Department of Education

Bacolod, Juban, Sorsogon

Olimpo A. Guarin Jr. National High School

EFFECTIVENESS OF (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM) LEAVES EXTRACT AS AN ORGANIC

FERTILIZER ON BRASSICA RAPA

Group 1

Marvin Lagasca

Jocel Jazareno

Rica Fronda

Michelle Diaz

Edgar Docot

Mark Roger Palles

Jerome Gutiera

Kyle Eco Joelyn

Espayos

To be submitted to:

Julie V. Retoma

Armand Guerrero
 Chapter 1

Background of The Study

Introduction

Toxic Substances accumulate within the vegetables and

causing on fed of humans and animals that have a negative effect

without giving a nutrients. Researches have stated that chemical

fertilizers put on soil don’t have obvious effects. It was stated

that pollution, deterioration of soil fertility and soil

degradation that occurs on soil heads to declination of the

balance of existing elements.

Reinstate soil carbon for increasing nutrients, one concern

in sustainable agriculture. It aims to reduce inputs from the

use of organic fertilizer which leads to an increase in yield.

Organic fertilizer helps us to maintain a good environment for

generations to pass by. Gliricidia sepium is a type of Gliricidia

Legiminous tree that can reduce Environmental risks associated

with chemical fertilizers and also minimizes the usage of

chemical fertilizers that are expensive and also environmental

unfriendly.

Recent studies have shown that Gliricidia Sepium can be used

as organic fertilizer for plants. According to Diouf (2018)

kakawate/ Gliricidia Sepium is a nitrogen-fixing tree that has

potential of restoring and maintaining soil fertility. It has

also phosphorus and potassium that is also ideal for growth

enhancers. As years passed by, people and other companies started

to use this kind of organic fertilizer used primarily

Gliricidia Sepium/ kakawate leaves for their crops. Even the

Department of Agriculture declares that Gliricidia Sepium can be

used as Bio-organic fertilizer for plants. (DOA, nd).

Many experiments were conducted in different countries in

order just to prove the effectiveness of Gliricidia Sepium as

organic fertilizer as extract in Fertilizing plants. Base on the

statement of Marilyn Sta. Catalina (DA Executive Director) that

Gliricidia Sepium are rich in nitrogen an important soil

nutrient, Hence, the discarded leaves can be applied to the field

as an organic fertilizer has encouraged the (Department of Soil

Science and Dr.Gina Pangsa of Farming systems and Soil Resources

Institute) to experiment to know the results of this kind of

theory.

Gliricidia Sepium has the potential to be a Bio-organic

fertilizer. It is also known that the growth rate of plants

(Experimental Plants used) was faster and the fruits were heavier

than the ordinary. According to Raboy (2015) that Gliricidia

Sepium can also be used as an organic fertilizer for plants.

 Hence, this is study aims to know the effectiveness of

Gliricidia Sepium as organic fertilizer. It aims to provide

alternative organic fertilizer that will help to grow and ensure

faster harvest of Brassica Rapa. This organic fertilizer helps

to improve soil structure. It can also be a sources of nutrient

to Brassica rapa. And, this study also aims to solve and address

the problem regarding the side effect of commonly used chemical

fertilizer by making an organic one.

According to (Bolo, et.al, 2018) fertilizer is a valuable

resource if handled responsibly but a source of serious challenges

and public health concerns if manage improperly. Risk associated

in fertilizer handling could be related to soil, water, and air

quality. It will discuss some of the measure to promote as well

as some of the measure to promote sustainable fertilizer

management.

Based on the article, fertilizer are used for proper and

healthy growth of plants. A fertilizer is a substance, be it

synthetic or organic, which is added to the soil in order to

increase the essential nutrients that boost the growth of plants

and vegetation of the soil. The problem is that humans tend to

use too much of fertilizer in the soil because they have to cater

to the global demand of food. Using too much of fertilizer in

the soil can alter the fertility of the soil by increasing the

acid level of the soil (www.environment.co.za).

Keywords: Gliricidia Sepium, Organic Fertilizer, Brassica Rapa,

leaves extract.

