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31 views4 pages

Wa0024.

Nil

Uploaded by

Naveen
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EARLE RF Mixer ‘The sole purpose of the microwave mixer is to provide cither the sum or difference frequency of the two incoming signals at the output. A frequency mixer is a 3-port electronic circuit. Two of the ports are “input” ports and the other port is an “output” portl. The ideal miver “mixes" the two input signals such that the output signal frequ frequency of the inputs as shown in Fig, In other words, ey is either the sum (oF difference) HILL. (See Fig 5.11.1 on page 5-64) Sout = fiat * fina ‘The goal of a mixer designer is to create a circuit that performs this frequency translation efficiently and without distortion Modern microwave systems typically use several mixers and filters to perform the functions of frequency up-conversion ancl down-conversion between baseband signal frequencies and RF carrier frequencies. on Moos O Ar Stage 2 ac ar | ‘w 2, Stage t ™ S Ar soo Fig, 5.10.4 Multistage amplifier ‘Components. Mixers used in Microwaves 1. Single ended diode mixer 2, Single ended FET mixer 3. Balanced! mixer 4. Image reject mixer 5, Differential FET mixer EXIED Single Ended Diode Mixer + There are many ways to build a mixer. The simplest mixer consists of a single diode as shown in Fig. 5.11.2 Vans Yors= Fig. 5.14.2 Simple single ended mix +A lange signal LO and a small signal RF combine at the anode of the diode. For an ideal single diode mixe assumed that the LO is significantly stronger than the RE such that only: the LO has the ability to affect the transconductance of the diode. We also assume that the diode switches instantaneously as shown in Fig 5113. Curent © Devices that possess. such vonage Instantaneous transconductance gag. 5.44.3 The Ideal commutator switching are called Ideal commutators characteristic and yield the theoretically optimal diode mixer performance. 6s + Devices that possess such instantaneous transconductance switching are called, ideal commutators and yield the theoretically optimal diode mixer performance. ‘+The mixing process takes place due to the switching response of the diode LV ‘curve to the strong LO signal. Actual Senothy ec Tranation reaioe| Curent ‘otage Fig, 5.11.4 Schotthy diode characteristic ‘+ As the diode is forced open and closed by the LO, the small signal RF is chopped. When we analyse the Fourier components of the output signal from a ‘commutating (or switching) mixer diode, Attributes of Frequency Mixers. 1, Mixing is caused by the switching behavior of the diode, 2 The majority of unwanted harmonics are caused by the nonlinear intermodulation of the RF and LO signals in the transition region of the diode. ‘S. Thi haat miiianit ‘ude cadens thet classy dpfpecieimaty ita ‘ideal’ taeneicibians: Balanced Mixer + High performance mixers are fof the mixer circuit from the balanced type. designed using four o¢ eight diodes. The evolution single diode unbalanced type to the multi

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