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Adjacency Matrix

There are different ways to represent graphs on a computer. One common method is to use an adjacency matrix, which stores the connections between vertices in a graph as a 2D array. Each row and column represents a vertex, and a 1 in the matrix indicates an edge between those two vertices, while a 0 indicates no edge. Adjacency matrices allow constant-time access to edges and easy addition/removal of edges, but take more space than other methods for sparse graphs with few edges.

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Minahel Noor Fatima
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122 views

Adjacency Matrix

There are different ways to represent graphs on a computer. One common method is to use an adjacency matrix, which stores the connections between vertices in a graph as a 2D array. Each row and column represents a vertex, and a 1 in the matrix indicates an edge between those two vertices, while a 0 indicates no edge. Adjacency matrices allow constant-time access to edges and easy addition/removal of edges, but take more space than other methods for sparse graphs with few edges.

Uploaded by

Minahel Noor Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph Representations

In graph theory, a graph representation is a technique to store graph into


the memory of computer.

To represent a graph, we just need the set of vertices, and for each vertex
the neighbors of the vertex (vertices which is directly connected to it by an
edge). If it is a weighted graph, then the weight will be associated with each
edge.

There are different ways to optimally represent a graph, depending on the


density of its edges, type of operations to be performed and ease of use.

1. Adjacency Matrix

An adjacency matrix is a square matrix of N x N size where N is the


number of nodes in the graph and it is used to represent the connections
between the edges of a graph.

The adjacency matrix, also called the connection matrix, is a matrix


containing rows and columns which is used to represent a simple
labelled graph, with 0 or 1 in the position of (Vi , Vj) according to the
condition whether Vi and Vj are adjacent or not. It is a compact way to
represent the finite graph containing n vertices of a m x m matrix M.
Sometimes adjacency matrix is also called as vertex.
If the simple graph has no self-loops, Then the vertex matrix should
have 0s in the diagonal. It is symmetric for the undirected graph. The
connection matrix is considered as a square array where each row
represents the out-nodes of a graph and each column represents the
in-nodes of a graph. Entry 1 represents that there is an edge between
two nodes.

An adjacency matrix is a way of representing a graph as a matrix of


boolean (0’s and 1’s).
Let’s assume there are n vertices in the graph So, create a 2D
matrix adjMat[n][n] having dimension n x n.

 If there is an edge from vertex i to j, mark adjMat[i][j] as 1.


 If there is no edge from vertex i to j, mark adjMat[i][j] as 0.

 Adjacency matrix is a sequential representation.


 It is used to represent which nodes are adjacent to each other. i.e.
is there any edge connecting nodes to a graph.

Advantages of using Adjacency Matrix:


 An adjacency matrix is simple and easy to understand.
 Adding or removing edges from a graph is quick and easy.
 It allows constant time access to any edge in the graph.
 Undirected graph representation

 Directed graph represenation

In the above examples, 1 represents an edge from row vertex to


column vertex, and 0 represents no edge from row vertex to
column vertex.
 Undirected weighted graph represenation

 Self loop :
Characteristics of the adjacency matrix are:
 The size of the matrix is determined by the number of vertices in the
graph.
 The number of nodes in the graph determines the size of the matrix.
 The number of edges in the graph is simply calculated.
 If the graph has few edges, the matrix will be sparse.

Applications of the Adjacency Matrix:

i. Graph algorithms: Many graph algorithms like Dijkstra’s


algorithm, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, and Kruskal’s algorithm use
adjacency matrices to represent graphs.
ii. Image processing: Adjacency matrices are used in image processing
to represent the adjacency relationship between pixels in an image.
iii. Finding the shortest path between two nodes: By performing
matrix multiplication on the adjacency matrix, one can find the
shortest path between any two nodes in a graph.

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