SEPTEMBER, 1960

ELECTRO N 'Cs WORL D

50 CENTS

THE CITIZENS BAND & ITS USES

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN ELECTRONICS

FM AUTO RADIO PROBLEMS

WHAT MICROPHONE WOULD YOU USE?

(See Page 35)

MV7 CN 1NIOd Abh3H3

VIS h1V d: 3 N1> YiY
`.

MV/i CV q-0 S:1 NQ AY

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Iy,71.7:2CSM
www.americanradiohistory.com
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the SYLVANIA "Bakery "?
"Bakery"? An "Oven "? Yes, but not for bread. For free of undesired strains. It extends picture tube life
Silver Screen 85 Picture Tubes! Giant ovens (Lehrs)- by ridding the bulb of contaminants that could later
each about one -third the length of a football field - cause inter-element leakage, gassing and loss of emis-
"bake in" the big differences that make Sylvania Silver sion. The manufacturer who employs expensive equip-
Screen 85 the finest replacement TV picture tube... ment such as this can assure you of a consistently top -
second to none! quality product.
So, when you recommend a replacement picture tube,
The giant ovens heat -treat the glass and bake the
recommend the finest ... a Sylvania Silver Screen 85.
phosphor screen and other internal coatings. Impor-
It gives your customers what they want :
tant, too -this process removes residual volatile mate-
better pictures for a longer time. Gives you
rials such as lacquer and water used in applying the
what you need: profitable TV service calls.
phosphor screen.
This treatment must be done slowly, under careful con- Electronic Tubes Division,
trols and is very essential to the proper processing of Sylvania Electric Products Inc.,
the bulb. This process also assures "stronger" glass, 1740 Broadway, New York 19, N. Y.

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ELECTRONICS WORLD la m,Ali.h,.,l monthly by

1-cinvs glaDavl Publisng Company. William B. Ziff chairman of the Board (1940- 1n:'
r. SUBSCRIPTION RAT'B,: n year U.S.. and p ewwinnn, and Canada S n.nu; Pan American Union t'.,,,,
class postage at Chicago. Illinai Authorised by Pet timm, Department. Ottawa, C:,,:. la.
September. 1960
.

1
 SEPTEMBER, 1960

ELECTRONICS WORLD VOL. 64 NO. 3

Editor
WM. A. STOCKLIN, S.
3irlt in tallio -te[evilion - audio - electronic!

Technical Editor
MILTON S. SNITZER, W20r1 CONTENTS
Service Edito, GENERAL ELECTRONICS AND INDUSTRIAL
SIDNEY C. SILVER A Friend & Associate (Editorial) W. A. Stocklin 6
Spot News Washington Correspondent 23
Associate Editor The Laser -A
Light Amplifier 39
P. B. HOEFER Recent Developments in Electronics 40
Electronic pH Measurement Tom Jaski 44
Editorial Consultant Making Your Career in Electronics Norman Eisenberg 47
OLIVER READ, D. Sc., WWI Teleprinter Sets Speed Record Jordan Mc Quay 51

Radio Aids to Aircraft Navigation (Part 3) Francis A. Gicca 57

ndurtrial Consonant Name -the -Scientist Puzzle John A. Comstock 103
WALTER H. BUCHSBAUM Tubes and Semiconductors -A
Forecast of Sales Louis Martin 114
Calendar of Events 140
Art Editor
MILTON BERWIN
HIGH FIDELITY AND AUDIO
How to Choose the Proper Microphone George Riley 35
Art and Drafting Dept.
Cover Story 38
J. A. GOLANEK
K. W. PAUL, JR. A New Approach to Loudness Compensation.. Herman Burstein b Henry C. Pollak 42
Home -Built Acoustic- Suspension -Type Speaker System W. F. Hughes 62
Adv. rGsing Directo, Hi -Fi -Audio Product Review 72
JOHN A. RONAN, JR. New Audio Test Report (Scott Model 314, Audax CA -60, Homewood
108
Model 2) EW Lab Tested
Bert Whyte 120
Advertising Manager Certified Record Revue
Bert Whyte 122
GEORGE E. MORRISSEY Sound on Tape

Midwest Adv. Manager

GILBERT J. JORGENSON
TELEVISION -RADIO
52
Don't Underrate Transistors James R. Spencer
64
Wofern Adv. Manager FM Reception on Wheels
Jim Kyle 66
ADRIAN WHITED Cascode Circuits: How and Why
John T. Frye 70
Mac's Service Shop
Frank De Bra 82
A Vibrator "Washer"
106
Service Industry News
127
K. C. Licensing Killed
British TV Changes Looming Patrick Halliday 133

TEST EQUIPMENT
Frank Hodrick 68
ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
TV Remote -Control Aligner- Tester
86
William Ziff, President; W. Bradford New Tube Tester Data
Briggs, Executive Vice -Presidnt;
Michael Michaelson, Vice -President and
Circulation Director; Hershel B. Serbin,
Vice -Presidnt; J. L. O'Donnll,
COMMUNICATIONS
54
Treasurer. The Citizens Band & Its Uses 55
A National Travel Service Frequency for Citizens Banders
J H. Thomas 61
Citizens -Band Converter
Editorial and Executiv Offices
CB Call Letters Not to be Assigned by Suppliers 92
One Park Avenue
New York I6, N. Y. OR. 9 -7200
ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION
Mobile Transistor Power Supply Donald C. Chayet 96
MEMBER
INSTITUTE Or

a
IA Ay
DEPARTMENTS
Manufacturers' Literature 124
(\ABC1e

rt- Letters from Our Readers 10

e t,taT c
Within the Industry 30 Technical Books
Member What's New in Radio 136
Audit Bureau of V5
Circulations
Circulation (Jan.-June) 251,750 (Publisher's Estimate)
BRANCH OFFICES: Midwestern Office, Radio k
TV News Radio News Television News Trademarks Reg. U. S. Pat. On.
rights r
434 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago 5, III.; Copyright C seep by Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. Ali Department
Western Office, 9025 Wilshire Blvd., should be addressed to Circulation
Beverly Hills, Calif., James R.
manager.
Pierce, SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE: Forma 3579 and
34 booth Weba.lt Avenue. Chicago 5.
all subscription correspondence
Illinois. Please

to retain
apow
copy
St least
an
four
:
weeks for
Chan e
of their manuscripts and illustration
feaddress.
Include your old
Contributions shouldwith
ContributionsIswill be handd
be
FOREIGN ADVERTISING REPRESENTA- CONTRISUITIONSI Contributorswelle advised and must be panted by return postage. subject whatever
mailed to the New York Editorial Office no responsibility for theirthis safety. Any copy te all authors.
TIVES: D. A. Goodall Ltd., London; reasonable care, but this magazine assumesmeet the at paeroprema. Payment e
,ales
,
Albert Milhodo & Co., Antwerp and a..or's. and ravinions are necessary to
tribuwr's, and contestant's right.,
the and
and interest in and to the material as a cptco and w
Dart of the nlul
I made ,r e
i^ .r a. agi.
Dusseldorf. upon aeeepWS.w. All onoro: tata aawmes will be considered .

ELECTRONICS WORLD
2

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Men 11.55 READ THESE AMAZING
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CHICAGO 41, ILLINOIS 2060 170 Lawrence Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario

September, 1960
3
 75 OHM "QUICK- DISCONNECT"
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CONNECTION

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TONGUE
SOLDERLESS Strip the cable
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ELECTRONICS WORLD
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September. 1960
i
 RECORDS SOUND BEST
with

By W. A. STOCKLIN
11' Bó Editor

STEREODYNES
Choose either the Stereodyne II
(mounts in all standard arms) or
the slim, trim TA -12 arm -cartridge
A Friend & Associate
combination for the most natural
sound from both stereo and mono
recordings. T is with deepest emotion that we the Armed Forces, during the Sec-
I announce that Dr. Oliver Read, ond World War will remember our
Publisher of ELECTRONICS WORLD, famous U. S. Army Signal Corps
has retired from the Ziff -Davis issue in 1944 as a milestone in the
Publishing Company. He was the field of publishing.
guiding light for this publication We know that we will never for-
TA-12
$49.95 net for the last 22 years and, more get his reports of the Bikini A-
recently, he was both Editor and Bomb test in 1946. This was the
Publisher of our sister publica- fourth atomic explosion, and 011ie
tion, POPULAR ELECTRONICS, as was one of those privileged to at-
well as being Publisher of HIFI/ tend and witness this history -
STEREO REVIEW. making event.
Although we are all sorry to see Amateur radio is another field
011ie leave us, hisretirement will in which he obtained recognition.
give him more time to devote to Many present -day hams will re-
writing and to electronics product member 011ie's call, W9ETI, from
engineering and development, Chicago and, more recently,
especially in the W1ETI, from Con-
marine electronics necticut. In addi-
field. It will also tion, he was trustee
give him some time for WA2GNH, POP-
to enjoy his many ULAR ELECTRONICS'
hobbies. He will not Amateur Radio Sta-
be lost to us com- tion, which is lo-
pletely though, cated right in our
since he will con- New York office.
tinue to serve as There are those
DESIGNED TO THE HIGHEST advisor to the Ziff - who will remember
DYNACO STANDARDS Davis Electronics him for his books.
* unequalled performance Division. He was author of
* outstanding engineering Many old- timers, "The Recording and
* unsurpassed value
who are still readers Reproduction of
Of ELECTRONICS Sound" and, more
Rigorous laboratory testing of WORLD, will remem- recently, co- author
every unit assures that your ber him prior to his Dr. Oliver Read of "From Tin Foil
days with Ziff-Davis to Stereo- Evolu-
cartridge will exceed every when he was working at Utah tion of the Phonograph." Both of
specification. Radio developing a completely these books represented fields in
Smoothest response ±2 db from 30 cps new line of amateur -radio kits, which he was greatly interested
to 15 KC. With ,tandord Westre. lA
test disc. and writing many articles for this in the last few years. Many have
True stereo. More than 22 db channel
publication. He started as Tech- seen and enjoyed his collection of
separation effectively maintained through- nical Editor of RADIO NEWS (one old -time phonographs, which he
out the audio spectrum, with accurate
balance and proper phase relationship. of our former names) in Novem- restored as a labor of love.
aching: highest compliance,
ber, 1938, and then progressed Those of us who are close to
Superior
low plus selusive symmetrical rapidly to be named Managing him will always remember his
push-pull d for' minimum record wear
resign

Editor in October, 1941, Editor in kindness, gentleness, and consid-

and lowest distortion
rrrdom 'rom
October, 1945, and then Publisher eration. There is no doubt that we
Complete hum.
in July, 1956. will all miss him since we will not
Hear and -ompare if at your When he first started with this see him each day as we have for
avorite dealer's showroom. publication, with its staff of only many years, but we do know that
W-ile 'or .omple'e snec:ócations two other people, it was far from his future activities will be less
being a profitable enterprise. But hectic than publishing inevitably
DYNACO, INC. by 1944, conditions had changed must be. We are sure that we can
3912 Powelton Ave. Phila. 4, Po. and we found ourselves the lead- speak for his many friends in
CABLE ADDRESS DYNACO, PHILA ing publication in our field. Many wishing him good luck in every-
of our readers, both in and out of thing that he will be doing. -3A-
6 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
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444 -PAGE ELECTRONICS CATALOG
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September, 1960
7
"BEST OF ALL CONTACT SPRAYS"
AS REPORTED BY INDEPENDENT PRODUCT- TESTING LABORATORY

Shield A B C D E f G H I

Lubrication After Rubbing Very Very

Fair Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Good Poor Fair
For 90 Sec. GOOD

Cleaning After Rubbing

*Not tested fur
Good Good Good Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor titer following
For 90 Sec. GOOD c ub -sto ,(Lod per-
Very Very
formance in 30-
Protection After 30 Sec. second exposure
Exposure to H2S Gas GOOD Fair Fair Good Good Fair Poor Good Poor Good test.

Protection After 2 Hours

Exposure to HAS Gas BEST -' -
2nd
Best
5th
Best -` - 3rd
Best -' 4th
Best
Presence of sol-
vents and ,lilori.
noted G;,rlrocar
bons.

-
Boils at

-
Slight
Flash
Characteristics
None at
200°F. - Greatest
tendency
70'r.
Tendency
to ignite - Tendency
to ignite
tendency
to ignite

Attack On
Plastic Material NO - - Yes" Yes" -' -` Yes" -' Yes"

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 ASSIGNMENT, HIT A TARGET 6000 MILES AWAY

Can you guide a 110 -ton Air Force Titan missile System keeps its master control equipment on the
far up into the sky, to bring its nuclear warhead ground where it can be used over and over again.
down with pinpoint accuracy on a target one - Thus a minimum of equipment is carried in the
fourth the way around the globe -a target you not missile, and the ground station has full control
only can't see but which continually of the missile during its guided
moves with the spinning earth? flight. Techniques drawn from the
This was the problem in missile communications art render the sys-
guidance the Air Force presented tem immune to radio jamming.
to Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Laboratories scientists and
its manufacturing partner, West- engineers designed the trans-
ern Electric. The answer was the mission and switching systems for
development of a command guid- the world's most versatile telephone
ance system which steers the Titan network, developed much of our
with high accuracy. nation's radar, and pioneered in
Unlike self- contained systems missile systems. From their vast
which demand complex guidance storehouse of knowledge and ex-
equipment in the missile itself, Bell perience comes the guidance system
Laboratories' Command Guidance for the Titan.

BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES

WORLD CENTER OF COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

September, 1960
9
 PERFORMANCE

THAT SPEAKS from our Readers

FOR ITSELF AUSTRALIAN TELEVISION I would like to point out that even
To the Editors: though two amplifiers do not have the
Since you left us out of your "Spot same steady -state power ratings, the
News" (May, 1960 issue) under "Big results when playing music will be the
Gains in Overseas TV," you might be same for both amplifiers, if all other
good enough to publish this letter. factors are equal and each amplifier
Australia is, in area, almost the same has the same music -power rating. This
size as the United States, but in popu- is because the waveform of music has
lation we are only about 10,000,000 a high peak -to-average value, and the
strong. Our first TV station, TCN biases and voltages do not shift nearly
Channel 9, opened in Sydney late in as much as with a high amplitude
1956, and we now have 16 stations op- steady-state sine -wave signal.
erating with many more to open soon. Why has this music -power rating be-
Precision CraftrJ But the important matter relative to come popular ? Certainly, it often gives
your article is that we have almost one a higher rating than the steady -state
CITIZENS BAND RADIOS million licensed TV receivers now op- rating, but that is not the fundamental
erating, practically all of them manu- reason. The fundamental reason is
by PEARCE- SIMPSON, INC. factured in this country in the short that it gives a more realistic rating so
A Leader In Creative Electronics space of about 31 years. that the customer can tell from the
We have commercial stations as in rating how his amplifier is going to
Powerful two -way radio for per- the U. S., and we view your popular reproduce music. I am sure you will
sonal or business use created by programs through them. In addition, realize there are many important
Pearce - Simpson, Inc., makers of government -owned stations operate too, characteristics in an amplifier aside
"The World's Finest Marine Ra- and every viewer must buy an annual from power output and frequency re-
dios". Available are single and license costing $12.00 for which he may sponse. To name a few, there are
multi channel sets. Shown above own any number of TV sets. Two-set ability to recover quickly from over-
homes are already common and, in ad- load, clean clipping, freedom from
is the CBD -5, a powerful, precision
dition, quite a number of motor cruis- parasitic oscillation and instability
crafted five channel set with low during overload, stability regardless of
ers, caravans, and the like are fitted
current drain (3.2 amps at 12 volts with TV receivers in addition to mul- load conditions, heating, etc.
standby).This set available in both tiple installations in motels, hotels, etc. The same factors which determine
dual 12 volts DC,115 AC, or 6 volt Human nature being what it is the the power output, namely the various
only. Full 5 watts input. world over, there are probably a num- voltages and impedances with which
ber of "freeriders" (or is it "freeload- the output tubes are associated, and
Sets are compact, easily movable,
ers" you call them). Consequently, the also the feedback circuits and net-
complete with crystals for one over-all total of TV sets is well in ex- works, influence all of these other
channel, microphone, both power cess of the known license figures. characteristics. In many amplifiers in
supply cables and universal Now, Sir, since you give honorable the past everything has been sacrificed
mounting bracket. mention to a country with a mere 100,- for maximum steady -state sine -wave
000 sets, I think a bleat from down output power, a condition never en-
CBD -1: Single channel set $159.50 under is justified in view of the rapid countered in reproducing music. Many
CBD -5: Five channel set development of TV in Australia, which such amplifiers have been unstable,
(6 volt or 12 volt) $110.00 pro rata, per capita. or what have you, have distorted horribly when over-
might be a world record. loaded even slightly, etc.
Dealer Inquiries Invited Director We have been building high -fidelity
W. M. FERRIS,
A limited number of dealerships Channel Master Pty, Ltd. amplifiers for many years -in fact, to
are available. Dealers efforts Brookvale, N.S.W. the best of my knowledge, our 210 -A,
are backed by strong national Australia first announced in 1946, was the first
advertising in consumer We know our readers are always in- one. We are fully convinced that music
publications such as Wall St. terested to learn about the status of power is the proper way to rate an am-
Journal, Business Week, etc., as TV overseas. Incidentally, no offense plifier for reproducing music. In order
well as leading electronic was meant in leaving out Australia to give the customer the best reproduc-
from the countries listed. Editors. tion for his music, the amplifier should
magazines. Write for details.
be designed for maximum music -power
Send today for floc hr -h;; -e
MUSIC-POWER RATING output. Steady-state sine -wave output
To the Editors: is of secondary importance in the re-
Pearce-Simpson, Inc. I have recently read your editorial production of music. The leading ad-
2295 N,W. 14th St.,
in the June issue on music -power vantage of steady -state sine -wave
Miami 35, Florida
ratings. There were a number of points measurements is that they are about
Please send me your brochure on the
CBD line. raised which I think misled rather than the easiest of all measurements to
clarified readers on the various ampli- make.
Name
fier power ratings. First, I would like H. H. Scow
Address
to point out that the music -power H. H. Scott, Inc.
City State ratings were included in the IHFM Maynard, Massachusetts
standards before they were adopted by
PEARCE- SIMPSON. l \( the EM. Mr. Scott has been for many years
A Electronics
Leader in Creative Concerning the value of music -power one of the leading proponents of the
2295 N.W.14th ST., MIAMI 35, FLA. versus steady -state sine -wave ratings, type of power measurement embodied
ELECTRONICS WORLD
10

www.americanradiohistory.com
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°
RADIO TELEVISION TRAINING SCHOOL, Dept EW -90
RADIO- TELEVISION 815 E. Rosecrans Ave. Los Angeles 59, Calif.
Rush me full information by return mail. (Please Print)
TRAINING SCHOOL
615 E. ROSECRANS AVENUE NAME AGE
_OS ANGELES 59, CALIFORNIA
STREET
L 1010 Est. 1922
7c
CITY ZONE STATE

September. 1960
11
 A PLEASURE TO in the music -power concept. We are
glad to give him the opportunity to ex-
press some of his views on this import-
ant subject about which there is still
BU Vat your franchised Thorens dealer's much difference of opinion.
For an article that discusses many of
these points, we suggest that our read-
-
A PLEASURE TO ers watch for "Music -Power Rating
Help or Hindrance?" scheduled for
next month's issue.- Editors.

OWN... crafts-
more features, more FLASHLIGHT-CELL VOLTAGES
To the Editors:
I wonder if it is possible to use or-
manship, more superb music -making quality dinary D -size flashlight cells for meter-
for monaural or stereo calibration purposes? Just what volt-
ages do these cells produce under con-
.i211111111111,
ditions of very light loading, such as

A PLEASURE TO
would occur when measurements are
made with a v.t.v.m. or sensitive
v.o.m. ?

RECOMMEND to friend
MARC SAUL
Floral Park, New York

or favored customer, with the confidence - About the freshest D -size flashlight
cells that are available, whose age is
inspiring Thorens 1 -year guarantee not over six months, should have open -
circuit voltages averaging 1.57 volts.
After about a year's storage, this volt-
age falls to about 1.56 volts. At ages of
around 11/2 to 3 years, the open -circuit
THE THORENS TD -124 TRANSCRIPTION TURNTABLE voltage should be 1.55 volts. These
voltages are for well -sealed, leakproof -
More rotating pounds than any comparable 12" turntable! type cells that have been stored and
More features per pound! Look at them: measured at 70 °F.
You might also try using a mercury
4 speeds ...
162/3, 331/3, 45, 78 Easy arm installation or change no ... cell for calibration purposes. For ex-
111/2 pound table for smooth running
metal drilling, no unsightly holes after ample, a new Mallory RM -1 cell has an
arm change initial voltage of close to 1.358 volts.
Exclusive double -table with clutch for This value drops to 1.352 volts after a
fast starts Built -in precision circular level year's storage at 70 °F.
Precision, hairline adjustment for all Large, knurled, leveling screws Still another suggestion is to meas-
speeds Motor operates on 50/60 cps, any ure the open -circuit voltage of a fully
voltage from 100 to 250. 0.1 charged lead -acid storage battery. This
Built -in illuminated strobe should measure 2.12 volts exactly. If
the battery is partly discharged so that
... and many more. See the TD -124 at your franchised Thorens dealer's today. its specific gravity is around 1240, then
an open- circuit voltage of 2.08 volts
should be measured. -Editors.
MEASURING TAPE SPEED
To the Editors:
Mr. Burstein's article "Measuring
Tape Speed," page 39 in the June,
1960 issue, did a very thorough job of
discussing this parameter and promot-
ing devices for its measurement.
Of what practical value is such an
article. There is absolutely nothing that
the average tape recorder enthusiast
can do to correct long term, cumula-
tive time errors. Even the factory can
seldom help him.
Flutter and wow are of far greater
importance to the user, and the devices
described will do nothing at all to pin-
point these problems.
You have a splendid publication and
TD-124 Mr. Burstein is a very able man. How-
S99.75 net ever, please don't waste your space on
(Base only $9.00) such non -constructive material.
Guaranteed for one full year. J. H. MCCONNELL
Murray Hill, New Jersey
Sold only through carefully selected franchised dealers.
We cannot quite agree with Reader

12
.,.° HOR5
EN
SWISS MADE PRODUCTS
HI -FI COMPONENTS
SPRING -POWERED
MUSIC BOXES
NEW HYDE PARK, NEW YORK
LIGHTERS
SHAVERS
McConnell here. We believe the very
first step in correcting an error or try-
ing to get someone to do something
about that correction is to know that
ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 z
Through
HOME STUDY ELECTRONICS
or in
RESIDENT CLASSES -field of opportunity-
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Electronics Course prepares you interesting and profitable careers in
for your first class commercial 11 RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING TWO -WAY RADIO COM-
MUNICATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT RELAY

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STATION MAINTENANCE AUTOMATION ELECTRONICS
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The Grantham home study course teaches you prin- ffi and many other
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Each new principle is explained first in everyday lan- bd
guage and then, after you understand it, is associated
To get ahead in electronics, you must have the proper
with the proper technical language. You learn and re- training and your employer must know that you have that
member more, because the emphasis is on understanding training. Your F. C. C. license is a "diploma" in communi-
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it is recognized as such by employers. Grantham School of
This correspondence course is directed toward two Electronics specializes in preparing you to earn this
major objectives -(1) to teach you a great deal about diploma.
electronics, and (2) to prepare you to pass all of the
HERE'S PROOF... that Grantham students prepare for
F. C. C. examinations required for a first class commer- F. C. C. examinations in a minimum of time. Here is a list
cial operator's license. We teach you step by step and i of a few of our recent graduates, the class of license they
have you practice with FCC -type tests which you send
to the School for grading and comment. You prepare for
i got, and how long it took them:
License Weeks
M Edgar T. Phelps, 931 Hickory Street, Poplar Bluff, Mo. 1st 12
your F. C. C. examinations under the watchful direction Wayne Hogg, 4830 San Fernando Rd., Glendale. Calif. 1st 20
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your F. C. C. license and how that license can help you
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home office of Grantham School of Electronics in Holly- in the coupon below whether you prefer home study
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To GRANTHAM SCHOOL Or ELECTRONICS
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F. C. C. license preparation are offered at all locations. New day classes
begin Gentlemen:
every three months, and new evening classes begin four times a year. The day
classes meet 5 days a week and prepare you for a first class F. C.C. license in Please send me your free booklet telling how I can gel my com-
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1505 N. Western Ave., Hollywood 27, Calif. om interested in Home Study
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Hollywood classes Seattle classes Washington Glosses
MAIL COUPON FOR FREE DETAILS -NO SALESMAN WILL CALL L
urvP

September, 1960 13
 it exists. Our article attempted to
show simple means of determining
whether or not speed errors do occur
in tape measurements and what their
extent is.
We would like to point out that al-
though most of our material is "prac-
tical" an occasional "think piece" or
theory article is useful.-Editors.

FM BOOSTER
To the Editors:
I live in the fringe area of an FM
station which I would like to receive,
so the article on a simple FM booster
in your April, 1960 issue caught my
attention.
Since I am interested in boosting the
signal of one particular station, is it
reasonable to attempt a modification
of the design to obtain higher gain
with narrower bandwidth? If, for ex-
ample, the gain could be increased
from 20 db to 26 or 27 db, this would
give me a voltage gain of 20 instead
of 10, which might make full limiting
possible.
I am a little uncertain about the
actual dimensions of the li -inch coil
form to be used in winding the input
and output coils. At first I assumed
that this meant 1,z inch in diameter,
but if the inductance is to be .3 micro -
henry for 41íz turns in one inch, the
1/z inch must refer to the radius of the
coil form. I may have miscalculated,
and would very much appreciate get-
ting this definitely settled, since I
... and a would like to try building the booster.
FRANK EVANS
Bright Profit Outlook for YOU with Los Alamos, New Mexico
It is possible to increase gain by
narrowing bandwidth. However, there
always exists the problem of oscilla-
NEW HSA-43 tion, if this is carried to an extreme.
Since the amplifier is not neutralized
JE RRO LO in our circuit, we would not recom-
mend attempting to increase the gain
much further because of the fairly
good chance of causing the booster to
Amplified 3 SET COUPLER oscillate.
According to Author Gicca, Reader
Evans is correct about the dimensions
Here's a new precision - perfected TYPICAL APPLICATIONS of coils L, and L,. The inductance indi-
amplifier that provides 5 DB min. cated in the parts list will be obtained
gain across all TV -FM channels with 1/2-inch radius coil forms. Using
on two outputs and no loss in 2 -inch diameter forms, the inductance
actually amounts to .1 microhenry. For-
the third output. Housed in a tunately, the tuning capacitors C, and
rugged, compact and handsome 2 TV and 3 TV Sets C, are sufficient to resonate either in-
FM Set
case. The HSA -43 features 1
ductance into the FM booster so that
single tube operation (6DJ8), either coil size may be used. The au-
A.C. interlock and no-strip twin thor actually employed the 1/2-inch di-
ameter forms.
lead terminals. Its excellent In addition, some of our readers have
isolation and match prevents set - -_
been having problems with the two
interaction and ghosting. IDEAL One TV and One TV or radio -frequency chokes shown in our
FOR FEEDING ONE FM AND TWO TV
one FM Set one FM Set parts list. The National Company part
SETS FROM THE SAME ANTENNA.
number shown for RFC, is actually a
1- millihenry choke while the National
$29.95 list Write Jerrold today for full de-
tails on this new Profit Outlook!
Company part number shown for RFC,
is a 1.3- microhenry choke. Neither of
these two chokes is particularly criti-
ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, Distributor Sales Division cal, and the circuit should operate
JERRDLD Dept. IDS -64, Philadelphia 32, Pa. properly with chokes having either the
Jerrold Electronics (Canada) Limited. Toronto values shown in the parts list or those
Export Representative: CBS International, New York 22, N.Y. designated by the part numbers. -Edi-
LEADER AND LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF TV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT tors. 30-
ELECTRONICS WORLD
14

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 B AM)
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By Popular Electronics
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W90

September, 1960
15
 -`
TRPOSCAP CAPACITOR AfALYZER

NOW ...THE FdtrANALYZER DESIGNED EXCLUSIVELY

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SPRAGUE TCAEL TRANSCAP*

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CAPACITANCE BRIDGE: 1µµf to 2,000 µµf in five over- test leads.
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SAFETY DEVICES: Automatic discharge of capacitor after
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low- voltage ceramic, paper, mica, and film capacitors. For OPERATING PROCEDURES: Easy -to- follow operating pro-
ceramics rated below 25 volts, IR may he calculated from cedures clearly shown on pull -out slide at base of instrument.
leakage current measurements at exact rated voltage. Always handy for ready reference.
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POWER FACTOR: Measured by Wien Bridge from O to 50 %.
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LEAKAGE CURRENT: 0.6µa to 600µa in 7 ranges. Measured Weighs only 21 pounds.
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ELECTRONICS WORLD
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www.americanradiohistory.com
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Ten Special Training Kits
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You get practical experience with Thyratron Tube

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www.americanradiohistory.com
 termines which amateur operator can
establish the most radio contacts in a
given 40 hour period.
The receiver was delivered to W9IOP
only three hours before the contest
began. In spite of his lack of familiar-
ity with the receiver, W9IOP not only
won the contest, but logged a record-
breaking 1,369 contacts to establish a
new national Sweepstakes record.
Loading Plug

4.

HORN- LOADED
TWEETERS PROVIDE

CLARITY WITHOUT DISTORTION

Electro -Voice Tweeters are noted for
clarity and low distortion. But obtain-
dispersion problems encountered by ing that clarity was a critical problem
the U. S. Navy on flight decks of air- until E -V's development of the Avedon
craft carriers. Maximum dispersion Sonophase Throat Design.