Hypothesis:

Ho: Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract are not an effective

alternative organic fertilizer in Brassica Rapa.

Ha: Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract are an effective alternative

organic fertilizer in Brassica Rapa.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Gliricidia

sepium as an organic fertilizer of Brassica Rapa. Especially it

fought to assume the specific questions:

1. What are the different concentrations of Gliricidia Sepium on

the prepared solutions of fertilizers?

2. What is the average growth of Brassica Rapa in the controlled

and experimental set up?

3. Is there significant difference between the average growth of

Brassica Rapa in the controlled and experimental set up?

4. What is the implication/s of the results of this study?

Scope and Delimitation

The Scope of this study is to determine the effect of

Gliricidia Sepium leaves on the germination and early growth of

Brassica Rapa. The study will conduct on Purok 5, Barangay

Bacolod, there are three (3) treatments namely GA (pure

Gliricidia sepium leaves extract),GB (Water and 50% gliricidia

sepium leaves extract), GC (water and ammonium sulfate). The

statistical designed post - test only control group research

design was three (3) replacements. The soil used as sandy loam

soil mixed. The fertilizers were applied before sowing and one

month after germination. The study will be focused on the

effectiveness of (Gliricidia Sempium) leaves extract as an

organic fertilizer on Brassica Rapa. Liquid to be extracted from

the leaves of Madre decacao (Gliricidia Sepium) serves as an

liquid fertilizer. This kind of fertilizer consider as an

organic. It will be applied to the pechay (Brassica Rapa).

Significant of the study

The students. They will be making organic fertilizer out

ofgliricidia sepium leaves extract that will be useful in growing

vegetables plants in their home.

The Farmers. Without fertilizers, nature struggles to replenish

the nutrients in the soil. When crops are harvested, important

nutrients are removed from the soil, because they follow the

crop and end up at the dinner table. If the soil is not

replenished with nutrients through fertilizing, crop yields will

become worse over time.

The Researchers. The study will benefit the researcher who

conducted this study be in terms of the study gives the

researcher a lot of knowledge on making the research. The outcome

of this research will also add up to the researchers experience

and would have or idea on how conduct a research next time.

Future researchers. Serve as their guide in making further

studies and provide related reading materials and additional

information for their own investigation.

Definition of terms

In order to have a deep understanding about this study, the

researcher defined key terms;

Gliricidia Sepium - Is a small, rapidly growing and thorn less

tree with bright pink flowers in the spring that appear to be

entirely out crossing. In this study G. sepium is use as an

organic fertilizer in an specific which is Brassica Rapa.

Organic fertilizer - Contain plants or animals based in materials

that are either a by product or end product of naturally

occurring processes, such as animal manure and composted organic

material. In this study organic fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer

made from G. sepium leaves extract.

Brassica Rapa - Cultivated plant having a big fleshly suitable

for eating white or yellow root. Any of numerous broadly

cultivated flora having fit for human consumption roots. In this

study Brassica Rapa is one we will put a treatment to test if

Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract is an effective organic

fertilizer.

Leaves Extract - Is the process in which the (Gliricidia sepium)

will become an organic fertilizer. In this study we will grind

the G. Sepium leaves and squeeze the extract of the leaves.

 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter represent to related literature, related

studies sysnthesis, gap of conceptual.

Related Literature

Gliricidia sepium definitely is one of the leguminous

particularly leaves that basically is native plant to Mexico and

fairly Central Americas and it literally was later introduced

to sort of other countries including Thailand in a pretty major

way. This tree can grow in a number of different climates and

soil types in a particularly big way. G. sepium mostly leaves

is a fast growing up after pruning, it possesses nitrogen-

fixing ability which essentially improve soil fertility and kind

of is being employed as intercrop in our plant in a sort of major

way. This plant actually is also referred to as “Mother of

cacao” because of its outstanding advantages in soil

improvement in a subtle way. In some previous studies, G. sepium

basically green manure actually was used as fertilizer to

increase nitrogen uptake pretty much more effectively in corn

than using corn definitely stubble (Abdul and Zaharah, 2010).

