St.

Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Losartan
Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensive

Drug Action/s:
Blocks vasoconstricting and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II at various receptor sites,
including vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands. Also increases urinary flow and enhances
excretion of chloride, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate. Therapeutic Effect: Causes vasodilation,
decreases peripheral resistance, decreases B/P.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
50 mg/ PO BID
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV).
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Treatment of hypertension in adults and children 6 yrs and older. Used alone or in combination with
other antihypertensives. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated creatinine and proteinuria
(in pts with type 2 diabetes and history of hypertension), prevention of stroke in pts with hypertension
and left ventricular hypertrophy. OFF-LABEL: Slow rate of progression of aortic root dilation in
children with Marfan’s syndrome. HF in pts intolerant of ACE inhibitors

Treatment of hypertension in adults and children 6 yrs and older. Used alone or in combination with
other antihypertensives. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated creatinine and proteinuria
(in pts with type 2 diabetes and history of hypertension), prevention of stroke in pts with hypertension
and left ventricular hypertrophy. OFF-LABEL: Slow rate of progression of aortic root dilation in
children with Marfan’s syndrome. HF in pts intolerant of ACE inhibitors
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Dizziness  Hypotension
 Upper respiratory tract infection  Tachycardia
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Obtain B/P, apical pulse immediately before each dose, in addition to regular monitoring (be
alert to fluctuations).
 Assess medication history (esp. diuretics).
 Monitor vital signs closely.
 Monitor for signs and symptoms of overdose (such as confusion, hypotension, coma, and
labored breathing).
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Report any sign of infection (sore throat, fever), chest pain.
 Do not take OTC cold preparations, nasal decongestants.
 Limit salt intake.
 Tell patient and family about drug’s possible CNS effects. Recommend appropriate safety
precautions.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Tramadol
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic

Drug Action/s:
Binds to mu-opioid receptors in CNS, inhibiting ascending pain pathway. Inhibits reuptake of
norepinephrine, serotonin, inhibiting descending pain pathways. Therapeutic Effect: Reduces pain.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
50 mg/ IV q8h
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV).
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Immediate-Release: Management of moderate to moderately severe pain.
Extended-Release: Around-the-clock management of moderate to moderately severe pain for
extended period.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Dizziness  Seizures
 Vertigo  Agitation
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor pulse, B/P, renal/hepatic function.
 Assist with ambulation if dizziness, vertigo occurs. Dry crackers, cola may relieve nausea.
 Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency.
 Sips of water may relieve dry mouth.
 Assess for clinical improvement, record onset of relief of pain.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Instruct patient to watch for and immediately report signs and symptoms of serotonin
syndrome (shivering and diarrhea, muscle rigidity, fever, and seizures).
 Tell patient to immediately report sign and symptoms of allergic reaction (such as itching,
hives, and difficulty breathing, or swelling of face, tongue, or throat).
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Metronidazole
Therapeutic Class: Antibacterial, Antiprotozoal, Amebicidal

Drug Action/s:
Diffuses into organism, interacting with DNA causing a loss of helical DNA structure and strand
breakage, inhibiting protein synthesis. Therapeutic Effect: Produces bactericidal, antiprotozoal,
amebicidal, trichomonacidal effects. Produces anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive effects when
applied topically.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
500mg/ IV PRN
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV).
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Treatment of anaerobic infections (skin/skin structure, CNS, lower respiratory tract, bone/joints,
intraabdominal, gynecologic, endocarditis, septicemia). Treatment of H. pylori (part of multidrug
regimen); surgical prophylaxis (colorectal), trichomoniasis, amebiasis. Topical treatment of acne
rosacea or inflammatory lesions.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Nausea  Numbness
 Dry mouth / metallic taste  Tingling of hands and feet

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor I.V. site. Avoid prolonged use of indwelling catheter.
 Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency.
 Monitor I&O, assess for urinary problems.
 Be alert to neurologic symptoms (dizziness, paresthesia of extremities).
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Urine may be deep brownish red.
 Inform patient that drug may cause metallic taste.
 Advise patient to report fever, sore throat, bleeding, or bruising.
 Avoid tasks that require alertness, motor skills until response to drug is established.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Omeprazole
Therapeutic Class: Proton pump inhibitor

Drug Action/s:
Suppresses gastric secretion by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system in the gastric
parietal cell; characterized as a gastric acid pump inhibitor, since it blocks the final step of acid
production.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
40 mg/ IV BID
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV).
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, NSAID - associated gastric acid and duodenal ulcers or
erosions, Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease, reflux esophagitis, symptomatic
gastro-esophageal reflux disease, acid related dyspepsia and Zollinger - Ellison syndrome. In this case,
it blocks the production of gastric acid to prevent gastritis that can lead to peptic ulcer and can cause
gastric bleeding.