FINE DYNAMIC
was achieved by designing a compact
-
horn which would provide optimum
diffraction of sound waves and re-
of response -
VHF tweeters handle the widest range
from 3500 to 20,000 cps.
E -V tweeters function as a true piston

YOU CAN DEPEND ON -

MICROPHONES

Always
"How stable ?" is the question asked
place the inefficient, bulky horns form-
erly used for this application.
Lower frequencies disperse easily.
High frequencies, because their wave
in the lower range, but at the critical
point (about 12 kc) sound must be
taken from the center of the diaphragm
and from the periphery at the same
time. Without some way to prevent it,
most often about a microphone. Once lengths are usually smaller than the
the type of installation is determined, radiator dimensions, are directional. In sound cancellation occurs because of
it is essential that frequency response the Compound Diffraction Projector, diaphragm deformation at and above
and directional sensitivity characteris- Electro-Voice has narrowed the hori- this critical frequency. This deforma-
tion causes phase shift to occur be-
-tics remain unaffected. This is stability
and should remain constant. It is
a clue to the wide acceptance and uni-
zontal dimension to less than the wave
length of the most important frequen-
cies to be reproduced and extended
tween the center and periphery of the
diaphragm. Increasingly higher fre-
quencies cause the phase shift to be
of dynamic microphones -
versal use of the Electro -Voice family
a family
comprising 35 different models, each
the vertical dimension to preserve the
area necessary for loading efficiency.
This results in wide lateral dispersion
more pronounced because of an ever in-
creasing deformation of the diaphragm.
The Avedon Sonophase Throat Design
designed for a specific application. and reduction of unneeded vertical
Highly developed precision tooling, ex- dispersion. accomplishes the vital restoration of
tensive research, and functional design Electro -Voice Compound Diffraction phase relationship and level by incor-
have created instruments of outstand- Projectors assure wide frequency range porating a compression driver with
ing ruggedness and durability. All in- without "dead spots ". This is achieved unique loading plugs which properly
ternal parts nest or interlock to pre- by acoustically loading both sides of phase upper frequencies while leaving
vent any movement of the reproducing the diaphragm with respective horns lower frequencies unaffected. The load-
mechanism even when the case is sub- for the high and low frequencies. Dif- ing plugs force the sound to travel a
jected to severe shock. In addition, the fraction Horns insure intelligibility circuitous path, producing in -phase
exclusive Acoustalloy diaphragm as- and excellent quality at all points sound regardless of the frequency of
sures smooth response and reliability within the area they cover. Thus, the the signal.
far surpassing ordinary demands. This inherent limitations of conventional Coupled to the Avedon Sonophase
vital moving element has no equal in reentrant or multi -cellular horns are Throat Design is the Hoodwin Diffrac-
withstanding high humidity tempera- overcome. tion Horn, designed to insure sound
ture extremes, corrosion and mechani- There are E -V Compound Diffraction dispersion throughout the listening
cal impact. Laboratory tests reveal Projectors designed specifically for area. This is especially important in
only two ways to damage Acoustalloy: hard -to- handle public address situa- stereo application to prevent the
heat the microphone so hot it can't be tions whatever they might be. Greater "beamed" or directional nature of most
handled, or actually puncture or tear audio range makes them the ideal PA high frequencies.
the diaphragm. Each microphone type speakers for music as well as speech
is field -tested prior to acceptance for (as much as 2% octaves wider re-
manufacture and, when in production, sponse). Because each speaker is capa-
every model is evaluated for exact fre- Want more information on any of
ble of delivering uniform spread at all the items mentioned in the Sound-
quency response, level and possible frequencies, intensity and intelligibil-
distortion, or mechanical imperfec- ity are assured without the expense of ing Board? Simply check the ap-
tions prior to shipment. Such care in adding speakers. propriate boxes below and mail the
manufacturing and testing assures coupon to Dept. 90N, Electro- Voice,
maximum reliability, all - important Inc., Buchanan, Michigar,
stability, and remarkable uniformity
within dynamic types. Microphones
NEW RME 6900
HAM Horn -loaded Tweeters
MORE C D P
RECEIVER
SOUND NAME
PASSES THE TOUGHEST TEST OF ALL
FROM ADDRESS
An interesting story lies behind the
FEWER recent performance testing of the first
SPEAKERS
RME 6900 Communications Receiver.
After final inspection of the first unit,
i
WITH ELECTRO -VOICE C D P one of the RME executives (W9IOP),
decided to use this new receiver in the
The Compound Diffraction Horn was 1960 Radio Amateur Sweepstakes.
created initially by Electro-Voice to This contest, sponsored each year by ELECTRO- VOICE, NC.
handle the extremely difficult sound the Amateur Radio Relay League, de- BUCHANAN, MICH.
September, 1960 19

www.americanradiohistory.com
 SUPERIOR'S NEW MODEL TW-11

*
STAN
PROF SDS ONAL TUBE TESTER
Tests all tubes, including 4, 5, 6, 7, Octal, NOISE TEST: Phono -jack on front panel for
Lock -in, Hearing Aid, Thyratron, Miniatures, Sub. plugging in either phones or external ampli-
miniatures, NovaIs, Subminars, Proximity fuse fier will detect microphonic tubes or noise
types, etc. due to faulty elements and loose internal
* Uses the new self- cleaning Lever Action connections.
Switches for individual element testing. Because
all elements are numbered according to pin -num-
ber in the RMA base numbering system, the user
EXTRAORDINARY FEATURE
can instantly identify which element is under test. SEPARATE SCALE FOR LOW- CURRENT TUBES:
Tubes having tapped filaments and tubes with
Previously, on emission -type tube testers, it
filaments terminating in more than one pin are
has been standard practice to use one scale
truly tested with the Model TW -11 as any of the
pins may be placed in the neutral position when for all tubes. As a result, the calibration for
necessary. low- current types has been restricted to a
* The Model TW -11 does not use any combina-
tion type sockets. Instead individual sockets are
small portion of the scale. The extra scale
used here greatly simplifies testing of low -
used for each type of tube. Thus it is impossible
current types.
Model TW -11 -TUBE TESTER . . . Total
Price $47.50- Terms: $11.50 after 10 day to damage a tube by inserting it in the wrong
trial, then $6.00 per month for 6 months
if satisfactory. Otherwise return, no ex- *
socket.
Free- moving built -in roll chart provides com-
The Model TW -I I operates on
105 -I30 Volt 611 Cycles A.C.
Comes housed In a handsome,
:47se
planation necessary! plete data for all tubes. All tube listings printed portable Saddle- Stitched Tea -
on Case. Only
in large easy -to -read type.

SUPERIOR'S
NEW MODEL 80

0,000HYOLiEAAILMEiEß
THE ONLY 20,000 OHMS PER VOLT V.O.M. SELLING FOR LESS
THAN $50 WHICH PROVIDES ALL THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:
ilt -,n Isolation Transformer automatically isolates the
6 INCH FULL -VIEW METER provides large Model BO from the power line when ca city service
d easy -to -read calibrations. No squinting or Selected, /ao zero temperature coefficient me ed ar nisirs
ult,pl,es to assure unchanging accurate readings
are used a
guessing when you use Model 80. on all ranges.

t MIRRORED SCALE permits fine accurate

measurements where fractional readings are
m por tan t.
7 D.C. VOLTAGE RANGES:
SPECIFICATIONS:
,AL a sensitivity of 20.000 ohms per Volt)
to 15 r 150/300, 750; 1500 7500 Volta.
e A.C. VOLTAGE RANGES:
RANGES permit you to accurately IA) a hens, Hy of 5,000 Ohms per Volt)
IJ CAPACITY
1

0 to 15í75/150/300/750 /1500 Volts.

measure all condensers from .00025 MFD to 3 RESISTANCE RANGES:
30 MFD in addition to the standard volt, cur- 0 to 2,000/200.000 Ohms. 0.20 Megohms.
rent, resistance and decibel ranges.
a CAPACITY RANGES:
.00025 Mfd. to .3 Mfd., .05 MM. to 30 Mfd.
s D.C.
0.75 Microamperes. Onto 7.5/75/750 Milliamperes. O to IE
HANDSOME SADDLE -STITCHED CARRYING Amperes.
J
Model 80 - ALLMETER ...Total Price CASE included with Model 80 Allmeter at
no extra charge enables you to use this fine
3 DECIBEL RANGES:
- o d0 to + le ,m 14 db to + 38 db
73 db st) + 58 db
$42.50- Terms: $12.50 after day triol,
10 instrument on outside calls as well as on the
then $6.00 monthly for 5 months if satis- bench in your shop. Model 80
Ae comes complete
lest 7 50
with operating instructions,
r comes
factory. Otherwise return, no explanation NOTE: The line cord is used only for capacity meas- leads and portable carrying case NET
necessary! urements. Resistance ranges operate on sell -contained Only
batteries.

GENOMETER
One!
7 Signal Generators in
Generator
' Bar
V R.F. Signal Generator for A.M.
d R.F. Signal Generator for F.M. V Cross Hatch Generator
V Audio Frequency Generator V Color Dot Pattern Generator
V Marker Generator
for servicing:
A versatile all- inclusive GENERATOR which provides ALL the outputs
F.M. Radio Amplifiers Black and White TV Color TV
A.M. Radio BAR GENERATOR: The Model
VARIABLE A UD 10 FRE-
R. F. SIGNAL GENERATOR: ro gets an actual Bar
TV 50A projects
The Model TV -50A Genometer QUENCY GENERATOR: In Pattern on any TV Receiver
Model TY- 50A- Genometer provides complete coverage for addition to a fixed 400 cycle Screen. Pattern will consist of
Total Price A.M. and F.M. alignment. Gen- 4 to 16 horizontal bars or 7 to
$47.50
crates cycle Frequencies from sine -wave audio, the Model vertical bars.
20
Terms: $11.50 after 10 day trial, then $6.00 100 Kilocycles to 60 Megacycles TV -50A Genometer provides THE MODEL TV -50A
monthly for 6 months if satisfactory. Other- on fundamentals and from 60 a variable 300 cycle to 20.000 comes absolutely com-
wise return, no explanation necessary. Megacycles
M o 180 Megacycles on
to1

powerful harmonics. cycle peak wave audio signal. plete with shielded
and operating instruc-
DOT PATTERN GENERATOR (FO COLOR MARKER GENERATOR: The Model ttans
CROSS HATCH GENERATOR: The TV -50A includes all the most f
t

Model TV-50A Genometer

ject a cross-hatch pattern on any
TV picture tube. The pattern will
pro-

consist of non -shifting, horizontal

TV): Although you will be able to use
of your regular standard addition
most
for xis
ing Color TV, the one addition which is a
Icing
ic
"must" is a Dot Pattern Generator. The Dot
Pattern projected on any color TV Receiver
needed marker points. T e-
following markers are provided: 189
Kc., 262.5 Kc., 456 Kc., 600 Kc., 1000
Kc., 1400 Kc., 1600 Kc., 2000 Kc., 2500
$415°
and vertical lines interlaced to pro- tube by the Model TV-50A will enable you Kc., 3579 Kc., 4.5 Mc., 5 Mc.. 10.7 Mc.,
vide a stable cross -hatch effect. to adjust for proper color convergence. (3579 Kc. is the color burst frequency)

EXAMINE BEFORE YOU BUY!

USE APPROVAL FORM ON NEXT PAGE
ELECTRONICS WORLD
20

www.americanradiohistory.com
 The Model 88....A New Combination
TRANSISTOR RADIO TESTER..
DYNAMIC TRANSISTOR TESTER
The Model 88 k perhaps as im-
portant a development as was the
invention of the transistor itself,
for during the past 5 years, mil-
lions of transistor radios and other
transistor operated devices have
been imported and produced in
this country with no adequate pro-
vision for servicing this ever in-
creasing output.
The Model 88 was designed
specifically to test all transistors,
transistor radios, transistor record-
ers, and other transistor devices
under dynamic conditions.
- AS A TRANSISTOR RADIO TESTER
feel servicemen ilvl
agree that the instruments and the receiver
ver by means of o built -in High Gain Transistorized
methods previously l rvic1e
ye for servicing conventional tube radios Signal
and TV have proven to be impractical and time consuming Tracer until the causes of trouble whether it
be a transistor, some other
when used
-
for transistor radio servicing. The Model 88 provides component or even a break in the printed
a new simplified
circuit is located and pin-
rapid procedure pointed. The injected signal is heard on the front panel
a technique developed specifically for radio's and
is followed through the various stages.
speaker as it
other transistor devices. Provision has also been mode
on the front panel for plugging in a V.O.M. for
An R.F. Signal source, modulated by an audio tone is
injected into quantitative measure-
the transistor receiver from the antenna through ment of signal strength.
the R.F. stage, past The Signal Tracing section may also be
the mixer into the I.F. Amplifier and detector used less the signal injector
stages and on to the for listening to the "quality" of the broadcast
audio amplifier. This injected signal is then followed signal in the various
and traced through stages.

AS A TRANSISTOR TESTER

r
The Model 88 will test all transistors incuding NPN and PNP, is self -evident. A further benefit of this service is
silicon, germanium and the new gallium orsinide types, that it will enable
without referring you to test new transistors as they are released!
o characteristic dato sheets. The time -saving
advantage of this technique

SPECIFICATIONS:
t.off Model 88 operates on a self -contained 4%1 volt battery
and is olwoys
ready for instant use on the bench or in the field. Transistor Tester:
The transistor tester used in the Model 88 measures
the two most ira
Signal Injector: portant transistor characteristics needed for transistor servicing; leakage
and gain (beta).
The signol injector used in the Model 88 is
o new departure in signal The leakoge test measures the collectoremitter
source design. Previously, signal sources were provided c ent with the base
by signal gen. connection open cicuited. A ronge from 50 ohms to
Orators operating on o single frequency and requiring 100,000 ohms
retuning. The covers oll the leakage values usually found in both high
and low power
Signal Injector of the Model 88 employs o transistor in transistor types.
o grounded
emitter self- moduloting blocking oscillator generating
o low R.F. fre The gain test (beta) translates the change in collector current
quency providing stable harmonics to 30 megacycles. divided
A power output by the base current. Inasmuch as the base current is
of over 2.5 volts peak to peal is provided. An held to a fixed
attenuato, prevents value of 50 micoamperes, the collector current calibrated
overload of the receiver or the amplifier under test. in relative
gain (beto), is read directly on the meter scale.
The Model 88 will lest all transistor types, including
NPN or PNP, gee
1,0
Signal Tracer: monism,. silicon. gallium arsenide and the newer
diffused ¡unction and
Two high -gain grounded emitter transistors are utilized in mesa types.
o high gain
amplifier with sufficient output to operate the built -in 1 1/1" Alnico V Model 81 comes hunted in a handsome
Speaker. A diode is used os a "clomp" to prevent overloading
output stage. A volume control permits attenuation of strong
Provision is also mode on the front panel for the addition
or on oscilloscope for quantitative evaluation of the signal
of the
signals.
of a meter
table sow. Complete with o tel of Clip per.
Cables for Transistor Testing, an R.F. Diode
-On
Probe for R.F. and S.F. Tracing, on Audio Probe
for Amplifier Tracing and o Signal Inierror Co.
ble. Complete-noshing elm to buy!
$385o
strength. Only

SHIPPED ON APPROVAL
NO MONEY WITH ORDER -NO C. O.D.
Try any of the instru-
ments on this or the MOSS ELECTRONIC, INC.
facing page for 10 Dept. D -809, 3849 Tenth Aye., New York 34, N. Y.
days before you buy. Name
If completely satisfied Pi..., send me the units checked on approval.
then send down pay- If completely sati lied I will nap
ternis specified with no Interest or finance charges added. Ut henvlse. will retort)
ment and pay bal- .al r a 10 day trial posithely cancelling all further obligation..
I
ance as indicated on \ddress ,
coupon. No Interest Model SS -....Total Price $38.50
or Finance Gorges S8.
- -

within 10
-
Model TW 11 Total Price $47.50
d `yss. Balance 56.00 511.50 within 1T days. Satan.- $6.00 1
7daed! If n t om- t0l
prtÿ satisfied re-
turn unit to no
Model TV-504 ....Total Price $47.50
511.50 within 10 days. Balance 56.00
monthly for B months.
Moder BO Total Pace 542.50
aty

\II
: prie.
Zane
it tt N. Y. C.
State
Us, 512.50 within 10 days. Balance S6 00
.

explanation neces- monthly for 6 months. monthly for s months Export Division: Roche International Corp.
sary. 13 East 40th Street. New York 16, N. Y.
\T
September, 1960
21
 AINTRODUCES
A NEW
SMALL - SIZE
UNI - DIRECTIONAL BI - DIRECTIONAL
RIBBON RIBBON
MICROPHONE
1.1.\\1.
MICROPHONE
MODEL VM-18 MODEL VM -16
Features: Features:
Superlative high
Small size and slim shape facilitate quality response
handling. characteristics.
Engineered
Comparatively high in collabor-
ation with
sensitivity and fine
the Technical
response character- Research Labor -
atory of the
istics.
Japan Broad-
casting Corp-
Sturdy construction
oration
with short ribbon (NHK1.
diaphragm. Outstand-
VM -18 ing results
' Humming minimized when used
for FM
Equipped with a low broadcasting and high fidelity record
ing because of its exacting quality of
frequency attenua- tone reproduction.
tion circuit. Because of the above superior charac-
teristics, small size and non- reflect-
0 ing satin -chrome finish is ideally
suited for TV broadcasting.

erfr
v 0
0 ° VM 18
Specifications:
Frequency Response: 50- 15,000
es 3db
' Output Level: 80 db 1150 ohms

Specifications: 1,000 c_ü

VM-16
' Type. Ribbon Microphone Impedance: 150 ohms, 250 ohms
At 1000 at 0 Directional Characteristic
Impedance: 600 ohm 20
-
c s

-
-

or 600 ohms
point of the switch) 500 a s, 1000 c e, e000 c

' Sensitivity: 75 db (Odb 1V m bar 1000 0.01

" Directional Characteristics: B'-dir-
- Directionality: UM- directional
ectional
Noise Level:

8
Below 30 db
Dimensions: 9 5T8' (length) I

plug included)
2"
1

(die.) Weight 2.2 lbs. (9leet -cord AIWA c o.e i.-r n.

4 Motosokuma -Cho Kanda Chlyoda -Ku Tokyo, Japan
SN 20 db
field at I
or
m
below
gauss )
(in parallel

ELECTRONICS WORLD
22

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Latest Information
on the Electronic Industry
JI'Ih, hl,! By ELECTRONICS WORLD'S
WASHINGTON EDITOR

LUNAR MAPPING STUDY TO FEATURE USE OF RADAR AND TV -A lunar analysis and mapping
program -- coded "Project Lamp " --has been scheduled by the Corps of Engineers of the
Department of the Army. It will revolve about the use of radar and TV techniques for
making a rapid and accurate dimensional survey of the entire lunar surface, including
the back of the moon. Commenting on this remote -type visual- direction application
in a Congressional report, prepared for the Committee on Science and Astronautics,
Army engineers said that the radar system, which is quite light (on the order of 1000
pounds payload) will employ a radar altimeter, multiple- frequency surface
interrogator, and passive distance -measuring devices. As the space vehicle with
this system flies around the moon, radar will record the profile of the surface
directly beneath the flight path. After a number of such flights, a record of the
moon's surface would be built up and stored in a computer. By plotting many profiles,
a map could be produced if it were found desirable. Television will be used to
obtain stereoscopic coverage of the moon's surface, as well as for obtaining star and
earth positional data to preserve the geometric relationship necessary for s:ereo-
photo mapping. Basically, the TV system will take pictures of the moon and transmit
them to earth. To orient these pictures, another TV camera in the satellite will take
and transmit a picture of the stars at the same time to determine proper orientation.

TROUBLE -FREE SCATTER COMMUNICATION NETWORK OPENED IN PACIFIC --A 6500 -mile
communications system, said to be virtually trouble -free, is now in operation in the
Pacific area. Called the "Pacific Scatter Communication System", the network
employs a technique in which signals are sent upward to a layer of the atmosphere- -
the ionosphere -- and then bounced back in scatter fashion to earth. Oddly enough,
the signals themselves are not broken up; they are merely scattered. One receiver
picks up the clearest signal and should this one fade, another operational receiver
picks up another signal without a lapse. This assures a constant stream of trouble -
free signals. One of the largest of its kind in the world, featuring eight inter-
connected stations, the network extends from Oahu, Hawaii to Luzon in the
Philippines. Between all adjacent sections there are high- capacity communication
channels which can handle separate teletypewriter messages up to 100 words a minute.

DREAM- ANALYZING ELECTRONIC UNIT UNDER STUDY -A subvocal interpreter -- described as a

"dream analyzer" -which can codify speech that cannot be heard from a sleeping
person is now under study by Bell Telephone Labs at the request of University of
Chicago doctors. The unique device will measure lip movements and vocal cord vibra-
tions, then translate them into symbols for interpretation.

ELECTRONIC COMPUTER FOUND TO AID METALLURGICAL RESEARCH -Automatic electronic

digital computers can be used economically for both routine and complex calculations
required in metallurgical research, according to the Bureau of Mines. Three years'
experience with computers has disclosed that they can perform key calculations
basic to the production of iron, steel, and other metals. Government experts in
charge of these studies said that the speed and accuracy advantages offered by
these computers make them extremely practical tools for research labs.

SUPER -HIGH BANDS SOUGHT FOR VITAL REMOTE CONTROL --The FCC has been asked to
allocate 100 mc., in one block or in segments, within the 13,000 to 35,000 mc. band,
for the control by radio of highly specialized equipment designed to perform
complex tasks under conditions that would be dangerous to humans.

OVERSEAS TV STATIONS UP ABOUT 14 PER -CENT SINCE FIRST OF YEAR -Overseas television
stations of all types have increased by nearly 14 per -cent since the beginning of
the year; from 1088 to 1237. Altogether 109 new stations went into operation in the
Free World, 98 of which were in Western Europe, 40 new ones went on the air in the
Sino- Soviet bloc. Television sets in use abroad now number 34,500,000, with the Free
World accounting for 28,950,000, an increase of about 2,150,000. The Soviet
countries have about 5,600,000, up nearly 300,000.
September, 1960 23
 ELECTRONICS
will send you your choice
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and 'l'1' servicing, transistors and tubes...reference hooks to seven full days. If, after that, you don't agree that they are every-
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moon nieatiuns, :nul electronics experimentation. was to build the library every man in r .ries roust have.

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2600. TRANSISTORS,
250e. BASIC 2407. HOW TO GET AHEAD IN Gillie
ELECTRONICS, Grob THE TELEVISION AND RADIO
An introductory text on SERVICING BUSINESS. Marcus Describes and analyzes
the fundamentals of semi - conductors and
electricity and elec- Shows the easy way to get started as a transistors and how
tronics for technicians TV Radio repairman, how to earn while they behave. 300
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industrial electronics. tomers. $3.50 $7.95
$9.25 2415. MANDL'S
TELEVISION 2604. BASIC ELECTRON TUBES,
:501. ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONICS, SERVICING. Mandl Geppert
Hikey and Viltires This standard text A text tor a first course in electronics. It
This basic electronics text offers an ex- IS book in the T.V. servic- covers the tubes themselves, not the cir-
cellent course for training radio and ing field provides clear cuit applications. Basic principles gov-
electronics technicians and for students descriptions of the erning operation of specialized tubes are
in television, radar and sonar. $6.95
fundamentals of T.V.,
and practical instruc- explained. $7.50
tion on the diagnosis
2511. and correction of typi- 2605. FUNDAMENTALS OF VACUUM
JN DER STAN DI NG
cal troubles. $6.95 TUBES. Eastman
RADIO. Watson,
A text midway between the purely de-
Ae ;cc and Eby
2408. ESSENTIALS OF ELECTRICITY scriptive and the purely mathematical.
For those with little or Discusses the principal types of vacuum
FOR RADIO AND TELEVISION,
no technical knowledge
who wish to know the Slurzberg and Osterheld tubes. $10.50
fundamentals of radio Provides necessary background of prin-
theory and servicing. 2606. ELECTRON -TUBE CIRCUITS,
ciples for understanding T.V., FM and Seely
$7.95
radio circuits. $8.00
A clear analytical method in the study
2412. TELEvISION AND FM of electron -tube circuits. Provides a
ANTENNA GUIDE, Noll & Mandl 2404. FM RADIO
broad background in preparing for work
SERVICING
Two antenna experts tell you their se- FM RADIO
HANDBOOK. King in radio and electronic engineering.
crets of antenna choice and installation SERVICING
$10.50
for best reception in any area. Loaded HANDBOOK A practical guide to
FM V.H.F. receivers, 2601. TRANSISTORS
with useful tips on improving reception their design, construc- IN RADIO,
in fringe and difficult areas. $5.25 tion, alignment and re- TELEVISION AND
pair. $5.00 ELECTRONICS, Kiver
..S19. HANDBOOK
OF BASIC CIRCUITS,
A descriptive, non -
Mandl 2400. PROFITABLE RADIO mathematical text for
radio, television, elec-
A basic guide to cir- TROUBLESHOOTING. Marcus and Levy tronics technicians and
ut cuitry combining com- Explains in easy -to- understand manner for those who need to
n "S` se r prehensive coverage of the use of simple and advanced test in- gain a working knowl-
major circuits with de- struments, opening a radio servicing edge of transistors and
tailed information on transistor circuits.
circuits used in TV, FM business, pitfalls, and successful pro- $7.95
and AM. Simply written cedures for a full -grown business. $5.95
and easy-to- under- 2603. VACUUM -TUBE AND
stand. $7.95 2442. BASIC
TELECTRONIC TEST SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS,
INSTRUMENTS, Millman
2512. PRIMER OF ELECTRONICS Turner
ND RADIANT ENERGY. Caverly The first book to integrate vacuum tubes
Over 60 instruments and transistors. Teaches electronic cir-
Clear and simple explanation of elec- described, their uses
tronics and electronic tubes and circuits fully explained, and
cuit theory to provide an intimate under-
for all concerned with the manufacture, valuable work- saving standing of the vacuum -tube and semi-
application, operation of household or short -cuts outlined. conductor device as a circuit element.
industrial electronic devices. $7.50 $4.95 $10.00
ELECTRONICS WORLD
24

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Construction Communications
and and Special Topics
Experimentation Broadcasting

Wonderful "how-to" books to help Here are Loués NliiCh simplify

you build and enjoy practical elec-
tronic devices simply and easily.
basic and advanced theory and
open new horizons to you in the
- Choose any of these practica'
books -to take advantage of the
growing opportunities in the ex-
field of communications! citing field of electronics

2007. COMi'U1ERS
2006. ELECTRONIC AND HOW THEY
EXPERIMENTER'S 2901. HAM RADIO. Hertzberg op< Tahr,,..; ,, -
MANUAL. Findlay
With a few dollars
worth of basic tools
Tells exactly how to become a "ham"
how to obtain a ham "ticket ", how to
- COMPUTERS
A fact-filled guidebook
to electronic comput-
ers. Explains the wori-
and this book to guide learn code, how to select receivers and
you, you can explore
electronics experimen-
-
transmitters everything you need to
know is between the covers of this handy
ings of every major
computer system.
Must reading for all
tation more completely guidebook. $2.50 who want a more com-
than ever before. 10 plete knowledge of this
big sections. $4.95 important field. $4.95
2900. BROADCASTING TELEVISION
AND RADIO. Kingson. Cowgill. Levy 2914. THE RADAR POCKET BOOK.
2002/60. ELECTRONiC KITS BouIding
DIRECTORY. Z ff-Davis Publis:1 :. A simple, practical introduction to broad- A clear and concise handbook of infor-
Company casting, dealing with performance before mation on basic electrical principles and
New 1960 edition lists over 750 kits, the microphone and camera. $8.65 formulae applicable to radar, together
latest models, prices and features for with data on the various parts of a radar
hi -fi, ham radio, SWL, shop improve- installation. $3.85
ment, Citizen's Band, fun and educa- 2008. CLASS D
tion. $1.00 CITIZENS RADIO 2301. ELECTRONICS DICTIONARY.
Sands Cooke & Markus
2351. RADIO PROJECTS. M,irc:is First complete book on An authoritative dictionary containing
10 easy to construct radios desc, ibed in Citizens Radio opera- accurate, understandable definitions of
this book cover the field thoroughly and tion. Covers Class D nearly 6500 terms used in radio, tele-
completely, progressing in difficulty from history, rules, applica-
tions, how it works. vision, industrial electronics, facsimile,
the simple crystal detector to the super- Many illustrations. sound recording, etc. $6.50
heterodyne receiver.'$3.85 $4.95
2000/6C.
2001/60. ELECTRONIC 2907. RADIO OPERATING QUESTIONS STERFO -HI -FI GUIDE.
EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK, Ziff -Davis Publishing
AND ANSWERS, Hornung & McKenzie Company
Ziff -Davis Publishing Company Presents specific information on radio
40 projects for home and shop, 20 of Just published! 1960
law, operating practices and theory for edition features 60-
which are transistorized. Special section those studying to pass the FCC com- page exclusive by
on understanding transistor circuits. mercial radio operator exams of the vari- Joseph Marshall on
$1.00; 2001C, cloth $1.95 ous license grades. $6.00 comporents and how
they work. $1.00
r
See Zlauz ELECTRONICS BOOK SERVICE
One Park Avenue, New York 16, N. Y.
Please send me the book(s) I have listed below for a FREE 7 -day Trial Exam-

Paztd faddez ination. I understand that if am not completely satisfied, may return my
I

selection(s) and I'll owe you nothing. Otherwise, will send you payment for
I
I

the book(s) of my choice, plus postage and handling.

Oz Zlde %lúQ
NUMBER TITLE
eaufteuc 7aday !
PRICE

Leading radio and electronics parts

jobbers, hi -fi dealers and salons are
making their stores headquarters for
"TOTAL
books on every electronics subject.
New York City Residents, please add 3% sales tax.
You can take this list to your favorite (If you need more space to list additional titles, attach a sheet of paper with additional list.)
Li SAVE MONEY! Enclose payment in full for the book(s) of your choice and we will pay
dealer for immediate purchase. shipping charges. Same return privileges and prompt refund guaranteed.
G Please send me FREE CATALOG, when published.
506

If your local parts jobber or dealer

NAME
does not carry books, use the coupon PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY
for prompt delivery from ELECTRON- ADDRESS____
ICS BOOK SERVICE, on a 7 -day free
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L
September, 1960
25

www.americanradiohistory.com
Another exciting development by University

New Medallion XII Enclosure Kit Features

Five Decor-Matching `Snap -On' Grille Styles
Univers ty's Unique "Select -a- Style" Concept
Opens Up Many New Possibilities for Kits
Now, for the first time ever in high fidelity cabinetry, you
have a complete choice of styles in kit form ... Con temporary,
Colonial, Swedish Modern, French Provincial and Italian
Provincial. This is the important difference of Medallion
cabinetry ..."Select-a- Style" snap -on grilles that let you
match your decor exactly.
Each grille is authentic in peri-
od and crafted with meticulous
care. Choose the style you prefer,
assemble it, finish it and snap it
on. It's that easy! What if you
ever change your decor? Just
change the grille. It's that eco-
nomical! Doubly economical when
you consider its modest price.