Moreover, G. sepium intercropping specifically was used to

specifically improve soil properties and corn kind of yield

in South Africa (Beedy et al., 2010). The definitely green

manure tree, as well as really other legumes and forage plants

may for all intents and purposes play a significant role in

agricultural management by enhancing the soil properties in

intercropping system (Duchene et al., 2011) in a big way.

Nitrogen particularly has been assumed as the generally key

determinant nutrient for maize grain yields in a really big way.

The economically very top of their line up nitrogen application

priceless for maize fields in this particularly of very central

Uganda for all intents and purposes is 50 kg N ha−1 as counted

by essentially means of Kaizzi et al, which is fairly

significant. This application fee generally was once used to

calculate the quantity of every sort of natural fertilizer to

for all intents and purposes be utilized in the field.

The farmers of Bangladesh hardly follow any scientific

methods to kind of produce organic fertilizers. According to

Razzak (2016) and Alam (2016), about 7 million tons of organic

fertilizers essentially are produced every year from pretty

animal wastes, household wastes,city wastes, crop wastes,l in a

subtle way. The farmers usually dispose the animals wastes mainly

dums in particularly open pit at their farmyard and literally

leave them at for all intents and purposes least threemonths

before they use for their crop fields, actually contrary to

popular belief. However, definitely many private companies

generally are now coming forward to produce organic fertilizers

commercially, which is fairly significant.

Gliricidia sepium kind of leaves under field conditions

have a potential as organic fertilizers used as sort of green

manure having a generally potential alternative to the commercial

N fertilizers for none legume crop production in a subtle way.

Thus it is important to actually understand the rate of Kakawate

leaves decomposition and its release of nutrients, contrary to

popular belief. According to Zaharah (2011) and Bah (2011) this

fertilizers it increased initially and then decreased in the

subsequent phase of decomposition in a kind of major way.

In all farms visited, effects showed that ingenious,

successful farmers utilized kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) on their

rice farming. These farmers make use of the kakawate leaves in

various ways: included into the soil during land preparation,

spread over as mulch and applied as spray on standing crops. The

latter was once a concoction of fermented leaves (popularly

regarded for local farmers as “Kakawate Plus”) sprayed on the

rice crop at most tillering to reproductive stages. This multi-

purpose tree is popularly recognized to many farmers due to the

fact of its excessive mineral composition that offers nutrients

to crops, and chemical compounds that help manage the bugs and
minimize populace of soil-borne pathogens. In a separate study a

long-term field experiment used to be conducted on a low-fertility

clay soil (Aquandic Epiaqualf) at International Rice Research

Institute-University of the Philippines Los Baños Experiment

Station, Laguna, Philippines. After 9 rice croppings kakawate

substantially extended rice grain yield providing wholesome flora

comparable to these plants with chemical fertilizers, and

supporting the things to do of really helpful soil

organisms.(Villegas,2010).

Review of related study

The tree can be a raw material for producing

botanoinsecticide. A study made by Raboy et al. (2015), used

kakawate as botano pesticides for corn intercropped with peanut

and eggplant. Their result showed crops treated with kakawate

leaf extracts had the highest total harvest. Meanwhile, Rabena

and

Rodillas (2014) discovered that this plant contains coumarin

which is an effective botanopesticide. It acts potently in

insects, termites and bed bugs.

 (J.Am.Soc.Mass Spectrom, 2022)This study showed through

phytochemical analysis that G. sepium leaves are composed of

polyphenols and tannins, concluding that the methanolic extract

had a higher amount of flavonoid content. Four compounds were

identified on the leaf surface, and their spatial distribution

was analyzed by MALDI MS using DHB as a matrix. Kaempferol,

isorhamnetin, and some fatty acids showed potential

applicability for cosmetical use. All the extracts presented

antioxidant activity or antimicrobial action and no

cytotoxicity. Therefore, extracts of G. sepium could be used as

raw materials in cosmetics.

