RAY OPTICS

RECTILINEAR PRDPOGATMON OF LIGNT Swom

Rau: Sugut tina pak alowg wucl F a im uw&n
ww YoM Vin
Vog V i Smw
bea bumdie bunth kOs

Kag
(30.0-8 CRaitoual LiAioM)
ognikula 2 i y lchor addikon

IMAGE FORMED B¥ PLANE MIRR0R

mam
mam 2Miv
CowKA
diveg Lewgta oK mam h4ha 2 be tg
owna9,Ntn-)
n= oald
at a pou (a objer ak laisekok Lb) UMamaical

pica i pui diww dikwR i y , LpRotu uwekd N

REFLELToN OF LIGNT N M-1)
Cincula makod
PELD OF Weo
ARun auluck o

4
(y+9)
glancig ogl
Ro
u QMdidu aop R t siola.
isRO wtai di
kuga ueali wnito CouA RoA
130 Re pebus
CASE:
LAw OF REPUELTION OF uqT S o t ligme souNu But g loat pouk m som aMgko
tnudmt had unik aa tol uaR C m|eRman
Cpuaidun kauma"
*A maM u0auLR4 UMA. uAR de a .
woumal: 8 a m SAHERKAL MRRORS
plam im Ruo o mivun
LiL

(
2L
G duiako s=( -a) d
Siol
wiut g mi
CASE- uatat dist ou
m - 2 8 ) Cuo

6=(20) ad
COwAM mikuo

6 TT Smau kua wnuor 3d

MOdlus w w a L - oatie D aptua
&oTATON OF MIRROR AND RA
Pea wN- uoaic cambu o
Primcipal anio - inuu Huneuau pals coO
TYPES O IMAGE
gtakom Nmal Quy eiu o m wisuior joinng
Raal imaaL-achuaLy anist i t Cmbd o Cuwau
RalacHd Ha
g. moui Ra
4 a l iwag- doto net 0thuauy i a t
wowmal

Raglacked Qy Rara-20
*
Osali
Eopp stna
RLA
HAGE
TON w veLoury OF 08J61 AND
R(R-)r *
Towly
puimpa a R RaAD

1a im CuuMaa MAdu
apue
-Va+2g
FOCus AND POLAL LENGTH To sbraim 8ingla un0g PATH OF LIGHT THRDUGH SUAB
dist bjuo a minouane d : ae 4 t

Q Ray
CASE
[omage al

boune
pu v w.t b o u al Dspeee AC
imergent Ray
mjw Rale
poHalkz oal olu

v d-(u-a
4 oaA Ad- u aim C(a)
omula pokanial Coua durud CO
. K wumal imuidme,
Csiau1
cOlau nuimn
Laus 8obRe i k] do0to Pole - **** * *****

BREOST5R ANGLE (®8)

REPRACTINE INDEX Custum RaHacAol
n(u)=l oti D igut n vaccu. c
lout 4gat in musliuwm
Swom vm R mLd. 0.kt. vaccum
Mg madium pak wli Raua

AT n
HOm M|
SIGN CONVENTIONs #Smgb
Obect on e t MirTor
RI indaedu o akQ
da REAL AND APPARENT DEPTA
PA ncsdent" h Vsouma u a [Aih odunan
soumA)
imcipak CPM

,A Lni na
OPTICAL PATH b a CRAL A
MRROR EUATON inder md.
[valu 81q) Rpacki o bA- Qppaeu Su
kAl

maguiicokiom n
Mo
opka paHa
Iml> euLaga
Raackom Cduiokon]
Chamat im aspot o igue
it mou uow
VA V na
ni dinimishad
udiuwn t ama
m 80m 8i Z CASE
M - iwurd Leu
SN6UL'S LAD
CASE
Te eapuMUkU O30 dhamut incidu agp
i a at n2
Mape+
potu imidmr
CASE
n&in ConatLn.sin®,nakin®al
SimB.
Obuubal
t
hay:lt-)
n
VELOCITN OP MAGE Rbest
bjeu weungl PA
CASE
o D b s u O, wukall
aubouP, oukies 4u
in -m*(Vom)n aukd
Rud iuid, se0 P &is
wnag im u miu
Lim
tOMB INATIoN OF MRRORS app oliet uo obec
CASE t ebtoim Ciu S@ow
aluo Ro a - RpeacHe iugltx
aaa A ML h miue
Joha as
et
ab objtt cinud
Ra r s toat 6ugau hA
pon nowm auy
n Ca d u t Ratgi
REFLELTON THROUGN MULTAE StARS LINEAR MAGNIACATION RAY DIAGRAM FOR LENS
A
Cowsta ma

At P RaakE eguy
V uAUUd&d |du hiniud

mimiau

nz |At At ,0 S
ah
indupenolunt ok poai ko sRahs THIN LENS imUARdM
Bahut y ond oc Raa S,
ha tha, ha)t lha)a R/R At F At 00
RLas
Chthat hs)h h
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION 8eku Saumegiota vtal Mauied
Lan
u m
en
R R