Putting it Together Was

a Snap! Sounds Great, Too!
That's what you'll say after as-
sembling your Medallion enclo-
sure. Every piece is machined to
the closest tolerances . pre-cut
and pre- drilled for quick and pre-
cise assembly. Smooth- grained
birch veneers assure you a pro-
fessional furniture finish.

THE MEDALLION XII: Here's everything you've ever wanted in an en-

closure kit. A complete choice of styling. Compact dimensions for
stereo ... (the Medallion is only 24' x 17" x 12 %' deep). And versatility
of placement as a highboy or lowboy, on the floor, on its matching base
... or even as a built -in. Net prices: Enclosure kit -$49.95. (Prices
on grille and base kits to be announced.)
Versatile Baffleboard Takes
12" Woofer, Wide Variety of
WORLD'S WIDEST CHOICE OF SPEAKERS
Mid & High Range Speakers
AVAILABLE FOR PLANNING YOUR SYSTEM For building multi -speaker sys-
tems, University offers a corn-
University's new award -winning Series 200 wide-range speak- plete line of woofers, both high
ers offer today's most advanced design features that produce compliance and high efficiency.
1

the finest high fidelity performance from a wide variety of They feature the built -in flexi- Tools you need for assembly?
bility and advantages of adjust- Just enthusiasm and a screw-
compact enclosures. The Medallion is a perfect example. All
Series 200 woofer cones have two highly compliant cloth sus-
able response, dual impedance driver ... everything else is in-
pensions-inner and outer -that achieve lowest bass repro-
and the patented dual voice coil
for single- woofer stereo use.
cluded ... screws, glue, sand-
paper, grille fabric and complete,
duction with complete clarity and accuracy. There are also many mid -range easy -to- follow instructions. In
Their one -piece die-cast bas- speakers and wide -angle horn just a few pleasure- packed hours,
kets provide life -long rigidity and Advantages of Radiation loaded tweeters to complete any you'll be enjoying the superb per-
reliability for the entire speaker 2 -way or 3 -way system ... plus formance that only the Medallion
structure. And for maximum ease Resistance Loading Now the sensational new Sphericon, XII can give you.
of installation, each Series 200 described below.
speaker mounts from the front Yours in Kit Form
or the rear of the bafieboard. Full Medallion Story Covered
Radiation Resistance Leading In New University Catalog
has become widely recognized as
a significant advance in the art of It's just off the press with corn -
compact speaker enclosure design plete descriptions of all the new
over the older, fully-sealed high and exciting University speakers
compliance systems. With RRL, and speaker systems. S.Pe your
you realize greater efficiency and dealer, or write Desk S -9, Uni-
6201 cleaner response from any woofer. versity Loudspeakers, lnc., White
MODEL C -12SW 12' Dual Voice Plains, N. Y.
This results from the precisely Coil Woofer. High end response
NEW MODEL 312 126 3 -Way matched acoustic coupler which adjustable to 700, 2500, 5000 cps.
Diffaxial with Diffusicone mid- enables the woofer to develop Overall response, 40 -6000 cps.
range and Sphericon Super ample output with only a small $39.50 net.
Tweeter. Response: 28- 40,000 portion of its excursion potential.
cps. $73.00 net. There is fully 75% less bass dis- MODEL T202 SPHERICON Su-
NEW MODEL 6201 12" Coaxial. tortion at higher output levels per Tweeter. Major breakthrough
Improved version of the most . and perfect reproduction from in high frequency engineering.
popular speaker ever made. Re- amplifiers with as little as 10 Response: 3000-40,000 cps (±2db
sponse: 28- 18,500 cps. $57.75 net. clean watts. to 22,000 cps). $24.95 net. A Division of Ling-Alt-se Elrrlronive, 1, -.

ELECTRONICS WORLD
26
 How to Get a
Commercial FCC License
rt

do you know what an FCC license

really can do for you in Electronics?
Automation
OMore income for you every week

O A more interesting job in electronics

Chances are if you are

reading this magazine, Cleveland Institute Announces
you can qualify for the
really good jobs in elec- an EXCLUSIVE
Microwave and Mobile Radio tronics, like those Technician Training Program
shown at left ...
and it
in Computers, Servo Mechanisms,
won't take long to do it.
Your past training and Magnetic Amplifiers and others
experience in radio &
TV repair, armed forces Other advanced fields covered in-
electronics, ham opera- clude Basic Math, A. C. Circuit
tor, etc. can be your Analysis, Pulse Circuitry, Color
foundation for a profit- TV, Radar, Advanced Measuring
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tion Material shown be- mation today.
low today.

CLEVELAND GET THIS HANDY POCKET

INSTITUTE ELECTRONICS
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CLEVELAND INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS

Desk RN -45, 4900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 3, Ohio
Please send FREE Career Information Material prepared to
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perience in Electronics as indicated below: Ir

Military Broadcasting M

FIND OUT HOW: Radio -TV Servicing Hcme Experimenting

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The new electronic devices Manufacturing Telephone Company
can be handled by you
a successful plan for .. . h
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Electronics Training
To solve the problems that In what kind of work ore you now In wl-at branch of Electronics
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technicians
Name Age
Training is Insurance
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when employment is tough to Address
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you when times are good
11M -45

www.americanradiohistory.com
see the exciting 1961

knight -kits® A PRODUCT OF ALLIED RADIO

70 -Watt
Super -Power
in this value - packed ALL /ED catalog Stereo!
only $5down
Y -934 Deluxe 70 -Watt Stereo Amplifier; super -power
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control flexibility and functions ... ..........$119.95
see many more great HI -FI KITS
Stereo Preamp 18 -Watt Amplifier
ALL /ED 60 -Watt Stereo
Stereo Control
Amplifier 12 -Watt
FM
Amplifier
Tuner
everything fn 25 -Watt Amplifier Speaker Systems

444 pages electronics

world's biggest 1961

r
CATALOG 200
ono..
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use coupon ALLI E D RAD 1 O
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knight-kits-Best by Design
rh only Y -935 Model R -55 All -Band Superhet Receiver; covers
FUN TO BUILD Building it yourself is 540 kc to 36 mc, plus 6 meters; general coverage tun-
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$5 ing and calibrated Amateur bandspread tuning on
when you build Knight- Kits-they're so down slide -rule dial ..$67.50
beautifully engineered, so much easier,
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YOU SAVE You save substantially because "Ocean Hopper" Radio 2 -Way Intercom
you buy direct from Allied at our money- Radio -Intercom Electronic Lab Kits
saving big -volume -production prices -and Clock -Radio Photoelectronic System
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YOU OWN THE BEST You'll be glad you

Y -125 High sensitivity
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 knight -kits best in build -your -own electronic equipment

41111-M:3=1
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Y -929 Professional quality Stereo Tape Y -774 Deluxe 40 -Watt Stereo Ampli-
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monitoring, sound -on -sound and echo Finest amplifier available anywhere in
effect; use with any tape transport... this price range ...$76.95
less case ..$79.95 Only $39.95
20 Watts
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Y -731 Deluxe FM -AM Stereo Hi -Fi only s2down
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Regulation, variable AFC, "Magic Y -927 Super -value 20 -Watt Stereo
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biggest bargain in Stereo hi-fi. $39.95

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Y -928 Outstanding FM -AM Hi -Fi
Y -712 Model C -27 Superhet Citizen's Tuner; with AFC and tuned RF stage
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ceiver for highest sensitivity and selec- This Citizen's Band
tivity; 2- channel crystal -controlled 5 -watt onlys2down Transceiver
transmitter; finest at any price.... $79.95
Y -713. Top value, lowest -
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Band "Span Master" regenerative receiver; 5-
Receiver; renowned for watt transmitter .$39.95 oniys$ down
thrilling world -wide re-
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full selection of SEND FOR THE 444 -PAGE

INSTRUMENT 1961 ALLIED CATALOG
KITS Write today for the world's biggest elec-
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fundamentals; 400 -cycle R/C Tester,
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RADIO Pioneer in electronic

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 Poly -Comm II
THE POWERHOUSE
Within the ç1
Citizens Band Transceiver
Designed For Industrial Use

ALBERT COUMONT has been appointed the post of manager. He has been with
sales manager of Sprague Products the Laboratories since 1957 ... JOSEPH
Co., the distributors' N. BENHAMIN, president of the Bogen -
supply subsidiary of Presto Division, has resigned his post.
the Sprague Elec- No immediate announcement of his fu-
tric Co. ture plans was forthcoming ...
HOW-
In his new post ARD P. MUNDAY has been named train-
"An armored tank Mr. Coumont will ing and communications coordinator
with tubes and crys- be responsible for for the CBS Electronics Dirision . . .
tals," is how o leading the management of GEORGE L. MALLORY has been ap-
electronics magazine field sales of com- pointed to the newly created post of
described the Poly - ponents and transis- vice- president, operations. for Gates
Comm II, known as the "Workhorse of Industry." tors to a nationwide network of dis- Radio Company . Appointment of
The Poly -Comm II is most rugged and reliable
tributors, succeeding Harry Kalker LUIS H. URDANG to the post of manager
citizens band transceiver made. Designed for
continuous duty and featuring a super -sensitive
who has held the dual posts of presi- for quality control at the Mountaintop.
dual conversion superhet receiver ...
optimum dent and sales manager of the sub- Pa. plant, has been announced by Radio
...Amperex
selectivity through dual conversion with 16 tuned sidiary. Corporation of America
circuits and three 455 Kc IF stages, (If you hear Mr. Coumont first joined the divi- Electronic Corporation has promoted
him he's on your channel) ... completely weather sion in 1956 as assistant to the presi- four senior applications engineers to
and rust proofed ...
teflon wiring ...
solid steel dent, after serving as service coordina- positions as section heads in the appli-
cabinet and chassis for rugged use under any tor of the RETMA (now EIA). Prior cations engineering department. Those
conditions. promoted include BERTRAM GREEN,
to that post he was manager of sales
Additional Features: 3 watts power output_ for electronic products of the Inter- WALLACE HICKMAN, ALBERT H. KATZ,
Super -sensitive squelch circuit. Delayed automat national General Electric Company in and KEVIN REDMOND.
is volume control. 100% modulation capability. New York. He has been in the elec-

professional micro-
phone.
/
Push to talk without relays. Floating series gate -
type noise limiter. Comes with universal mount-
ing bracket and
Pi 795o user net
Complete
tronic field since 1936.

H. E. McCALLICK,
e e e
former associate dean
of the College of Technology, Univer-
DR. PEI WANG has been named to the
newly created post of engineering man-
ager in charge of de-
vice services for the
sity of Houston, has been named exec- Semiconductor Divi-
The Poly- Daptor is a
utive vice -president of Capitol Radio sion of Sylvania
abl
te control v i.
remote
tuner andS-
a Engineering Institute of Washington, Electric Products
meter covering 26.965
D. C. . . A. B. BUCHANAN, assistant Inc.
Mc (channel I) to .
In his new posi-
27.225 Mc (channel communication engineer of the Detroit
22). Retains use of 4
Edison Company, has retired after 38 tion, Dr. Wang is re-
transmit channels with
instant switching of years of radio and electronic work to sponsible for mate-
crystal control or vari-
establish a consulting engineering prac- rial engineering.
able tuner. The 5 -meter operates at all times with either
variable or crystal controlled receiver. tice in the mobile radio systems field chemistry, device techniques, and serv-
ice. He will continue to maintain offices
$29.50 Cempllete
F. P. RICE, director of operations
for International Resistance Co. since at the division's headquarters labora-
1958, died recently at the age of 49 tory in Woburn, Mass. where he has
. . . DR. WILLIAM L. FIRESTONE is the been a senior engineering specialist
new director of engineering for Motor- since 1958.
ola's Communications Division ... WIL- Dr. Wang joined the company in 1953
LIAM B. VOORHIS has joined the staff as a material and chemistry engineer.
of National Electronics, Inc. as produc- Prior to that he was a research asso-
tion manager of the new thyratron and ciate at the University of Wisconsin.
s
s *
rectifier division. He was formerly with
Tung -Sol ... ALLEN W. DAWSON has
been named manager of the television
WESTON INSTRUMENTS DIVISION
opened new district sales offices and
has
The Poly -Comm 6 -2 oper-
ates on 6 and 2 meters, bull) sales department of the Electri- service facilities at 1125 Marshall St.
V.F.O. or crystal control and
triple conversion superhet re- cal Products Division of Corning Glass in Redwood City. California ...
WEST-
ceiver with squelch and ANL,
S.meter and instant band
Works ... CLYDE W. KAERICHER, for-
mer executive of Minneapolis- Honey-
REX CORPORATION has moved its east-
ern operations into a six -story building
switching.
well, has joined Telex, Inc. as vice - at 540 W. 58th St.. New York City . . .

$299.50 Complete
el
trge of corporate affairs Construction of a new 10,000- square-
ansfortner Corporation foot plant for CONDENSER PRODUCTS
ADEL L. BARAF president COMPANY has begun in Brooksville,
SSELL vice -president of Florida. Occupancy is scheduled for
IOHN R. WELTY is the September 1st and will complete the
tanager for diodes and shift of the firm's operations from New
Haven. Conn. . The San Carlos plant
torola's Semiconductor
on . . . ROBERT SACK - of EITEL- McCULLOUGH, INC. is being
elected executive vice - expanded by the addition of two new
hief operating officer of buildings which are being built at a
Hon.. . . The Solid State cost of over one -million dollars. Sched-
ment of CBS Loborato- uled for completion in November, the
ALFRED F. KASPAUL t0 new buildings will cover 63,000 square
ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 CONVERT YOUR CAR RADIO FOR SHORT WAVE RECEPTION WITH...

INTERNATIONAL'S ALL TRANSISTOR, CRYSTAL CONTROLLED CONVERTER

Now, in a matter of minutes, your standard International Mobilettes cover these short wave hands.

---
broadcast car radio becomes a short wave
receiver
stations.
...
bringing in domestic and foreign
Catalog No.
630 105
Frequency
75 meters (Amateur)
630 104 40 meters (Amateur)
Designed by International for AMATEURS, 630 106 10 MC (WWV Time
CITIZEN LICENSEES, SHORT WAVE LIST-
ENERS, HOBBYIST. 630 -- 103
Broadcasts)
20 meters (Amateur)
Available in SEVEN frequency ranges cover-
ing the Amateur bands, 75 through 10 meters,
the Citizens band, and WWV National Bureau
630
630
630
-- 102
101
100
15 meters (Amateur)
11 meters (Citizens)
10 meters (Amateur)
28.5 -29.5 MC
of Standards Time Broadcasts. Available soon for 6 and 2 meters
at slightly higher price.
Three simple steps to install. (1) Remove
antenna lead from car radio and plug into
input of Mobilette. (2) Plug jumper wire from
Mobilette into antenna connection of car radio.
(3) Plug power connector into cigarette
lighter socket. It's that easy!
Works on either 6 or 12 volts without change. Complete, ready to plug
in and operate ...
"
Mobilette normally wired for negative ground only $19.95
battery system. When ordering positive ground, Order direct from International. Terms F. O. B.
add Suffix "P" to catalog number. Okla. City. Include postage. Shipping Weight 2 lbs.

INTERNATIONAL CRYSTAL MFG. CO.. INC.. NO. LEE

'.J
18
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
GENTLEMEN: PLEASE SHIP THE FOLLOWING MORILETTES
1111.15 EACH.

INTERNATIONAL `.
CATALOG NO. FRED. QUANTITY

CRYSTAL MFG. CO. INC. SHIP TO

AMOUNT
- NAME
ADDRESS_

-
ENCLOSED

18 NORTH LEE INCLUDE POSTAGE WITH ORDER.

OKLA. CITY, OKLA.
September. 1960 31

www.americanradiohistory.com
 feet ...
RAYTHEON COMPANY's new

The "Big Picture Airborne Equipment Center has been

dedicated at Sudbury, Mass., the firm's
seventh major facility to be completed
and become operational within the past
.. informative shop talks year . .. COM-
GENERAL ELECTRIC
PANY will add another 260,000 square
by AL MERRIAM feet of office, engineering, and manu-
Sylvania National Service Manager facturing space to its transistor and
tunnel diode facilities at Electronics
Park, Syracuse RADIO CORPORA-
TION OF AMERICA will open a new re-
...
How to avoid search laboratory in Japan to conduct
fundamental studies in the physics and
chemistry of solids. The facility will be
that "strapped" feeling! located in a new building now under
construction in Tokyo.
s a

I'm talking about the way ordinary picture tubes are strapped R. FORBES has been appointed man-
R.

into the TV set. Boy, I've felt "strapped" more than once ... and ager of the Semiconductor Department
of P. R. Mallory &
bet you have, too ... but now there's an "easy out." Co. Inc.'s Elkon Di-
And that's Sylvania Bonded Shield 23 ". Mounting or removing a vision at Du Quoin,
Illinois.
Bonded Shield picture tube is easier and faster simply because In his new capac-
there are no old- fashioned straps. The mounting "ears" are a ity, Mr. Forbes will
strong part of the shield, and the door -latch mounting clips are have charge of all of
the department's ac-
easy as pie. How easy is that? Look... tivities including re-
search and develop-
ment, production, quality control, and
sales. He also assumes the duties of
Dr. C. H. Moore who has resigned to
take a position with another company.
Mr. Forbes joined the organization as
president of Mallory Plastics Company.
Chicago. Before that he was manager
of the radio and television division of
Sylrankt Electric Canada Limited.
* * *

CHARLES D. BROWN has been appointed

manager of marketing at General Elec-
tric Company's Instrument Department
in West Lynn. Mass. . . DR. ROBERT .

A. NOTTENBURG has been appointed di-

rector of education for the Cleveland In-
stitute of Electronics. He was formerly
dean of the faculty for International
Take ont one screw on the two top That's all there is toit... the tube Correspondence Schools ... RUSSELL W.
clips...loosen the rest of the screws. is removed that easily! SWIGART has been named credit man-
ager of World Radio Laboratories .

C. T. KIERULFF has been named presi-

What's more, Bonded Shield picture tubes are much safer ... both dent and chief executive officer of
Kierniff & Company while C. R. KIE-
for you and the people "out front." This tough, "contoured cap" RULFF moves up to the post of chairman
makes the whole tube stronger and implosion- resistant and,... of the board ...
General Instrument
Company has announced the election
no mounting hardware ever contacts that highly stressed picture of MOSES SHAPIRO as president and
tube! I'm sure you'll like the idea. MONTE COHEN as vice- chairman of the
board RAY D. BARR has been ap-
And here's another service tip. A discriminator transformer drift . . .

pointed vice- president and controller of

may be causing a low level buzz in the audio, and you can clear it Globe Electronics . F. D. MEADOWS . .

up with a quick and easy readjustment to the transformer. Our has been named manager of video prod-
ucts administration for Ampex Pro-
tests indicate that many transformers "age" in the first few hours fessional Products Company San - .

of operation, and the drop in frequency causes the buzz. Sylvania gamo Electric Co. has appointed ROGER
Home Electronics Corp., Batavia, N. Y. R. MILLER to the new post of sales
manager of electronic components .
WILLIAM D. HOGAN has been named
manager of field engineering, a newly
created post within the Semiconductor
Division of Sylvania Electric Products
Inc. He was formerly with Raytheon at
...

Subsidiary of GENERAL TELEPHONE & ELECTRON/CS',

I. )
Waltham LT. COL. JOHN F. RIDER
(U.S.A., Ret.) was honored at a testi-
monial dinner held by the Lt. Harold G.
Blumberg Post of the American Legion.
He was honored for his "contribution
to the American Way of life."
32 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 The specs prove it...your best buy is
0
® .
. .

ÿ_
..,
.
!ee
v dI
A

DYNAMIC CONDUCTANCE
0 .000 TUBE & TRANSISTOR
TV -FM SWEEP GENERATOR TESTER =666
AND MARKER =368 KIT $69.95 WIRED $109.95
KIT $69.95 WIRED $119.55 0 ftttttttffTf dÒ
Complete with steel & handle
s

i^
SIGNAL GENERATOR =324
I
á
RF 0r

KIT $26.95 WIRED $39.95

4--

E
D
COLOR & MONOCHROME
PEAK -TO -PEAK
DC TO 5 MC LAB & TV
VTVM =232 &
UNIPROBE
5" OSCILLOSCOPE =460
KIT $79.95 WIRED $129.50
KIT $29.95
5" PUSH -PULL
WIRED $49.95
Oscilloscope =425:
Kit ;44.95 Wired $79.95

A Tests all receiving tubes (picture tubes with In 3 fund. bands, 60 -225 mc on harmonic band. moving from cabinet. Measure directly p -p voltage
adapter), n -p -n and p-n-p transistors. Corn - 4.5 xtal marker osc., xtal supplied. Ext. marker of complex & sine waves: 0 -4, 14, 42, 140, 420, 1400,
posite indication of Gm, Gp & peak emission. Simul. provision. Attenuators: Marker Size, RF Fine, RF 4200. DC /RMS sine volts: 0.1.5, 5. 15, 50, 150, 500,
taneous selection of any one of 4 combinations of Coarse (4-step decade). Narrow range phasing con. 1500 (up to 30,000 v. with HVP probe, & 250 mc with
3 plate voltages, 3 screen voltages, 3 ranges of trol for accurate alignment. PRF probe). Ohms: 0.2 ohms to 1000 megs. 41/2"
continuously variable grid voltage (with 5% accurate C 150 kc to 435 mc with ONE generator in 6 meter, can'tburn -out circuit. 7 non-skip ranges on
pot.). Sensitive 200 ua meter. 10 six -position lever fund. bands and 1 harmonic band! ±1.5% freq. every function. Zero center.
switches: freepoint connection of each tube pin. accuracy. Colpitts RF osc. directly plate -modulated
10 pushbuttons: rapid insert of any tube element in E Features DC amplifiers! Flat from DC to 4.5 mc,
leakage test circuit. Direct reading of inter -element by K- follower for improved mod. Variable depth of usable to 10 mc. Vert. Sens.: 25 my /in.; input
leakage in ohms. New gear -driven rollchart. CRA int. mod. 0-50% by 400 cps Colpitts osc. Variable 2 3 megs; direct -coupled & pusn -pull throughout.
Adapter $4.50. gain ext. mod. amplifier: only 3.0 v needed for 30% 4-step freq.-compensated attenuator up to 1000:1.
Entirely electronic sweep circuit with accu.
mod. Turret -mounted, slug-tuned coils for max. ac-
curacy. Fine and Coarse (3 -step) RF attenuators.
Sweep: perfectly linear 10 cps -100 kc (ext. cap.
for range to 1 cps). Pre -set TV V & H positions.
rately-biased increductor for excellent line. RF output 100,000 uv, AF output to 10 v. Auto sync. lim. & ampl. Direct or cap. coupling;
arity. Extremely flat RF output. Exceptional tuning
accuracy. Hum and leakage eliminated. 5 fund. sweep D Uni -Probe -
exclusive with EICO only 1
probe performs all functions: half-turn of probe
- bal. or unbal. inputs; edge -lit engraved lucite screen
with dimmer control; plus many more outstanding
ranges, 3.216 mc. Variable marker range: 2 -75 mc tip selects DC or AC -Ohms. Calibration without re- features.

FREE CATALOG shows you HOW TO SAVE 50% on 65 models of top quality professional test equipment. MAIL COUPON NOW!

r-w

t9
Tube Tester .625
Kit $34.95 6V & 12V Battery
d New Transistor NEW Tube & Eliminator 20.000 Ohms /Volt
Wired $49.95
Portable Radio RA -6 CRT Fil. & Charger =1050 V.0 -M =565
tests 600 mil
C NEW Power & Bias Kit $24.95
i Kit $29.95
Wired $49.95
Incl. F.E.T.; less 9V batt.
Supply for
Transistorized
Tester =612
Kit $3.95
Wired $5.95
Series /Parallel
R -C Combination
series string type
tubes
illuminated
Kit $29.95
Wired $38.95
Extra- filtered for
Wired $29.95
1000 Ohms /Volt
Prealigned RF, IF Eqpt. #1020 Fast- checks Box x1140 roll -chart transistor equipt. V -O -M .536
H xfmrs; push -pull Kit $19.95 radio /TV tubes, Kit $13.95 Pix Tube Test =1060 Kit $38.95 Kit $12.90
or
audio; 6" spkr. Wired $27.95 pilot lamps, etc. Wired $19.95 Adapter $4.50 Wired $47.95 Wired $14.90

o
4 FICO EW-9
33 -00 Northern Blvd.
3:
s-
o
c
W
N
5Eical;
33 -00 Northern Blvd. 1.l.C. 1, N.T.
R -C
Y o .1

Bridge & R -C -L
Comparator =9508
VTVM Probes

Peak -to -Peak $4.95

RF
High Voltage
Probe -1
. __

.. _...
Kit
Wired
$6.95
$3.75 $4.95

$6.95
1. I. C. 1, N. Y.

Show me HOW TO SAVE 50% on C, Test Instruments

Hi.Fi
Guide.
Ham Gear. p
Send free Stereo Hi -Fi
Send FREE Short Course for Novice License.
Send me FREE Catalog, name of nerghtc.rhood dealer.

Kit $19.95 High Voltage Name

Add 5% in the West. Wired $29.95 Probe -2 $4.95
Reads 0.5 ohms. Scope Probes Address
500 megs, Demodulator $3.75 $5.75
TURN PAGE FOR MORE EICO VALUES 10 mmfd -5000 mid, Direct $2.75 $3.95 City Zone... State
.

power factor Low Capacity $3.75 $5.75

1960
September, 1960 33

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Mono Hi-Fi...
the experts say
your Best Buy
Is EICO

Stereo Amplifier- Preamplifier HFBIt

S:erea Preamplifier HF-851 FM Tuner HFT90tt

AM Tuner HFT94tt
FM /AM Tuner HFT92tt

Stereo Automatic Changer/

Player 1007

3 -Way Speaker System HFS3

1
O 2-Way Bookshelf Speaker Systems
HFS5 and HFS1
100W Stereo Power Amplifier HF89
70W Stereo Power Amplifier HF87
28W Stereo Power Amplifier HF86 Stereo Integrated Amplifier AF4tt !Mtn TO TF OF

HI(:1I FIDELITY
%I NV FACI,11111..

FM Tuner HFT90: Prewired, prealigned, tempera- HWD: 24 ". 121/2 ", 101/2 ". Unfinished birch. Kit
Exclusive advanced systematized engineering $47.50. Wired $56.50. Walnut or mahogany.
Lastest and finest quality parts ture- compensated "front end" is drift -free. Pre -
Exclusive "Beginner -Tested" easy step-by- wired exclusive precision eye- tronica, traveling Kit $59.50. Wired $69.50.
step instructions tuning indicator. Sensitivity: 1.5 uy for 20 db HFS1 Bookshelf Speaker System complete with
Exclusive TRIPLE quality control
quieting; 2.5 uy for 30 db quieting, full limiting factory-built cabinet. Jensen 8" woofer, match-
Exclusive LIFETIME guarantee at nominal cost
from 25 uy. IF bandwidth 260 kc at 6 db points. ing Jensen compression- driver exponential horn
Both cathode follower & FM- multiplex stereo
IN STOCK -- Compare, then take home any EICO
right "off the shelf"- from 1500
outputs, prevent obsolescence. Very low distor.
tweeter. Smooth clean bass; crisp extended
highs. 70- 12.090 cps range. 8 ohms. HWD: 23"
equipment tion. "One of the best buys in high fidelity kits."
neighborhood EICO dealers throughout the U. S. - AUDIOCRAFT. Kit $39.95'. Wired $65.95'.
x 11" x 9 ". Kit $39.95. Wired $47.95
HFS2 Omni -Directional Speaker System (not illus.)
and Canada.
NF81 Stereo Amplifier- Preamplifier selects,
Cover $3.95. 'Less cover, F.E.T. incl.
AM Tuner HFT94: Matches HFT 90. Selects "hi -fi"
HWD: 36 ", 15r.4", 1114 ". "Fine for Stereo"
MODERN HI -Fl. Completely factory -built. Mahog-
-
amplifies, controls any stereo source 8 feeds it wide (20 -9000 cps (W -3
db) or weak -station
thru self -contained dual 14W amplifiers to a pair any or walnut $139.95. Blond $144.95.
narrow (20 -5000 cps -3 db) bandpass. Tuned
of speakers. Provides 28W monophonically. RF stage for high selectivity & sensitivity. Pre- New Stereo Automatic Changer /Player: lam-proof
Ganged level controls, separate balance control, cision eye-tronicw tuning. "One of the best 4- speed, all record sizes, automatic changer
independent bass and treble controls for each available." -HI -FI SYSTEMS. Kit $39.95. Wired and auto /manual player. New extremely smooth,
channel. Identical Williamson -type, ouch -pull low distortion moisture -proof stereo crystal
EL84 power amplifiers. "Excellent " - SATURDAY
$65.95. Incl. cover & F.E.T.
cartridge designed integrally with tonearm to
REVIEW. "Outstanding ... extremely versatile." New FM /AM Tuner HFT92 combines renowned
eliminate mid -range resonances. Constant 41/2
- ELECTRONICS WORLD. Kit $69.95. Wired EICO HFT90 FM Tuner with excellent AM tuning
facilities. Kit $59.95. Wired $94.95. Incl. cover grams stylus force is optimum to prevent groove
$109.95. Incl. cover.
& F.E.T.
flutter distortion. No hum, turntable attractions,
HFBS Stereo Preamplifier: Complete master acoustic feedback, center -hole enlargement.
stereo preamplifier- control unit, self -powered. New AF-4 Economy Stereo Integrated Amplifier Only 103/4" x 13". Model 1007D: 0.7 mil dia-
Distortion borders on unmeasurabte. Level, bass, provides clean 4W per channel or 8W total out- mond, 3 mil sapphire dual styli, $59.75.
treble controls independent for each channel put. Kit $38.95. Wired $64.95. Incl. cover & F.E.T. 10075: 0.7 mil,3 mil sapphire, $49.75. Incl. FET.
or ganged for both channels. Inputs for phono, NF12 Mono Integrated Amplifier (not illus.): Com-
tape head, mike, AM, FM, 8 FM- multiplex. One plete "front end" facilities & true hi -fi perform- tShown In optional Furniture Wood Cabinet
ance. 12W continuous, 25W peak. Kit $34.95. WE71: Unfinished Birch, $9.95; Walnut or
each auxiliary A & B input in each channel.
"Extreme flexibility . . a bargain," - HI -FI Wired $57.95. Incl. cover. Mahogany, $13.95.
ttShown in optional Furniture Wood Cabinet
REVIEW. Kit $39.95. Wired $64.95. Incl. cover. New HFS3 3 -Way Speaker System Semi -Kit com-
plete with factory -built 3/4 " veneered plywood (4 WE70: Unfinished Birch, $9.95; Walnut or
New HF89 100 -Watt Stereo Power Amplifier: Mahogany, $12.50.
Dual 50W highest quality power amplifiers. 200W sides) cabinet. Bellows- suspension, full -inch ex-
peak power output. Uses superlative ultra -linear cursion 12" woofer (22 cps res.) W' mid -range
connected output transformers for undistorted speaker with high internal damping cone for EICO, 33.00 N. Blvd.. L.I.C. 1, N. Y. EW,9
response across the entire audio range at full smooth response, 342" cone tweeter. 21/4 cu. ft. Show me how to SAVE 50% on easy -to -build
power, assuring utmost clarity on full orchestra ducted -port enclosure. System Q of 42 for top-quality Hi -Fi. Send FREE catalog, Stereo Hi -Fi
& organ. 60 db channel separation. IM distortion smoothest frequency & best transient response. Guide plus name of neighborhood EICO dealer.
0.5% at 100W; harmonic distortion less than 1% 32. 14,000 cps clean, useful response. 16 ohms
from 20- 20.000 cos within 1 db of 100W. Kit Impedance. HWD: 2642 ", 13N ". 143ìe ". Un- Name
$99.50. Wired 5139.50. finished birch. Kit $72.50. Wired $84.50. Walnut Address.
HF87 70 -Watt Steno Power Amplifier. Dual 35W or mahogany. Kit $87.50. Wired $99.50.
power amplifiers identical circuit -wise to the New NFSS 2 -Way Speaker System Semi -Kit com- City.. ...... Zone State
superb HF89, differing only in rating of the out- plete with factory -built 3/4" veneered plywood
put transformers. IM distortion 1% at 70W; (4 sides) cabinet. Bellows-suspension, We" excur- See and hear all -EICO Stereo at N. Y. Hi -Fi Show.
harmonic distortion less than 1% from 20- 20,000 sion. 8" woofer (45 cps. res.), & 342" cone Rooms 305 and 306. Listen to the EICO Hour,
cps within 1 db of 70W. Kit $74.95. Wired $114.95. tweeter. 144" cu. ft. ducted -port enclosure. Sys- WABC -FM, N. Y. 95.5 MC, Mon. -Fri.. 7:15 -8 PM.
HF86 28 -Watt Stereo Power Amp. Flawless repro- tem 0 of 42 for smoothest free,. & best transient
duction at modest price. Kit$43.95. Wired$74.95. resp. 45-14,000 cps clean, useful resp. 16 ohms. ®1960 by EICO, 33 -00 N. Blvd., L. C. 1, N.Y.