Since the patient has a jejunostomy tube and can only ingest a small sip of water because he is
restricted to eating foods orally considering his condition, his stomach still produces the digestive
juices or stomach acid that are otherwise used to digest the food that we eat. In such a situation, the acid
from the stomach will start to travel into the esophagus, causing pain, a burning sensation, and
discomfort in her chest and throat. Omeprazole was ordered by the doctor so that the patient would
prevent acid reflux and ulcers, thus preventing pain as well.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Dizziness  Abdominal pain
 Headache  Stomach pain
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor patient for signs and symptoms of acute interstitial nephritis.
 Assess for changes in bowel elimination and GI upset to identify possible adverse effects.
 Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of low magnesium level, such as abnormal HR or
rhythm, palpitations, muscle spasm, tremors, or seizures.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Tell the patient to swallow tablets whole and not open, crush, or chew them.
 Advice patient to report severe diarrhea; black, tarry stools; abdominal cramps/pain, continuing
headache; product may have to be discontinued.
 Teach patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of low magnesium levels.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

Cefoxitin Sodium
Therapeutic Class: Antibiotics

Drug Action/s:
Inhibits cell-wall synthesis, promoting osmotic instability; usually bactericidal.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
1g IV q8h
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Cefoxitin is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic for parenteral administration used for
the treatment of serious bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infection, blood infection, bone and
joint infection, and lower respiratory tract infection.

Since the patient had undergone a EL, Tube Jejunostomy procedure, cefoxitin was given as a
perioperative prophylaxis to avoid serious infections of the respiratory or GU tracts; skin, soft-tissue,
bone, or joint infection; bloodstream or intra-abdominal infection caused by susceptible organisms.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Nausea  Thrombocytopenia
 Headache  Diarrhea
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor patient for superinfection or diarrhea and treat appropriately, especially if large doses
are given, therapy is prolonged, or patient is at high risk.
 Monitor signs of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, including pulmonary symptoms (tightness
in the throat and chest, wheezing, cough dyspnea) or skin reactions (rash, pruritus, urticaria).
Notify physician or nursing staff immediately if these reactions occur.
 Monitor injection site for pain, swelling, and irritation. Report prolonged or excessive injection-
site reactions to the physician.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Tell patient to report adverse reactions and signs and symptoms of superinfection promptly.
 Instruct patient to report discomfort at IV site.
 Advise patient to report loose stools or diarrhea.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Hyoscine butylbromide
Therapeutic Class: Antispasmodic; Anticholinergic

Drug Action/s:
Hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (HNBB) acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses by
acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. HNBB exerts a spasmolytic action on the smooth
muscle of the gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tracts. As a quaternary ammonium derivative,
hyoscine-N- butyl bromide does not enter the central nervous system. Therefore, anticholinergic side
effects at the central nervous system do not occur. Peripheral anticholinergic effects result from a
ganglion-blocking action within the visceral wall as well as from anti- muscarinic activity.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
10 mg IV q6h
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Hyoscine butyl bromide is indicated in acute spasm, as in renal or biliary colic, in radiology for
differential diagnosis of obstruction and to reduce spasm and pain in pyelography, and in other
diagnostic procedures where spasm may be a problem (e.g. gastroduodenal endoscopy).

Since the patient is experiencing gastric pain, HNBB are given or indicated for the relief of spasm of the
genito-urinary tract or gastro- intestinal tract.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Constipation  Increased ICP
 Blurred Vision  Tachycardia
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Raise side rails as a precaution because some patients become temporarily excited or disoriented
and some develop amnesia or become drowsy.
 Reorient patient, as needed, Tolerance may develop when therapy is prolonged.
 Atropine-like toxicity may cause dose related adverse reactions. Individual tolerance varies
greatly.
 Overdose may cause curare-like effects, such as respiratory paralysis. Keep emergency
equipment available.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 HNBB will potentiate the effect of alcohol and other CNS depressants.
 Teach patient to not take antacids and antidiarrheal 2 to 3 hours prior to raking this drug.
 Teach patient for the adverse reactions of the drug such as Constipation, Blurred feeling, Nausea
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
or vomiting, Lightheadedness, and Headache.

