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Tutorial 2 Partial Derivatives Engineering Applications of Partial Derivatives

This document provides a tutorial on partial derivatives and their engineering applications. It contains examples of calculating first and second order partial derivatives of multivariate functions using the limit definition. It also discusses using partial derivatives to find rates of change, sensitivity analysis, and the equations of tangent planes and normal lines to surfaces.

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23065609
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12 views

Tutorial 2 Partial Derivatives Engineering Applications of Partial Derivatives

This document provides a tutorial on partial derivatives and their engineering applications. It contains examples of calculating first and second order partial derivatives of multivariate functions using the limit definition. It also discusses using partial derivatives to find rates of change, sensitivity analysis, and the equations of tangent planes and normal lines to surfaces.

Uploaded by

23065609
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KIX 1001: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 1

Tutorial 2: Partial Derivatives & Engineering Applications


of Partial Derivatives
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
1. Find the partial derivative ( ) and ( ) of these functions using the limit definition
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
(a) f(x,y) = x2y + 2x + y3 [Ans: fx = 2xy + 2, fy = x2 + 3y2]
(b) f(x,y) = x2 – 4xy + y2 [Ans: fx = 2x – 4y, fy = -4x + 2y]
(c) f(x,y) = 2x3 + 3xy – y2 [Ans: fx = 6x2 + 3y, fy = 3x – 2y]

2. Determine all the first and second order partial derivatives of the function
𝜕2 𝑓
(a) f(x,y) = x2y3 + 3y + x [Ans: 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 2 ]
𝜕2 𝑓
(b) f(x,y) = x4 sin 3y [Ans: 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 12𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑦]
𝜕2 𝑓 2𝑦
(c) f(x,y) = x2y + ln (y2 – x) [Ans: = 2𝑥 +
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 (𝑦 2 −𝑥)2
𝜕2 𝑓
(d) f(x,y) = exy (2x – y) [Ans: 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 [2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦]

3. Find both partial derivatives for each of the following two variables functions
(a) g(x,y) = yex+y
(b) h(x,y) = x sin y – y cos x
(c) p(x,y) = xy + y2
9𝑦 3
(d) U(x,y) = 𝑥−𝑦

4. For f(x,y,z), use the implicit function theorem to find dy/dx and dy/dz
(a) f(x,y,z) = x2y3 + z2 + xyz
(b) f(x,y,z) = x3z2 + y3 + 4xyz
(c) f(x,y,z) = 3x2y3 + xz2y2 + y3zx4 + y2z

𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
5. Find 𝜕𝑠 and 𝜕𝑡 ,if applicable, for the following composite functions
𝜕𝐹
(a) F = sin (x + y) where x = 2st and y = s2 + t2 [Ans: 𝜕𝑠 = 2cos⁡((𝑠 + 𝑡)2 )(𝑠 + 𝑡)]
𝜕𝐹 1 2
(b) F = ln (x2 + y) where x = e (s+t2) and y = s2 + t [Ans: 𝜕𝑠 = 2 (𝑒 2𝑠+2𝑡 + 𝑠)]
𝑒 2𝑠+2𝑡 +𝑠2 +𝑡
𝜕𝐹 1
(c) F = x2y2 where x = s cos t and y = s sin t [Ans: 𝜕𝑠 = 4𝑠 3 (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)2 ]
𝜕𝐹
(d) F = xy + yz2 where x = et, y = et sin t and z = et cos t [Ans: 𝜕𝑡 = 𝑒 2𝑡 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) +
3𝑡 3 2 2
𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)]

6. Find dy/dx and dy/dz (if applicable) for each of the following
(a) 7x2 + 2xy2 + 9y4 = 0
(b) x3z2 + y3 + 4xyz = 0
(c) 3x2y3 + xz2y2 + y3zx4 + y2z = 0
(d) y5 + x2y3 = 1 + y exp (x2)
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
7. (a) In polar coordinates, x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, show that 𝜕(𝑟,𝜃) = 𝑟
(b) Obtain the Jacobian J of the transformation s = 2x + y, t = x – 2y and determine the
inverse of the transformation J1. Confirm that J1=J-1.
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
(c) Show that if x + y = u and y = uv, then 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) = 𝑢.
𝑥+𝑦
(d) Verify whether the functions 𝑢 = and v = tan-1x +tan-1y are functionally dependent.
1−𝑥𝑦
𝑢+𝑣 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) (𝑢−𝑣)2
(e) If x = uv, = 𝑢−𝑣
⁡ , find 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
. [Ans: 4𝑢𝑣
]

8.
(a) How sensitive is the volume V = πr2h of a right circular cylinder to small changes in its
radius and height near the point (r0, h0) = (1,3)?
(b) If r is measured with an accuracy of ±1% and h with an accuracy of ±0.5%, about how
accurately can V be calculated from the formula V = πr2h? [Ans: 0.025 or 2.5%]
𝑙
(c) The period T of a simple pendulum is T = 2π√𝑔 , find the maximum percentage error in T
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑔
due to possible errors up to 1% in l and 2% in g (Hint: 𝑙
= 0.001 and 𝑔 = 0.002) [Ans: 1.5%]
(d) The range R of a projectile which starts with a velocity v at an elevation α is given by 𝑅 =
𝑣 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
. Find the percentage error in R due to an error of 1% in v and an error of 0.5% in α.
𝑔
[Ans: 2 + α cot 2α]

9. Find the equations of the tangent plane and normal line to the following surfaces at the
points indicated:
(a) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑧 2 = 6 at (1,1,1) [Ans: x + 2y + 3z = 6 (eqn of tangent plane)]
(b) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 = −3 at (1,2,3) [Ans: 2x + 2y – 3z = -3 (eqn of tangent plane)]
(c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 = 1 at (1,2,4) [Ans: 2x +4y – z = 6 (eqn of tangent plane)]
𝑥
(d) ln ( ) − 𝑧 2 (𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 3𝑧 = 3⁡at (4,2,-1) [Ans: -3/4 x + 3/2 y – 3z = 3]
𝑦
(e) 𝑥 3 𝑧 + 𝑧 3 𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑧 = 0 at (1,1,1) [Ans: 2x – y + z = 2]
(f) z = 5+(x-1)2 + (y+2)2 at (2,0,10) [Ans: 2x + 4y – z = -6]
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
(g) 12 + 6 + 4 = 1 at (1,2,1) [Ans: x + 4y + 3z = 2]
(h) zex+ez+1+xy+y=3 at (0,3-1) [Ans: 2x + y + 2z = 1]

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