APMOPS 2014 Round 2

1. John was finding the total of the numbers from 1 to n. However, he accidentally
added one number twice, ending up with a wrong total of 3405. What number did he
add twice?

1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 81 = 3321
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 82 = 3403
1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 83 = 3486

By observing above we know n is 82

3405 − 3403 = 2
Hence the number he added twice is 2

Answer: 2

2.
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .

Using 4 dots as vertices of a square, how many squares can be formed such that none
of the sides of the formed square are parallel to the edges of the dots?

. . .
. . . There are 6 of this shape
. . .

. . . .
. . . .
. . . . There are 4 of this shape
. . . .

6+4 = 10

Answer: 10
APMOPS 2014 Round 2

3. In the three figures below, the numbers in a row are always ascending from left to
right. The numbers in a column are also always ascending from top to bottom.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

a) How many ways can the numbers from 1-4 be placed in Figure 1?
b) How many ways can the numbers from 1-6 be placed in Figure 2?
c) How many ways can the numbers from 1-9 be placed in Figure 3?

a)
1 2 1 3
3 4 2 4
Answer: 2
b)
1 3 5 1 3 4 1 2 3
2 4 6 2 5 6 4 5 6

1 2 5 1 2 4
3 4 6 3 5 6

Answer: 5
c)

1 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 1 2
3 3 3 4
9 4

5 5 5 6

(5 + 5 + 5 + 6) × 2 = 42
Answer: 42
APMOPS 2014 Round 2

4. If 26! Is 4032914A112660B63558CD00000, what is the value of A, B, C and D?

Step 1:

26 ÷ 5 = 5R1

26 ÷ 25 = 1R1

5+1= 6
This implies there will be 6 “0” in the end of 26!
Thus, D = 0.
Step 2:
Because C is not zero, we take away 106 from 26!
Where 106 = 26 x 56, so we are removing 6 “2” and 6 “5”

1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8 × 9 × 10 ,
1 1 1
and the last digit of 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 6 × 7 × 9 is 2

11 × 12 × 13 × 14 × 15 × 16 × 17 × 18 × 19 × 20
3 1
and the last digit of 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 3 × 6 × 7 × 9 is 8

21 × 22 × 23 × 24 × 25 × 26
1
and the last digit of 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 6 is 4

2×8×4=4
Thus, C=4
Step 3:
26! is multiple of 9, this implies 70+A+B = 72 or 70+A+B = 81
26! Is multiple of 11, this implies

4−8+5−5+3−6+B−0+6−6+2−1+1−A+4−1+0−2+3−0+4
= 12 + B − A
So, we have
70 + 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 81 𝐴=6
{ ⇒ {
12 + 𝐵 − 𝐴 = 11 𝐵=5
Hence, A=6, B=5
Answer: A=6, B=5, C=4, D=0
APMOPS 2014 Round 2

5. AB=40, BC=50, BE+BF=30. Find the minimum area of triangle DEF.

A D

B C
F

ABCD = 40 × 50 = 2000
1
∆ADE = × (40 − 𝑥) × 50 = 1000 − 25𝑥
2
1
∆DFC = × (𝑥 + 20) × 40 = 20𝑥 + 400
2
1 1
∆EBF = × 𝑥 × (30 − 𝑥) = 15𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2 2
1
∆DEF = 2000 − (1000 − 25𝑥 + 20𝑥 + 400 + 15𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
2
1 2
= 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 600
2
1
= [(𝑥 − 10)2 + 1100]
2
when 𝑥 = 10, ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 550
Answer: 550
APMOPS 2014 Round 2

6. Alice starts running from point C to point A, and back to point C.

(C>B>A>B>C>B…)
Ben starts running clockwise from point A and does this repeatedly.
(A>B>C>D>A>B>C…)

If they start running at the same time, they will meet 80m from point A and they will meet for
a second time after a period of time, 120m from point A. What is the circumference of the
track?
(You have to consider all scenarios)

Case 1
Alice is very fast, and Alice catches up with Ben. Before Ben reach C.
1st time meet, Alice run X meter
80 𝑥
=
120 200 + 𝑥
𝑥 = 400
(80 + 400) × 2 = 960

Answer: 960 m

For other cases,

80 𝑥
=
𝑥 + 80 𝑥 + 160 + 𝑥
𝑥 2 − 80𝑥 − 12800 = 0
(𝑥 − 160)(𝑥 + 80) = 0

𝑥1 = 160, 𝑥2 = −80(𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡)
Thus, X cannot be larger than 160. Otherwise, Alice will catch up with Ben, before Ben reach
C.
APMOPS 2014 Round 2

Case 2
80 𝑥
=
160 + 2𝑥 + 120 𝑥 + 80 + 120
80 𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 280 𝑥 + 200
2𝑥 2 + 280𝑥 = 80𝑥 + 16000

𝑥 2 + 100𝑥 − 8000 = 0

𝑥 = −50 + 10√105

2 × (−50 + 10√105 + 80) = 60 + 20√105

Answer: 60 + 20√105 m

Case 3:
80 𝑥
=
160 + 2𝑥 + 120 2𝑥 + 160 + 𝑥 − 40
80 𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 280 3𝑥 + 120
𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 4800 = 0
(𝑥 + 80)(𝑥 − 60) = 0

𝑥1 = −80(𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡), 𝑥2 = 60
(80 + 60) × 2 = 280

Answer: 280 m

Case 4
80 𝑥
=
160 + 2𝑥 + 120 3𝑥 + 240 + 120
80 𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 280 3𝑥 + 360
𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 14400 = 0

𝑥 = −10 + 10√145

2 × (−10 + 10√145 + 80) = 140 + 20√145

Answer: 140 + 20√145 m

APMOPS 2014 Round 2

Case 5
80 𝑥
=
160 + 2𝑥 + 120 4𝑥 + 320 + 𝑥 − 40
80 𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 280 5𝑥 + 280
𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 − 11200 = 0
(𝑥 + 80)(𝑥 − 140) = 0

𝑥1 = −80(𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡), 𝑥2 = 140
(80 + 140) × 2 = 440

Answer: 440 m
Case 6
80 𝑥
=
160 + 2𝑥 + 120 5𝑥 + 400 + 120
80 𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 280 5𝑥 + 520
𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 − 20800 = 0

𝑥 = 30 + 10√217 > 160

Thus, there is no 2nd meet

Hence, answers are 960 𝑚, 60 + 20√105 𝑚, 280 𝑚, 140 + 20√145 𝑚, 440 𝑚