34
ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 JrlrlrjY L J

w
IV

9JL\)
I 1 D

011
A___S
By GEORGE RILEY
Electro- Voice, Inc.
/ Picking the right mike for your particular application
will certainly pay dividends in price and performance.
PICKING the wrong microphone for far above that obtainable by guess- er it be home recording, professional
your sound installation can be much work or casual advice. Quite often, broadcasting, or a communications sys-
like putting the wrong carburetor proper application of an inexpensive tem in the roaring noise of a steel
on your automobile. While it might microphone will produce superior per- plant. These are: (1) the type of gen-
work, you won't get top performance formance over a much more expensive erating element best suited to the con-
unless you've chosen the right one by microphone wrongly applied, in the ditions, (2) the most desirable micro-
mere coincidence. The odds are that same installation. Broadcast stations, phone pickup pattern, and (3) the final
you will end up with mediocre perfor- for example, have actually gone on the quality desired. To obtain optimum re-
mance, without realizing it could be air using $30 microphones throughout, sults in most applications, the first two
much improved. with acceptable results. This, however, factors must be carefully considered.
Complex as it may be, the field of is the extreme-like using a box cam- On the other hand, if low -cost equip-
sound equipment is one where a small era to record sporting events. But it ment is being used in the balance of
amount of accurate information can go can be done, and the point is that ap- the system and price is a controlling
a long way. It can be built upon to plication "know-how" pays long divi- factor, or on special applications such
form a firm foundation for choosing, dends. as radio communications equipment,
using, and getting the most out of the Actually, only three points must be the third factor may be compromised
equipment you buy. The results show considered when picking the proper to some extent.
up in dollars saved and in performance microphone for any application, wheth- In a microphone, the energy of sound

OIAPHRAG41 POLARIZING
VOLTAGE a
UTPUT

DIAPHRAGM çdiFig. 2. (Left) Capacitor microphone element.

Fig. 3. (Below) Ribbon microphone element.

-STATIONARY
APACITOR
LE SALT OR PLATE
MK ELEMENT (INSULATED
FOM
SOUND DIAPHRAGM)
WAVES --OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
ALUMINUM
RIBBON

MAGNETIC
POLE
PIECES
LNICO

MET

OUTPUT
Fig. I. Crystal or ceramic element. ,.VOLTAGE

September. 1960 35

c;
www.americanradiohistory.com
 is an electrical facsimile of the sound determine its quality will be discussed
VOICE COIL waves actuating the microphone dia- in detail later. No reasonable person
phragm. In the remaining class are would expect top performance using a
L'
'' II

the carbon and capacitor microphones $5 microphone with a $500 tape record-
~ r which modify the direct current sup- er. The more costly the microphone,
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
plied to them into one which varies the greater is the need to make the
in an identical manner according to proper choice if good value is to be
the movement of the microphone dia- obtained.
phragm. With these fundamentals in mind, we
Next, consider the problem of pickup can return to the three basic require-
pattern. We may not always wish to ments for proper choice of a micro-
ALNICO
MAGNET
pick up sounds coming to the micro- phone and discuss them in greater
phone from all directions. For example, detail.
in recording a wedding, the words of
the participants must be picked up dis- Crystal and Ceramic Elements
:
tinctly, but a cough in the crowd or Some crystalline materials have the
Fig. 4. Dynamic generating element. even the footsteps of the ushers would property of generating an electrical
be distracting in the final recording. In voltage when a thin slab of the crystal
DIAPHRAGM
directing his men at the scene of a is bent or twisted. Rochelle salt (po-
large conflagration, it might be impos- tassium sodium tartrate) is one of the
sible for the fire chief to make himself most suitable substances since it can
heard above the noise unless a micro- be grown synthetically and at a com-
phone which cancels all sound except paratively low cost. It can be cut into
that of his own voice is used. small slabs for use in low-cost micro-
The fact that the human brain has phones. Physically, it is sufficiently
the ability to sort out undesirable compliant so that a microphone dia-
sounds and ignore them has led many phragm, with a diameter of around 2
;ARMATURE
RE

ALNICO
/Y an amateur recordist into a dilemma.
It is not difficult for two persons to
inches, coupled to it mechanically will
produce high output level. Fig. 1
MAGNET converse in a noisy bus, but try to re- shows how sound waves moving the
cord that conversation and one sud- diaphragm of this type of microphone
denly discovers that the microphone is transmit a force which bends the crys-
truly an ear without a brain. Proper tal element to produce the electrical
Fig. 5. Magnetic generating element. use of directional microphones, how- signal we require. Many low-cost
ever, can usually provide satisfactory microphones use Rochelle salt crystal
pAGMPAGM
results even under the most difficult elements from which they derive their
conditions. general identification as "crystal" mi-
Characteristics of a microphone which crophones.
CURRENT
SOURCE e CONDITION HAG- CAPAC- !CARBON
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC CRYSTAL CERAMIC DYNAMIC RIBBON NETIC ITOR
High Temperature
(112F. or above)
e
Low Temperature e e
High Humidify
Rough Handling
CARBON Very High Output
GRANULES e
L
High Output
e
Wide Frequency Range
Low Cost Some
INIIIIIIIIIIIII
Long Mike Lines
Fig. 6. Carbon microphone element. Low Distortion
'Choose low- impedance models where hum or long lines (over 20 feet) may be encountered.
waves is used to actuate a diaphragm Table I. Choose type of element best suited fo use and with desired characteristics.
-to make it vibrate at the identical
rate of the sound source. How closely ACOUSTIC OMNI- BIDIRECTIONAL UNIDIRECTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL
it does this depends on the skill of the CONDITION DIRECTIONAL (Ribbon Only (CARDIOID, LINE) (CLOSE- TALKING)
engineers who design microphones. In Low Reverberation
most microphones, the energy of the High Reverberation
vibrating diaphragm is then used to Low Random Noise
generate an electrical voltage. It is Very High Noise
very difficult to amplify sound itself, Source Far From Mike
Source Close Less than 3"
but in the form of an electrical voltage
which varies in frequency as the sound Table 2. Select the pickup pattern that is best suited to the acoustic conditions.
varies in pitch, it can be easily ampli-
fied to perform almost any job we de- Table 3. The final choice will be determined by the quality desired and application.
sire, from driving a loudspeaker or
making a tape recording to vibration - APPLICATION
APPROX.
PRICE RANGE OMNI-
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
II- UNI DIFFERENTIAL
-
testing a full -sized ship! DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL
Not all microphones generate a volt- Low-cost
home record -
SS .030 Crystal
Ceramic
Crystal
Ceramic
age directly. Some types change a di- ing, P.A. Dynamic
rect current to one which varies and is Magnetic
controlled by the movement of the High-quality 030. $70 Dynamic Ribbon
horn. record- Dynamic
microphone diaphragn. This allows us ing, P.A.
to obtain an output voltage across a High noise $15 - $35 Crystal Carbon
Dynamic
level and Ceramic
resistor in series with the microphone. Mobile Carbon
Microphones which fall into the class Dynamic
Magnetic
of true voltage generators are the $50- over Dynamic Ribbon Dynamic
Professional
crystal, ceramic, dynamic, ribbon, and recording, 0300 Capacitor Ribbon
magnetic. All generate a voltage which Broadcast Capacitor

36 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 While Rochelle salt crystals permit FRONT coil which also acts as the diaphragm.
the construction of quite low -cost and The ribbon must be extremely compli-
high -level microphones, this material ant since its area is small, yet it must
has some disadvantages. Its composi- respond to very small sound pressures.
tion is two molecules of water of crys- This high compliance becomes a prob-
tallization to every molecule of Ro- lem when the ribbon microphone is
chelle salt. Additional moisture from used outdoors since wind will cause the
high humidity or evaporation of the ribbon to flutter, resulting in high -
water of crystallization from high heat level, undesirable noise. This limits
causes a breakdown of the crystal the use of the ribbon microphone to in-
structure and a useless microphone. door applications where good results
Given reasonable care in the cool cli- can be obtained.
mates of the northern hemisphere, In operation, sound waves actuate
crystal microphones usually last for a the ribbon just as they do the dia-
good many years. What is more, spe- phragm in a dynamic microphone.
cial protective coatings are sometimes Since the ribbon is suspended in a
applied to the crystalline element to strong magnetic field, it passes through
help it resist the effects of moisture magnetic lines of force as it moves for-
and humidity. But in tropical or semi- ward and backward. The voltage thus
tropical countries, where heat and BACK
generated is taken off the ends of the
humidity are common, the same type (A) ribbon which are, of course, insulated
microphone may last only a few weeks FRONT from the magnetic structure.
or perhaps even only a few days. 90 °-
Leaving a crystal microphone in an Magnetic Generating Elements
automobile in the summer with the Fig. 5 shows the structure of the
windows closed may cause damage. magnetic generating element, some-
Because of this problem, most micro- times called the variable- or controlled -
phone manufacturers have recently be- reluctance element. Here the dia-
gun substituting barium titanate cer- phragm drives an armature which is a
amic elements for Rochelle salt. Un- part of a magnetic circuit. As the arma-
like the early crystal elements, the ture moves, it varies the magnetic field
ceramic material is not affected by ex- passing through the coil. The fluctuat-
tremes of temperature and humidity. ing voltage generated in the coil is
In addition, its cost is low, permitting taken off at its output leads.
its use in inexpensive microphones. The magnetic microphone enjoys sev-
Construction of ceramic microphones is eral advantages. First, its output is
identical to that of the crystal micro- relatively high -comparable to that of
phone shown in Fig. 1. While the out- a crystal type. It is rugged, inexpen-
put level is slightly lower than the crys- sive, and will usually withstand rough
tal, it is sufficiently high to operate handling. Balanced against these ad-
most standard audio equipment. vantages is the disadvantage of limited
BACK
Dynamic Generating Elements (81
range response which makes this type
element most useful in low -cost appli-
The construction of the dynamic Fig. 7. (A) Omnidirectional and (B) bi- cations.
element shown in Fig. 4 will be fa- directional microphone pickup patterns.
miliar to anyone who has examined a possible the first high -quality micro- Carbon Types
cross -sectional diagram of a dynamic phones in the early thirties. These Probably the most common of all
loudspeaker. When sound strikes the early microphones have been drastic- microphone types is the simple carbon
diaphragm, the voice coil attached to ally improved since that time and to- microphone (Fig. 6) as this is the mike
the diaphragm moves forward and day's small, attractive ribbon micro- used in conventional telephone hand-
back through a strong magnetic field phones have little resemblance to their sets. In this type, a moving diaphragm
formed by the magnet structure. The heavy, bulky predecessors. exerts more or less pressure on a small
signal thus generated is taken off While wide -range response can be "button" or container of carbon gran-
through the voice -coil leads and fed achieved with ribbon elements, use of ules. When a low- voltage d.c. source
into an amplifier. this type microphone is somewhat re- is connected to the button through a
Use of Alnico V magnets produce stricted. As Fig. 3 shows, the generat- series resistor, the current is made to
output levels almost on a par with ing element consists of an extremely vary in accordance with the changes of
those obtained with average crystal thin, corrugated aluminum ribbon sus- resistance of the carbon granules. This
microphones. Development of non- pended in a magnetic field. Electrical- variation is in step with the sound
metallic diaphragm materials has made ly, this ribbon can be considered as a pressure changes exerted on the dia-
possible greatly extended frequency single turn of a straightened -out voice phragm. thus we have converted the
response and extremely rugged con-
struction. A well-designed dynamic Fig. B. (A) Cardioid and (B) line -type unidirectional mike pickup patterns.
microphone, for example, can be soaked FRONT
90'- FRONT
by rain and dried out with no ill effects. 90
It can even be used to drive nails with-
out damage to anything but the finish
of the microphone case.
Since the generating elements them-
selves can be built compactly, dynamic
microphones may take the form of tiny
lavalier microphones worn on a neck
cord as well as the larger, high -quality
slim studio microphones. Cost is rea-
sonably low although it does exceed
that of crystal microphones.
Ribbon Microphones
BACK BACK
Ribbon generating elements made (A) (B)
September, 1960 37

www.americanradiohistory.com
sound waves into an electrical signal. microphone in the late twenties was that this unit can be built to furnish
Because of the limited frequency re- the first improvement over early car- very wide frequency response, particu-
sponse and noise generated by this type bon microphone designs and provided larly in the miniaturized types. The
of element, its use is restricted to voice much better quality. This element inherently rising response (increasing
communications and then only when (Fig. 2) does not generate a voltage output level as frequency increases) of
intelligibility of speech rather than directly but merely converts a direct some of these types gives a "presence"
high- quality reproduction is required. current fed to it into one which alter- which has made it popular for pro-
This type of microphone has a very nates or varies in accordance with fessional recording applications. Its
high output level so that it does not sound -pressure waves impressed on the popularity, however, has been limited
need the preamplification required for diaphragm. This means that each ca- by its high cost and the development of
most other types. In addition, the car- pacitor microphone must have its own high -quality dynamic types.
bon microphone is extremely rugged. power supply, adding cost to an al- Pickup Patterns
ready expensive assembly and increas-
Capacitor Microphones ing chances for equipment failure. The second step in choosing a micro -
The development of the capacitor An advantage, however, is the fact (Continued on page 76)

Cover Story phone. When one speaks into this mike, the provide a uniform cardioid pattern at all
moving -plate diaphragm vibrates in accord- frequencies.
ance with the sound. This varies the capaci- The microphone that is third from the right
tance, and therefore the charging current, in (D) is a hand -held carbon mike. This unit, the
the grid resistor of the cathode- follower. A rep- Turner SR -90R, is designed mainly for portable
ELECTRONICS wö ïó lica of the audio signal at the grid, but at a
slightly lower level, is obtained at the cathode.
communications equipment. The mike is suit-
able for voice frequencies only, having a fre-
This signal is fed through RC networks (in the quency response from 200 to 4000 cps. The
F power supply unit) for various low- frequency diaphragm, backed by a small container of
roll -offs, if desired, then to a microphone carbon granules, and the external contact as-
transformer that connects the audio signal to sembly are all built as a single self -contained
the output cable. cartridge. This cartridge, incidentally, appears
Second from the left (8) is an example of to be identical with the microphone cartridge
a hand -held ceramic microphone, the Asiatic used in the ordinary telephone. When the
333. This mike is an inexpensive (about $II) diaphragm is vibrated by speech, it changes
unit suitable for home recording and p.a. sys- the resistance of the carbon granules as they
tems. The manufacturer rates the frequency are alternately compressed and released.
response from 30 to 12,000 cps. Another When a low -voltage d.c. source is connected
model, the 331, using the same housing but a through a load to the mike, the resultant cur-
differently shaped diaphragm. is limited to rent then varies in accordance with the speech.
voice frequencies from 300 to 5000 cps. This The microphone is a low- impedance device
latter model is useful for communications, with an impedance value of about 80 ohms. A
Citizens Band applications, and paging. In spring -loaded, push -to -talk switch is included
our cover photo, the grille and upper part of in the metal housing. Price of the mike is
the housing have been removed to show the around $16.
metal diaphragm. Cemented to the center of Second from the right (E) is the Norelco
the back surface is a small linkage that en- Model EL3752/01 dual- dynamic stereo micro-
gages one end of a 1/2" long x 1/16" wide phone. This mike, designed mainly for home
ceramic bar, fixed in position at its other end. stereo tape recording, consists of two separate
MANY of our readers have used or are When sound waves strike the diaphragm, it moving -coil elements that are mounted at
acquainted with some of the microphones vibrates. This bends the ceramic bar and, be- right angles to each other in a single light-
shown on our cover this month. True, the cause of its piezoelectric properties, an audio weight plastic housing. The directivity of each
mikes are usually protectively housed so that voltage is generated. The voltage is now ready element is a cardioid, and because of the
their "innards" are not visible, but we thought to be applied to a microphone preamp for mounting, one element responds mainly to
it would be interesting to partially disassemble amplification. The ceramic microphone, like sounds originating at the left and the other
some examples of the various types to see the capacitor mike, is a high- impedance de- responds to sounds at the right. The move-
what they look like. We have chosen mikes vice. Mikes of this type are also made with ment of the diaphragm- mounted coils in the
that are used for mobile communications, Rochelle salt crystalline material ( crystal mikes) fixed magnetic fields generates audio signal
home recording, professional recording, broad- instead of the ceramic element (barium titan - voltages as previously described. Directly at
casting, and public- address system applications. ite) employed in this unit. The slide switch the centers of the front housings of the two
Included are examples of capacitor, ceramic is spring -loaded in the Model 331 and has an microphone elements are mounted two small
(or crystal), dynamic, carbon, and ribbon extra set of contacts in order to provide push - transformers. These step up the low impedance
types. to -talk operation as well as a power-switching of the moving coils to about 25,000 ohms for
At the extreme left (A) is a capacitor mi- function. use in high- impedance circuits. The stereo
crophone of professional qualify, the Sony The third microphone from the left (C), the mike retails at about $40.
C -37A. This mike, which sells for just under Electro -Voice Model 664, is a dynamic (mov- At the extreme right (F) is a ribbon micro-
$300, may be adjusted for either a unidirec- ing -coil) type with a cardioid directivity pat- phone with the outer grille removed. This
tional (cardioid) response or an omnidirec- tern. This mike, designed mainly for high - mike, the Shure Model 300, is a unidirectional
tional response. According to the manufac- quality public- address system installations, sells type suitable for broadcast, recording, and
turer, the frequency response is within ± 2 db for about $50. The manufacturer specifies a high -quality p.a. system installations. Its cost
from 20 to 18,000 cps. The mike's diaphragm frequency response from 40 to 15,000 cps. In is around $70. The manufacturer quotes a fre-
is a special plastic film, one side of which is order to show the special ribbed diaphragm quency response of ± 21/2 db from 30 to
coated with a thin film of gold that forms the and moving coil, we have removed the grille 15,000 cps. The black rubber horn at the
movable plate of the capacitor that generates screen, retainer grille, filter, and magnetic front of the mike directs the sound energy
the audio signal. A fixed electrode behind the shield screen that normally enclose the front toward a sensitive metal ribbon suspended
diaphragm is the capacitor's fixed plate. Our of the microphone. The moving coil fits in the vertically between the poles of a magnetic
photo shows the movable gold plate clearly, circular air gap of a permanent- magnet struc- structure. When this ribbon is caused to vi-
along with the wire that connects the fixed ture, in principle much like an ordinary PM brate in the intense magnetic field, a voltage
plate to the mike's cathode -follower preamp speaker. When sound causes the diaphragm is generated across the ribbon terminals.
directly below it. The built -in preamp is re- to vibrate, it moves the coil that is immersed Openings covered with a blue cloth material
quired to convert the very high impedance of in the intense magnetic field. As a result, an near the back of the structure terminate the
the capacitor mike into a much lower imped- audio voltage is generated which is applied backside of the ribbon and maintain proper
ance (200 ohms) so that long lengths of out- to the primary of a built -in microphone trans- response and directivity of the microphone.
put cable can be used without a loss of highs. former. This transformer steps up the normally Because of the extremely low impedance of
Also, since the capacitance of the mike is so very low impedance of the moving coil to the ribbon, a built -in step -up transformer at
low, it must be operated into a very high im- either 150 ohms for low- impedance circuits or the base of the mike is used to provide an
pedance for good low- frequency response. The to a much higher value for high- impedance
output impedance of 50, 150, or 250 ohms,
cathode- follower, a 6AU6 tube, obtains its circuits. Openings in the mike's case serve to
admit sound through three internal passages depending on the position of the built -in
power from a separate power supply which -3Ö
also supplies polarizing voltage to the micro- to the rear of the diaphragm. These are to switch. (Cover Photo: Bob Loeb)
38
ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Dr. Theodore H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories studies the laser's
main parts. These include a light source (a special photoflash -like spiral
tube) which surrounds synthetic ruby crystal rod through which excited atoms
are stimulated to produce an intense beam of coherent, single- frequency light.

EDITOR'S NOTe: The principles of op-

eration of this new experimental, lab-
oratory device are similar to those
employed in the maser except that the
laser operates at frequencies that are
A Light Amplifier
in the visible light part of the electro-
magnetic spectru. instead of the mi- An optical maser which amplifies light by means of
crowave region. In the case of the
maser, the ruby crystal is supercooled stimulating atomic radiation within ruby crystal.
to just a few degrees above absolute
zero, and a microwave oscillator sup- for industrial, chemical, and medical frequencies. This optical energy ex-
plies the pumping signal needed for purposes. By communicating on the cites the atoms to a higher energy
operation. The laser operates at room
temperature and the pumping signal frequencies of visible light, there would state from which the energy is re-
is supplied by a photoflash-like tube radiated in a very narrow band of
high- intensity light source. For com- be a large number of channels avail-
plete details on the operation of the able that are not currently in use for frequencies. The excited atoms are
maser, which has now progressed to communications. coupled to an optical resonator and
practical use outside of the labora-
tory, see our lead article on this sub- Most of the applications of the laser stimulated to emit the radiation to-
ject in a forthcoming issue. stem from the fact that the device is gether, rather than individually and in
able to generate "coherent" light. The random, as in ordinary light sources.
smaller the portion of the electromag- Small mirrored surfaces at both ends
A RECENT press demonstration, netic spectrum over which any particu- of the long, thin ruby crystal keep the
Hughes Research Laboratory scien- lar source generates energy, the more light energy bouncing back and forth
ATtists showed for inspection a new coherent is the source. Previous long enough for the proper interaction
solid -state electronic device that can sources of light energy, such as incan- to occur. Small pinhole openings in
be used to amplify light. The device, descent lamps, are "incoherent" sources the mirrored surfaces permit entry of
smaller than a water tumbler and con- since they simultaneously generate the light that is to be amplified and
taining a rod of synthetic ruby, is an energy over a relatively large part of emission of the amplified light at the
optical maser or "laser" (from Light the spectrum. R.f. sources, on the other end.
Amplification by Stimulated Emission other hand, are very coherent. The Because of the coherence of the gen-
of Radiation). Some possible future laser then is used to generate single - erated light, perfectly parallel, needle -
applications of the light amplifier in- frequency light, much like an r.f. car- sharp beams could be generated less
clude its use as a scientific tool for rier, but in the visible -light portion of than one-hundredth of a degree wide.
investigating properties of matter and the spectrum. What is more, this beam would not
for performing basic experiments of In operation, a light source, in the spread or scatter as does ordinary
physics. The device will also permit form of a powerful flash -tube lamp, ir- light. As a result of such concentra-
focusing of light into high- intensity radiates a synthetic ruby crystal which tion, extreme brightness and intense
beams for space communications and absorbs energy over a broad band of local heat would be produced. -2-
September. 1960 31

www.americanradiohistory.com
 High-Intensity Sound System
Acoustical engineer at Stromberg- Carlson makes preliminary test -at low
power -of big array of loudspeakers destined for Wright Air Development,
Ohio. There they will be a key part of a large high- intensity sound system
being used in studies of the physiological effects of high-intensity sound.
Each of a pair of high -power amplifiers feeding the speakers has an output
of 7000 watts, over the entire audio range. Every one of the 32 separate
speaker baffles mounts 3 woofers and 12 tweeters.

Recent
Developments
in
Electronics

Punch -Card -Controlled Rolling Mill

Over -all view of the rolling area in U. S. Steel's new
Chicago structural mill which is capable of turning out
250 -foot beams and bars at the rate of one every 19
seconds. To achieve this production rate, a G -E drive
and control system speeds 5 -ton slabs of hot, raw steel
through the mill at rates approaching 20 m.p.h. The
specially engineered control system uses punched -card
data to automatically direct all operations in the mill.
A total of 43 operations are automatically controlled and
sequenced by preselected data stored on punched cards
and fed into the control system by static logic elements.

New Tube -Aging Machine

Operator loads miniature tubes for radio and TV sets
into this new aging machine developed by RCA Electron
Tube Div. This device, capable of aging 2000 tubes per
hour, has been placed in operation in the company's
manufacturing plant in Cincinnati. Aging is a process of
operating tubes for a short time under controlled condi-
tions to improve stability and performance. This assures
greater uniformity and quality. The operator inserts
tubes into sockets which are conveyed through the com-
plete aging schedule and automatically removed from
the machine.
40 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 .r. !::.(:aX:t_,'...

Fast Computer- Converter

The engineer shown below is inspect-
ing electronic, component-loaded car-
tridge of Raytheon's new compact ana-
logue-to-digital converter. Said to be
about 50 times faster than any similar
unit now on the market, the new con-
"Ten -Pin" Tubes
Samples of Sylvania's new "Ten -Pin"
tube are shown at the right. This is
a new construction in miniature re-
ceiving tubes which combines multiple
circuit function in a single bulb or
envelope. The new design should sub-
VV
verter pours out two and one -half mil- stantially reduce chassis designing
lion samples of information per second. costs by simplifying circuitry and
It is less than a cubic foot in size. In wiring. The "Ten -Pin" utilizes the
spite of the high speed, accuracy re- regular 9 -pin base arrangement of the
mains high -one -half per-cent of full conventional miniature envelope with
scale. Among other tasks, the convert- an additional pin centered in the pin
er-computer combination can measure circle. First tubes to incorporate the
stress or strain of an airplane wing. new design are a double -tetrode for
As the wing stretches, an analogue use as an r.f. amplifier and oscillator -
signal is produced that is then con- mixer in FM tuners and receivers; and
verted into more usable digital form. a triple- triode for use as an r.f. ampli-
Converters can also ride inside missiles fier, oscillator -mixer, and a.f.c. control.
to convert environmental data to dig- The new tube design is intended for
ital form for easier transmission to use in both entertainment as well as
monitor stations. V industrial applications.

All- Transistorized Computer

IBM engineers make final performance
checks on a new all- transistorized
data -processing system prior to its
formal acceptance by Texas Instru-
ments. The computer, installed in a
special glass -enclosed, environment -
controlled area of 1300 sq. ft., consists
of 22 units with a total weight ex-
ceeding 17 tons. It is the first fully
transistorized data -processing system
delivered to private industry. The com-
puter will add or subtract 17,000 five -
digit numbers per second; can "re-
member" instructions stored in half a
million ferrite memory cores and put
this information to work in 6 micro-
seconds. It can also read magnetic tape
at a rate of up to 62,500 characters per
second. V

Transistorized Flight- Performance Recorder

A transistorized, lightweight flight -performance tape recorder
developed by Minneapolis -Honeywell is shown here installed
aboard a company plane for demonstration to the FAA. Data
obtained can be used to determine when maintenance is required
and the type of maintenance needed. V

September, 1960 41

www.americanradiohistory.com
A
NEW NDesign and installation of variable bass control to supply
up to 33 -db boost at 40 cps for very low -level listening.

APPROACH Requires only one additional pot, resistor, and capacitor.

