UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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Decision making structure
Decision making statements can direct a program to execute on the based of
instructions if a certain condition is True or another if it's False.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or FALSE
as outcome. You need to determine which action to take and which statements
to execute if outcome is TRUE or FALSE otherwise.
There are three types of decision making statements in python language, those are
1. If statements
2. If else statement
3. Nested if else statement
4. If elif else statement
5. Switch statement
1. If Statement
If statements are one of the most important aspects of any programming
language, and that is true in Python programming language as well.
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 1
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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If statements allow for conditions to be set within code so that it behaves
differently depending on whether or not certain conditions are true.
Syntax
Example
Output
2. If else statement
From the name itself, we get the clue that the if-else statement checks the
expression and executes the if block when the expression is True otherwise it
will execute the else block of code.
The else block should be right after if block and it is executed when the
expression is False.
Syntax
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 2
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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Example
Output
3. Nested if else statement
In very simple words, Nested if statements is an if statement inside another if
statement.
Python allows us to stack any number of if statements inside the block of
another if statements.
They are useful when we need to make a series of decisions.
Syntax
Example
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 3
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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Output
4. If elif else statement
You might have heard of the else-if statements in other languages
like C/C++ or Java.
In Python, we have an elif keyword to chain multiple conditions one after
another. With elif ladder, we can make complex decision-making statements.
The elif statement helps you to check multiple expressions and it executes the
code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to True.
Syntax
Example
Follow nested if example
5. Switch Statement
Until version 3.10, Python never had a feature that implemented what the
switch statement does in other programming languages.
So, if you wanted to execute multiple conditional statements, you
would've had to use the elif keyword.
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 4
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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From version 3.10 upwards, Python has implemented a switch case feature
called “structural pattern matching”.
You can implement this feature with the match and case keywords.
Syntax
Example
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 5
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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Loops in Python
In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code.
For example, if we want to show a message 100 times, then we can use a loop.
It's just a simple example; you can achieve much more with loops.
There are 2 types of loops in Python:
o While loop
o For loop
1. While Loop
In python, a while loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly
until a given condition is satisfied.
And when the condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop in
the program is executed.
Syntax& Example
# Python program to illustrate while loop
count = 0
while (count < 3):
count = count + 1
print("Hello Geek")
2. For Loop
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a
dictionary, a set, or a string).
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 6
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works
more like an iterator method as found in other object-orientated
programming languages.
With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a
list, tuple, set etc.
Syntax
Example
# Python program to illustrate
# Iterating over range 0 to n-1
n =4
for i in range(0, n):
print(i)
Output
0
Try following more example of for loop
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 7
UNIT 2: CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURE
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Break statement
Continue statement
Range statement
for x in range(6):
print(x)
#0 1 2 3 4 5 6
for x in range(2, 6):
print(x)
#2345
for x in range(2, 10, 3):
print(x)
#258
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Prepared By: Pro. Devdattt Chavda PG. 8