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Metoclopramide
Therapeutic Class: Antiemetic, GI stimulant

Drug Action/s:
Blocks dopamine/serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. Enhances
acetylcholine response in upper GI tract, causing increased motility and accelerated gastric emptying
without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions; increases lower esophageal sphincter tone.
Therapeutic Effect: Accelerates intestinal transit, promotes gastric emptying. Relieves nausea,
vomiting.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
1 amp/ IV q8h
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Symptomatic treatment of diabetic gastroparesis, prevent/treat nausea/vomiting with chemotherapy or
after surgery.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor for anxiety, restlessness, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during IV administration.
 Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency.
 Assess skin for rash.
 Evaluate for therapeutic response from gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, bloating).
 Monitor renal function, B/P, heart rate.
 Monitor patient closely for signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered consciousness, and evidence of autonomic instability
[irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac arrhythmias]);
immediately discontinue drug if these symptoms occur.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Avoid tasks that require alertness, motor skills until response to drug is established.
 Report involuntary eye, facial, limb movement (extrapyramidal reaction).
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Nicardipine
Therapeutic Class: Antianginal, Antihypertensive

Drug Action/s:
Blocks dopamine/serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. Enhances
acetylcholine response in upper GI tract, causing increased motility and accelerated gastric emptying
without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions; increases lower esophageal sphincter
tone. Therapeutic Effect: Accelerates intestinal transit, promotes gastric emptying. Relieves nausea,
vomiting.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
10g/ 9cc PNSS IV STAT
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

Short-term treatment of hypertension when oral therapy not feasible or desirable.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Headache  Slurred speech
 Facial flushing  Drowsiness
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Monitor B/P, heart rate during and following IV infusion.
 Assess for peripheral edema.
 Assess skin for facial flushing, dermatitis, rash.
 Question for asthenia, headache.
 Check closely for rash (which may be first sign of Stevens-Johnson syndrome), especially
during first 6 months of therapy.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 May take without regard to food.
 Sustained-release capsule taken whole; do not break, chew, crush, or open.
 Report if anginal pain not relieved or if palpitations, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness,
constipation, nausea, and hypotension occurs.
 Teach patient to recognize and immediately report rash, easy bruising or bleeding, and signs
and symptoms of hepatotoxicity.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Kaviben
Therapeutic Class: Intravenous Nutritional Periods.

Drug Action/s: The amino acids provide the structural units that make up proteins and are used to
synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of
energy. Intravenously administered lipids provide a biologically utilizable source of calories and essential
fatty acids. Fatty acids serve as an important substrate for energy production. The most common
mechanism of action for energy derived from fatty acid metabolism is beta- oxidation
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
1400kcal x 24
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

It is as a source of calories, protein, electrolytes and essential fatty acids for adult patients requiring
parenteral nutrition when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated. Kabiven
may be used to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency or treat negative nitrogen balance in adult patients.
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Lightheadedness  Chest Pain
 Hives  Difficulty in breathing
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Assess patient vital signs, observing for signs of infection such as elevated temperature. (Bacteria
may grow in high-glucose and high-protein solutions.)
 Monitor renal status, (Intake and output ratio, daily weight, and laboratory studies serum creatinine
and BUN are used to assess renal function.)
 Monitor blood glucose levels. Observe for signs of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and administer
insulin as directed.
 Monitoring patients for signs and symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency
 Monitor liver function parameters and ammonia.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Advise patient to report fever, chills, soreness or drainage of the infusion site, cough, or malaise.
 Instruct patient that infusion site has high risk for infection development; hence, sterile dressings
and aseptic technique with solutions and tubing are needed.
 Advise client to report shortness of breath heart palpitations, swelling, or decreased urine.
 Advise client to report symptoms of Hyperglycemia (excessive thirst, copious urination, and
insatiable hunger) and Hypoglycemia (nervousness, irritability, and dizziness)
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

