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Diffusion and Osmosis-My Notes

The document discusses different transport mechanisms in biology. It defines diffusion as the passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient without requiring energy. Osmosis is defined as the specific case of diffusion where water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane from high to low water potential. The importance of water potential gradients in plants is discussed. Active transport is defined as the active movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from cellular respiration. Examples of active transport include ion uptake in root hairs and glucose uptake in villi.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
174 views15 pages

Diffusion and Osmosis-My Notes

The document discusses different transport mechanisms in biology. It defines diffusion as the passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient without requiring energy. Osmosis is defined as the specific case of diffusion where water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane from high to low water potential. The importance of water potential gradients in plants is discussed. Active transport is defined as the active movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from cellular respiration. Examples of active transport include ion uptake in root hairs and glucose uptake in villi.

Uploaded by

Magogo Magogo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

2(a) Define diffusion as the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a
region of their lower concentration, down a concentration gradient

Diffusion:
 Movement of molecules of a substance
 down the concentration gradient.
 No energy required
 Can occur in liquids and gases.
 Can be through or not through a partially permeable membrane
 When a concentration gradient exists, diffusion will contnue until the particles are evenly
distributed throughout the region
Concentration Gradient
The difference in the concentration of molecules of a substance between two regions

This slope is concentration gradient or diffusion gradient


When the concentration gradient is steeper, the rate of diffusion will be faster.
When the concentration gradient is less steeper the rate of diffusion will be slower
Explain the movement of water from the leaf

Importance of diffusion
 Gases exchange in plant leaves and surrounding
 Gases exchange between lungs and the blood in alveoli

ZAFAR SULEHRI phone; 03218800091 eMail; [email protected] web; zafarsulehri.com


O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 12

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

2(b) Define osmosis as the passage of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a
region of their lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Osmosis:
 Movement of water molecules (only)
 through a partially permeable membrane
 From high water potential to low water potential
 Energy is not required
Water potential
Tendency of a system to lose water molecules

Explain the movement of water

Investigate Osmosis
 Tie a visking tube at one end of a glass tube
 Fill it with 30 percent sucrose solution
 Set the apparatus as shown in fig.
 Mark the initial level of sucrose solution in the tube
 After half an hour record the change in sucrose solution level

Observations
 The level of sucrose solution rises

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

 The level of water in the beaker lowers


Explain the observations?
 Water potential outside the thistle funnel is higher than inside so
 the water molecules move into the thistle funnel
 by osmosis. so the level of sucrose solution rises in the column of thistle funnel
Experiment

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 13

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

2(c) Describe the importance of a water potential gradient in the uptake of water by plants and the
effects of osmosis on plant and animal tissues

Water potential

Osmosis in an animal cell


 Take three glass slides
 Label them
Slide A
Slide B
Slide C
 Take a drop of blood on each slide
 Observe red blood cells under a light microscope
 Make an outline of the Red blood cells

 Place few drops of a solution on each slide


Few drops of distilled water on slide A
Dilute sucrose solution on slide B
Concentrated sucrose solution on slide C
 Wait for 5 minutes and view each slide under the same power
 Observations

 Explain your observations

 Slide A

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

 Slide B

 Slide C

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 14

Question 15

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 16

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

2(d) Define active transport as the movement of ions into or out of a cell through the cell membrane,
from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against a
concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration

Active Transport:
 Movement of molecule/ions
 up the concentration gradient
 Energy is required which is provided by cellular respiration
 Only can take place in living cells.
 Can not occur without partially permeable membrane
Examples
 Uptake of glucose and amino acids from ileum by villi
 Uptake of mineral ions from soil by root hairs

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

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Question 17

Question 18

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

2(e) Discuss the importance of active transport as an energy-consuming process by which substances
are transported against a concentration gradient, as in ion uptake by root hairs and glucose uptake
by cells in the villi

Explain why some molecules can move into the villi by diffusion and others by Active transport

Explain the role of cell membrane in maintaining the concentration gradient between inside and
outside the root hair cell

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O LEVEL BIOLOGY/5090 Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 19

Question 20

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