By

TO HERMAN BURSTEIN HENRY C. POLLAK

LOUDNESS
COMPENSATION
IT IS generally agreed that the provide within a few db. Moreover, the or more bass boost might overload the
Fletcher- Munson effect -the ear's bass control as an instrument for following stage, particularly at high
decreasing sensitivity to low fre- achieving loudness compensation has volume levels. Moreover, if so much
quencies when volume is reduced- ne- the advantages of simpler operation bass boost were applied at high volume
cessitates bass boost when the listen- and being able to tailor the bass boost level, either intentionally or accidental-
ing level is below that of the original to the individual's specific hearing ly, this might blow out the speaker.
performance. But there is no agree- characteristics. Variable Bass Control
ment as to the best method of supply- On the other hand, the bass control
ing such boost. may fall down in two respects. (1) If What we really want, therefore, is
An article by one of the authors' volume is reduced more than 30 db, more available bass boost only at low
pointed out the difficulties of the loud- as may occasionally happen, the con- levels, that is, when the gain control
ness control, which is often employed trol ordinarily can no longer provide is turned down. This can be termed a
to automatically supply increasing bass enough bass boost to overcome the variable bass control. And we want
boost as volume is lowered. In brief,
they are: (1) complex operation, in-
volving constant resetting of the level
Fletcher- Munson effect. (2) If some
bass boost is used for other purposes
for example, to compensate for room
- this extra bass boost without substan-
tially increasing cost and with no in-
crease in noise and distortion. We
control (sometimes accessible only characteristics, speaker characteristics, would like to eat our cake and have it.
from the back of the control amplifier) bass deficiency in the program sources, Fortunately, all these desiderata can
so that the loudness control will op- the listener's preference as to bass - be had through a very simple and
erate in the correct range for program treble balance, etc. -there may not be economical circuit, shown in Fig. 1A.
sources of different volume levels; and enough boost left to also take care of As stated in the previous paragraph, it
(2) departure of individual hearing the Fletcher- Munson effect at very low can be called a variable bass control,
characteristics from the Fletcher-Mun- listening levels. because at any setting above mid-posi-
son curves, which represent a group The occasional inadequacy of the tion it provides an increasing amount
average and usually are the basis for bass control could be overcome if it of bass boost as the gain control is
the frequency characteristics of the provided something like 30 db or more turned down. The circuit operates at
loudness control. bass boost at the extreme low end no expense in gain, so that an addition-
The same article pointed out that rather than the conventional 15 to 18 al stage is not required. The extra bass
the bass control can generally provide db of emphasis. But this raises other boost is derived directly from the gain
sufficient bass boost to cope with the problems. For one thing, additional sacrificed by the volume control. In
Fletcher- Munson effect in most situa- bass boost is achieved by attenuating other words, some of the gain given up
tions. That is, volume is seldom re- the rest of the audio range, which through the gain control is retrieved
duced more than 30 db below the orig- means loss of gain. To restore the orig- at low frequencies, thereby achieving
inal performance level and, in the case inal gain of the control amplifier might bass boost.
of a 40 -cycle note-about the lowest well require another amplifier stage, The circuit can be incorporated in
frequency commonly encountered in entailing more cost, more bulk, and new or existing equipment. In the case
music -this would require about 19 -db perhaps more distortion and noise, of existing equipment, it would be nec-
boost, which most bass controls can which tend to increase with each addi- essary to replace the pot in the bass
tional stage. Another problem is that control circuit with a pot of the same
r
Burstein, Herman: "Is a Loudness Control
Necessary RADIO k TV NEWS, July. 1958. the availability of as much as 30 db value and taper but permitting the ad-
42 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 dition of a ganged control, namely R, +5 RI50K
in Fig. 1, so that both will be operated RI2oK
o
by a single shaft. RI qK
To help explain the circuit, Fig. 1B -5 I

shows it in slightly different form and AI

with R, omitted. For simplicity, the 410
1.50K
series combination of R,a and R. is /RI 20K
+5
termed R. The arm of R, is assumed
to be positioned so that R2. is 245,000
o
ohms and R.8 is 5000 ohms. R,. and R RI.10K
form a voltage divider. At high fre-
quencies, C is a virtual short-circuit to le)
ground, so that the output voltage is -RI 50K
determined by the ratio of R to R + R2.. RI. 20K
RI. 0
At the lower frequencies, however, C is
not a short -circuit to ground. As fre-
quency decreases, the increasing react-
ance of C causes a larger portion of the
input voltage to appear across the out- RI 2.5K
put terminals. The upper turnover fre- -5
quency, where the reactance of C IC)
equals R, is 260 cycles, and there is a +25
RI 50K
3 -db rise in output at this point. Out-
+20 R 20K
put continues to rise with decreasing
frequency owing to the rising imped- +15
RI 10K

ance of the output leg of the voltage

divider. However, when the reactance +10
of C equals R1 + R, the bass boost ap-
proaches an end. At this lower turn- +5
over frequency, bass boost is within 3
db of the maximum attained; the maxi- o
mum boost of course is equal to the in- 1.2.5K
put voltage. The greater the ratio of -5
R,. to R, the greater is the total bass 20 100 (RC.
FREQUENCY -CPS
OKC. 20KC

boost; also, the higher is the frequency (0)

at which boost commences. Fig. 2. Effect of R, upon response when the gain control is set for various degrees of
It can be seen that bass boost is due attenuation at 1000 cps as follows: (A) -10 db, (B) -20 db, (C) -30 db, (D) -40 db.
to the role played by C. If C were to
be shorted, then no bass boost would longer bypassed, so that it can intro- which the bass control is turned clock-
occur; instead there would be the same duce extra bass boost. The amount of wise of mid -position. Each figure shows
attenuation for all frequencies. Re- extra bass boost produced by C depends the effect of R. for a given setting of
turning to Fig. 1A, we can now under- upon the extent to which it is bypassed the gain control. These settings repre-
stand the role played by R,. When by R,. The more the bass control is sent volume reductions of 10, 20, 30,
the bass control is at mid- position or above mid-setting, the greater is the and 40 db at 1000 cycles.
below (counterclockwise), R,, which is resistance of R,, the smaller is its by- Fig. 2A shows that when volume is
ganged with the bass control, is at a passing action, and therefore the great- reduced 10 db, very little extra bass
minimum and effectively bypasses C. er is the extra bass boost due to C. boost is produced, even when the bass
Hence there is no extra bass boost due At the same time, the amount of control is all the way up and therefore
to C. As the bass control is turned extra bass boost depends upon the posi- R, is at maximum resistance, permit-
above mid -setting (clockwise), C is no tion of the arm of R,. The lower the ting maximum extra boost. At 40
setting of the arm, the greater is the cycles, only about 1 db extra boost is
ratio of R,. to R (see Fig. 1B), and obtained. In such a situation, namely
Fig. I. Variable bass control circuit is therefore the greater is the potential with volume reduced only 10 db, it is
shown at (A). (B) Equivalent circuit extra bass boost. However, this po-
is indicated with resistor R, omitted. to be expected that the conventional
tential can be realized only if the bass bass control will be perfectly able to
INPUT
R2. RESISTANCE
ABOVE ARM
control is clockwise of mid-position, so cope with the various factors requiring
R2
250K
that R, does not effectively bypass C. bass boost.
GAIN
CONTROL
The purpose of R. is to limit the fre- When volume is reduced 20 db, more
OUTPUT
quency at which bass boost commences than 5 db extra boost can be had at 40
LOG TAPER, REACNING 5% 5K
R0
(3 db rise) at very low settings of the
OF RESISTANCE 12 5.1 AT cycles. When volume is decreased more
50% OF CLOCKWISE ROTA-
TON (ARM MOVING DOWNI; / R2, RESISTANCE
gain control. R. in conjunction with than 20 db -which is when the con-
OR PREFERABLY A MADE -
70.ORDER POT WITN ZERO BELOW ARM
R.e and C keeps the upper turnover ventional bass control may become in-
RESISTANCE UNTIL 50 % RO-
TATION C
frequency below 1000 cycles until the adequate to the tasks it faces -copious
POT IN CONVENTIONAL BASS-
R4 gain control is turned practically all amounts of extra bass boost become
CONTROL CIRCUIT, NO BASS the way down. The value of the gain available. When volume is reduced 30
BOOST OR CUT AT MID -
POSITION BASS BOOST AS control, R2, is chosen so that it will be db at 1000 cycles, 40 cycles can be
ARM MOVkS DOWN
NOTE: RI ANO R4 GANGED, REPRESENT THE VARIABLE BASS
suitable in most control amplifiers, that boosted an extra 11.5 db; assuming
CONTROL is, low enough not to produce a signifi- that the conventional bass control can
(A)
cant high frequency loss in conjunction supply 15 db boost, this makes 26.5 db

i
INPUT
R2A

245K
5

IK
R2a

RS
ARM OF POT

RBK
OUTPUT
with the input capacitance of a high -
mu triode (typically a 12AX7) follow-
ing the control. On the other hand, the
250,000-ohm value of R. is high enough
not to load down the typical preceding
stage apt to be encountered.
Effects of Control
boost in all. When volume is reduced
40 db, 40 cycles can be boosted an extra
18 db, or a likely 33 db in all.
If still greater amounts of extra bass
boost are desired than indicated by the
graphs of Fig. 2, this can be achieved
by simply decreasing the value of C,
.Iw C
causing boost to commence at a higher
Figs. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D show the frequency. Values between .025 i f. and
effect of various values of R,, these .1 µf. appear to be practical, serving to
le)
values depending upon the extent to (Continued on page 104)
September. 1960 43
 1NIC®a.asturoXICILt3ML
By TOM JASKI

This widely used processing technique involves

many electronic technicians in industrial work.
+16 10.0 M No OH
and cold. We can withstand other un-
IO M No OH
usual environmental conditions or com-
+14 pensate for them (such as using sup-
O.1 M Nat CO3
plementary oxygen at very high alti-
+12 STRONG
BASES tudes). However, there is little that can
NORMAL BODY FLUIDS be done rapidly to counteract a pH
+10
WEAK BASES that has gone awry. If our pH goes up
+8 NEUTRAL 1 H2O (22 °C1
`/H2O1100 °C)
from its normal, slightly base (alka-
line) point, we've had it.
ú+6 0.01 M ACETIC ACID
Small wonder then that pH meas-
urements are used in any industry
+4 DIM MCI dealing with articles that human be-
WEAK ACIDS
10M MCI
ings consume, wash in, smear on them-
+2 selves, or feed to their pets. We find it
10.0 M HCI
used anywhere from water -supply sys-
0 STRONG ACIDS tems, to sewage-treatment plants, to
-2 bakeries.
I I I I 1 .
Only electronic techniques are sensi-
tive enough to measure pH -at least
I I I I

I0-e 10 -2
10 -12 10-10 10-6 I0 -4 102
10" lo-ls
HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION, MOLES H+/LITER where any sort of convenience or rea-
The pH factor logarithmic function of hydrogen -ion concentration. sonable speed is required. Chemical ti-
Fig. I. is a
tration (adding one drop at a time of a
neutralizing solution to a liquid being
IF YOU ARE an electronic technician Fig. 2. Glass (left) and calomel ref-
(right) electrodes by Beckman. tested) is a long, slow process, although
who has moved over into industrial erence
it may actually be somewhat more ac-
work, you may encounter a mysteri- curate.
ous instrument called a pH meter. This The term pH is actually a ratio for
encounter may take place if you are the concentration of hydrogen ions in
in the food industry, the oil industry, a solution. Specifically, pH = log
the paper and textile industry, a chem- 1
ical or cosmetic plant, a medical labo-
ratory, or a biological research center. H ion concentration, in moles/liter.
What is it, why do we use it, and how The liter, metric unit of capacity, is
does it work? equal to approximately one quart. The
The pH factor is the yardstick for "mole" is a popular abbreviation for
measuring acidity or alkalinity, par- the gram molecule. A gram molecule
ticularly of liquids. This happens to be is that quantity of any element or com-
an extremely important measurement. pound which has a weight (in grams)
because human and animal life is pos- equal numerically to its molecular
sible only within a very narrow range weight. The molecular weight of a sub-
of pH for the body fluids. Excess stance is the number of times its mole-
acidity leads to coma and death. Ex- cule is heavier than a molecule of hy-
cess alkalinity can cause convulsions drogen, whose molecular weight is 1.
and, eventually, death. To take a specific example, the mo-
We can protect ourselves against lecular weight of oxygen is 32. Thus
such extreme forces of nature as heat a molal (gram-molecular) solution of
ELECTRONICS WORLD
44

www.americanradiohistory.com
oxygen would be one in which every pletely insensitive to H' ions in a solu- woy IMPEDANCE POTENTIAL
liter of liquid would have 32 grams of tion. The two electrodes are shown di- MEASURING INSTRUMENT
CALIBRATED IN pH UNITS
oxygen dissolved in it. agrammatically in Fig. 5, and the ac-
The reason the mole is used is that tual electrodes are shown in Fig. 2.
it always contains the same number of Now the glass electrode is such a
molecules, whatever substance is in- complicated device that whole books GLASS
ELECTRODE
y, II CALOMEL
REFERENCE
ELECTRODE
volved. If a substance is heavy (has have been devoted to its theory of op- PLATINUM WIRE
molecules that weigh more), we use a perations; so we will not try to explain MERCURY

proportionately greater number of it here. Just remember that between

grams. When a substance is light (has the outside solution, which is the solu- MERCURY-

"lighter" molecules), we use fewer tion to be measured, and the inside CPALSTTEL

grams, keeping the number of mole- "buffer solution" (usually hydrochloric

cules the same. A mole always contains acid) a potential is created proportion- BUFFER
SOLUTION
SATURATED
KCI
6.06 X 10' molecules, as a matter of al to the number of H' ions in the MERCURY
fact. This makes the formula for de- former. Also note that the calomel CALOMEL GLASS WOOL
fining pH pretty sensible, for all it says electrode is so saturated with ions that
is that we want to know how many it is completely insensitive to outside
hydrogen (H') ions are floating about ion changes, but that it always pro-
in a given quantity of solution. duces a potential of .282 volt at 22 de-
The pH chart of Fig. 1 shows that grees C. The temperature is impor-
this factor is a logarithmic function of tant, because the potential changes ASSESTOS
FIBER
hydrogen ion concentration (horizontal with temperature and we must always
axis). Actual pH numbers were estab- either compensate or correct for this pH SENSITIVE GLASS BULB
lished arbitrarily, with the value of 7 when reading pH.
Fig. 5. Cut -away shows details of
being assigned to absolutely neutral Now if we use some sensitive in- the glass and reference electrodes.
water (which is not practical to strument to measure the potential be-
achieve). Above this number we have tween the glass electrode and the trode, even with a good v.t.v.m. This
a base, or alkaline solution; below this reference calomel -potassium chloride would, in fact, actually damage the
number we are dealing with an acid. (KCI) electrode, when both are dipped electrode. It would "polarize" in the
The lower the number, the stronger into a solution whose pH we want to same way as a battery does under
the acid; the higher the number, the know, we will read a voltage propor- heavy discharge, and would become
stronger the base. A strong (10-molal) tional to the H+ ions less the voltage useless for days until it recovered.
solution of hydrochloric acid (HCI) of the reference electrode. The glass We must use an instrument with
is shown at one extreme of the scale, electrode has extremely high internal very high input resistance. as well as
with a strong solution of lye (sodium resistance, on the order of 100 meg- a sensitive one. Such an instrument is
hydroxide, NaOH, pH of 15) at the ohms or more. We cannot measure the called an electrometer. It is a specially
other extreme. potential with an ordinary instrument, designed v.t.v.m. with no resistance
Note that the range of pH in which for we would virtually short the elec- from grid to cathode, except leakage
life can exist is extremely small, slight- over the very special vacuum tube
ly base. Note also that we may have to used, something that can be measured

v..
20 MEG.
in the thousands of megohms.
Fig. 4 shows a special pH measuring
6
3 MEG.

SCREEN-
- 3A
instrument designed by Beckman. Fig.
GLASS
932 BIAS 22.SV. 3 is the schematic diagram. But, since
S-IA this is a bit cluttered, let's look at Fig.
I.V.
s r S-IC SELECTED
8, which is a simplified diagram show-
PH ing the basic action with all the re-
iMV.
s-20
39a n -MV, finements left out. Here you can see
OFF.
-1 4SB an a bridge type of circuit to provide a
40 °C
,2
TEMP
A PPROX
2411
Son precise voltage for the tube. This volt-
ADJ age is connected in opposition to the
ID°C
STD input voltage from the electrodes. Thus
153/1
T- CELL
when the bridge voltage is adjusted to
2K
3V.
a0A CC
13pH
9911 200 pH 2 ¡S-2C
pH SLIDE 2E20
-MV. WIRE S-ID IK
SER DRUM
OFF,) C OFF. 1.2
111-15, OpH
Goon
I W. 9Hn

OFF,)
L
S-2B

measure, for strong bases, a very small

number of ions. We must measure Fig. 3. This circuit meas-
down to about 10-'5 mole, or only about ures voltage difference
10,000,000 ions in the solution. Now if between electrodes with
you consider that we could not put an electrometer. Latter
enough zeros on this page to write out is a sensitive v. t. v. m.
the total number of molecules in a liter with very high input R.
of water, you can see that this must
indeed be a sensitive measurement.
Our means to this end is a very good
electrode, called a glass electrode, Fig. 4. This Beckman pH
which is sensitive to the number of H+ meter includes a voltage
ions in a solution. We compare the bridge and a sensitive
measurement we get from this glass electrometer (circuit of
electrode with a standard, which we Fig. 3) in addition to the
two external, test elec-
call the calomel (mercurous chloride) trodes shown mounted on
electrode. The latter electrode is com- the door's inside panel.
September, 1960 45

www.americanradiohistory.com
 0 2 4 6 8 IO 12 14
ml ri .r.r f,
1
I

exactly the same voltage provided by tional to the direct current input.
the external electrodes, not even grid The change on the glass electrode is
current for the small vacuum tube can approximately 59 millivolts per unit of
flow, the meter will show null (plate pH. Thus to measure pH within the
current is kept down by the applied range of the values suitable to human
bias), and so the glass electrode has life, which is .2 unit of pH (7.3 to 7.5) ,
no load on it. This is important for we need measurements covering little
accurate measurement. more than 10 millivolts full scale.
Now, looking back at Fig. 3, you can This is well within the range of the
quickly distinguish some refinements instrument shown. Temperature com-
to this basic circuit. There we see tem- pensation is still needed, and we will
perature compensation (the 24-ohm use the same type of bridge circuit to
Fig. 7. This General Electric continu- obtain the "bucking" voltage for the
control), and a variable resistance (50 ous recorder charts pH level changes.
ohms) to compensate for battery volt- electrodes. However, in the continuous
age drop (which is of course important I.oV
kind of measurement we would use a
to accuracy). We also see a standard more rugged voltage source, such as a
cell which is used to check the battery well regulated power supply, and for
voltage. In the MV position of switch temperature compensation a separate
S,, the instrument is set up to compare temperature bulb (Fig. 9) is also im-
battery voltage. The temperature ad- mersed in the liquid being tested. The
justment control is graduated in de- bulb then would automatically perform
grees; it is set after the temperature is the function of the manual tempera-
read separately on a thermometer. ture- adjusting potentiometer in Fig. 5.
Note that in the MV position the in- Output from the amplifier drives the
strument is also usable for the meas- recording assembly through a servo-
urement of very small voltages. motor.
The slide -wire scale (99 ohms) is Accuracy of the continuous kind of
graduated in small pH units. Thus recording would, in all probability, be
when we have balanced the bridge per- less than with the electrometer instru-
fectly for battery voltage and temper- ment, but it would have the advantage
ature, we then connect our two elec- that at least we would detect changes
trodes and null balance for these with in pH readily, and we could trace back
the slide-wire drum. Now we can read in time to see when such changes occur.
pH directly on the calibrated slide-wire Fig. 8. Basic electrometer circuit to This would give us a clue as to what
scale. The meter is connected to the read voltage with negligible loading. part of the process caused the changes,
electrometer tube through an added and allow adjustments or corrections
cathode- follower stage, instead of be- ess. For this we would add some sort of to be made.
ing shunted across the electrometer continuous recorder, like the instru- Service on pH instrumentation will
stage, since otherwise the low meter ment shown in Fig. 7. The diagram for seldom concern the electrodes. Cracked
resistance would shunt the vacuum- this type of unit is given in Fig. 6. This electrodes cannot be mended, and must
tube plate load resistor. Note that the is a sensitive recorder by virtue of an be replaced; indication of cracked elec-
bias is obtained from the 3 -volt fila- integral, high-gain a.c. amplifier. trodes is given when the electrode fails
ment battery, and adjusted by means Although the small voltage we wish to respond to a known "test" pH
of the 1000 -ohm potentiometer. to measure is a d.c. potential, we can change. The manufacturer usually rec-
Accurate as this measuring instru- use an a.c. amplifier because the input ommends that new electrodes, which
ment is, it is not very convenient for a circuit of the instrument is provided are made from extremely thin glass, be
processing situation. In the latter, we with a chopper. The latter may be de- soaked in water for some time before
will very likely prefer to have a means scribed as a precision vibrator or d.c.- being placed in service. This has to do
of continuously recording the changes to-a.c. inverter. Because of its accu- with initial changes in the electrode,
in pH which may occur during a proc- racy, the a.c. output is reliably propor- (Continued on page 130)
TO SERVO MOTOR

Fig. 6. Circuitry for the

General Electric recorder
r--- =----- )1)
(Fig. 7) used to keep a
Ia
------151
continuous record of vari-
ations in fluid pH level.

070K

TI
.022 .001
1

A 117V.

POWER
SOURCE

7K
5

RCU,
GROUND

ELECTRONICS WORLD
46

www.americanradiohistory.com
 THOMAS EDISON, trying to improve from a living brain, or listening to sig- sufficient capital could move ahead into
his incandescent lamp in 1883, noted nals from outer space, or designing an diverse areas that were not before
that electrical energy seemed ca- industrial control system-or still do- practical, opening new opportunities.
pable of crossing a gap between two ing well at repairing home radios plus Since mid -1959, for example, RCA has
conductors -a hot filament and a posi- a host of other appliances including TV made a commitment of some $800-mil-
tively charged plate -in a vacuum. sets, auto radios, hi -fi equipment, and lion to be invested in the next five
Why this "Edison effect" occurred or Citizens Band gear. Still growing, this years in computers. Others, such as
how it could be used was not under- gigantic industry has already become Philco, Burroughs. National Cash Reg-
stood. Some 13 years later, Sir J. J. the fifth largest in the U.S.A., with an ister have also entered this area or are
Thomson provided clues, involving the estimated annual revenue approaching about to do so. According to Golan,
flow of electrons, in his investigations $15- billion and employing more than this is just one example of how "the
and conclusions concerning the elec- 1,700,000 men and women. field suddenly explodes into new facets,
tron theory. Then, in 1907, Lee de with newly created job openings for
Forest found a way of controlling this Are There Openings? qualified personnel," even where the
electron flow in a vacuum tube by in- Impressive as the size of this "task supply of trained people seemed ade-
troducing a grid. force" is, we are often told it is inade- quate a short time before.
The last event triggered a series of quate for present assignments and Throughout the field and its many
developments which, as history views anticipated expansion -not always in ramifications -of which computers, ul-
such things, rapidly projected the world terms of available numbers but (per- trasonics, nucleonics. automation, and
into a new era, the age of electronics. haps more important) in terms of so on are only a few -there is, of
From Edison's modest observation, specific skills and training. course, difference as to what consti-
electronics has become, in little more electronics undeniably offersThus, while
tutes "qualified personnel," how much
than two generations, a complex and market, it often is a selectivea vast job
market, they can earn, and how far they can go.
pervasive area of science and technol- particularly with respect to advance- Different types of operations, different
ogy, comprising many fields, "sub - ment and the better paying jobs. products and services. sometimes dif-
fields," and combined fields that cut the same reason, of course, For
across, up, and down through virtually what competitive-although, itatis some-
ferent parts of the country all add up
to create exceptional dips and peaks in
all fields of endeavor in all parts of the job levels, the jobs themselvesthe top any "average" or "normal" line of de-
world. It has furnished us with prod- compete for the man. often
velopment. Nonetheless, and keeping
ucts our grandparents could only have In any case, electronics is one of the possibility of exceptions in mind, it
dreamed about (or could not even have the best career -potential fields today. is feasible to describe something of a
dreamed about) from miniature hear- According to a recent study made by pattern as regards training, jobs, sal-
ing aids to space ships. It has involved David L. Golan, a leading employment ary levels, and advancement.
large numbers of people in many ways. consultant and head of Stevens Associ-
There was a time -within the mem- ates, N.Y.C., its horizons Details and specifics are listed in
ory of most of us -when the "man in ly changing to present neware constant- the accompanying tables, based largely
electronics" was a fellow down the of the results, for example, vistas. One
of a recent
on the recent Golan- Stevens study and
other industry sources. As indicated,
street who fixed radios. Today a "man Supreme Court decision involving pat- the entire field of electronics, from a
in electronics" may be testing critical ents and design development was to
metals, or using a 200,000 -power micro- place a number of designs into public job standpoint, can be classified in
scope, or measuring miniscule voltages terms of positions requiring relatively
domain. As a result, companies with little technical training; those that re-

Making Your Career

Photo I: Technician stands behind
azimuth alignment theodolite (made
by Perkin -Elmer) at base of Jupiter
missile. Photo 2: Technician for
in
Electronics
Picker X -Ray Corp. radiographically
checks a stainless -steel coating.
Photo 3: A Kearfott technician uses
a test console to check a gyroscope.

By NORMAN EISENBERG
i
Competence in electronics
does not automatically
3 guarantee you brilliant
a

future; but, with wise

judgement, you can find
one of the good positions
to he had on most levels
of technical qualification.

2
September, 1960
47

www.americanradiohistory.com
quire technical training of a specific it is generally the men who take over. times" as a result of periodic fluctua-
nature below the college level; some Promotion in this area may lead to tions or intra- industry undercurrents
with college training, although not line foreman, or assistant foreman, that are tricky to assess. On the other
necessarily a degree; and those which or into quality control. With solid hand, they can be compensated for. For
definitely demand a college degree. mathematical training, plus specialized example, when AM sales went down,
Note that the indicated requirements courses and proven administrative FM sales began to go up. Hi -fi compo-
are for entering a specific job; advance- ability, one could eventually work into nents cut into package sets, and so on.
ment almost always involves additional statistical quality control, a fairly Somewhat less obvious would be peri-
training and study. high -paying type of work. At the odic changes in car radio sales. Here,
quality-control level, you generally the number of sets sold relates directly
Bottom of the Ladder move out of the "hourly rate" class to the number of new cars sold; and
To begin with, let's take the person into the "yearly salary" range, specifi- the latter number follows an apparent
with little or no specific technical train- cally $6000 to $8000. Statistical quali- three -to-four year cycle. Thus, a man
who did very well in 1955 selling car
ing or job experience, but with inter-
est and proven or indicated aptitude
a budding radio ham, for example, or a
- ty control pays up to $10,000 -$11,000 a
year. radios might find his earnings down in
1956 and 1957, but picking up again
Sales and Service in 1958. The sales work field takes.
man who has tinkered with small elec-
tronic construction projects at home. Yet another major area for the un- among other qualifications, a "head"
At the very least, such a person could trained, but talented, beginner would for this sort of anticipatory reckoning

Engineers and technicians, in hearing -aid development for Neither chief of electronic design dept. (left) nor engi-
Sonotone Research Laboratories, are making acoustic tests. neering assistant (right) for M. Ten Bosch has a degree.

start as a trainee or "junior electronic he in sales and service. A newcomer as well as the ability and wherewithal
technician." An example of the kind of might start as an apprentice at the to "ride it out" at times.
job he could get might be, perhaps, bench, under supervision, earning $50 Technical Training
simple wiring and testing under super- to $65 a week. After two years, if all
vision, at a salary of $55 to $70 a week. went well, he should have learned For the technically trained, non -col-
Actually, such a job would constitute enough to warrant a salary of $90 to lege, non -sales -minded person there
an apprenticeship. $100 a week. In time, he could be earn- are other well paying areas. The spe-
Under conditions of normal indus- ing about $125 a week; as a field serv- cific form of training could be that ob-
trial growth, that man could expect to ice technician he might get $150 weekly. tained through a technical school,
earn between $85 and $100 a week after An entry into sales work could be either residence, or correspondence, or
one or one -and -a-half years. With suit- made, perhaps, after two years with a combination of both; a military -
able training (either at an outside the company. Naturally, the corn- service technical school; a company -
school or through in -plant training), he pany's needs and the man's own abili- sponsored school such as those con-
could rise steadily. It is not uncommon ties would have to agree for this to ducted by RCA, IBM, AMF, and others;
to find, after a three-year period, that happen. The sales field, generally, is or through in -plant or on- the -job train-
such a man is designated as "senior tricky and difficult to generalize about. ing. And it could be obtained before
electronic technician" at pad up to Admittedly, in sales, you will find some or during actual employment.
$130 a week, or as "junior foreman" at of the highest paying positions in any The most typical electronic school-
$100 to $105 a week, or even "senior industry. Industrial sales generally ing would give a man a solid grounding
foreman" at $125 to $150 a week. offer higher average earnings than in basic electronic theory and circuits,
Work such as testing or mock -up consumer -product sales, although in- plus laboratory or workbench practice.
wiring, at a higher- than -beginner level, dividuals in consumer-goods sales do, He would become familiar with test
would require that a man have the at times, earn more than industrial equipment as well as some of the main-
ability to visualize things spatially. sales personnel. tenance and operation of practical
Higher positions in this area would In any case, sales work, despite its equipment. The more math he can
require some knowledge of mathemat- well -known returns, can be unstable. absorb during this training, the better
ics as well. On the other hand, another Take, for example, the steady decline off he is likely to be in the long run.
major area of work primarily involves in the sales of specific types of home While math may not be essential to
manual dexterity. This would be in entertainment equipment -notably AM filling a good many jobs successfully
parts and components assembly. In- radios -which, according to EIA fig- at the outset, it may be a requisite for
terestingly enough, many of the jobs ures, went downward after 1948. Also advancement later on. It would be a
requiring so-called manual skills are consider the slow fall in TV set sales "must" in certain fields such as design
being filled -and quite well, too -by after 1956. Often as not, such declines work or advanced jobs involving com-
women, although in supervisory posts are not so much a matter of "bad puters.
48 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 GROUP I
All positions in this group, beyond the beginning level, can be attained by progression within the individual job categories indicated.

JOB TITLE FIELDS LEVEL TRAINING á EXPERIENCE SALARY RANGE

(Annual)
Assembler Manufacturing and production, electronic Trainee High school $ 2600 -3200
components and equipment
Junior H.S. + 6 mos. job experience 2800-3900
Senior H.S. + 2 yrs. job experience 3600-5200
Inspector Same. or experience as sr. assem- 4400-6500
bier, or tech. school grad. + 2 yrs.
Foreman job experience 4400 -6900
Electronic All phases of the industry Trainee H.S. 2500-3300
Technician
Junior H.S. + 1 yr. exp., or some tech- 3100 -4200
nical schooling
(See Group II for further information and higher job levels.)
Laboratory Research and development, private in- Trainee H.S. + indicated or demonstrated 2800 -3900
Technician dustry as well as gov't. and military aptitudes
(See Group II for further information and higher job levels.)
Sales Electronics distributors; retail sales; sales Trainee H.S. + indicated or demonstrated 3100 -5200
divisions of mfrs., etc. aptitudes; science or math interest
preferred
(See Group II for further information and higher job levels.)
Service Components and equipment mfrs.; serv- Trainee H.S. for computer trainee, math, 31C0 -3600
Technician ice organizations; gov't. and military aptitude, and some training pre- (up to 3900
(erred for computer
service
trainees)
Junior Technical school graduate, or on- 3600-5200
the -job training (plus per diem
in some cases)
(See Group II for further information and higher job levels.)