Impact of Gliricidia sepium and Cassia spectabilis hedgerows

on weeds and insect pests of upland rric RH MacLean, JA

Litsinger, K Moody, AK Watson, EM Libetario Agriculture,

ecosystems & environment 94 (3), 275-288, 2013 Double hedgerows

of two leguminous multipurpose trees Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)

Walp. and Cassia spectabilis DC. were established in highly

eroded, low organic matter, acid uplands in northern Mindanao,

Philippines. Alleyways were grown with upland rice Oryza sativa

L. and fertilised with G. sepium green manure or C. spectabilis

mulch (or in combination) and assessed for weed and insect pest

suppression. Mulch reduced weed biomass which was mostly composed

of grasses on infertile soil. Green manure favoured broadleaf

weeds and increased weed biomass reducing the effect of mulching.

Greater weed suppression may be achieved. Improvement in soil

fertility increased the crops’ competitiveness against weeds by

concentrating it to crop furrows. Greater crop nutrition from

hedgerow biomass resulted in increases of rice seedling maggot

Atherigona oryzae Malloch and stem borer (mainly Sesamia inferens

(Walker)) damage and white grub (mainly Holotrichia mindanaoana

Brenske and Leucopholis irrorata (Chevrolat)) larval densities

over the control. Terrace formation reduced white grub densities

the first year. The trend reversed in the second year as shade

from the hedgerows and mulch probably favoured survival of white

grub larvae by reducing soil temperature and increasing soil

moisture. Despite higher insect pest densities, the moderate

tillering UPLRi5 tolerated weeds and insect pest damage to

produce higher yields in the biomass treatments than the control.

But hedgerows may increase the incidence of rice blast

Pyricularia oryzae Cav. by decreasing air movement. As purchased

fertilisers provide limited crop response on depleted soils,

alley cropping provides an economical means to overcome that

constraint in small-scale tropical agriculture.

Briones, 2014 data from FPA & company website Moreover, the

pretty exact or definitely appropriate amount of organic

fertilizer production and utilization literally was not

established since farmers often prepare their pretty own organic

fertilizers in a sort of big way. Some of the largest

manufacturers of organic fertilizer mostly include Victorias

Milling Company, Sagana 100 Philippines, Galactic resources

Development, Sun Chemicals and Dating bayan (FAO) in a subtle

way. 2.4 Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for

nutrient management Because inorganic fertilizer used in

generally intensive agriculture mostly is not sustainable and

utilization of organic fertilizer alone generally is not enough

in maintaining basically high yield, technological options for

the most part are needed according to Rola, (2014), or so they

definitely thought. Hence, farmers often apply organic and

inorganic fertilizer in combined (Law-Ogbomo, Remison, & Jombo,

2011). Integrated nutrient management or the combined use of

organic and inorganic fertilizer specifically has been proven to

kind of be a sound soil fertility management strategy

(Lombion A PLANT DESIGN ON THE PRODUCTION OF INTEGRATED ORGANIC

AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER.

Agroforestry systems have been shown to result in higher

yields within maize-based systems. However, other studies

reported lower crop yield within agroforestry systems compared

to unshaded systems, especially within coffee and cocoa

agroforestry systems, (2018) showed that coffee yields from the

agroforestry systems using a Gliricidia sepium in were lower than

the yields from unshaded coffee, which was mainly attributable

to the low use of agrochemicals and fertilizers within the

agroforestry systems, competition for nutrients, as well as low

density of coffee trees within the agroforestry system. On the

other hand, other direct benefits attributable to agroforestry

systems include timber, wood fuel, honey, charcoal, wild fruits,

medicine, among others,Africa and globally (e.g., Namirembe et

al., 2015).

Synthesis of the state of the art

According to (Abdul and Zahara, 2016) and ( Needy et al, 2010)

they are both using a gliricidia sepium as organic fertilizers

effective basically in corn in a kinds of yield in South Africa.

In order hand, Raboy et al, (2010) and meanwhile, Rabeca and

Rodillas (2010) used kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) as botano

pesticides in peanut and egg plant. The result was effective in

botano pesticides and other insects like termites and bedbugs

etc.

Briones (2014), limbo, law-ogbomo and Remison, (2011) also

stated some organic fertilizers and to combined a inorganic

fertilizers, they integrated use of organic and inorganic

fertilizers for nutrient management. According to Rola (2014) in

agriculture mostly not sustainable and utilization fertilizer

while the organic fertilizer is not enough in maintaining in

high yield.

