May 5, 1789 - Nov 9, 1799 nN bB) Sorwenede: MARIA JANINA A.hf rcofuD iar. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted for adecade. In that time, the citizens of France demolished andfebuilt their nation’s institutions. Though it is studied in classrooms and depicted in countless works of art, these interesting facts about the French Revolution may have escaped your attention: The French Revolution is one of the great turning-points in history. Never before had the people of a large and populous country soughtto remake their society on the basis of the principle of popular sovereignty.(an o ne) A. itic: & Og ich ted i st of Europe e entul the monarch had absolute control over the government . Classes of people — privil unprivileged — Unprivileged people — paid taxes and treated badly — Privileged people — did not pay taxes andt treated well DxGeciely, woler (fe Yel Cegime * In France, people were divided into three estates — First Estate + High-ranking members of the Church + Privileged class + Nobility + Privileged class - Third Estate - Everyone else — from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities + Unprivileged classCNM MUIN eos ld Regime: The Divine Right of Kings God put the world in erp nant SCT : Drosera o aN ReL | ONTO ee CLES ERSTE COTOLOWG- TERM CAUSES SHeRT- TERM CAUSESCaan [(nugeg of [he Frenep wlio ¢ Absolutism © Unjust socio-political system (Old Regime) Write your agenda point ¢ Poor harvests which left peasant farmers withilittle money for taxes © Influence of Enlightenment philosophes * System of mercantilism which restricted trade * Influence of other successful Tevolutions -England’s Glorious Revolution (1638+ 1689) -American Reyolution (1775-1783)Shoi(-[orme (nuog of (he Freveh Corellon BANKRUPTCY * Caused by defici spending « Financial ministers (Turgot, Necker, Calonne) proposed changes (But these were prfoutce)} Assembly of Notables voted eo seke peo em Co meneueDI la Cry ESTATES-GENERAL GREAT FEAR ene Se ese ee a ere + Worst famine in memory emer RCN ER ERO Monn ts Then Soporte Deen am estan) peasants feared that nobles at SPN Er eee TCC eects EstatesGeneral were seeking greater privileges Pruner erences which resulted in the abolition of * Attacks on nobles occurred See eR eS hg throughout the country in Pere ts Stet e Cy 1789 FrancePr Thee ee fr Th Y CF[a[es- Gerorh © Winter of 1788-1789 — Members of the estates elected representatives ¢ Cahiers Traditional lists of grievances.written by the people ~ Nothing out of the ordinary + Asked for only moderate changes which left peasant farmers with little money for taxesa bloc to stop the Third OU Tice BN TerL 7(ene (Jur Qa The Third Estate declared itself to be the National oe) Ne Louis XVI responded by locking the Third Estate out of the meeting. The Third Estate relocated to a nearby tennis court where its members vowed to stay together and create a written constitution for France. On June 23, 1789, Louis XVI relented. He ordered the three estates to meet together as the National Assembly and vote, by population, on a constitution for France.Fou Dircos (Voricale) offer Lrerap. Lerobuficr. National ly (1789-1791) Legislative Assembly (1791-1792) Convention (1792-1795) Directory (1795-1799)Wafer’ A (1789-1791) ° Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution. * When news of his plan to use military force against the National Assembly reached Paris on July 14, 1789, people stormed the BastilleYe em ae + Parisian Commune feared that Louis XVI would have foreign troops invade Franée to put down the i PMU Smo pcr oN Cebey SO Bort OUs RTT EVeCPS UT osTCttc the Austrian emperor + A group of women attacked Versailles on O Oe Ree CNB ETNA OR OMe IO with National Assembly - Royal family Spent next RO orI ACTER RUM RTT Sete SESE astute een aeyAbolishment year CReTateE PEO ean sre TTENT ING La terecat te law (for men) Abolition of special privileges Many nobles left France and became Constitution of 1791 Reforms in local government pyre Come eetranty aE eleCa) Snes ytd based on the ELST SCO ey—a Liberté + Egalité + Fraternité REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISEtie Acer bly. (OHO2) wy * Royal family sought help from Ausfijia - In June, 1791, they were caught trying to escape to Austria * Nobles who fled the revolution liy broad as émigrés - They hoped that, with foreign help, the Old Regime; id be restored in France ¢ Church officials wanted Church: ights, and privileges restored — Some devout Catholic peasants ported the Church ipterests, emerged - Girondists — JacobinsOp og (vo we [pe [lew Geverrmer| * European monarchs feared that revolution would spread to their own countries — France was invaded by Austrian and Prussiantroops ¢ In the uproar, the Commune took control of Paris -Commune was led by Danton, a member of the Jacobin political party * Voters began electing representatives fora new convention which would write a republican constitution for France - A republic is a goyernment in-which the people élect représentatives whowill create laws and'rule on their behalf = Meanwhile, thousands of nobles were executed under the suspicion that they were conspirators in, the foreign invasionCover {tw{[l02-195) On September 2241792, fhe/Gonyenition met for the first time Established theGitstFreneh Repnblie 7 Faced domes icjopposition and strife\+ Git ists were moderates who presented the rich’middle of the provinces ~Jacobins (led by, arat, Dahton, and Robéspiérre) represented ~ G S Faced oppositionfr6ém abroad; Atisttias England, Holland, Prussia, Sardinia, and Spain: formed ® Coalition invading FranceHeclicprar] & (he [henake py * The Convention abolished the monarchy —As long as the royal family lived, the monarchy could be restored — Put the royal couple'on trial for treason +» Convictions Were a foregone conclusion ~ Louis XVI was guillotined on January 21,1793 ~ Marie Antoinette was guillotined on October 16,1793, + Daughter Marie-Thérése was allowed togo to Vienna in 1795. + She could not become queen because of Sali¢ law, which did not allow females to succeed to the throne — Son Louis-Charles, a.k.a. Louis XVII (lived 1785- 1795) was beaten and mistreated until he died in prisonGUILLOTINE IN THE SQUARE BEFORE TI Illustration from a contemporary newspaper.e Reign OB crteRy mi tee orane yas hes & mS * Constitution of tHe Year I