GROUP II
All positions in this group require technical school training, or specialized company courses, or some college training.

JOB TITLE FIELDS LEVEL TRAINING á EXPERIENCE SALARY RANGE

(Annual)
Assistant Electronic equip. mfrs. Junior Graduate of technical school, serv- $ 3000-4200
Engineer ice school, or on-the-job
on- the -job training.
Intermediate Could be upgraded techno- 4200-6000
clan, service trainee, or sr. drafts-
Senior man 6000-8000
Cameraman TV studio Junior Technical School 7500-9000
or other special
Senior training 9000- 12,000
Supervisor 10,000- 14,000 +
Civil Service Government and airways services, mili- Classified by Gov- H.S. + technical training. Various
Specialties tary electronics 4600-13,500
ernment index s s- combinations of job experience and
tern ; for details, schooling possible to qualify for
consult Civil Serv- different positions
ice Commission
Computer Various phases of civilian and military Levels not specified Technical school. or appropriate
Technician, Wiring Production, service, and maintenance 3600-6800
military school. or H.S. + on -the-
job training
Computer As above, plus various business applica- Junior As above
Technician, tions 3300-4200
TAB Operator Intermediate 3900-5200
Senior (Supervisor) 4500-7800
Computer All phases of business and industry, bank- Trainee Tech school or yrs. college; col-
Technician, ing, commerce, consulting work, research 2 4200-5200
lege grad
Programmer and development, etc.
Junior As above 5200-7000
Intermediate As above, plus math. aptitude 6500-9000
Senior College grad with major in math, 8000- 12.500
physics, engineering, or accounting
Designer Manufacturing; research and develop- Junior Technical school; appropriate mili-
ment; some distributors; all production of 4000-6000
tary school; also may be upgraded
parts and equipment; specialized areas, Intermediate from draftsman 5200-8000
e.g. -nucleonics, instrumentation, com-
munications, radar, etc. Senior Engineering degree, or equivalent 7800-12,500
in college -level trng. + experience
Draftsman Same as above Trainee H.S. + mech. aptitude 3200-4200
Junior Technical or military school; or 3900 -4500
from training as above
Intermediate As above 4400 -7000
(Continued on next page) Senior As above 650040,000
September, 1960
49
 GROUP II- (CONTINUED)
SALARY RANGE
JOB TITLE FIELDS LEVEL TRAINING A EXPERIENCE (Annual)
Electronic All phases of manufacturing, service, Intermediate Technical school or equivalent, or 150L6uuii
Technician research upgraded from jr. technician
Senior 5500-7500

Field Engineer Liaison. maintenance for manufacturer, Junior Technical school or equivalent ; also 5000 -6000
or distributor, or military may be recruited from technicians,
Intermediate draftsmen, others 5600 -8000

Senior 7500-9600

Field Maine Equipment mfrs.; military airways; utili- Junior Technical school or selected from 4250 -6000
and Repair ties; computers and business machines technicians
Senior 5500-7500
plus per diem

Foreman, plant Manufacturing (Not applicable) Technical school and generally 4400-7800
specialization in experience

Inspector, parts Manufacturing; research and develop- Junior Technical school or recruited from 4400-5600
and quality ment assembler
Senior 6000-7500
control
Supervisor Some college 6500-8000

Instrument Missiles; Airlines; CAA Junior Technical school 4400-6600

Technician 6000-8000
Senior

Laboratory Test equipment; research and develop- Intermediate High school and technical school. 4500 -6000
Technician ment and with experience at lower level
Senior in category 5500 -7500

Note: can progress to Prototype and Model Maker to 10.000

Radio Operator Airlines; ships; other communications Varies with Technical or company school; FCC 6000-7500+
situation ticket
Radio /TV Trans. Various governmental posts as well as As above Appropriate schooling; FCC ticket 6000- 14.500
mitts,. Engineer commercial broadcasting

Sales Engineer Technical sales at various business and As above Technical school with special prod - 6000- 22.000+
industry levels uct training preferred (too varied to
specify exactly)

Sound Specialist Recording, radio. TV broadcasting Technical school 6000- 10,000

Technician Communications; utilities; airlines; tele- Varies Technical school, sometimes plus 6000-8400
phone company school
Technical Writer Manufacturers; military; communica- Junior Some college, degree preferred 4500-6000
tions; many others
Intermediate 5500-7500

Senior 7200 -9600

Editor 8500- 12,500

(Per diem
sometimes added
in top 3
categories)

Test Engineer Manufacturing Junior Technical school or some college 4600 -6600
plus experience at lower level in
Intermediate category 6000-8000

All positions in Groups I and II, appearing above and on the preceding page, ere open to personnel without college degrees.

A broad academic base in electronics technician, for example, in instru- institute, which may or may not lead
often saves a man years of job ap- mentation, might start at $65 to $85 a to a degree, depending on the courses
prenticeship. It also permits him to week. After a three- to five -year chosen and the needs of the particular
start at a higher level than he could period, he'd be earning up to $125 a study program. Recently, for example,
without schooling. A spokesman for week. If, in the course of his work, he a relatively small company in Brook-
Reeves Instrument Corp. has said that became a specialist at, say, wiring pro- lyn, N. Y., which specializes in micro-
a man with only six months of real totype models, he'd earn $8500 a year. wave research and development, was
electronic schooling is likely to be more Once in this area, he could take ad- looking for a senior electronic techni-
valuable to the company than a man vanced study and eventually find his cian. The salary offered was $125 to
with 18 months of job experience and way into design work, with a salary in $130 a week, plus fringe benefits.
no equivalent schooling.
Not only can the trained man start
at a higher level (what might be for
the five -figure bracket.
An "intermediate technician" could
also use his background and experience
Among the latter were a medical plan
and other conventional advantages
plus sponsorship through a college de-
-
the untrained man an intermediate to qualify for such fields as airways gree in engineering or physics, all ex-
level), but he can move up faster and communications, government monitor- penses paid.
higher, and into more interesting and ing, or general broadcasting. Military Training
diverse fields. Research and develop- The man "moving up" is invariably a
ment, industrial controls, broadcast man "brushing up." Sometimes when What about military service schools?
engineering, and instrumentation are a company finds "its man," it will These provide training similar to that
only a few. A beginning laboratory sponsor his schooling at a reputable (Continued on page 94)
50 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Teleprinter
Sets
Speed
Record
1
f By
RECORDING JORDAN McQUAY
SYSTEM

KEYBOARD
Technical details on world's
fastest message printer that
operates at speeds up to
12,000 words per minute.
POWER
ELECTRONICS SUPPLY New electrostatic printing
SYSTEM techniques are utilized.

Fig. I. Components of the high -speed tele-

printer along with copy prepared by unit.

at high speed using a new technique of

page printing with electronic control.
The electrostatic recording system
produces visible marks on paper in
FASTEST message printer in com- accordance with applied electrical sig-
munications history is a high -speed nal intelligence. Alphanumeric char-
teleprinter that operates at rates up
to 1000 characters per second or
about 12,000 words per minute!
- acters are formed almost instantly, and
in any font or format.
The recording system (Fig. 2) con-
This is 200 times faster than an ordi- sists essentially of a complex recording
nary teletypewriter, 150 times faster KAI ER
unit, an inker, and a fixing roller.
than an average typist, and 75 times The recording unit is composed of a
faster than the average person talks. 72 LOCATION ELECTRODES single row of 72 small printing heads.
Developed for the Army Signal Corps Opposite each head is a location elec-
by the Burroughs Corporation, the trode. Paper passing between the row
teleprinter (Fig. 1) has no type bars or of printing heads and the row of loca-
faces like conventional teletypewriters. Fig. 2. Electrostatic recording system used. tion electrodes is acted upon by one or
It uses a new method of electrostatic more of the printing heads, each of
recording to form letters and figures on Fig. 3. Electrostatic action between the which can produce any letter, figure,
dielectric- coated paper, without the anode and the pin of a single print head. line, or symbol on the paper by elec-
use of chemicals. The only mechanical trostatic action.
motion is the paper -drive mechanism, To illustrate this action, refer to
and even this movement is controlled Fig. 3.
electronically. Each printing head is composed of an
The system is also equipped with a array of pairs of anodes and pins. The
standard keyboard for low -speed man- RANDOM MOVEMENT _/
OF IONS (TOWARD 1
VOLTAGE
GRADIENT pairs are arranged in a 7 x 5 matrix.
ual operation, or for preparing tapes
which later may be fed back into the
LOCATION ELECTRODEI
+
I I

Each anode has its respective pin.

The anode -known as the column
system at much higher operating t LOCATION
ELECTRODE selector-is pulsed by 800 volts. At the
speeds. But its principal feature is its RECORDING. DIELECTRIC
same time, the pin is pulsed by about
ability to receive and record messages
PAPER
1_ COATNG
ON PAPER
(Continued on page 102)
September. 1960 51

www.americanradiohistory.com
 By JAMES R. SPENCER

Explanation of maximum ratings of junction transistors

and how to determine maximum operating capabilities.
verse voltage which may be impressed
Storage Temperature, t. -40 to +65 °C between the emitter and collector with-
Collector -to- Emitter Voltage, Vice -20 volts out permanently damaging the transis-
Collector Current, le -150 ma.
Collector Dissipation at 25 °C Ambient Temperature, Pc 200 mw. tor. The value of this maximum volt-
Junction Temperature Rise (without heat sink), k 0.2 °C /mw. age is usually determined by what
Junction Temperature Rise (with heat sink), k 0.065 °C /mw. is known as punch- through. Punch -
through occurs when the electric field
Table I. Absolute maximum ratings of typical junction transistor used as example. generated by the collector voltage ex-
tends completely across the base re-
NORMALLY transistors are not op- permanent damage. The low- tempera- gion. When this point is reached, tran-
erated at their maximum ratings; ture extreme is usually determined by sistor action ceases and an extremely
however, there are many times cold- induced mechanical stresses which large current flows between the emitter
when it may be desirable to operate a may cause the germanium blank to and collector.
transistor very close to these maximum crack. The effects which determine the The common -emitter output charac-
ratings. An understanding of the inter- high -temperature extreme are not as teristic curves for the transistor given
relationship among the various maxima simple. For example, L., the a.c. para- in Table 1 are shown in Fig. 1. The
is necessary if the demise of many a meters, and the life expectancy of the diagonally hatched area indicates the
good transistor is to be prevented. transistor may all deteriorate with region on the curves where operation is
Manufacturers of transistors supply extended storage at elevated tempera- not possible without exceeding the ab-
specification sheets which provide in- tures. The results of transistor life solute maximum voltage rating of the
formation comparable to that found in tests, however, indicate that life ex- transistor.
a tube manual. Usually after a brief pectancy is an exponential function of The absolute maximum collector
description of the transistor and its the ambient storage temperature and, current is the maximum current which
mechanical specifications, the absolute therefore, the maximum storage tem- can flow through the base -collector
maximum ratings are listed. A typical perature is usually chosen to yield a junction without irreversibly damaging
list of such ratings for a germanium reasonably high life expectancy. the transistor. This value is deter-
p -n -p junction transistor is shown in The storage temperatures also have mined by the maximum current den-
Table 1. The transistor is a medium - the following influence on transistor sity the base -collector junction can
power unit intended for audio-output operation. The transistor case tempera- tolerate. It is a function of base -
applications. ture cannot be below the low-tempera- collector junction area, semiconductor
ture extreme during operation and the material resistivity, and is different
Storage Temperature transistor junction cannot exceed the for each type of semiconductor.
The storage temperatures are the high extreme. Fig. 2 shows the limitations placed
two temperature extremes, low and on the output curves by both the abso-
Maximum Ratings lute maximum collector voltage and
high, to which the entire transistor-
case, leads, whiskers, and semiconduc- The absolute maximum collector -to- the absolute maximum collector cur-
tor blank -can be subjected without emitter voltage is the maximum re- rent.

Fig. I. Collector curves showing limits due to voltage rating. Fig. 2. Limits imposed by collector voltage and current maxima.

cn
EXCESSIVE COLLECTOR CURRENT REGION
IB=-30MA.

IB=-2.5MA. IB=-2.5MA.

EXCESSIVE
COLLECTOR
VOLTAGE
REGION
r o
ó
Ig=-i.eMA.
EXCESSIVE
COLLECTOR
VOLTAGE
REGION
IB.-1. MA.

6=-I.0MA. IB+Ls MA.

IB =BASE CURRENT = -0. S MA IB =BASE CURRENT =- O.5MA.

o
5 IO 15 20 24 O 5 10 IS 2, 25
( -1 VC- (COLLECTOR VOLTAGE)- VOLTS (-)Vc-(COLLECTOR VOLTAGE) -VOL 5

52 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 The product of the two maxima in If the transistor is operated at an
Fig. 2 gives a power rating of 3 watts. CENTIGRADE (DEG.) FAHRENHEIT ambient temperature that is higher
The manufacturer, however, has speci- -40 - 40 than 25 °C, the collector dissipation
fied in Table 1 an absolute maximum -35 - 31 must be derated. For example, if the
collector dissipation of 200 milliwatts -30 - 22 transistor is operated in a sealed
at an ambient temperature of 25 °C -25 - 13
equipment case that also contains op-
(77 °F. See Table 2 for converting centi- -20 - 4
erating vacuum tubes, the ambient
grade to Fahrenheit.) The power dissi- -15 + 5

-10 + 14
temperature may be as high as 122°F.
pated within the transistor and termed
collector dissipation is the familiar PR
- 5
0
+
+
23
32
The maximum collector dissipation al-
lowable for operation without a heat
loss of electrical power which is con- + 5 + 41 sink at this ambient temperature can
verted into heat. The maximum allow- +10 + 50 be determined by a restatement of
able collector dissipation is a function +15 + 59 equation (1).
of the thermal resistance of the junc- +20 + 68
tion and is limited by the maximum +25 + 77
P t - t° (2)
allowable junction temperature. The +30 + 86
maximum junction temperature is the +35 + 95 _ 65 - 50
same as the high temperature limit of +40 + 104 0.2
+45 +114 P, = 75 mw.
the storage temperature ratings dis- +50 +122
cussed earlier. The temperature of the +55 +131 Thus it is possible to operate the tran-
junction is elevated above the ambient, +60 +140 sistor in an ambient temperature of
or case, temperature when the transis- +65 + 149 122 °F provided precautions are taken
tor is operating, due to collector dissi- to limit the maximum collector dissi-
pation. The junction temperature may Table 2. Temperature conversion fable. pation to 75 milliwatts. The limitation
be calculated for any transistor using by the maximum collector dissipation imposed on transistor operation at
the equation: rating, a maximum power dissipation 122°F ambient is illustrated in Fig. 4.
t,= to +kPr (1) area is shown on the collector charac- The relationship between collector
where tT is the junction temperature, teristic curves in Fig. 3. The cross- dissipation and ambient temperature
t. is the ambient temperature, k is hatched area indicates the region on shown in equation (2) indicates the
the thermal drop of the transistor, and the curves where operation at an ambi- possibility of safely operating the
Pr is the collector dissipation. Here ent temperature of 25 °C is not possible transistor beyond the manufacturer's
k is a function of the mechanical de- without exceeding the absolute maxi- absolute maximum collector dissipa-
sign and heat dissipating mechanism of mum collector dissipation rating. (Continued on page 135)

Ig-3.0MA.
Ie.-3.0 MA

Ie-2.5 MA.
Ie=-25MA

Iec-2.0MA. I8:-2OMA
EXCESSIVE COLLECTOR DISSIPATION REGION

EXCESSIVE COLLECTOR DISSIPATION REGION

Ie-1.5ma. g -1 5MA

I. a- LAMA IB-I.OMA.

le BASE CURRENT . -0.5 MA- Ie RAS! CURRENT -O.a MA.

o O
0 5 10 15 20 25 0
( -I VC - (COLLECTOR VOLTAGE) - VOLTS (
5
-) VC- (COLLECTOR
IO 15
VOLTAGE) -VOLTS
20 25

Fig. 3. Limitation imposed by maximum collector dissipation Fig. 4. Limitation imposed by maximum collector dissipation
when transistor is operated at 25° C without using heat sink. when transistor is operated of 50° C without using heat sink.

the transistor. Two values for k are

given in Table 1; one for when the
transistor is used without a heat sink Is -3.0 MA. :i
and the other for when an infinite heat
sink is used. The junction temperature
of this transistor, when operated at the Fig. 5. Collector dis- ¡5.-2.5 MA. EXCESSIVE COLLECTOR DISSIPATION REGION
absolute maximum collector dissipa- sipation limitations
tion specified by the manufacturer, can for operation at an -20MA
be obtained by substituting values in ambient temperature
equation (1): of 0° centigrade with
a heat sink employed.
t, =25 +0.2x200 Compare the region
Ie_ -15 MA
6
t) = 65 °C of excessive collector ó
dissipation shown u
Collector Dissipation I9 -LONA.
here with that ob- JO 0
It can be seen from the above that tained under operat- CI n

the manufacturer has stipulated a ing conditions shown lea CASE CURRENT -05 MA
in the previous figure. u
maximum collector dissipation rating
that will provide safe junction tem-
perature when the transistor is op-
erated at normal room temperatures. o
0 5 IO IS 20 25
To illustrate the limitations imposed (-I VC- (COLLECTOR VOLTAGE) - VOLTS
September, 1960 53
 More efficient and economical business operations
more pleasurable uses of our leisure hours -these
and more are offered by Citizens Radio equipment.

growth of the public communi- power) Any citizen over 18 years old Vocaline Company of America, Inc.
and Stewart Warner Corporation, mar-
TcE
ations network in the United States can get a license; relatively loose tech-
is one of the major reasons for our nical requirements allowed low -cost keted low -cost equipment. An esti-
country's economic strength. We are sets (around $100), but because of the mated 12,000 to 15,000 licenses were
able to communicate rapidly by means power limits and the line -of -sight prop- issued with some 35,000 radios in
of telephones and to bring the public agation characteristics of radio signals service.
up -to- the -minute through broadcast at this frequency, only very short Because of the interest generated by
radio and television. Another means of range is possible. use of the Class B Citizens Band and
communication, personal mobile com- Class C (27 mc., 5-watts maximum other considerations, the FCC re -eval-
munications, is now enjoying tremen- power or 30 watts under certain condi- uated the allocations of certain fre-
dous popularity. tions) This is allocated exclusively for quency bands and came up with two
We have long had two -way mobile remote control of objects (model major changes. One of these was the
radio services for use by police and fire planes and boats, garage doors, etc.). establishment of the Business Band,
departments, and businesses able to Even with the range limitations of with its less strict eligibility require-
show a real need. But the technical the Class B service. two companies, ments for a station license. The other
requirements have been stringent, re- was the setting up of an additional
sulting in relatively high -cost equip- class of station in the Citizens Band,
ment. Then, in 1947, the Citizens Radio the Class D. Such stations operate on
Service was authorized. some 23 voice channels in the 27 -mc.
Three classes of stations were set up. band with a maximum power of 5
These are: watts (plate power input).
Class A (460 -470 mc., 50 -watts maxi- When the Class D Band was first
mum power) This service is used by opened up, some irresponsible manu-
groups not eligible for a license in facturers advertised that their equip-
other services but, because of technical ment could be used as a license-free
requirements, equipment is quite ex- amateur band, just to gab or to see at
pensive, around $700 and up. what distances one could reach another
Class B (465 mc., 5 -watts maximum station, and fill up the airwaves with
ELECTRONICS WORLD
54

www.americanradiohistory.com
 A National Travel Service Frequency for Citizens Bander'
IT WASN'T too long ago, in fact in our February, 1960, is- dressed to specific persons or stations" except in an emer-
sue (page 8) that ELECTRONICSWORLD suggested the desir- gency situation.
ability of having specific channels assigned for use by The FCC, in a letter to Vocaline Company of America,
those interested in marine applications of Class D Citizens Inc., clarifies the regulations as they would apply in this case
Band equipment. It would be rather foolish if every boat as follows: "Section 19.61 does not mean it is necessary to
owner were left on his own to choose a channel out of the address the persons ur stations by call sign or by name in a
23 available. Chaos would result, and communication be- situation of this type. Accordingly, it is permissible for a
tween boats and marinas would be utter confusion. Partly licensee of a Class D station to direct a transmission to any
as a result of our editorial, but more likely because of the motel, gas station, or garage within a particular limited
wholehearted cooperation of everyone concerned with the area, as long as the privilege is not abused. It is empha-
operation of CB equipment, channels 9 and 13 were chosen sized that the procedure most clearly indicates that it is
for marine applications. The use of these frequencies, of not a general call to any or all stations hearing that trans-
course, is not compulsory, but it is the hope of everyone in mission, and the transmission must be adequately specific
the industry that these channels will be accepted on a volun- to indicate the station or stations desired even though
tary basis so that a more efficient use of this new band will the names and call signs of the stations involved are not
result. known." The transmission should be made in the following
Because of the enthusiastic support from the marine field, form: "This is 1W0000 calling any motel in the (specified)
it became obvious that a similar arrangement should be set area. I am located at and require accom-
up for use by tourists, when traveling on our highways, to modations for the night. Can you advise if you have an
call motels, service stations, or to call for any form of help opening and, if so, the best route to follow."
under emergency conditions. Channel 15 (27.135 mc.) was Since no further obstacles remain, Channel 15 is now
thought most desirable, and it is to be referred to as the to be used as a "National Travel Service Frequency." Plans
"National Travel Service Frequency." The thought did are being formulated to bring this to the attention of all
come up that there might be a possibility of violating sec- motor clubs, motels, service stations, and emergency serv-
tion 19.61 (g) of the FCC rules and regulations for Class D ices. Once again, the industry has shown leadership in try-
operation. This rule prohibits "any transmission designed to ing to make the Class D Citizens Band an effective and
elicit a response from random or unknown stations," and re- useful means of communication. As in the marine field, the
quires that the transmissions from a Class D station "be ad- use of this channel is not compulsory. s30-

...-r-`
$

11. .'-

unnecessary conversation. This was been rewarded in that there are 110,000
contrary to what Congress and the stations licensed at this writing.
FCC had in mind for the new Citizens There are three basic types of equip-
Band. The rules have recently been ment available: (1) Vacuum -tube mod-`'
restated to more clearly indicate what els for base station and mobile, at $40
was intended. Communications on the to over $200 per unit, for use at the
Citizens Band must fill a specific need, control location (house, office, con-
and this it can certainly do. struction shack) as well as in the car,
The rules of use can be summed up truck, or other vehicle. The average
briefly. Any citizen over 18 years of range from base to mobile station is These are shoulder-carried, with sepa-
age or any business organization about five to ten miles. These units rate microphone, weighing around 8
owned and operated by citizens may have the maximum allowable plate in- lbs. with batteries. Transistorized re-
obtain a Class D station license. No put power of 5 watts and are provided ceivers and tube transmitters are corn -
operator's license is needed, and this for operation from 117-volts a.c. or 6- mon, with about one watt of power.
means no tests or examinations. Use is or 12 -volts d.c. Some equipment can be Range is about 3 miles and a station
limited to the transmission of substan- used on either a.c. or d.c. just by license is required.
tive and purposeful messages, of either changing the line cord. (2) Small port- There are 23 voice -channel frequen-
a personal or business nature. Hobby - able models, at $100 to $170 per unit. cies in the Class D Citizens Band. A
type or radio- amateur type of com- These are completely transistorized, station license does not limit the oper-
munications are prohibited. hand-held sets with built -in micro- ation to one or a limited number of
In the two years since September, phone, weighing from 8 oz. to 4 lbs. frequencies as is the case in some other
1958, when the Class D Band became a Power is less than one -tenth watt and radio services. This is of distinct
reality, and the present, over fifty the range is very limited, up to perhaps advantage if a given area becomes
manufacturers have put Citizens Band one mile. Not even a station license is crowded with many systems on the
transceivers on the market, indicating required if these little portables are same frequency because it is only nec-
a knowledge, at least on the part of used with one another and not with a essary for the owner to change his
manufacturers, that a tremendous po- bigger licensed set. (3) Larger port- channel of operation to a less congested
tential market exists. Their faith has able models, at $200 to $300 per unit. frequency.
September, 1960 55

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Use of two -way radio has required, pass road information back and forth complete unless the liabilities are also
between cars. mentioned. There are two major dis-
and always will require, patience on the advantages to use of the Class D Citi-
part of the user. There are only so Although the above indicates some
legal pleasure uses for the Citizens zens Band, or any other service for that
many frequencies available for com- matter that operates on frequencies up
munication and this results in a "party - Band, its prime function is in aiding
the operation of a wide variety of com- to 50 mc. The first is "skip," in which
line" situation. Users of any radio radio signals are reflected back to earth
service are bound to have other sta- mercial enterprises. All businesses
tions operating on the same frequency. that use trucks, cars, tractors -any ve- by the ionosphere. These signals are
hicle -can put the Citizens Band to received a thousand miles or more
This will result in interference. This away by someone who couldn't care
should not pose too serious a problem good use.
How many times has the driver of a less. This effect is sporadic and should
since most messages should take less not seriously hamper the use of the
than a minute and the great majority service vehicle arrived back at the shop
only to find that he had another call he band. Patience is required at times,
are only five to ten seconds long. but users will usually find some other
could have made a mile from where he
Applications was and 10 miles from the shop. All people on their channel locally.
It is not necessary to have a business types of services are in this category, The other disadvantage is the elec-
or commercial reason for using the oil delivery and furnace maintenance, tro-mechanical and atmospheric noise
Citizens Band. For example, one of the radio and TV service, refrigeration and that is created between 20 and 30 mc.
largest uses is in pleasure boating. The other appliance services, rural sewage This is overcome in several ways and
range over open water is from 5 to 40 maintenance, and so on. Then there brings us to receiver design considera-
miles depending on the quality of the are laundry and dry cleaning pick -up tions and eventually to relative equip-
set, the noise suppression of the en- and delivery trucks, ready -mix con- ment cost. Although differences in
gine, and the antenna installation. If crete, sand and gravel trucks, and transmitter efficiency and type of mod-
you have a cottage on or near the shore other similar services. ulation account for variations of up to
of a body of water, you can use the In addition, CB equipment can be perhaps 40 per -cent in transmitter out-
Citizens Band to let your wife know used in the control of construction put ( the FCC limits the power input to
that the fishing is good and you're go- equipment, cranes, bulldozers, and 5 watts), the major dissimilarities in
ing to stay out another hour, or you trucks; tractors, trucks, and combines performance between one manufactur-
ran into Charlie and you're on your on large farms; lift trucks and other er's unit and another are the result of
way over to his house for a beer, or you yard machinery at industrial plants; receiver design.
ran out of gas and want her to send real- estate salesmen's cars; mainte- Receiver Design
someone out. You can talk to others nance equipment on golf courses, ceme-
who have sets in their boats to find out teries, and parks; and crop dusting, Many Class D channels are spaced
where the fish are biting, where to exterminating, small town taxis, and only 10 kc. apart. If a receiver does
rendezvous, what sea conditions are, local trucking. not have a high degree of selectivity
and so on. Professional use of CB gear is also (ability to receive only what it is sup-
It has been suggested that Channel suggested for doctors in rural commu- posed to), the user will hear stations
13 (27.115 mc.) be used as the non- nities and veterinarians with a large - transmitting on adjacent channels.
commercial marine frequency. All animal practice. School buses have This can be extremely disconcerting.
clever marina operators will probably been equipped with Citizens Band ra- Further, the ever -present noise gener-
monitor this so that boat owners will dios in rural areas for safety and con- ated in this frequency will appear along
always be able to call for their facili- venience during snow storms or if with the signal to a degree that re-
ties or other information. Because breakdown occurs. quires a relatively strong signal to
many boats and marinas are presently Auxiliary police and volunteer fire override the noise.
equipped with sets and many thou- departments use Class D equipment for The degree of sensitivity (ability to
sands more will be by next season, a primary or supplementary communica- respond to a weak signal) now becomes
certain degree of safety is afforded. tions; county road maintenance crews a factor. As you get farther away from
However, the Coast Guard does not use it to speed up operations and help the station you want to reach, your
monitor the Citizens Band and any re -route traffic. transmitted signal becomes weaker.
boat operating in coastal or Great But why the Citizens Band? Why The better the receiver's sensitivity,
Lakes waters should be equipped with not the Business Band? Most commer- the farther you will be able to go be-
a regular marine radiotelephone so cial enterprises are eligible for a Busi- fore losing the other station.
that the Coast Guard may be sum- ness Band license but many thousands If the inherent noise suppression
moned should help be necessary. cannot afford the higher priced equip- built into the receiver is inadequate,
If your car and house are equipped ment. Most do not need the few extra good selectivity and sensitivity are of
with Class D radios, you can let your advantages of a somewhat greater little value. Fortunately, good noise
wife know you are stuck in traffic and range and partial protection from in- suppression usually goes hand -in -glove
will be late, or you can ask her if she terference that the Business Band with a highly selective and sensitive
wants you to stop at the store. Families offers. circuit, but not always.
travelling together on a vacation can No discussion of this type would be When a receiver is turned on, every-
thing that is picked up by the antenna
Table of the channels and corresponding frequencies that may be used in Citizens Band. is applied to the receiver, noise as well
as signal. The various tuned circuits
CHANNEL FREQUENCY CHANNEL FREQUENCY begin eliminating the unwanted noise
26.965 mc. 12 27.105 mc. and signal as they amplify the desired
13 27.115 mc. signal. But there is always some resid-
2 26.975 mc. ual noise and, unless there is some-
27.125 mc.
3 26.985 mc. 14
thing to quiet the noise, an operator
27.135 mc.
4 27.005 me. 15
can find it annoying. "Squelch" is the
5 27.015 mc.
16 27.155 mc. name given to the circuit that keeps
6 27.025 mc.
17 27.165 mc. the receiver completely quiet until a
18 27.175 mc. wanted signal arrives. To be of real
7 27.035 mc. value, the squelch must "open" to a
19 27.185 mc.
8 27.055 mc. 20 27.205 mc. signal as weak as the receiver can use.
9 27.065 mc. 21 27.215 mc. It is also helpful to have the squelch
IO 27.075 mc. 22 27.225 mc. variable so it can be adjusted to the
li 27.085 mc. 23* 27.255 mc. desired level of signal strength to be
received.
Shared with Class C radio -control and not recommended for use in Class D Band. (Continued on page 90)
56 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Radio Aids to Aircraft Navigation
By FRANCIS A. GICCA
Senior Engineer, Raytheon Co.
/ Description of two widely used electronic systems that
will allow a pilot to perform a safe instrument landing.