Gap Bridge by the Study

The study of (Abdul and Zahara, 2016) and (Beedy et Al., 2010)

both stated that G sepium basically green manure actually was

used as fertilizer in corn. (Abdul and Zahara,2016) studied

about the effectiveness of g. Sepium basically green manure as

an fertilizer in corn than using corn definitely stubble. While

( Beedy et al, 2010) studied about the g. Sepium that helps in

soil properties of corn yield in South Africa.

Among the above mentioned studies, none of them study or take

Brassica Rapa as the sample. They also use Gliricidia

Sepium on their study but did not test in Brassica rapa.

Their studies focuses on corn plants as the samples. There

are also no record or published study that is conducted in the

Sorsogon Philippines, Needy et.al. studies conducted in South

Africa. This study will be the first one to study about the

effectiveness of Gliricidia Sepium as an organic fertilizer using

Brassica rapa as a sample in the philippines. This study will

help other people to have an additional existing knowledge.

 Conceptual Framework

The Problem
Procedure Method
1. The different concentration Output
of Gliricidia Sepium on the

prepared solutions of fertilizer. This is study will use Quasi -

Experimental design in The last output of this

2. The average growth of
testing the growth of observation will be article in
Brassica Rapa in the controlled
Brassica Rapa. In gathering IMRAD format.
and experimental set up.
data, the study will used
3. Significant differences
observation and T-test for
between the average growth of
data analysis.
Brassica Rapa in the controlled

and experimental set up.

 Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

Research Design

This study used experimental research design in determining

the effectiveness of Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract an organic

fertilizers on Brassica Rapa. This study has control. Gliricidia

sempuim is the independent variable and the Brassica Rapa is

the dependent variable because the growth of this plant is depend

on the organic fertilizer that will apply.

Treatment

The application of Gliricidia Sepium Organic fertilizer

will continue to apply in Brassica Rapa. The treatment of this

study is (GA) pure Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract. (GB) is?

50% water and (GC) which is the controlled group will never

receive a treatment. The application will continue until it grow.

Observation

Observation will be perform 3× a week. The observation will

include counting the leaves, the width of leaves and the height

of Brassica Rapa.
Sample

The study include Brassica Rapa as a research samplewith the

age of one week. The sampling technique used in this study is

simple random sampling technique. We will devide the samples

into subgroup which is plot A, plot B, and plot C, Sepium leaves

extract (GA) will receive pure G. Sepium extract (GB) will

receive (50%) water and (50%)of G. Sepium extract (GC) is the

controlled group which will not receive organic fertilizer to

see the differences on their growth.

Instrument

The study will utilize Gliricidia Sepium Leaves extract by

using cup, camera and tables or chart to list all the accurate

data for observation. The researcher will grind the G. Sepium

into small pieces and squeeze the leaves to get the extract.

Data Gathering Procedure

In Gathering Data, the study use camera to take photos of

Brassica Rapa for observation and to make sure to list all the

accurate data. The study will also use observation to take note

and record changes and growth of Brassica Rapa. In preparing

Gliricidia Sepium fertilizer, the researcher will used hard

process. We will grind the leaves of the G. Sepium into small

pieces to make it easy to squeeze and get the extract of G.

Sepium to form a liquid fertilizer.

Observation will be perform three times a week. The

observation will include counting the leaves, the width of the

leaves and the height of Brassica Rapa. The application of

Gliricidia Sepium organic fertilizer will continue to apply on

Brassica Rapa.

Data Analysis Procedure

In order to analyze the data, the study will use T-test for

dependent sample. T-test conducted when samples from two groups,

species, or population are studied and compared. It is also known

as an independent T-test for example, if the researcher want to

compare the growth of the two plants in a deffirent two different

plots, the researcher would use the independent two samples test.

The plot A has a rapid growth compare to the other two plots

because plot A receive a pure

Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract while Plot B receive (50)% of

Gliricidia Sepium leaves extract and (50)% of water and Plot

did not receive any treatment that why Plot A grow rapidly while

the other are not.

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