PASSWORD BASED

CIRCUIT BREAKER

A PROJECT REPORT

JAYARAMAN G 713321EC019
THARUKESHWAR S 713321EC053
VINETHRA M 713321EC056

In partial fulfillment for the award of

the degree
Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING SNS COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
COIMBATORE- 641 107

ANNA UNIVERSITY:CHENNAI 600025

2022-2023
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT

BREAKER” is bonafide work of JAYARAMAN G, THARUKESHWAR S,
VINETHRA M, who carried out the project work under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
DR.P.GNANASUNDARI,M.E.,Ph.D.,
MR.RAJKUMAR K K,M.E.,
Professor
Assistant Professor
Head of the
Supervisor
Department
Department of ECE,
Department of ECE
SNS College of Engineering,
SNS College of
Coimbatore-641107
Engineering, Coimbatore-
641107

Submitted for the project Viva Voce examination held on

Internal Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express sincere thanks to our management for providing us the

facilities to carry out this project work.

I’m greatly indebted to our Director Dr.V.P.Arunachalam, Ph.D and our

Principal Dr.S.Charles, Ph.D for his continuous evaluation and critical
suggestion given to complete theproject work successfully.

I’m highly grateful to Dr.P.Gnanasundari, M.E., Ph.D., Head of the Department

of Electronicsand Communication Engineering for her valuable suggestions and
monitoring during the course of our project work.

I’m highly grateful to our Project Guide Mr.RAJKUMAR K K, M.E., Assistant

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for her
valuable suggestions the course of our project work.

I express my heartfelt and deep sense of gratitude to our Mini Project Co-
cordinator Mrs.SANGEETHA K, M.E, Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering.

By this, I express my heartfelt sense of gratitude and thanks to our beloved family
and friends who have all helped in collecting sources and materials needed for this
project and for their support during our course and project work.

(i)
 ABSTRACT

The project is designed to control a circuit breaker with help of a password only. A
keypad is connected to the project to enter the password. Fatal electrical accidents to
the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the lack of
communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the electric
substation staff. This proposed system provides a solution, which can ensure the safety
of the maintenance staff e.g. line man. The control to turn ON/OFF the line lies with
the line man only. This system has an arrangement such that a password is required to
operate the circuit breaker (ON/OFF).

Keyword: IoT Systems, Password, Circuit Breaker, Electrical Accidents, Password

Based Circuit Breaker

(ii)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER Page
No No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (i)

ABSTRACT (ii)

LIST OF FIGURES (iii)

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 INTERNET OF THINGS
1.2.1 IoT CONCEPT AND DEFITION
1.2.2 BENEFITS OF PASSWORD BASED
CIRCUIT BREAKER
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2

3 EXISTING SYSTEM 4

4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 5

5 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 6

5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

5.1.1 ARDUINO UNO

5.1.2 RELAY

5.1.3 4 X 4 MATRIX KEYPAD

5.1.4 LCD DISPLAY

5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

5.2.1 ARDUINO IDE

5.3 DIAGRAMS
5.3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5.4 PIN CONFIGURATIONS

5.4.1 ARDUINO UNO
5.4.2 RELAY
5.4.3 LCD DISPLAY
5.4.4 MATRIX KEYBOARD(4X4)

6 RESULTS&DISCUSSION 12

7 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 13

8 CONCLUSION AND FUTUREWORKS 13

REFERENCE 14
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Title Page

No
4.1 Flowchart 5

4.2 Bloack Diagram 5

5.1.1 Arduino UNO 6

5.1.2 Relay 7

5.1.3 LCD Display and Matrix Keyboard 8

5.1.4 Pin configuration of Arduino UNO 9

5.1.5 Pin configuration of Relay 9

5.2 Arduino IDE 10

5.3.1 Circuit Diagram 11

6.1 Final Result of the Project 12

(iii)
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
The main objective of this report is to propose an IoT based Password
Based Circuit Breaker which will enable the line man ON and OFF the power
through a password that is known by him only which will prevent the
miscommunication.

The structure of the report is as follows: Chapter 1 will cover overview of

IoT technology concept and definition, benefits of IoT based Password Based
Circuit Breaker Chapter 2, 3, 4 will cover the literature survey, existing system
and the proposed system .Chapter 5 will cover the hardware requirements
software equipment and diagrams explanations. Chapter 6 will cover the results
and discussion. Chapter 7 consists of conclusion and future scope. Chapter 8
will cover the references used for the project.
1.2 INTERNET OF THINGS
1.2.1 IOT CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
Internet of Things (IoT) is a structure in which objects, People are
provided with an exclusive identity and the ability to move data through a
network without requiring two directions between humans, namely source to
destination or human to computer interaction. Internet of Things is a Scientific
development that is very promising to optimize life based on smart sensors and
smart devices that work together through the internet network.

1.2.2 BENEFITS OF PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER

Password based circuit breaker is used by the line man to turn ON and
OFF the power through the lines using a password that can be entered in the
keypad. This will help the lineman to work without any miscommunication.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE
SURVEY

LITERATURE SURVEY 1:-

TITLE: Types of Circuit Breaker

AUTHORS: Hui Hwang Goh, Sy Yi Sim

TECHNIQUES USED: The types of circuit breaker that has been reviewed in
this paper are oil circuit breaker (OCB), air circuit breaker (ACB), sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker, and DC breaker which are
hybrid DC breaker and solid-state DC breaker.