Poik Pogilkom N six

A F
biconcave Equiconcave ialna0ncavC & CCotimimisu
|8a Same siola |diniuis

CAM Cat ComR» doug m i

CUTTING OF LENS

RALM OA TR. & R

LENS MANER FORMULA ain w
Cio1 Rauckom] TRpauiom ot A &6)
T-td
Qmaa duakiom
n

CASE
LRat Lol Rz
valus wiR Sign.
y qaanial
Sinic L 4 4* R e

a l o g uimoipla ane

OPTICAL ABRE
QUN)
COATING LM MOR Rot Lej

CORE

PANTING
PAINTING e
OFE
UENS5
Ln2Mi
CLADDINGs

8wDw
Baed ou T

Lamamasiu
Numanita Apukakn Rn
CoMR
LSuu Rau at COm divin cow diwguw
Cotn diuwgu Lecakon w a g u L ba 8oma latud

A 8
LEN'S FORMULA AND SqN coNvEN TION LENS OITH DFFERENT INDEX

L qauzial Ha Paxaultu! tb PA

SPHERCAL RESLELTING 8eFKE

MAGNICATION AND TVPES

ag Simaula
Mo
di
m1>t ulaugd
Imli dinmiuishd
Imlel 8 a e aiz
6utau R-o)* M t 8ut
V
: - nhd*{
Y
 d um L D PA LENS DISPUACEMENT METHOD
LA vBu4 Suatl
ouky ou i n a g Sin n-)

VELOCITY OF IMAGES

D-
2t

&vwagnis iy thn addikon CASE:CoN DITIONN OF No EMER4ENCE

D4
TOWER OF LENS
Suck 4ear it wu

A.-| ho i, iz 3ou TIR a t Ac

Smaltst dist bo o&L ,D= 4t A-A,: A-c

PRISM A 2C FSLON
tdiopaJ
COMBINATLON OF LENSES

a)man A 0

) R a i o blo LA e uth taat ray

wiu oluooys tnos A
Valuts ui
|44 Cev sab piam& wamal intiducal A

bomoguupus tuamopakn
soLtd. u ug mad
bgmdad by 2 ptom A
swda clines at
aM aMg- PRISM

CASE n( D8uau
Roy Cuosss2 8 t a u, CASE: mML
CheMT
incliad b ku
u m PRISM

SLvERING Of LENSs Roy 0s SLs a ploin

poMRLl Suau ag0 busRm pui Raka diya uo
L& aukm ,! RacHon] , 9 nkud it o ik paiumM
Umsblb
selu

DO
CASE-1
,
A: aMa
ataua amala
aMla n
pis W

cidwa
DISPERSON AND DISPERSIVE

White Light
PoDER

e a r e Pm
w a l ceu.cou 8: aMgla duwiak o
wio diueg m
LS=in-1)A
yalua CoqM 6v
Cn-1) : v-6a
LRo Lo Cyr CA -1) A - (ng-1A

(My-na) A
CoMdiion eminimum dtviakom
mim i
CASE - dispuui u poLu
tSminTA
CRa Lo] uny-)
tn)
20) &i mim A

AimAla))
COMBiNATiON OF PRISMS MP
TERRESTIAt MICRDSCoPe
DISPERSION 1i DEWATionN
wITHOUT DEVIATiON WTHOUT DISPERSoN

S-62

(ny-e)L
| (ny-n@}a A V
-
Jna at
gax poiu wgkMak agjusmm
MP +Ue

VoD LNum w J
uD oura
u
I Imas is at D [N poiu] V
Vp CLDD
)
DEFEC1S OF VISION
ii MMOPLA
LMD 8iquktdlnzss J
dwr Ra wai aikto CMmal adius HmUnd
Gim wiacebcepa m MP o LDD
WSioM 2 MP 8
CHROMATIC ABERRATIDN
CornPoUND MICROSCDPE
pa No duyr MP |2 obyec
CslguN
MP=+M, CMP
R

LVo+ue
Ma

- w LomaHc
Nouwa a oo
R a p o e omad adjuamunt]
maam Colouh)
u) RYPERME TROPA V AchuomaRsaKOM,
R a Ra utta

Paas
0akcdwass)
wi dik MiCCOpL AimuMAatty CouuCuol
9Pe t s wooa L
8PHtERICAL A8ERRATION

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Marpin Marginat

L Vo ue
duueced o MP
(R)L " [ ]| Paraxial ray
Cout wiuss
MPVa (1 2) [LDDY|
Tuis abuLaHon kOmD d ly latouRi
waspoA
TELES COPE
eaat dat o dieinck
C voalu
SMPLE MICROSDPE
e D
Dt
Lww.aga
Moma
fp e
bje at fouus isiom
wnaqe au D finas imag a
L n k diat p o wwwal ajusmn
dipkn cr-ASsi@m
LLDD VJ
e )
D uaually daacopa opetkaka imti

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