IN THE previous articles of this series known as "TVOR." All short -range and landing during poor weather con-
we discussed the three systems of navigation aids are designed to guide ditions without visual reference to the
long -range aircraft navigation which airplanes within about 25 miles of the ground. ILS also helps reduce the
allow a pilot to guide his airplane be- airport where terminal navigation can length of time aircraft must be held
tween distant cities. These three sys- begin. aloft during periods of traffic conges-
tems: radio ranges, direction finding, Instrument landings should be called tion by speeding up instrument ap-
and VOR, can make long -range navi- instrument approaches since terminal proaches.
gation almost automatic. As a matter navigation does not actually land an The standard ILS navigation system
of fact, there are several aircraft auto- airplane. Rather, terminal navigation consists of three separate navigational
pilot systems which operate with ADF allows an aircraft to make a low in- aids combined to provide a sharply de-
or VOR bearings and actually keep a strument approach to the end of the fined radio path to the end of the in-
plane on course automatically. How- runway and, if the runway comes into strument runway. These three aids,
ever, the most exact enroute naviga- sight without exceeding specified the "Localizer," "Glide Slope," and
tion is of no avail unless a landing can minimum conditions of ceiling and "Marker Beacon," combine to provide
be successfully completed at the desti- visibility, a normal landing can be ex- lateral and vertical guidance to the
nation. This final article will describe ecuted. In general, these instrument runway as well as positive radio fixes
the two widely used systems of ter- landing minima are ceiling 1000 feet,
: along this approach. The transmission
minal navigation which allow a pilot visibility 3 miles. If the weather causes and reception of each separate element
to perform a safe instrument landing. airport conditions to be below these of the ILS navigational system will be
Before an instrument approach and minima then a landing is not legally discussed individually and then corn -
landing can be performed, it is obvious possible, even with radio aids, and an bined in order to study the over -all op-
that an airplane must first be guided alternate airport with acceptable eration of this unique system of ter-
away from its long -range enroute weather must be used. minal navigation.
course and on a course which leads the Two systems of terminal navigation The "Localizer" portion of ILS pro-
airplane to the vicinity of the terminal are in widespread use in the United vides a beam course for horizontal,
airport. Most low- frequency radio - States today. These are ILS and GCA. left -right, guidance. It is similar to
range stations have been so located ILS allows an instrument approach by the low- frequency radio ranges in that
that one of the four courses lies di- reference to cockpit instruments alone. it provides a horizontal radio range
rectly over the instrument runway of a GCA, on the other hand, requires no course oriented along the direction of
nearby major airport. An airplane fly- cockpit instrumentation since all navi- approach. Fig. l0A shows a simplified
ing along this on- course radial will gation equipment is on the ground. The block diagram of a typical ILS Lo-
thus fly right over the airport and can airplane needs only a functioning v.h.f. calizer transmitter. A 200-watt v.h.f.
receive terminal navigation signals to transmitter and receiver in order to transmitter operating in the 108-112
perform an instrument landing. maintain contact with the GCA con- mc. band broadcasts the range signal.
Likewise, ADF beacon and VOR sta- troller. In the low- frequency radio -range sys-
tions are located so that airplanes fly- tem, position away from the on- course
ILS signal is marked by an off -course
ing along a specified radial will be
guided over a major airport. In high The ILS (Instrument Landing Sys- Morse Code signal which is audibly
density areas where several major air- tem) of terminal navigation was de- noted. Obviously, such a system would
ports exist it would be impractical to veloped during World War II in order not be suitable for marking the Local -
locate long -range navigation stations to enable properly equipped aircraft izer course since aircraft position
so that all airports are covered. In this to make a safe instrument approach should not depend upon a pilot's ability
case, each airport maintains its ówn to hear deviations from on-course when
short -range navigatioin station designed PART his airplane is so close to the ground.
to guide airplanes to its vicinity. ADF Small deviations from the Localizer
beacons are widely used by airports for course at low altitudes could cause a
this purpose. Such beacons will guide disaster. The on-course signal, there-
airplanes to the airport area but not fore, must be coded in a manner that
necessarily along a radial which lies allows deviations to be electronically
along the instrument runway, due to detected by an aircraft receiver and
wind -drift effects. Since VOR in- displayed on an appropriate cockpit
herently eliminates the wind-drift meter.
problem, VOR is also used to navigate Terminal Instrument Navigation Fig. l0A shows how the on- course
airplanes to the instrument runway. signal is coded. The v.h.f. carrier pow-
Such terminal short -range VOR is (ILS & GCA) er is fed to two independent amplitude

www.americanradiohistory.com
 mounted on a mast are used to trans-
mit the Glide Slope signal. The upper
dipole beams the 90 -cycle modulated
signal upwards and the lower dipole
beams the 150-cycle modulated signal
downwards. The beam formed by the
overlapping of these two signals is in-
clined at between 24 and 3 degrees to
the end of the instrument runway and
ILS localizer transmitter shack. The localizer array inside the building is an thus forms a vertical glide path that
8- antenna linear array. Two ant , which are placed close together in the will lead aircraft down to the end of
center, radiate the modulated carrier signal, and the other six loops are placed the runway. The actual angle chosen
symmetrically on either side to form the necessary horizontal localiser course. depends upon the nature of the ter-
modulators where the carrier is 20% Glide Slope is almost identical to that rain beyond the runway.
amplitude modulated by 90- and 150- of the Localizer, that is, position from Fig. 11B shows that the typical Glide
cycle signals. The modulated Localizer a vertically inclined beam which inter- Slope receiver is also similar to that
signal is then applied to a broad hori- sects the end of the runway is deter- used for receiving Localizer signals.
zontal antenna array which transmits mined by measuring the relative ampli- However, the Glide Slope receiver is
tude of 90- and 150 -cycle coding signals. used only for reception of u.h.f. Glide
the Localizer signal. The 150 -cycle Slope signals whereas the Localizer
modulated signal is beamed to the Glide Slope transmitters broadcast
in the u.h.f. band of 328.6 to 335.4 mc. v.h.f. receiver is also used for com-
right of the runway centerline while munications and VOR navigation. De-
the 90-cycle modulated signal is and radiate a maximum power of 20
tected Glide Slope coding signals are
beamed to the left of the runway cen- watts. Fig. 10B shows a simplified block
terline. As in the low- frequency radio diagram of a Glide Slope transmitter. separated by two 90- and 150 -cycle
ranges, these two signals overlap in a As in the Localizer, the u.h.f. Glide tuned filters. The signals are then
narrow beam along the centerline of Slope carrier is amplitude modulated rectified and used to deflect an up-
the runway. Along this beam both to about 48% in two modulators by 90- down meter. If the 150-cycle signal is
signals will be received with equal in- and 150-cycle coding signals. Two stronger than the 90 -cycle signal, the
tensity. To the right of the runway the simple horizontal dipole antennas up -down meter will deflect upwards in-
150 -cycle modulated signal will be dicating that the aircraft is below the
stronger while to the left of the run- Glide -slope transmitter shack and antenna sys- glide path and the pilot must execute
way the 90-cycle modulated signal pre- tem. Note the two dipole radiators on pole. a climb until the meter is centered.
These are placed at different heights and are
dominates. Because of the extremely moderately directive horizontally. The lobing
directional characteristics of the v.h.f. of the two antennas in the vertical plane dif-
antenna array used, the horizontal fers because of different heights, end the
beam -where both signals are equal in glide -slope course is formed by the ¡unction
intensity -is extremely narrow. Thus, of the lower lobe of the lower antenna and
position from the Localizer centerline the two lower lobes of the upper antenna.
can be simply determined by measur- The angle of the resultant course is con-
ing the relative intensity difference be- trolled by antenna heights. Signals above
glide slope have mainly 90 -cps modulation,
tween the 90- and 150-cycle signals de- while those below glide slope have mainly
tected by a v.h.f. receiver. 150-cps modulation. A third (modifier) an-
Fig. 11A shows the simple receiver tenna array maintains the glide slope per-
used to detect and display Localizer fectly straight to the touch -down point. WHITE AMBER PURPLE
signals. The v.h.f. receiver is generally AIRWAYS MIDDLE OUTER
the same receiver that is used for v.h.f. MARKER MARKER MARKER

communication and reception of VOR Fig. 9. Marker- beacon receiver.

signals since these also lie within the
108 -127 mc. receiver band. Following Since the glide path angle can be as
detection of the 90- and 150-cycle on- small as 2% degrees from the horizon-
course coding signals by the receiver's tal, the Glide Slope indication must be
audio detector, these signals are sepa- extremely sensitive to small angular
rated by tuned filters. The separated position errors since an error of only
signals are then diode detected in order a couple of degrees could cause a seri-
to produce two d.c. voltages propor- ous crash. For this reason, an angu-
tional to the received strength of the lar error of less than half a degree
90- and 150-cycle coding signals. A will cause full-scale deflection of the
left -right meter is connected between Glide Slope up -down meter.
these two d.c. voltages so that it indi- Localizer and Glide Slope indications
cates the difference between them. are often combined in a single cockpit
Thus, if the 90 -cycle signal is stronger panel meter which may also include a
than the 150 -cycle signal, its d.c. volt- VOR course selector thereby central-
age will be larger -which will cause izing most navigation functions in a
the left -right meter to deflect to the single indicator. The Lear Model 4087
right. This indicates that the airplane indicator, used in the NAVCOM 100
is to the left of the runway centerline navigating system, is typical of such a
and a corrective turn to the right multiple indicator.
should be executed until the meter is By following the lateral and vertical
centered. The indicator is so sensitive guidance provided by the Localizer and
that an angular position error of less Glide Slope transmitters, a pilot can
than two degrees will deflect the meter perform an accurate instrument let-
off- scale. In most aircraft installa- down to the end of a runway. How-
tions, the left -right meter used for ever, horizontal and vertical guidance
Localizer indications is the same meter alone is not sufficient for a safe instru-
used by the VOR converter. ment landing for it is vital that a pilot
The "Glide Slope" portion of ILS also know his relative position along
provides a second beam for vertical, the approach path. Unless this addi-
up -down, guidance. Operation of the tional information is provided, it is en-

www.americanradiohistory.com
 CABIN
SPEAKER

RIGHT
106-112 MC. 90+

DETECTED LEFT -
AUDIO METER
RIGHT

ANTENNA TO vOR CONVERTE 150-

ARRAY

A A

UP
METER
DOWN

B
Fig. 10. (A) Localizer and (B) glide -slope transmitters. Fig. II. (A) Localizar and (B) glide -slope receivers.

tirely possible for an airplane to run way and generally serves to mark the dashes. Middle Markers are located
into the ground at the end of the run- point at which a descent should begin. about 3500 feet from the end of the
way because the pilot did not know he Outer Markers are amplitude modu- runway.
was so close to the ground and could lated with a 400 -cycle continuous tone A Marker Beacon receiver may con-
not see the runway. True, the aircraft and keyed continuously with 2 dashes sist of a 75 -mc. r.f. amplifier and audio
carries an altimeter, but unfortunately per second. The Outer Marker is lo- detector feeding a cockpit loudspeaker,
an altimeter is not sufficiently accurate cated between 4 and 7 miles from the or it may incorporate circuitry which
since it is sensitive to barometric pres- end of the runway. automatically separates the identifying
sure weather changes and furthermore The "Middle Marker" (MM) Marker modulations and indicates type of bea-
tends to lag true altitude during a de- Beacon generally marks the point at con on a cockpit indicator. Most Mark-
scent. Therefore, a more accurate, or which descent should cease if the run- er Beacon receivers used by light air-
"positive," fix must be provided. The way is not in sight. Middle Markers craft rely upon the pilot to audibly
"Marker Beacon" portion of the ILS are amplitude modulated with a 1300 - identify the Marker Beacon Morse Code
system provides this position fix. cycle continuous tone and keyed con- identification. That is, if the pilot
A "Marker Beacon" is simply a low - tinuously with alternating dots and hears a succession of dots and dashes
powered v.h.f. transmitter whose radia-
tion is sharply beamed upwards to Fig. 12. Simplified ILS approach chart for San Francisco's Oakland Airport.
form a flat cone-shaped vertical beam
above the station. When an aircraft OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL
passes over a Marker Beacon station AIRPORT ILS APPROACH CHART
the signal is received and the pilot then
knows he is directly over the station.
Thus, appropriately placed Marker
Beacons along the approach path indi-
cate an aircraft's position on the path.
LOCALIZER
GLIDE SLOPE
- 109.9 MC.
-333.8 MC.

There are three different types of

Marker Beacons. All operate on a fre- OAKLAND
quency of 75 mc. and all radiate about INTNL

two watts of power. The first type of OAKLAND VOR

beacon, known as an Airways Marker 116.8 -OAK OUTER
MARKER
Beacon, is used to provide long -range VOR TO HAYWARD
B.4 MILES, 093 DEG.
BCN

navigation fixes. These airways bea-

cons are located along airlanes and pro-
vide positive location on long flights.
Airways markers are identifiable be-
cause they are amplitude modulated
with a 3000-cycle continuous tone and
are keyed continuously with 6 dots per
second. At some airports, the airways RATE OF DESCENT
marker is also used as a runway KNOTS* FT. /MIN. PATH
boundary marker and is located about 90 460 L
250 feet from the approach end of the MM OM HAYWARD
100 515
instrument runway. 110 565
The two remaining types of Marker 130 665
275
Beacons are used exclusively for ILS 150 770 2600 FT
230 FT
approaches. The "Outer Marker" *TRUE GROUND SPEED
GLIDE SLOPE ANGLE
(OM) Marker Beacon, as its name im- .0--4
plies, is located farthest from the run- 2 - 54' RUNWAY .6 3.5 MILES 1 MILES

September. 1960 59

www.americanradiohistory.com
 airports and summarizes the operation
of the complete ILS system. Light air-
planes generally do not use the com-
plete ILS system because most small
plane owners cannot afford the luxury
of a separate Glide Slope receiver. As
was previously pointed out, the Lo-
calizer signal is generally recovered
from a v.h.f. receiver which is also
used for communication and VOR navi-
gation. The additional cost of a Lo-
calizer converter and simple Marker
Beacon receiver is small in comparison
to the added cost of an additional u.h.f.
Glide Slope receiver and converter. Na-
Traffic controllers at GCA radar scopes. Scopes at right are for the Airport Surveil- tional Aeronautical Company's inex-
lance Radar (ASR), while those at left are for the Precision Approach Radar (PAR). pensive Mark II VOR receiver, de-
scribed in Part 2, also includes a
from his loudspeaker, he knows he is mit a low- frequency "compass locator" Localizer converter and aural Marker
passing over a middle marker. If, in- signal. This consists of a 25 -watt non - Beacon receiver thereby allowing
stead, he hears a series of dashes he is directional signal in the 200 to 415 kc. simple ILS navigation. The lack of a
over an outer marker, or an airways low-frequency band. The compass lo- Glide Slope receiver deprives the light
marker if he hears a series of dots. cator provides a signal for direction airplane of vertical glide -path guidance
Fig. 9 shows a type of Marker Bea- finders aboard the aircraft and thus so the pilot must accomplish his de-
con receiver which automatically indi- furnishes a means for determining the scent with reference to a Rate of De-
cates the type of Marker Beacon. A heading of the aircraft with respect to scent meter. ILS navigation charts
75 mc. r.f. amplifier, detector, and audio the desired approach course. In con- specify a recommended rate of de-
amplifier extract the coding informa- gested areas, low -frequency Marker scent from a fixed altitude over the
tion from the Marker Beacon signal. Beacons are also used to indicate the Outer Marker for various speed air-
Three filters tuned to 400, 1300 and point at which descent should be craft.
3000 cycles separate the coding signals started. In the earlier articles we examined
and apply them to three colored indi- A unique ILS indicator is used by how an aircraft can navigate to the
cator lights. A blue (sometimes purple) Bendix in its complete v.h.f. naviga- San Francisco area using long-range
light is connected to the output of the tional system. A single 3-inch indica- navigation aids. We shall now examine
400 -cycle filter and flashes when pass- tor provides Marker Beacon three-light how an instrument approach and land-
ing over an outer marker. An amber indication as well as left- right, up- ing can be completed at San Francis-
light flashes when 1300 cycles is pres- down Localizer and Glide Slope meter- co's Oakland International Airport
ent indicating the middle marker, and ing. A VOR course selector is also using ILS.
a white light flashes when passing over included. Fig. 12 shows a simplified ILS ap-
a 3000 -cycle coded airways or boundary proach chart for Oakland Airport. No-
marker. Terminal Navigation with ILS tice that this particular ILS approach
Most middle and many outer Mark- Fig. 13 shows a complete ILS instal- pattern uses a low- frequency radio
er Beacon transmitter sites also trans- lation that can be found at most large (Continued on page 112)

V.H.F. RUNWAY LOCALIZER

108 TO II2MC. HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION. MOD-
ULATION FREQUENCIES 90 AND ISO CYCLES. MODULA- Fig. 13. Instrument Landing System
/TION DEPTH ON COURSE 201E FOR EACH FREOUENCY. (ILS) standard characteristics and ter-
CODE IDENTIFICATION (1020 CYCLES, 5%) AND VOICE
COMMUNICATION (MODULATED 50%) PROVIDED ON SAME minology. (After a drawing originally
CHANNEL.
MIDDLE MARKER prepared by the Air Transport Associa-
IOOOFT TYPICAL. TRANSMITTER BUILDING
--IS OFFSET 300 FT FROM THE RUNWAY MODULATION 1300 CYCLES tion of America, and later revised by
RUNWAY LENGTH
7000 FT. (TYPICAL) CENTER -LINE. ANTENNA IS ON CENTER- KEYING: ALTERNATE DOT B DASH the Civil Aeronautics Administration.)
LINE AND NORMALLY IS UNDER S0 /1
CLEARANCE PLANE.
400 TO 600 FT. FROM
CENTER -LINE OF RUNWAY
- POINT OF
INTERSECTION,
AMBER LIGHT

RUNWAY AND
GLIDE PATH
EXTENDED OUTER MARKER
MODULATION 400 CYCLES
BETWEEN 750 B 1250 KEYING: TWO DASHES /SECOND
FEET (ABOUT 15% OF
RUNWAY LENGTH).
PURPLE LIGHT
LOCALIZER MODULATION
I< 5 FREQUENCY
90WS ISOCPS

U.H.F. GLIDE SLOPE TRANSMITTER

328.6 TO 335.4 MC. HORIZONTAL PO- 90 CPS 150 CPS - FROM 0.8 TO 1.5
LARIZATION MODULATION FREQUENCIES GLIDE SLOPE WIDTH FULL-SCALE
ARE90 8 150 CYCLES EACH OF WHICH MODULATION FREQUENCY LIMITS SYMMETRI-
MODULATES THE CARRIER 47.5% ON PATH. CAL ABOUT AXIS.
THE GLIDE SLOPE IS ESTABLISHED AT
AN ANGLE BETWEEN 2 1/4 AND 3 DEGREES,
DEPENDING ON LOCAL TERRAIN. MILES
(TYPICAL)
?O.S
0.5
(APPROX)
FRO MARKER LOCATED 4 7IDEES
FROM END OF RUNWAY, WHERE GLIDE *475'
TURN (MINIMUM PROCEDURE
RATE OF DESCENT CHART ±SOF HOLDING) ALTITUDE
LOLDING)
(FEET PER MINUTE) NOTE: !SOFT.
T. VERTICALLY
ALL MARKER TRANSMITTERS
2 I/2
ABOVE
ANGLE COMPASS LOCATORS IN THE 200 TO 415KC. BAND HORIZONTAL
ELY WATTS AT
APPROXIMATELY (TYPICAL)
SPEED 21/4 21/2 2 3H 30 ARE INSTALLED AT MOST OUTER AND MIDDLE 93MC., MODULATED
(KNOTS) MARKERS. A(020 CYCLE TONE, MODULATING 95%
90 355 400 440 475 THE CARRIER ABOUT 95%, IS KEYED WITH THE
110 435 485 535 585 FIRST TWO LETTERS OF THE ILS IDENTIFICATION FIGURES MARKED WITH ASTERISK ARE
:30 SIS 575 630 690 ON THE OUTER LOCATOR AND THE LAST TWO SUPPLIED FOR CONVENIENCE ONLY AND
150 595 665 730 795 LETTERS ON THE MIDDLE LOCATOR. ARE NOT NECESSARILY STANDARD

60 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 LI VI TI XTAL C5 V2 L2,L3
SECONDARY

cl

L2

EXTRA TURNS C2 C4
View showing components that are mounted on top of plastic board used as cr,assis.

Citizens -Band Converter

LI

VI R4 R2 RI V2
Bottom view of plastic chassis board showing resistors and coil -slug adjustments.

TO CONY OUTPUT
Construction of a single -channel transistorized
(A)
converter unit that works with a broadcast set.

3T
By J. H. THOMAS
TO CONY OUTPUT

WRAP
well -known transistorized crystal oscil- commercial coil is the CTC Type LS -3
3 TURNS
(81 OVER FERRITE - lator and a mixer. The output of coil with 2013 -C brass slug.
ROD ANTENNA the oscillator is fed to the base of the The output transformer was made by
mixer stage, where it is mixed with the adding turns to a Crest #200 -6 variable
27 incoming signal. inductance which is tunable from 70 to
TO CONY. OUTPUT The converter, as shown, is designed 225 ¡thy. To get the tapped primary,
for fixed -frequency operation but of 30 turns of #34 s.c.e. are wound on the
(CI
L1----- course you can listen to other channels
with slightly less efficiency by tuning
end in the same direction as the orig-
inal coil and then cemented into place.
CEMENT 2 TURNS OVER
LOOP OR CABINET
the broadcast receiver into which the The secondary consists of 20 turns on
1000 to 1600 kc. i.f. signal is fed. top of the original coil and wound at
Fig. I. Connecting converter to receiver.
The two RCA 2N247's are used be- the other end of the form. This makes
cause both transistors must be capable very close coupling but since the oscil-
ALTHOUGH the transistorized Citi- of operating up to 30 mc. If you have lator is crystal-controlled, no "pulling"
zens -Band converter to be described a 2N384 on hand, this can be substi- of the separate oscillator need be an-
was specifically designed to be used tuted for either of the 2N247's. ticipated. With the capacitor specified,
with transistor receivers of the pocket the primary of this home -made trans.
variety, it can, of course, be used with Construction former will tune down to about 1000 kc.
any other radio provided the proper The entire unit is built on a narrow With more capacitance you can reach
supply is available. This is not a diffi- strip of plastic. In the author's unit any spot on the broadcast band.
cult requirement since the converter this shape was required so that the A miniature transistor i.f. trans-
will work at almost any voltage from converter could be fitted into the cabi- former, using external capacitance only,
3 to 12 volts negative. It is somewhat net of the portable receiver, but any can be used by making the capacitance
more expensive than a tube-type con- other layout will do as well provided much lower than shown in the trans-
verter but, of course, much more ver- the oscillator coil is a reasonable dis- former diagram. How much lower will
satile and, because of the crystal-con- tance from the antenna coil or at right depend on the transformer. Another
trol, quite stable. angles to it, to prevent radiation of the alternative would be to use a standard
The Circuit oscillator frequency. i.f. transformer with reduced capaci-
The coils were wound on forms from tance, although it may be necessary to
As can be seen from the schematic a piece of surplus gear. They were %" first remove some turns and then add
diagram of Fig. 2, the circuit is quite o.d. and have a copper slug, Y4" diam- a few to achieve a tapped primary.
conventional in that it consists of a eter and Y." long, for tuning. A similar (Continued on page 88)
September, 1960 61

www.americanradiohistory.com
 By W. F. HUGHES
. alre
11.411)

O ©
25 u2'
O

Imsommosal
witi

E !.
lilkai
t --1
ó ,.. o 14.
i

o 0 i

, ;ta jn
.`

Home -Built
better performance above 5000 cps and,
when used with the woofers alone, will
Acòustìc-Svspension-Type result in acceptable sound at a mini-
mum cost. The mid-range speakers can
be added at a later date to provide a
DURING the past few years consider- slight improvement in the range from
able advance has been made in the
commercial production of speaker
systems using the acoustic -suspension
Speaker System 3000 to 5000 cps. However, even with-
out the mid -range speakers the over-all
result is comparable, even in the mid-
principle. The cost of such systems is range, to the moderately priced com-
substantially below the cost of the best Construction of simple hi -fi mercial units.
systems available prior to their devel-
opment and their proponents consider system that can be built for The Loudspeakers
that no compromises have been made under $30. When used with The speakers used were "Shield
in performance. Quality acoustic -sus-
suitable tweeter, result I Crest" types purchased from Olson Ra-
pension speakers produced commercial- dio Corp. for about eleven dollars per
a good, wide -range 'unit
'

ly, when coupled with a suitable tweet- 'woofer and about six dollars per mid-
er, provide very good results indeed at range, but any similar quality speakers
moderate cost. EDITOR'S NOTE: The performance of this
may be used. Since the performance of
Even so, the budget -minded hi -fi en- h o nie -built,
acoustic -suspension -type the speakers depends on the cones be-
thusiast may not be able to afford an speaker system should not be expected ing fairly compliant, the cones must be
acceptable commercial unit of this to beas good as commercially available treated if the outer edges are stiff.
units whose loudspeakers are especially
type. This article describes a simple wade to match their enclosures. Because The "Shield Crest" speakers were fair-
of the low cost and ease of construction,
home-made system, using inexpensive however, the project is definitely worth -, ly good in this respect, one of the rea-
speakers, which will perform surpris- while for the audio enthusiast who sons why they were selected, so no
ingly well in comparison with ready wants good performance and compact treatment was necessary. Other speak-
size.
made units. ers, if not fairly compliant, can be
The system is built around two 12" treated by coating the outer edge of
woofers and two optional 5" mid-range mid -range speakers are not at all es- the cone with Kodak "Photo Flo" di-
speakers. The two woofers are housed sential and, if the recommended woof- luted about one part to 100 in water.
in one bookcase -sized enclosure and, if ers are used, they alone will result in After drying, the edge is then painted
the mid-range speakers are used, they an adequate system which can'be built with a saturated solution of silica gel
can be housed in a small enclosure for a total cost of under thirty dollars. (calcium chloride) in water. Commer-
which can be fastened to the woofer One of the small, inexpensive elec- cial softening kits are also available
cabinet to form one compact unit. The trostatic tweeters can be added to give from some radio suppliers. This wet-

Fig. 1. Completed woofer section before covering. Speakers are

mounted from front with sealing compound and machine screws.
Fig. 2. Steady -state acoustic frequency- response measurements
taken with the woofers and ine pensive electrostatic tweeter.

