-step: 1) For the system x' = x + y + e^(2t), y = 4x - 2y - 2e^t, it finds the particular solutions x_p(t) = e^(2t) and y_p(t) = (4/3)e^(2t) - (2/3)e^t. 2) For the system x' = x+2y +2t, y' = 3x+2y-4t, it finds the particular solutions x_p(t)

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68 views

No 2

The document discusses solving a system of differential equations using the method of undetermined coefficients. It works through two examples step-by-step: 1) For the system x' = x + y + e^(2t), y = 4x - 2y - 2e^t, it finds the particular solutions x_p(t) = e^(2t) and y_p(t) = (4/3)e^(2t) - (2/3)e^t. 2) For the system x' = x+2y +2t, y' = 3x+2y-4t, it finds the particular solutions x_p(t)

Uploaded by

ivanongia2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NO 2

Solve the system of differential Equation the method of un determined Coefficients


a) x' = x+y+ e^ (2t) y=4x+-2y+-2e^t

To solve the system of differential equations using the method of undetermined coefficients,
we'll start with the first equation:

a) x' = x + y + e^(2t)

We need to find a particular solution for this equation, given that the homogeneous solution is
already provided. The homogeneous solution is y_h = 4x - 2y - 2e^t.

For the particular solution, we can assume it has the form:

x_p (t) = At^2e^ (2t) + Bte^ (2t) + C*e^ (2t)

Here, A, B, and C are undetermined coefficients that we need to determine.

Now, let's find x_p'(t) and plug it into the original equation:

x_p'(t) = (2At + Be^(2t) + 2At^2e^(2t) + Bte^(2t) + 2C*e^(2t)

Now, substitute x_p'(t) into the equation:

x_p'(t) = x_p(t) + y + e^(2t)

(2At + Be^(2t) + 2At^2e^(2t) + Bte^(2t) + 2Ce^(2t) = At^2e^(2t) + Bte^(2t) + Ce^(2t) +


4(At^2e^(2t) + Bte^(2t) + C*e^(2t) - 2e^t - 2e^(2t))

Now, let's equate the coefficients of like terms on both sides of the equation:

Coefficients of e^(2t):
2A + 2A = A, so A = 0

Coefficients of t*e^(2t):
B + B = B, so B = 0

Coefficients of t^2*e^(2t):
2A = 4A, so A = 0

Coefficients of e^t:
-2C + 4C - 2 = 0, so 2C = 2 and C = 1

Now that we have determined the values of the undetermined coefficients, the particular solution
for x is:
x_p(t) = 0 + 0 + 1*e^(2t) = e^(2t)

Now, we can find the particular solution for y using the given homogeneous solution:

y = 4x - 2y - 2e^t

Substitute the particular solution for x:

y = 4e^(2t) - 2y - 2e^t

Now, solve for y:

3y = 4e^(2t) - 2e^t

y = (4/3)e^(2t) - (2/3)e^t

So, the particular solution for y is:

y_p(t) = (4/3)e^(2t) - (2/3)e^t

Finally, the general solution is the sum of the particular and homogeneous solutions:

x(t) = x_p(t) + x_h(t) = e^(2t) + (4x - 2y - 2e^t)


y(t) = y_p(t) + y_h(t) = (4/3)e^(2t) - (2/3)e^t + (4x - 2y - 2e^t)

a) x' = x + y + e^(2t)
b) y = 4x - 2y - 2e^t

We can start by substituting the expression for y from equation (b) into equation (a):

x' = x + (4x - 2y - 2e^t) + e^(2t)

Now, simplify the equation:

x' = 5x - 2y + e^(2t) - 2e^t

Next, we need to find a particular solution for this non-homogeneous equation. We assume a
particular solution of the form:

x_p(t) = A*e^(2t)

Now, let's find x_p'(t) and plug it into the equation:

x_p'(t) = 2A*e^(2t)

Substituting x_p(t) and x_p'(t) into the equation:


2Ae^(2t) = 5Ae^(2t) - 2(4A*e^(2t) - 2e^t) + e^(2t) - 2e^t

Now, equate the coefficients of e^(2t) terms:

2A = 5A - 8A + 1

-6A = 1

A = -1/6

So, the particular solution for x is:

x_p(t) = (-1/6)e^(2t)

Now, let's find the particular solution for y using the given homogeneous solution:

y = 4x - 2y - 2e^t

Substitute the particular solution for x:

y = 4(-1/6)e^(2t) - 2y - 2e^t

Solve for y:

y = (-2/3)e^(2t) - 2y - 2e^t

Now, isolate the terms involving y:

3y + 2y = -2e^t - 2/3e^(2t)

5y = -2e^t - 2/3e^(2t)

y = (-2/5)e^t - (2/15)e^(2t)

So, the particular solution for y is:

y_p(t) = (-2/5)e^t - (2/15)e^(2t)

Now, the general solution is the sum of the particular and homogeneous solutions:

x(t) = x_p(t) + x_h(t) = (-1/6)e^(2t) + (4x - 2y - 2e^t)


y(t) = y_p(t) + y_h(t) = (-2/5)e^t - (2/15)e^(2t) + (4x - 2y - 2e^t)

This should be the corrected solution for the given system of differential equations. Please verify
these solutions, and let me know if you have any further questions.
b) x' = x+2y +2t
y' = 3x+2y-4t

x' = x + 2y + 2t
y' = 3x + 2y - 4t

Homogeneous equations:

x' = x + 2y
y' = 3x + 2y

Now that we have the homogeneous solutions, we can find the particular solution for the non-
homogeneous system. Let's assume that the particular solution has the form:

x_p (t) = At + B
y_p (t) = Ct + D

Now, differentiate x_p and y_p to find x_p' and y_p':

x_p'(t) = A
y_p'(t) = C

Substitute these into the original equations:

x_p'(t) = x_p (t) + 2y_p (t) + 2t


y_p'(t) = 3x_p (t) + 2y_p (t) - 4t

A = (At + B) + 2(Ct + D) + 2t
C = 3(At + B) + 2(Ct + D) - 4t

Now, we can equate coefficients:

For t terms:

A=1
3A + 2C = 2

For the constant terms:

B + 2D = 0
3B + 2D = 0

Solving this system of equations, we find A = 1, B = 0, C = 2/13, and D = 0.

So, the particular solution is:


x_p(t) = t
y_p(t) = (2/13)t

Now, the general solution is the sum of the homogeneous and particular solutions:

x(t) = x_h(t) + x_p(t)


y(t) = y_h(t) + y_p(t)

Where x_h(t) and y_h(t) are the homogeneous solutions. In this case, they are a linear
combination of the eigenvectors and the corresponding eigenvalues:

x_h(t) = c₁e^(3t)v₁ + c₂e^(-2t)v₂


y_h(t) = c₁e^(3t)v₁ + c₂e^(-2t)v₂

Where c₁ and c₂ are constants determined by initial conditions.

Certainly, let's solve this system step by step up to the final answer. We've already determined
the homogeneous solutions and the particular solutions. Now, we'll write the final solution for
the given system of differential equations:

Homogeneous solutions:
x_h(t) = c₁e^(3t)(-2) + c₂e^(-2t)(2)
y_h(t) = c₁e^(3t)(1) + c₂e^(-2t)(1)

Particular solutions:
x_p(t) = t
y_p(t) = (2/13)t

Now, we'll use the initial conditions to determine the values of the constants c₁ and c₂.

Let's assume the initial conditions are given as follows:


x (0) = x₀
y (0) = y₀

Substituting these initial conditions into the general solution:

x (0) = c₁ (-2) + c₂ (2) + 0 = x₀


y (0) = c₁(1) + c₂(1) + 0 = y₀

Now, you can solve this system of equations for c₁ and c₂:

-2c₁ + 2c₂ = x₀
c₁ + c ₂ = y ₀
You can solve these equations for c₁ and c₂ to find their values.
Once you have c₁ and c₂, you can write the final solution for x (t) and y (t) by combining the
homogeneous and particular solutions:

x (t) = x_h (t) + x_p (t)


y (t) = y_h (t) + y_p (t)

Substitute the values of c₁, c₂, and the particular solutions x_p (t) and y_p (t) to get the complete
solution for x (t) and y (t) based on the given initial conditions.

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