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Statics Notes 4 For Students

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Draw a free body diagram of the entire truss and label all external forces (P and Q) and reactions (at B, C, and D). 2. Write the equations of equilibrium for the truss (sum of forces in x and y directions equal to zero). 3. Solve the equations to determine the reactions at B, C, and D. 4. Use the method of joints to determine the internal forces in members AB, AC, and AD by considering the equilibrium of each joint along with the previously determined support reactions. 5. Substitute the known values for P and Q and solve the resulting equations to determine the forces in members

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39 views

Statics Notes 4 For Students

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Draw a free body diagram of the entire truss and label all external forces (P and Q) and reactions (at B, C, and D). 2. Write the equations of equilibrium for the truss (sum of forces in x and y directions equal to zero). 3. Solve the equations to determine the reactions at B, C, and D. 4. Use the method of joints to determine the internal forces in members AB, AC, and AD by considering the equilibrium of each joint along with the previously determined support reactions. 5. Substitute the known values for P and Q and solve the resulting equations to determine the forces in members

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Analysis of Structures ~ Ch.

6
Application Design of support structures requires
knowing the loads, or forces, that each
member of the structure will
experience.

Functional elements, such as the holding


force of this pliers, can be determined
from concepts in this section.
Introduction
Definition of a Truss
• A truss consists of straight members connected at
joints. No member is continuous through a joint.

• Most structures are made of several trusses joined


together to form a space framework. Each truss
carries loads which act in its plane and may be
treated as a two-dimensional structure.

• Bolted or welded connections are assumed to be


pinned together. Forces acting at the member ends
reduce to a single force and no couple. Only two-
force members are considered.

• When forces tend to pull the member apart, it is in


tension. When the forces tend to compress the
member, it is in compression.
Supplementary on 2 and 3 forces member

• If an element has pins or hinge supports at both ends and carries no load in-between, it is
called a two-force member
• If only two forces act on a body that is in equilibrium, then they must be equal in
magnitude, co-linear and opposite in sense
• One of the unique aspects of these members is the fact that the line of action of the
resultants of the forces acting on the two ends of the member MUST pass along the center
line of the structural element
• If they did not, the element would not be in equilibrium! Thus, even if a loading exists at
either end that consists of only one of the components (i.e. Fx or y), the resultant of all of the
forces acting on the two-force member passes through the center line of the member
• If three non-parallel forces act on a body in equilibrium, it is known as a three-force
member
• If a three-force member is in equilibrium and the forces are not parallel, they must be
concurrent
• Therefore, the lines of action of all three forces acting on such a member must intersect at a
common point; any single force is therefore the equilibrant of the other two forces
2, 3 forces member
• Determine the force in members AD, CD, and CE of the truss shown.
• What is the reaction force at supports B (roller) and K (pin)???
Definition of a Truss
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Joints
• Dismember the truss and create a free body
diagram for each member and pin.
Q4.1

SOLUTION:

• DRAW THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM


FOR THE ENTIRE TRUSS (always first)
and solve for the 3 support reactions

Using the method of joints, determine


the force in each member of the truss.
Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Sections
• When the force in only one member or the
forces in a very few members are desired, the
method of sections works well.
• To determine the force in member BD, form a
section by “cutting” the truss at n-n and
create a free body diagram for the left side.
• A FBD could have been created for the right
side, but why is this a less desirable choice?
Think and discuss.
• Notice that the exposed internal forces
are all assumed to be in tension.
• With only three members cut by the section,
the equations for static equilibrium may be
applied to determine the unknown member
forces, including FBD.
Q4.2

SOLUTION:

1. Draw the FBD for the entire truss.


Apply the equilibrium conditions and
solve for the reactions at A and L.
2. Make a cut through members FH,
GH, and GI and take the right-hand
section as a free body (the left side
Determine the force in members FH, would also be good).
GH, and GI. 3. Apply the conditions for static
equilibrium to determine the desired
member forces.
SOLUTION:
• Take the entire truss as a free body.
Apply the conditions for static
Ax equilibrium to solve for the reactions at A
and L.
L
Ay
Analysis of a Frame
Q4.3

SOLUTION:
1. Create a free body diagram for the
complete frame and solve for the support
reactions.

Members ACE and BCD are connected


by a pin at C and by the link DE. For
the loading shown, determine the force
in link DE and the components of the
force exerted at C on member BCD.
SOLUTION:
1. Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame
and solve for the support reactions.
SOLUTION (cont.):
2. Create a free body diagram for member BCD (since
the problem asked for forces on this body). Choose
the best FBD, then discuss your choice with a
neighbor. Justify your choice.

FDE,x

FDE,y FDE

FDE,x

FDE FDE,y
SOLUTION (cont.):
3. Using the best FBD for member BCD, what is
the one equilibrium equation that can directly
find FDE? Please discuss.
α = tan −1 150
80 = 28.07°
• With member ACE as a free body with no
additional unknown forces, check the
solution by summing moments about A.
Q4.4

Determine the components of all forces acting on


member ABCD when theta=0
Q4.5

The truss shown consists of six members and is


supported by a short link at A, two short links at B,
and a ball and socket at D. Determine the force in
each of the members for the given loading.
Q4.6
The telescoping arm ABC is used to provide an elevated
platform for construction workers. The workers and the
platform together have a mass of 200 kg and have a
combined center of gravity located directly above C. For
the position when θ = 20°, determine (a) the force exerted
at B by the single hydraulic cylinder BD, (b) the force
exerted on the supporting carriage at A.
Q4.7

The truss shown in figure 1 consists of six members and is supported by a ball and socket
at B, a short link at C, and two short links at D. Determine the force in members AB, AC,
and AD for P = -2184N and Q = 0.

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