LITERATURE SURVEY 2:-

TITLE: Circuit Breakers

AUTHORS : Khaled Alharbi, Ibrahim Habiballah

TECHNIQUES USED: Circuit breakers break the current during faults by

opening the contacts which were closed during the normal operation conditions, to
isolate the fault part of the power system. There are different types of Circuit breakers
that go under different classifications depend on different aspects shown in this paper.
LITERATURE SURVEY 3:-

TITLE: Electric Circuit Breaker

AUTHORS : E.B Wedmore, A.M.Cassie

TECHNIQUES USED: Highly inductive power circuits of 6600 volts

carrying more than 1000 amperes were successfully broken in oil, at gaps of from
one-fifth to one-eighth of an inch, in an experimental circuit breaker of novel
design.

LITERATURE SURVEY 4:-

TITLE: Study on DC Circuit Breaker

AUTHORS: Zheng Ganhao

TECHNIQUES USED: With rapid development of resistive technologies,

the usage of resistive or switch based electronic components that can be used as
current controlling device is discussed in this paper.

LITERATURE SURVEY 5:-

TITLE: Circuit Breaker An Industrial Product Development

AUTHORS: F. Pinnekamp

TECHNIQUES USED: The infrastructure that enables the safe distribution

of electrical power is extremely reliable, but the development of ever larger
networks and the introduction of new types of power generators are bringing
new operational challenges.
 CHAPTER 3

EXISTING SYSTEM

Currently the procedure of working of a lineman is that a person has to

turn off the power from the substation or the transformer and the lineman has
to work on the lines. There is a huge risk of miscommunication between the
two ends which will lead to huge accidents.

The main method is to turn OFF the power by some person and another
person should work on the lines. The line will be turned ON again by the
person after the work is completed.

There are also methods in which the total power from the substation is
turned OFF and the work is done. This has higher risk level than the first
method.
 CHAPTER 4

PROPOSED SYSTEM

This project will be a useful to the power line workers since the
miscommunications and other man power factors are reduced. Here, the
miscommunications are completely prevented since the password is used and that
is known only by the line worker.

This project will also reduce the man power that is being used to work on
the power lines.

This project mainly works with the Arduino, Relay and a Password keypad.
The Relay, Keypad and LCD is connected to the Arduino UNO. Arduino IDE has
been used to verify and dump the code into the UNO board.

Figure 4.1:Flowchart Figure 4.2:Block Diagram

 CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Arduino uno
 Relay
 LCD Display
 Matrix Keypad
 Arduino Connector wires

5.1.1 ARDUINO UNO (MICRO CONTROLLER)

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet).

It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a resetbutton.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. It can be directly

connected to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter
or battery to get started.

Figure 5.1.1: Arduino UNO

5.1.2 RELAY MODULE

Figure 5.1.2: Relay Module

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input

terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact
terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact
forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof.

5.1.3 LCD and MATRIX KEYPAD

Figure 5.1.3(a): Figure 5.1.3(b):

4x4 Matrix Keypad LCD
5.1.3 PIN CONFIGURATIONS

5.1.4.1 ARDUINO UNO

Figure 5.1.4:Pin configuration in Arduino

5.1.4.2 RELAY MODULE

Figure 5.1.5: Pin configuration of Relay

5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
5.2.1Arduino IDE

Figure 5.2.1: Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE(Integrated Development Environment) is the software for Arduino.

It is a text editor like a notepad with different features.

It is used for writing code, compiling the code to check if any errors are there and
uploading the code to the Arduino.
5.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 5.3.1: Circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram of the project done with Tinkercad software, which is a
graphical representation of the project’s circuit.
 CHAPTER 6
RESULTS&DISCUSSION
This project begins working from the signals from the microcontroller and is
passed to the Ultrasonic sensor and the buzzer.

These solutions still have many disadvantages for example,

Faster fans will keep things cooler, and that is a good thing. The downsides are as
follows:

More noise will occur after some usage

More dust in the case will sediment if not cleaned properly
Faster fan wear since the fan runs on pulsed voltages .

Figure 6.1: Final result of the project

 CHAPTER 7
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
This system will be placed after a transformer to control the power after it.

The device is compactly placed inside on the transformer inside any box.

The system can be checked for wear and tear on regular intervals.

The system is a moderate budget system which can be implemented very easily
in every places.
 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
An efficient power control device using ARDUINO mega board has been
developed. Output was checked by entering the password that triggerd the relay
ON and OFF accordingly. There is much future scope for this work. The design
circuit can be used in many practical applications, where the circuit can be
connected in such a way that the device can be connected even more possibly to
control the particular transformer.

FUTURE WORK:

The future scope of the existing system is that a module can be added which
will make the power control to be done on phone. So that the line man has no need
to reach to the transformer very often.
 REFERENCES

[1] Joseph Fridlander, Emmeline Park: Cornal University, Electrical

and Computer Engineering, 2011.

[2] Jahnavi.Y, Siva Priya.A “An IOT Appliance for Controlling Power
lines“, international journal on future Revolution in computer science
& communication Engineering volume:4 issue:4.2018.

[3] Joga Rao,”Relay A Power control device”, B. Tech Student EEE

Department, volume: 4 issue:

[4] Keeratiburt Kanchanasatian, “Power control devices”,IOP Conf.

Series: Materials Science and Engineering 325(2018).
[5] Subhankar Cottoraj,”Smart home Automation based on different
sensors and Arduino as the master controller”, international journal on
future Revolution in computer science & communication engineering
volume: 5 issue: 10. Oct 2015.

[6] Vaibhav Bhatia Gavish Bhatia,”CONTROL OF ELECTRIC

POWER”, international journal on future Revolution in computer science
& communication Engineering volume:811-No5, November 2013.

[7] T. B. Smith, “Electricity theft: a comparative analysis,” Elsevier

Journal Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 2067-2076, Dec. 2004.

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