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Math Notes

This document provides an overview of basic geometry concepts including: - Types of angles such as right, acute, obtuse, reflex, complementary, and supplementary angles - Angle properties including angles on a straight line, angles at a point, vertically opposite angles, and angles formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal (corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles) - Worked examples are provided to illustrate how to identify angles and use angle properties to solve problems. Homework questions are assigned at the end for practice.

Uploaded by

Kirthika Jagan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
79 views

Math Notes

This document provides an overview of basic geometry concepts including: - Types of angles such as right, acute, obtuse, reflex, complementary, and supplementary angles - Angle properties including angles on a straight line, angles at a point, vertically opposite angles, and angles formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal (corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles) - Worked examples are provided to illustrate how to identify angles and use angle properties to solve problems. Homework questions are assigned at the end for practice.

Uploaded by

Kirthika Jagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Secondary 1 Express Mathematics


Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Name: _______________________________ ( ) Class: ______ Date: _____________

Syllabus Learning Outcomes


Types of angles:
 Right, acute, reflex and obtuse angles
 Complementary and supplementary angles
Angle properties:
 Vertically opposite angles
 Angles on a straight line
 Angles at a point
Angles formed by two parallel lines & a transversal:
 Corresponding angles
 Alternate angles
 Interior angles

10.1 Basic geometrical concepts and notations


HBL:
A. Points, Lines and Planes TB 1B,
pg 76-77
Points
• Has a position but has neither size nor shape
• Position of point marked by cross (×)
• Use capital letters to name points

Lines
• Line segment AB is formed by joining two points A and B together (endpoints)
• Line is formed when line segment is extended in both directions indefinitely
• Rays are lines which have only one endpoint and extend indefinitely in only one direction
• Two lines/ line segments intersect when they have a common point i.e. they cross each other

Example: Identify the points and different kinds of lines in the diagram below.
C

B
Planes
• A flat surface in which any two points are joined by a line that lies entirely on the surface

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 1
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

B. Angles HBL:
TB 1B,
An angle is formed when two lines meet at a point. pg 78-80

Must know
how to
denote
angles
correctly

Right angle and straight line

Acute, obtuse and reflex angles

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 2
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Complementary angles
Two angles are complementary if they add up to 90o.

∠a + ∠b
= 50° + 40°
a = 90°
b
Therefore ∠a and ∠b are complementary angles.

Example:
The following diagrams show pairs of complementary angles. Find the value of θ in each case.

47°

θ 51.5°
θ

Supplementary angles
Two angles are supplementary if they add up to 180o.

∠a + ∠b
= 60° + 120°
= 180°

a b Therefore ∠a and ∠b are supplementary angles.

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 3
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

10.2 Angle Properties ***Must be stated clearly in working!***

(Property 1) Adjacent angles on a straight line


HBL:
Adjacent angles on the same line add up to 180°.
TB 1B,
Write: (adj. ∠ s on a str. line) or ( ∠ s on a str. line) pg 80-82

Example: Find the angle θ.

124°
θ

Practice Questions:
1. Find the unknown angle in each of the following diagrams.
(a) (b)

63° θ x
84°

2. Find the value of a in the diagram.

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 4
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

(Property 2) Angles at a point


Angles at a point add up to 360°.

Write: (∠s at a point) or ( ∠ s at a pt.)

Practice Questions:
3. Given the following figure, find the value of x.

35°

131° x°

4. Given the following figure, find the value of x.


2x°
2x°

4x°

(Property 3) Vertically opposite angles


Vertically opposite angles are formed when two straight lines intersect each other.
Vertically opposite angles are equal.

Write: (vert. opp. ∠ s)

∠p = ∠r (vert. opp. ∠s)

∠q = ∠s (vert. opp. ∠s)

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 5
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Practice Questions:
5. In the diagram below, AB, CD and EF are straight lines.
Calculate the values of x, y and z, stating your reasons clearly.

D
A

E F

C B

6. In the diagram below, AB and CD are straight lines. Find the value of x.


A
35°
110°
B

Homework #1
Level Ex 10A (TB 1B pg 83 ) Estimated Time Date Assigned:
3d, 4d, 5d, 7d 25 min _____________
Date Due:
8, 10a, 12d, 13 _____________
* You are required to draw the diagram next to your working.

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 6
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

10.3 Angles Formed by 2 Parallel Lines and a Transversal


When 2 lines on the same plane do not intersect, they are called ________________ lines.
When a line intersects 2 other lines, the line is called a __________________ .
The diagram below shows 2 parallel lines cut by a transversal.

HBL:
TB 1B,
pg 85-87

• ∠b and ∠f are called corresponding angles. (Other pairs: ∠a and ____ , ∠d and ____ ,
∠g and ____ )
• ∠d and ∠f are called alternate angles. (Other pairs: ∠c and ____ )
• ∠c and ∠f are called interior angles. (Other pairs: ∠d and ____ )

Angle Properties
When 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
(Property 4) the corresponding angles are equal
Write: (corr. ∠s, // lines) or (corr. ∠s)

(Property 5) the alternate angles are equal


Write: (alt. ∠s, // lines) or (alt. ∠s)

(Property 6) the interior angles are supplementary/add up to 180°


Write: (int. ∠s, // lines) or (int. ∠s)

∠a =∠e ∠d =∠f e 180°


∠d + ∠=
∠b =∠f ∠c =∠e f 180°
∠c + ∠=
∠c =∠g
∠d =∠h
*IMPORTANT: REMEMBER TO STATE ANGLE PROPERTIES IN WORKING!
CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022
Sec 1 Express Math 7
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

7. In the figure, AB and CD are parallel lines. BEF is a straight line. ∠DEF = 40°.
Find the value of x and of y, stating your reasons clearly.

B E 40°
F
y° x°

A
C

8. The lines AB and CDEF are parallel. ∠CDB = 115° and ∠DBE = 70° .
Stating your reasons clearly, find the value of
(a) x,
(b) y,
(c) z. A B

70°


C D E F

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 8
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

9. In the figure, ABC // DEF. ∠ABX = 35° and ∠XED = 53°. Find reflex angle BXE.

B
A C
35°

53°
D F
E

See:
TB pg 89,
worked eg 5

10.  = 35° . Find


In the figure, AB // CD and S is a point on AB with ST // DB. ABD
 ,
(a) reflex C DB
 .
(b) AST
T

A B
S 35°

C D

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 9
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

11. (a) Find the values of a, b, c and d in the figure below.


(b) What type of angle is c°?
[a = 7, b = 5.25, c = 124, d = 215]

Homework #2
Level Ex 10B (TB 1B Page 91)) Estimated Time Date Assigned:
2a, 3a, 3d 25 min _____________
Date Due:
5, 8 _____________
* You are required to draw the diagram next to your working.

*** Remember to state all your reasons clearly!***

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 10
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Extra Practice Questions:


12. Find
(a) ∠ACD,
(b) ∠CDE.
[(a) 105°, (b) 69°]

A B
36°

C 255°

D E

13. Find the value of x in the figure below.


[x = 230]

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 11
Chapter 10: Basic Geometry

Summary

Angle properties Diagrams Reasons in short form


Angles on a straight line add ∠s on a straight line
up to 180°.

Angles at a point add up to ∠s at a point


360°.

Vertically opposite angles vert. opp. ∠s


are equal.

Corresponding angles are corr. ∠s


equal.

Alternate angles are equal. alt. ∠s

Interior angles add up to int. ∠s


180°.

CHIJ SJC Math Dept 2022


Sec 1 Express Math 12

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