Calcium gluconate
Therapeutic Class: Antidotes, Calcium Salts
Drug Action/s: Calcium is essential for the functional integrity of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal
systems. It plays a role in normal cardiac function, renal function, respiration, blood coagulation, and cell
membrane and capillary permeability. Also, calcium helps to regulate the release and storage of
neurotransmitters and hormones, the uptake and binding of amino acids, absorption of vitamin B 12, and
gastrin secretion
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
10ml

Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

This medication is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough
calcium from their diets. It may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone
loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland
(hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).
Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Nausea  Bradycardia
 Vomiting  Hypotension
List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Assess patient vital signs such as, BP, pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and oxygen
saturation.
 Monitor for skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
 Monitor for Pain, redness, or irritation at injection site
 Assess the patient for dizziness, feeling faint or lightheaded, blurry vision
 Monitor patient input and output.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:
 Advise the patient to take the medication by mouth with food.
 Advise the patient to do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking the
physician.
 Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol
 Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until drug’s effects on
concentration and alertness are known,
 Discuss reason for drug therapy with patient and family, when appropriate.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg
Generic Name of Drug:
Dulcolax Suppository (Bisacodyl)
Therapeutic Class: Gastrointestinal Agent; Stimulant Laxative
Drug Action/s: As a laxative that acts on the colon, bisacodyl specifically stimulates the natural evacuation
process in the lower region of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, bisacodyl is ineffective in altering the
digestion or absorption of calories or essential nutrients in the small intestine. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) is a
locally acting laxative from the diphenylmethane derivatives group.
As a contact laxative, bisacodyl stimulates peristalsis of the colon and promotes accumulation of water in the
colonic lumen which leads to stimulation of defecation, reduction of transit time and softening of stool.
The laxative effect of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) occurs upon contact with the colonic mucosa where it stimulates
the sensory nerve endings that results to increased peristaltic contractions of the large intestine to produce
soft well-formed stools. This results in a stimulation of defecation, reduction of transit time, and a softening
of the stool. It is a reversible reaction wherein colonic function would return to its normal condition after
defecation occurs.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
10mg, Stat, Rectal
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) is indicated in patients suffering from constipation and for preparation of diagnostic
procedures, in pre- and post-operative treatment and in conditions which require defecation to be facilitated.

Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Abdominal Pain  Haematochezia
 Diarrhea  Abdominal spasm

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:

 Evaluate periodically patient's need for continued use of drug; bisacodyl usually produces 1 or 2 soft
formed stools daily.
 Monitor patients receiving concomitant anticoagulants. Indiscriminate use of laxatives results in
decreased absorption of vitamin K.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:

 Add high-fiber foods slowly to regular diet to avoid gas and diarrhea. Adequate fluid intake includes
at least 6–8 glasses

DRUG STUDY
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

KETOROLAC TROMETAMOL (AEROLAC)
Therapeutic Class: Central Nervous System Agent; Non-narcotic analgesic;Antipyretic
Drug Action/s:
It inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins and is a peripherally acting analgesic. Ketorolac does not have any
known effects on opiate receptors.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):
300mg, q6 x 6 doses, IV
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.
Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:
Ketorolac is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-
inflammatory properties.It is indicated for short term management of acute pain that requires the calibre of
pain management offered by opioids.Clinicians may choose to initiate ketorolac to manage post-operative
pain, spinal and soft tissue pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual
disorders and headaches among other ailments.Regardless of the etiology of pain, patients should use the
lowest possible dose, and avoid using ketorolac for an extended period of time (ideally ≤ 5 days).A benefit
of choosing ketorolac over other analgesics with similar potency is that that there does not appear to be a
risk of dependence or tolerance with ketorolac use

Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Constipation  Drowsiness
 Headache  Sweating

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:
 Correct hypovolemia prior to administration of ketorolac.
 Lab tests: Periodic serum electrolytes and liver functions; urinalysis (for hematuria and proteinuria)
with long-term use.
 Monitor urine output in older adults and patients with a history of cardiac decompensation, renal
impairment, heart failure, or liver dysfunction as well as those taking diuretics. Discontinuation of drug
will return urine output to pretreatment level.
 Monitor for S&S of GI distress or bleeding including nausea, GI pain, diarrhea, melena, or
hematemesis. GI ulceration with perforation can occur anytime during treatment. Drug decreases
platelet aggregation and thus may prolong bleeding time.
 Monitor for fluid retention and edema in patients with a history of CHF.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:

 Watch for S&S of GI ulceration and bleeding (e.g., bloody emesis, black tarry stools) during long-
term therapy.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023
 Note: Possible CNS adverse effects (e.g., light-headedness, dizziness, drowsiness).
 Do not use other NSAIDs while taking this drug.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

Acetaminophen Paracetamol ( AMCETAM)
Therapeutic Class: Central Nervous System Agent; Non-narcotic analgesic;Antipyretic
Drug Action/s:
Produces analgesia by unknown mechanism, perhaps by action on peripheral nervous system. Reduces
fever by direct action on hypothalamus heat-regulating center with consequent peripheral
vasodilation, sweating, and dissipation of heat. Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen has little effect on
platelet aggregation, does not affect bleeding time, and generally produces no gastric bleeding.

Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):

300mg, QID, IV
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat pain and fever.
Clinicians can use it for their patients as a single agent for mild to moderate pain and in combination
with an opioid analgesic for severe pain.

Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 Abdominal Pain  Blood Disorder
 Vomiting  Liver and Kidney disorder

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:

 Monitor for S&S of: hepatotoxicity, even with moderate acetaminophen doses, especially in
individuals with poor nutrition or who have ingested alcohol over prolonged periods; poisoning,
usually from accidental ingestion or suicide attempts; potential abuse from psychological
dependence (withdrawal has been associated with restless and excited responses
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:

 Do not take other medications (e.g., cold preparations) containing acetaminophen without
medical advice; overdosing and chronic use can cause liver damage and other toxic effects.
 Do not self-medicate adults for pain more than 10 days without consulting a physician.
 Do not use this medication without medical direction for: fever persisting longer than 3 days,
fever over 39.5° C (103° F), or recurrent fever.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

Ondansetron Hydrochloride
Therapeutic Class: Gastrointestinal Agent;Antiemetic;5HT;Antagonist
Drug Action/s:
Selective serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Serotonin receptors are located centrally in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and peripherally on the vagal nerve terminals. Serotonin is released
from the wall of the small intestine and stimulates the vagal efferents through the serotonin receptors and
initiates the vomiting reflex.

Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):

4mg, q8 PRN, IV
Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeated courses of cancer chemotherapy,
including high-dose cisplatin; postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 headache  Fatigue
 chills  constipation

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:

 Monitor fluid and electrolyte status. Diarrhea, which may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance,
is a potential adverse effect of the drug.
 Monitor cardiovascular status, especially in patients with a history of coronary artery disease.
Rare cases of tachycardia and angina have been reported.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:

 Be aware that headache requiring an analgesic for relief is a common adverse effect.
 St. Paul University Philippines
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
College of Nursing
2nd Semester, AY 2022-2023

DRUG STUDY
Name: Alfred Gallema
Age: 68 y/o
Sex: Male
Weight: 53 kg

Generic Name of Drug:

Dextrose
Therapeutic Class: Glucose elevating agents
Drug Action/s:
50% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of dextrose in water for
injection for intravenous injection as a fluid and nutrient replenisher. When administered intravenously
this solution restores blood glucose levels in hypoglycemia and provides a source of carbohydrate
calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts
a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injection undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.
Dose, frequency, and route of administration (doctor’s order):

Case/Diagnosis:
Patient’s admitting diagnosis is Indirect Inguinal Hernia and post-operative diagnosis is Gastric Mass
Malignant (Stage IV). Patient have also undergone Exploratory, and Tube Jejunostomy Insertion.

Indication/s (reason/s) for administering the medication to the patient:

This product is used to treat low blood sugar levels. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden
sweating, cold skin, shaking, irritability, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling
hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets, liquid, or gel to treat low blood sugar.

Two (2) most common side-effects of the Two (2) most common adverse effects of the
medication medication
 nausea  febrile response
 diarrhea  venous thrombosis

List important nursing responsibilities you have to consider when administering the medication:

 Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in
fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral
therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.
Patient health teachings in relation to the medication:

 Keep all regular medical and lab appointments.