GOTHIC PERIOD …

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in

Europe during the high and late middle ages.

It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded

by renaissance architecture.

GOTHIC PERIOD
Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus
Francigenum (French work).

A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this

period.

A series of gothic revivals began in mid 18th century England,

spread through 19th century Europe and continued, largely for
ecclesiastical and university structures, into 20th century.
 Early gothic 1150 - 1250

High Gothic 1250- 1375

GOTHIC PERIOD
Late or International Gothic 1375 - 1450

Gothic Revival- Reformed Gothic / modern

Gothic
Mid 18th Century
 The gothic style originated
originated in France at
Romanesque era in the first
half of the 12th century, at
cathedrals abbeys and did
not immediately supresed it.
HISTORY

Gothic architecture was

spread in England and
France in the 12th century.
01 02 03
Gothic architecture did not Political development as Another transition made
emerge from a dying the catholic church began by gothic was the move
Romanesque tradition, but to grow into a very from rural monasteries of
from a Romanesque style powerful political entity. the Romanesque into
at the height of its urban environments with
popularity and it would new gothic churches built
supplant it for many years. in wealthy cities.

TRANSITION FROM ROMANESQUE TO GOTHIC

ARCHITECTURE
ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Pointed arch Ribbed vault Flying buttress

The characteristics forms

This period is most It is the architecture of that were to define gothic
familiar for cathedrals, many castles, town halls, architecture grew out of
abbeys and churches of palaces, guide halls and Romanesque architecture
Europe. universities. and developed at several
different locations.
 POINTED ARCH

• One of the defining characteristics of Gothic

architecture is the pointed arch, and it is
used in nearly all places a vaulted shape
might be called for structural or decorative
consideration, like doorways, windows,
arcades, and galleries.

• Pointed arches also occur extensively in

Romanesque decorative blind arcading,
where semi-circular arches overlap each
other in a simple decorative pattern and their
points an accident in design.
 A characteristic of Gothic church architecture is its
height, both absolute and in proportion to its width, the
verticality suggesting an aspiration to Heaven.

The pointed arch, itself a suggestion of height, is

appearance is characteristically further enhanced by
HEIGHT both the architectural features and the decoration of the
building.
Verticality is emphasised on the exterior in a major way
by the towers and spires, a characteristic of Gothic
churches both great and small varying from church to
church.
On the interior of the building attached shafts often
sweep unbroken from floor to ceiling and meet the ribs
of the vault, like a tall tree spreading into branches.
PLAN

01 02
Most large Gothic churches and many The nave is generally flanked on
smaller parish churches are of either side by aisles, usually single,
the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, but sometimes double.
with a long nave making the body of
the church, a transverse arm called
the transept and, beyond it, an
extension which may be called
the choir chancel.
LIGHT AND WINDOWS

Expansive interior light has been

a feature of Gothic cathedrals
One of the most ubiquitous
since their inception, and this is
elements of Gothic architecture is
because of the function of space
the shrinking of the walls and
in a Gothic cathedral as a function
inserting of large windows.
of light that is very widely
referred to in contemporary text.
ARCHES
LANCENT ARCH

• The simplest shape is the long

opening with a pointed arch
known in England as the lancet.

• Lancet arches are typically

defined as two-centered arches
whose radii are larger than the
arch's span.
EQUILATERAL ARCH

• Many Gothic openings are based upon

the equilateral form.

• the radius is exactly the width of the

opening and the centre of each arch
coincides with the point from which the
opposite arch springs
FLAMBOYANT ARCH

• The Flamboyant Arch is one that is drafted

from four points, the upper part of each main
arc turning upwards into a smaller arc and
meeting at a sharp, flame-like point.

• very rarely been used for large openings

DEPRESSED ARCH

• The depressed or four-centred

arch is much wider than its height
and gives the visual effect of
having been flattened under
pressure.

• This type of arch, when employed

as a window opening, lends itself
to very wide spaces, provided it is
adequately supported by many
narrow vertical shafts.
SYMBOLISM AND ORNAMENTATION

• The Gothic cathedral represented the universe in microcosm and each

architectural concept, including the loftiness and huge dimensions of the
structure, were intended to convey a theological message: the great glory of
God.

• the decorative schemes usually incorporated Biblical stories, emphasizing

visual typological allegories between Old Testament prophecy and the New
Testament.

• Many churches were very richly decorated, both inside and out.
RIBBED VAULT

• Four common types of vault. A barrel

vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel
vault, or wagon vault) has a semi
circular cross section. A groin (or
cross) vault is formed by the
perpendicular intersection of two
barrel vaults. A rib (or ribbed) vault is
supported by a series of arched
diagonal ribs that divide the vault’s
surface into panels. A fan vault is
composed of concave sections with
ribs spreading out like a fan.
 FLYING BUTTRESS

• Flying buttress, masonry structure typically consisting of an

inclined bar carried on a half arch that extends (“flies”) from
the upper part of a wall to a pier some distance away and
carries the thrust of a roof or vault.
• A pinnacle (vertical ornament of pyramidal or conical
shape) often crowns the pier, adding weight
and enhancing stability. The flying buttress evolved in the
Gothic era from earlier simpler, hidden supports. The design
increased the supporting power of the buttress and allowed
for the creation of the high-ceilinged churches typical
of Gothic architecture.
NOTRE DAME ,
PARIS...
 INTRODUCTION

• Notre Dame de Paris also know as Notre

Dame Cathedral is a medieval cathedral in
the fourth arrondissement in Paris,
France.
• It is a finest example for gothic
architecture.
• The naturalism of its sculptures and
stained glass serve to contrast it with
earlier Romanesque architecture.
• Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to
use the flying buttress. The building was not originally designed to
include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the
construction began, the thinner walls grew ever higher and stress
fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.

• Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the

outside to serve as column supports and water spouts. Among these
are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.
• The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several
spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most
famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a
spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.
• In 1793, during the French Revolution the
cathedral was rededicated to the Cult of
Reason, and then to the Cult of the
Supreme Being. During this time, many of
the treasures of the cathedral were either
destroyed or plundered.

• For a time the Goddess of Liberty replaced

the Virgin Mary on several altars. The
cathedral's great bells managed to avoid
being melted down. The cathedral came to
be used as a warehouse for the storage of
food.
• LOCATION:- place Jean-Paul-II, Paris
• STATE:- FRANCE
• DENOMINATION:- ROMAN CATHOLIC
• STATUS:- CATHEDRAL
• STYLE:- FRENCH GOTHIC
• LENGTH:- 128 METERS
• WIDTH:- 48 METERS
 1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris) orders the
original cathedral demolished.
1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre-Dame de Paris; construction
begins.
1182 Apse and choir completed.

1196 Bishop Maurice de Sully dies.

TIMELINE OF
c.1200 Work begins on western facade.
CONSTRUCTI
1208 Bishop Eudes de Sully dies. Nave vaults nearing
ON completion.
1225 Western facade completed.

1250 Western towers and north rose window completed.

c.1245–1260s Transepts remodelled in the Rayonnant style

by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil
1250–1345 Remaining elements completed
NOMENCLATURE
BELLS

• The cathedral has 10 bells. The largest, Emmanuel, original

to 1681, is located in the south tower and weighs just over
13 tons and is tolled to mark the hours of the day and for
various occasions and services. This bell is always rung
first, at least 5 seconds before the rest.
• . Until recently, there were four additional 19th-century
bells on wheels in the north tower, which were swing
chimed. These bells were meant to replace nine which
were removed from the cathedral during the Revolution
and were rung for various services and festivals.
 ROSE WINDOW

• A rose window or Catherine window is often used as a

generic term applied to a circular window, but is
especially used for those found in churches of
the Gothic architectural style and being divided into
segments by stone mullions and tracery.
• The term "wheel window" is often applied to a window
divided by simple spokes radiating from a
central boss or opening, while the term "rose window"
is reserved for those windows, sometimes of a highly
complex design, which can be seen to bear similarity to
a multi-petalled rose.
GARGOYLE

• The famous gargoyles of Notre-

Dame, all carved in the
nineteenth century, and which
perform an essential role of
projecting rainwater away from
the building, have in many places
been replaced with unsightly PVC
tubes because the stonework
was too corroded (and thus
dangerous) to leave in place.
EXTERIORS

FLYING BUTRESS OF NOTRE

DAME

SOUTH ROSE WINDOW

Tympanum of the Last Judgment
Notre-Dame's facade
INTERIORS

The Statue of Virgin and Child

Notre-Dame's high altar with

the kneeling statues of Louis
XIII and Louis XIV
Emmanuel, the
great bourdon bell, at the
Notre-Dame de Paris

Statue of Joan of Arc

FURNITURE
GOTHIC FURNITURE IS CHARACTERIZED BY

• Unique art work

• Ornate

This architectural style is associated with

church design, and Gothic furniture was
created to complement it.
GOTHIC FURNITURE IS CHARACTERIZED BY

Specific design characteristics that appear in the

furniture are
• gargoyles,
• flying buttresses,
• and quatrefoil and trefoil shapes.
• Pointed arches,
• tracery,
• heavy fabrics,
• and heavy woods
• Decorative paints
FURNITURE COLORS

• gold,
• forest green,
• ruby,
• and purple
were used to highlight the rich designs.
WOODS

• The walnut,
• rosewood,
• oak, and
• other heavy woods
used were finished with a dark patina.
FABRICS

Rich fabrics such as

• leather,
• brocade, and
• velvet covered the frames as upholstery.
GOTHIC FEATURES

• Geometric Patterns
• Carving & Motifs
• Scupltures
• Cut outs
• Bold Legs
• Paintings, Inlays & Tapestries
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror
• Book cases
• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs
• Tables & Desks
• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs

• Ornate mirror
• Book cases
• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs
• Tables & Desks
• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror

• Book cases
• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs
• Tables & Desks
• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror
• Book cases

• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs
• Tables & Desks
• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror
• Book cases
• Chest of draws

• Sofas & Chairs

• Tables & Desks
• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror
• Book cases
• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs

• Tables & Desks

• Side boards
GOTHIC FURNITURE TODAY

• Gothic Chairs
• Ornate mirror
• Book cases
• Chest of draws
• Sofas & Chairs
• Tables & Desks

• Side boards
THANK YOU
AR. SUNAYANA TIRUMALA
THANK YOU