6
;11111:,111í11111
-.,11'Irr 111i
1/1111 1IIIIIM11 I111111ft.
3

9/11111 NMI IIIIIII111111

111111
111111
11121111111 111111111111
11111111111111111-
i2

i5 -.._
q 500 kC.
FREOUENCY -CPS

62 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
ting treatment loosens the cone, lower- not to puncture the cone while moun'.-
ing its resonant frequency, and allow- ing it from the front. Machine screws.
ing it to act more freely against the #8 or #6, about 1%-inch long should
air spring of the air trapped in the en- be fed from inside the box and allowed
closure. This acoustic spring controls to protrude. The speaker is then placed
the speaker movement rather than the over these bolts and washers and nuts
mechanical stiffness of the cone itself. put into place.
It is vital, then, not to puncture the In order to effect a good seal, some
cone accidentally or to allow an air C SEALING COMPOUND sort of sealing compound can be used
passage into the sealed enclosure. between the speaker rim and the wood-
Fig. 3. Sealing and mounting of speakers.
The Enclosure en front panel. " Duxseal" (Johns
Manville), "Tub Tight," or even "Per -
The two woofers are mounted in a magasket" can be used. "Duxseal"
box made of 3" plywood which is com- MID-
RANGE seems preferable since it remains plas-
pletely screwed and glued together be- tic and will not shrink or crack. The
fore the speakers are mounted. Fig. 5 photograph of Fig. 1 shows the com-
gives the general layout for the box WOOFERS pleted woofer section with the speakers
and shows how the entire system can in place and sealed.
be fabricated from a piece of 4 -foot x 4- After the woofer section is corn -
foot plywood. Care should be taken to pleted, a mid -range section can be built
mate the joints carefully and a liberal Z-oNM L -m.y C-0
in the same way. After completion,
amount of glue should be used, along 0.6
3.0
50
12
SPEAKERS IN PARALLEL AS SNOwN
SPEAKERS N SERIES the two boxes can be mounted together
with closely spaced #8 or #6 wood 16

and covered with grille cloth and ve-

screws, in order to insure tightness. Fig. 4. Crossover network used for 700-cps neered if desired.
The box must be absolutely air tight. crossover. L -pad allows proper balancing.
Before assembling the box, the If electrostatic tweeter is used, the 16- Wiring
speaker holes should be cut just large ohm arrangement is employed and the low - Depending on the impedance of the
enough to allow the speakers to fit in frequency signals from the tweeter cross- amplifier and speaker used, the speak-
from the front after the box is put to- over network are applied to points A-A.
ers can be wired in a variety of ways.
gether. Fig. 3 shows a cross -section of Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for 8 -ohm
the speaker mounting. speakers, the entire box must be filled speakers (the impedance of the speak-
Four wires, about four-feet long, (through the speaker holes) with fiber ers used) being fed by a 4- or 16 -ohm
should be cut and fed through a small glass acoustic padding. The inside walls amplifier. The woofers and mid-range
hole in the rear panel. The wires can should first be lined and then layers speakers are wired in series for 16 -ohm
be stapled or fastened to the inside and laid in the box until it is completely operation and in parallel for 4 -ohm
outside of the rear panel near the hole filled except for space left for the operation. If the woofers are used
so that they will not move in the hole speakers. A light dripping of glue on alone, a tweeter can be added to give
and break the seal -which is made by the padding will keep it in place. good high- frequency response and to
filling the hole with plastic wood or When the box is filled, the speakers smooth out the mid -range. A suitable
glue. A terminal strip may be fastened can be wired and put into place. The crossover network must be used with
later to the rear panel, forming a con- leads should be clearly marked before the tweeter. This can be made fairly
venient junction for the speaker leads sealing the cabinet. A thin covering of easily or purchased as an accessory
from the amplifier or crossover net - cloth can be used on the back of the unit with the tweeter. The woofers can
work. speakers to insure that the fiber glass then be wired in series and a 16 -ohm
After assembly and installation of does not get into the mechanism. crossover network used.
the lead wires, but before installing the Special precautions must be taken (Continued on page 134)

--RIr

0
14" n{. 9 Sii' 9 3/4'

a .O.
FRONT VIEW

I.
O O © G/
231/2-

le

-C)

0Q0 1

7 O 11 O 14'

NOTE: X
T
CUTOUTS FOR 12- WOOFER SPEAKERS
S' MID -RANGE SPEAKERS
® ©
3/4' PLYWOOD STOCK IS USED

Fig. 5. The woofer and the mid -range enclosures are shown
1
assembled in the views above. The layout at the right in-
dicates how all parts can be cut from single piece of stock. X t
49'
September, 1960 6 3

www.americanradiohistory.com
 ....Reception on Wheels
It isn't easy, but understanding the special problems
helps. The Motorola FM -900 includes many solutions.
SINCE FM reception in the home has and properly install an alternate tuner ing home reception, the irritated lis-
enjoyed widespread acceptance for or receiver. tener has the consolation of knowing
many years, one may wonder why As to the matter of noise, any owner that the noise will pass soon, with the
receivers of this type have not been of a v.h.f. receiver (TV or FM) must passage of the offending vehicle. Inside
marketed for use in automobiles until have some idea that reception in this a moving automobile, the listener is in
quite recently. Today one has hardly spectrum is peculiarly responsive to in- the position of carrying the noise
finished looking over the last FM car terference generated by automotive ig- source with him wherever he goes.
radio offered to the public when an- nition systems. When a car or truck Furthermore, it is never more than a
other is announced. The potential pur- rolls by, the TV owner knows about it few feet away from his receiver's an-
chaser (and the reader interest, over without having to look out of his win- tenna and antenna input, where it can
the years, on information for convert- dow. The black, horizontal streaks easily compete with signal. Thus igni-
ing standard FM tuners and receivers marring his picture are a sure give- tion- suppression measures considerably
for vehicular use indicates that there away. His TV sound (or the usually more effective than those required for
are such potential purchasers) may whisper -quiet background when he is reasonable AM reception become neces-
ask, "What took them so long ?" listening to his FM set) is interrupted sary. More will be said concerning
The fact is things are not as simple by annoying, crackling noises. these measures later.
as they seem. Take the matter of noise Not only is the ignition system of the Another problem involves the receiv-
and interference, where FM is par- average vehicle a superior generator of ing antenna. The sizable, roof -top unit
ticularly considered to outshine AM. this type of noise; the ignition wiring that may cap a home installation is
Due to the specific vehicular environ- used generally adds insult to injury simply not practical on a moving ve-
ment, an axiom involving the relative by acting as a highly efficient antenna hicle. A simpler, more modest entity is
merits of these two types of modula- system for propagating this undesired needed, and it should preferably be the
tion is reversed. Unless given its due r.f. It happens that the ignition-wire same whip used for the AM receiver
consideration, noise can actually be a lengths used tend to be resonant at or that is likely to be in the auto already.
greater problem on FM. Furthermore, near the FM band. Such a signal interceptor will provide
this is just one of the problems in- When this interference occurs dur- considerably less input for the FM re-
volved. ceiver for two reasons: regarded only
The result is that a suitable FM auto ,sw crc"or MOOI IMIS
b11us1 -I.1 1y
OIeIIMM MO
as an antenna, it will not have the
receiver must be something quite dif- caM,lC, IT TO cucno., same gain that a more sophisticated
ferent from just another FM set for f nns cNM10O1
IMPUtlO IM
device would provide; also, it will suf-
home use, even with modest changes. GLME "Maus
rsamuM
fer in line -of -sight pickup because it is
The Motorola FM -900 shows a recog- necessarily low to the ground instead
nition of the difficulties involved and of being high on a roof- mounted mast.
indicates conscientious design efforts SSINNINN
In addition, it will be much closer to
to overcome them. Accordingly, it makes Fin
su,nwssn
COMM
TO
OMIS
TWO OeYIMM
.IOI the noise source than would a home -
a good starting point for our discussion WONKY use antenna.
on several grounds. It will serve as a Already we can see how the separate
guide to anyone wishing to adapt any problems of auto reception begin to
FM receiver to his vehicle. Also, where cawsna run into each other. The closely cou-
such conversion is not practical, it will Fig. 2. Extra suppressor capacitors at pled ignition system makes high sen-
help the prospective listener to select the voltage regulator may be needed. sitivity and superior noise rejection
Fig. I. The compact radio is made for under-dash mounting.
Fig. 3. Ignition suppression must be added to the generator.
CONNECT CAPACITOR TO
ARMATURE TERMINAL.

r-n ARM

REMOVE THIS WIRE

FROM ARMATURE
TERMINAL AND CONNECT
IT TO CAPACITOR.

CAUTION: DO NOT
MOUNT CAPACITOR - .SMFO CONNECT TO FIELD
11 UNDER GROUND SCREW, TERMINAL.

ELECTRONICS WORLD
64

www.americanradiohistory.com
mandatory. Limitations on the antenna
installation cut down available signal. MOUNT CAPACITOR .1 MED
Since v.h.f. reception, whether on UNDER ONE OF VOLTAGE

TV or FM, is largely limited by the REGULATOR MTG SCREWS.

REMOVE THIS WIRE
horizon, the service area from the sta- FP(I BAT TERMINAI
tion over which the moving vehicle can TO AND CONNECT IT TO
CAPACITOR
obtain good reception is more restrict- DISTRIBUTOR

ed than with AM. This would seem to

inhibit reception too far away from a
city-but also cut it down in the
streets of a metropolis itself, where
tall buildings block direct transmission.
CONNECT CAPACITOR
TO BATTERY TERMINAL

PRIMARY
/410 MOUNT CAPACITOR
IMFD
UNDER IGNITION
COIL MOUNTING SCRIM.

Fortunately, the latter is not necessar- REMOVE THIS WIRE

(BATTERYTERMINAL

ily true. Such v.h.f. signals bounce and FROM BAT TERMINAL
AND CONNECT T TO
C ONNECT CAPACITOR TO BATTERY TERMINAL.

ricochet off nearby structures. Thus

I

CAPACITOR
multi -path reception of a reasonably (A)
strong signal down on the city's streets (B)
is quite feasible. One of TV's great Fig. 5. Suppressor location for the voltage regulator (A) and ignition coil (B).
metropolitan hazards, "ghosting," be-
comes a boon in the new context. In home, you can take your time. In a car, portant difference from its home -re-
fact, this ability of FM transmissions according to a widespread belief, the ceiver counterpart. Since a match to
to "bounce" assists in many situations driver is supposed to keep his eye on conventional antennas is useless here,
where AM usability disappears, as the road and his hand on the wheel. input impedance is in the vicinity of
when the vehicle is moving through a Safety demands that he be able to tune 50 ohms instead of 300. The ordinary,
tunnel or underpass. quickly, easily, and with the least pos- telescoping antenna used on an auto,
Although signal may still be avail- sible visual distraction. when manually adjusted for peak re-
able in what would ordinarily be "dead The normal requirement of frequen- ception with this circuit, will be
spots," it is certainly attenuated. Thus cy stability is aggravated by the fact a quarter -wavelength affair, which
we are still left with a potentially seri- that it can be affected by changing matches the lower impedance.
ous impairment of listening enjoy- supply voltages -and the auto's bat- The entire front end consists of a
ment: fading. These fluctuations must tery- generator system is not famous single twin triode, V,. This may seem
be ironed out. for constant output. Voltage fluctua- like cutting corners in the wrong place,
Problems enough? Don't go away; tion can also produce variations in but it isn't. The circuit used is that of
there are more. Due to the relatively sensitivity and audio -output level. the grounded-grid r.f. amplifier fol-
small ratio between the bandwidth of How can these problems be met? lowed by an autodyne converter. This
a single FM station and the full extent Let's examine Fig. 4. The signal cir- type of circuit (see "Don't Dodge the
of the assigned band, and also due to cuits, which appear to be most con- One -Tube FM Front End," ELECTRON-
the problems of frequency stability in ventional, get first consideration. The Ics WORLD, August, 1959) has many
this spectrum, tuning is quite critical, antenna -input system does not seem to virtues. It can provide commendable
as it often is on home instruments. At be startling, but it does have one im- (Continued on page 132)

12.
Vr VS
IOW u.M
w vs
1ST 01. 00 IMO 04 won/ asrlTa usions_s.a

r l

sNMM raw ,a Ms A
w sWIP Rslc Mr MAO 110 /1010 SM
L
r 1101101 (OM

Tdl.
0
011111 .
M
T uv
III ur' .,wMR

M M
;TG
°I Té ,
vl

Fig. 4. To meet the high performance requirements, con- FN.m caw ,M

MAL MAP
Mw A
I NM
r owmo
ventional tubes are used for r.f., i.f., and detector circuits. L L
,LAMMS

September, 1960 65

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Gascode Cí reu íts
How and Why By JIM KYLE

Study of a used in TV tuners and other

circuit widely
applications. Variations and service considerations.
BORN of a war -time need for long - In this circuit, R is the a.g.c. isola- nicians, including those familiar with
range radar and brought to matu- tion resistor; R, is the cathode bias re- the ancient triode- t.r.f. days, will recall
rity in the TV- booming mid- 1950's, sistor for the first stage, and R; pro- that, when input and output circuits of
the cascode amplifier circuit today can vides a d.c. return from the grid of the a triode amplifier are tuned to the
be found in almost any application second stage to its cathode. Capacitors same frequency, the circuit quickly
where a low- noise, high -gain amplifier C. and C. are for bypass purposes. turns itself from an amplifier into an
is required. Nevertheless, although the No Oscillation?
oscillator unless it is properly neutral-
circuit itself is a relatively simple and ized. In fact, a circuit familiar to many
straightforward means of obtaining At this point, some of the confusion amateurs, the TNT (tuned -not tuned)
radio-frequency amplification, many associated with the circuit begins to oscillator, makes use of this fact.
technicians, in and out of the service crop up. For example, why doesn't the The cascode is a tuned triode ampli-
field, show occasional bewilderment cascode circuit oscillate? Many tech- fier. yet it does not oscillate. True,
about it. coil Le of the typical circuit is often
Some of that aura of mystery can be +250 v.0 C called a neutralizing coil, yet satisfac-
removed. Along the way, commonly tory operation may be obtained with-
encountered, practical problems can be out it. Strangely enough, the reason
pointed out, as well as methods for 19 - )o TO MIiER for the circuit's stability lies, not in the
handling such problems and improv- first stage (which would seem to be
ing the operation of cascode circuits in ripe for oscillation), but in the second
general. -the grounded -grid amplifier. The in-
A good starting point is an under- put impedance of a grounded-grid am-
standing of what we mean by "a cas- plifier is extremely low. About 700
code circuit." In the past. the term ohms is typical in most cascode appli-
"cascode" has been applied to a num- cations. This is the load resistance for
ber of amplifier circuits. On top of the first stage, and it is low enough to
this, there are several variations of the damp out oscillation.
basic Wallman amplifier that have Another way of saying this is that
been given the name. Stripped of non- the low load resistance reduces ampli-
essential detail, the cascode circuit
A C.
fication of the first stage below the
consists of a conventional grounded- Fig. I. A basic series cascade cir- minimum necessary to sustain oscilla-
cathode amplifier stage coupled to a cuit, showing the essential elements. tion, since amplification is a function of
grounded-grid stage. Each stage nor- a tube's load (R,.) as well as of its am-
mally employs a triode tube or tube plification factor (mu).
section. Both stages together provide Where's the Gain?
about as much gain as a single pentode
-with a much lower noise contribu- The last statement makes sense
tion from the tubes. when considered all by itself. However,
The circuit came into its own with it leads directly to the next sequence of
the introduction of the famed "cascode head -scratching when we consider it in
tuner" for television. In fact, the TV the light of the claim that the com-
tuner is still the most likely place to plete circuit exhibits about as much
find this type of amplifier. However, as gain as an efficient pentode circuit, and
the possibilities of this amplifier con- far more than a single triode. How is
figuration became more evident, its use this seeming contradiction resolved?
broadened out. Today one may find a One way of explaining what happens is
cascode circuit in an FM tuner, a com- to resort to a column of mathematical
munications receiver, commercial two- calculations involving tube characteris-
way equipment -and in portions of the
TV receiver aside from the tuner itself, A.G.C.

Fig. 2. The original

- Wellman cascode
tics and circuit relationships. However.
a general picture can be given without
doing so.
as in the i.f. amplifier.
Essential features of the basic series circuit used a triode -connected pentode. Although amplification of the first
cascode circuit are shown in Fig. 1. stage considered alone is quite low, its
An incoming signal from the antenna Table I. Components used in Figs. 1 -5. output signal actually passes through
goes to the grid of the first stage. Am- the second, grounded -grid stage before
plified signal voltage at the plate is COMPONENT VALUE AND COMMENTS reaching the working "load for the
then fed directly to the second -stage 100.000 ohms entire amplifier, T. of Fig. 1, across
cathode through L.. The grid of stage R, 82 to 100 ohms which the amplified signal is developed.
two is grounded for r.f. energy by ca-
R,.
R.
0 to 47 ohms
470,000 ohms
(In this connection, note that the out-
pacitor C . The signal, amplified still
RT,
R... 100 ohms put signal of the first stage, which is
more by this triode, goes from the C,foC.. tif. disc ceramic
.001 also the input signal for the second
second -stage plate to Te, and so to the L,, Le, L. Resonant with circuit capacitance stage, is in series with the output sig-
next portion of the set. (Typical values at signal frequency nal of the second stage. This is not the
for this schematic and others discussed RFC,. I millihenry case with a conventional grid -input
later arc consolidated in Table 1.) T.., Tn., Ti, R.f. transformers
amplifier, where input and output
66 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
signal voltages are in opposite phase.) that voltage at the plate goes up. Since in communications receivers but sel-
The second stage may thus be con- the two tubes are in series across the dom in TV or FM tuners) is shown in
sidered as a network between the first fixed supply voltage (with the first - Fig. 4. By replacing neutralizing coil
stage and the load. stage plate connected to the second - L. with resistor R.. one adjustment is
With the amplification factor of the stage cathode through neutralizing eliminated at almost no sacrifice in effi-
first stage unchanged and its effective coil L. in Figs. 1 and 3), an increase in ciency. As explained earlier, coil L.
load thus increased, amplification goes the drop across the first stage reduces is not necessary to prevent oscillation.
up, as the formulas in any tube- charac- the voltage available for the second Its chief purpose is to improve gain at
teristic manual show. However, oscil- stage. This reduces gain of the latter. higher frequencies by "tuning out" the
lation is still prevented. The second The over-all effect provides semi -re- second -stage input capacity. The gain
stage has already been likened to a mote cut -off operation in any series improvement shows up in the set as in-
network between the first stage and cascode circuit, with gain for both
the load. Actually. this network pro- stages being influenced by a control 4270 V D.C.
vides isolation in one direction. Al- voltage at the first grid.
though it passes signal on to the load, However, in Fig. 3, second -stage grid
the grounded-grid configuration makes voltage is clamped to the design value
the grid act as a shield between the by the voltage divider, R- and R.. Nor-
cathode (input) and plate (output), mally, this is chosen so that the second-
drastically reducing the cathode-to- stage grid is about one volt less posi-
plate capacitance. This capacitance, in tive than the second -stage cathode in
a triode amplifier, is normally the the absence of a.g.c. voltage.
coupling path that feeds back the sig- Now when a.g.c. voltage is applied to
nal which produces oscillation. the first stage (causing its plate volt-
Cascode Variations
age to rise), the change in voltage also
increases the grid bias of the second
As with most other basic circuits. stage by increasing the potential differ-
there are countless possible variations ence between cathode and grid. This
on the cascode theme, some of which lowers over -all gain for the circuit even
we will consider. Actually, the popular more smoothly than is the case with
versions vary from the original Wall - the circuit of Fig. 1, resulting in exten- 3. Clamping grid of second tri -

man circuit of Fig. 2. Making use of sion of the cut -off characteristic. By improves over -all a.g.c. action.
tube types then available, the latter manipulating values of R, and R the
employed a triode -connected 6AK5 pen- design engineer can choose from a wide i2scVOC
tode for the first stage and one section range of gain characteristics.
of a 6J6 for the second. Also, as far as In addition to the clamped -grid re-
supply voltages are concerned, the two finement and other features already
stages were in parallel, but the signals mentioned, the circuit used in the cas -
were in series. In modern applications, code TV tuner has other modifications.
the two stages are in series with each Since these tuner circuits are widely
other across the supply voltage, as available in service data and other
shown in Fig. 1 and the other circuit sources, a complete circuit has not
variations with this article. been included here. In general, the
The latter arrangement simplifies modifications in typical TV tuner appli-
the coupling between the two stages, cations involve the addition of com-
eliminating two components, RFC. and ponents to make operation more reli-
C: (Fig. 2). The simplification is the able over the wide range of conditions
reason that the TV industry developed and frequencies found in such applica- A.O.C.
the version, now almost universally tions. They have little or no effect on
used, in which the two triodes are in Fig. 4. At some frequencies, L may
the theory of operation and, once the be replaced by R with no impairment.
series or stacked across "B + ". basic circuit and its elements are un-
An important variation of the series derstood, the additions can be recog-
cascode circuit is shown in Fig. 3, nized and understood more readily. FIRST
STAGE
FIRST
STAGE
where the voltage divider composed of Additions will include the coil -
resistors R: and R. replaces the second - switching at the antenna input and at Tou TO LI
stage grid return resistor (R, of Fig. the plate load of the second triode,
1). This change converts the circuit trimmer capacitors for tuning and
from semi -remote cut -off operation to bandpass adjustment at such points as
nearly full remote cut -off condition. the first -triode grid and second -triode
Here's how it works: plate, feedthrough capacitors mounted a
CS C3

Applying a.g.c. voltage to the input

grid increases bias of the first stage,
which reduces current through this
triode. The voltage drop across the
tube itself is increased, which means
on the tuner subchassis to replace more
conventional types, and filament by-
passing.
Another important variation of the
basic circuit (most often encountered
(A) -
Fig. 5. The cathode bias resistor may
be individually adjusted for more gain.
o
(e)

Table 2. Twin triodes used in cascode ri. designs, with their special features.
creased sensitivity or less snow on the
HEATER CURRENT screen of a TV set.
TYPE RELATIVE GAIN SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS However, at frequencies below 52
(amps.)
6BC8
megacycles, the circuit provides plenty
.400 97 Low cross-modulation of gain without coil L.. In such a case,
6BK7B .450 147 Very high gain to 300 mc. the coil can be replaced either by a
6BQ7A .400 loo Low noise piece of wire or a resistor (R. in Fig.4)
6858 .400 113 High cascode transconductance with no loss of efficiency.
6BX8 .400 105 Low plate voltage (65 v.) Other variations of the circuit which
6BZ7 .400 107 Low noise
may be encountered include changes in
6BZ8 .400 125 Low cross- modulation
input and output connections (from
6DJ8 .365 196 Very high gain, low plate voltage
parallel- resonant to series -tuned cir-
6ES8 .365
cuits) and use of lower and higher sup -
196 Same as 6DJ8 (90 v.) (Continued on page 126)
Septemb^r, 67

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Tv
Remote - Control
Aligner- Tester
By FRANK HADRICK, Simpson Electric Co.

A new test instrument designed for checking and

aligning ultrasonic TV remote-control equipment.
NEARLY all manufacturers of TV function. From this point, complexity pact instrument includes a crystal -con-
receivers now offer remote -control of the system depends mainly on the trolled generator that will produce any
features of one type or another number of functions, such as "on -off," of a group of four fixed frequencies
with their sets. The steady increase in volume control, and channel selection, that may be chosen between 35 and
the number of models so equipped is that are remotely controlled. The fre- 45 kc.
one indication of increasing public ac- quencies at which these systems op- The modified, crystal -controlled
ceptance. It follows that the service erate are usually in the range from Pierce oscillator (Fig. 1) produces sine -
technician is steadily encountering about 37 to 43 kc., with an accuracy of wave output signals at twice the de-
more of these sets in his work and about plus or minus 15 to 20 cps. sired frequency, which are coupled to
that the occasions on which he must Since the average service shop is not the 2:1 divider (blocking oscillator)
service them are also increasing. likely to have the facilities for check- stage. For example, if the selected
Although there are various, basic ing performance in the course of crystal will oscillate at 80 kc., output
types of remote-control systems, the troubleshooting, the Simpson Model of the divider will be 40 kc. This oc-
wireless, supersonic type appears to be 407 Remote Aligner (Fig. 2) has been curs because the free -running range of
the most popular (see "Ultrasonic TV designed for the purpose. The com- the blocking oscillator is 35 to 45 kc.
Remote Controls," August 1960, page Fig. I. A crystal -cont oiled oscillator
Therefore, when crystal-oscillator sig-
54). In this system, when the hand- nal is applied to the blocking oscillator,

II
provides accurate output signal.
held transmission unit is operated, an 2 it acts to synchronize the latter at ex-
acoustic, ultrasonic signal is produced
OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL
DIVIDER
alASS
actly half the crystal frequency with
by either mechanical or electronic
CONTRDLIED
SC
osaLL
uATaR
AID
-+ great accuracy. A tunable wave -
means. This signal is picked up by a shaping network in the plate of the
concealed transducer (microphone) at pentode (Fig. 3), pre -set at the factory,
the TV receiver, where it is converted
a. II is adjusted so that output over the op-
to an electrical signal, amplified to a
usable level, then detected and used to
Ì`TTI*I
. 1
erating range is sinusoidal.
The crystal selector switch on the
front panel permits a choice of any of
operate a relay controlling a particular NTERNAL
CRYSTALS
117VAG

Fig. 2. The Simpson Mod.,l 407,

shown with its attenuator probe,
has dual outputs, one of which
is used for monitoring level.

68
four internal frequencies, which may determined by observing the monitored curacy and align the receiver to track
be specified by the purchaser. These v.t.v.m. reading at this point. These with the former. This has drawbacks
may be chosen to accommodate the re- remote -control amplifiers usually have in all cases, but particularly in the case
mote- control systems the owner is very high sensitivity, on the order of where the transmitter output is me-
most likely to encounter in his work. only a few microvolts. chanically produced by a tuning -fork
An external crystal socket provides for The procedure recommended not system rather than electronically.
the insertion of crystals to produce only can determine whether one func- Tuning-fork output is a short burst of
other frequencies within the operating tion's sensitivity is adequate, it can several sine -wave cycles, rather than a
range should they become necessary. also be used to make certain that all continuous wave. Accurate alignment
The typical crystal and output fre- functions of the same remote -control against this elusive signal is extremely
quencies shown in Fig. 3 are not neces- system have approximately the same difficult, if not impossible. With the Re-
sarily those of any particular manu- sensitivity, which provides additional mote Aligner, a c.w. signal of known.
facturer. information about possible defects. For adjustable amplitude and accurate fre-
Output level is continuously vari- example, if sensitivity on one function quency is used instead.
able from approximately 100 micro- only is low, alignment on that function In addition, even where electronic
volts to 1 volt r.m.s. A low- output only or adjustment of the relay in- transmitters are used, some other
range from 0 to about 10 microvolts is volved may be all that is required. standard reference is needed, as the
obtained with the 100,000:1 accessory An alternate method of checking former unit may itself be giving
probe, shown schematically in Fig. 4, relative sensitivity of all functions, trouble. Frequency accuracy of the
vannAN
Remote Aligner, against which trans-
.1_01 220K __1_7 66C mitters may be checked, is within .01
per-cent, and accuracy of output -am-
(.\ plitude measurement depends on ac-
\\ 221( 1.2K
curacy of the v.t.v.m. used for moni-
5.6K toring.
CRYSTAL,
SELECTOR,.
S 1\ .°I"`IE

f-OFF
6AN8
v2
While it may be desirable to check
the frequency accuracy of the instru-
ment itself at times, this function is
performed with the internal crystals.
To calibrate it, an oscilloscope is con-
0
nected between the left jack on the ex-

XTÁ
0 0 0 C T9 A 690K 37K
ternal-crystal socket and instrument
ground. The scope is adjusted to dis-
E jI
120 22K play several cycles of a stable pattern.
f. 220
P
PPf. The output should be a steady sine -
SWITCH SHOWN IN 1CK
wave pattern, with a pulse appearing
EXTERNAL CRYSTAL,
POSITION 41
FREO
LCCK
on every other cycle, for each of the
four positions of the crystal -selector
switch. If not, the frequency -lock ad-
FREQUENCIES
justment on the front panel is manipu-
CRYSTAL OUTPUT
lated until such a pattern is achieved
A-11.0 KC. A-3e.5 KC. on all four switch positions with the
I17VA- C. \\ B -78.0
C-79A
9 -39.0 same frequency lock setting. After the
O .51.5
C-39.5
0 -40.75
instrument has been thus calibrated.
output amplitude from one selector po-
sition to another should he constant
within 1 db. -30-
Fig. 3. Output oscillator works at half the frequency of the selected crystal.

which is a capacitive voltage divider. shown in Fig. 5B, also includes the re- PROBE
PROBE INPUT
If the low range is desired, the probe ceiver microphone in the over -all check. fOUTPyT
can be connected directly to one of two Instead of the output probe, a micro-
pairs of output terminals provided, and phone assembly is connected to the in-
a v.t.v.m. can be connected to the re- strument's output, and the receiver Fig. 4. The 100,000 -to -1 attenuator
maining output for monitoring. With microphone is left in place. With the probe is a capacitive voltage divider.
the v.t.v.m. on its lowest a.c. range, two microphones separated by some
scale readings are multiplied by 10 for specific, constant distance, all receiver Fig. 5. Two methods for checking sen-
the probe output in microvolts. (On functions are checked for relative sitivity of remote -control receivers.
some units a phono jack replaces the sensitivity.
output terminal shown in Fig. 1 at the Where alignment is necessary at the 100,000:1
ATTENUATOR
upper right.) receiver -amplifier, any of several meth- PROBE
This method of output calibration ods can be used. Probe output from REMOTE
is extremely valuable for sensitivity the Model 407 can be introduced at the AMPLIFIER
checks and measurements. It is some- amplifier input or some other point in INC. INFJT

times necessary to determine the sen- the circuit, and adjustment of ampli-
sitivity of a particular remote -con- fier and /or discriminator circuits can V.T.VM USED
FOR OUTPUT
trolled function at the receiver (the be made. Alignment can also be MONITORING.
input -signal level required to energize achieved using the coupling method SET TO LOW
A.C.V. RANGE
the relay involved). In this check, the shown in Fig. 5B. In addition to these IA)
acoustic output is not involved, so the two ways of injecting signal, for align-
transducers at the transmitter and re- ment or troubleshooting, others are
ceiver are not used. Voltage output possible. The best one to use is that REMOTE
MICS

from the probe is connected directly to recommended by the manufacturer of rNLR

the remote-control amplifier input at the television receiver in his service
the TV set, as shown in Fig. 5A. The data.
output control of the Model 407 is ad- With many remote systems, the
vanced from minimum until the relay technician is content to use the trans TO V.T.V.M. FOR MONI-ORINGIOPT''ONA_I

in question is energized. Sensitivity is mitting unit as his standard for ac- lU1

September, 1960 69

www.americanradiohistory.com
 two-turn loop of wire is fastened to
By JOHN T. FRYE the back side. The signal generator
output cable connects to those ter-

MAC'S minals on the top and permits us to

radiate a signal from the two -turn coil
into the loop antenna of a set on the
service shop bench, as is usually specified in the ad-
justment of r.f. trimmers. In the past
we have tried to get by by simply con-
necting a piece of wire across the out-
put terminals of the signal generator
and draping this near the loop antenna
of the set. It was always shorting out,
falling off, or sagging away from the
loop and giving us misleading output
indications. It was hard to be sure if
the change in output was produced by
a trimmer adjustment or by a change
in the position or shape of the radiat-
ing loop. This coil can be swung so as
to give us any degree of coupling to
the loop antenna we wish, and it will
stay where we put it. What's more,
since we'll always be using the same
Time and Temper Savers radiating coil, we'll soon learn what
constitutes normal receiver response
OK!" Barney was saying as he
"AOK, boxes contains, and notice they are to a given signal generator output and
came through the door of the tilted out so that even a tiny lock - a controlled amount of coupling be-
service department Monday morn- washer can be slid up over the side tween the radiating coil and the loop.
ing; "what were you doing here last with a forefinger." "Along that same line," Mac con-
night? Marge and I saw a light on at "A couple of the boxes have stuff in tinued, "here's another little item I
ten o'clock as we drove past, and your them now." think will aid in keeping down the
car was parked out front." "Those are extra trimounts, dial -cord blood pressure. It's a simple extension
Mac, Barney's employer, heaved an springs, and knob springs to replace cord for connecting a cabinet- mounted
exaggerated sigh of resignation. "A those that still will manage to get speaker of an a.c. -d.c. receiver to the
man can't get away with a thing, can away in accordance with Murphy's chassis outside the cabinet. The speak-
he? You won't rest, though, until you Law. We're through spending dollars - er is mounted in the cabinet in a high
know. Actually it all started when I an -hour time hunting fraction -of-a- percentage of the current printed -cir-
went to Doc Briney for my regular cent hardware. Along the same line, I cuit sets, and connection to the chassis
physical checkup Saturday." want you to observe and use this little is usually made through a pair of short,
"Nothing's wrong with you, is there?" red plastic nut -starter. It is a real time comparatively stiff wires permanently
Barney asked with quick concern. and temper saver. When I think of all connected to the chassis and fitted
"Not really. My blood pressure was the time I've wasted trying to start a with plugs that go into simple jacks
up a trifle, and he asked if there was nut on an i.f. can spade lug buried down mounted on the speaker frame. It is
anything 'irritating or exasperating' under a nest of wires with fingers that virtually impossible to work on the set
about my work. The more I thought suddenly seem as large and clumsy as out of the cabinet with these wires con-
about that the more I grinned; for bananas, or tried to improvise a nut - nected. Even if you do manage to turn
you'll agree, I'm sure, there are several starter from a length of solder or a on the receiver, you are almost certain
things about radio and TV servicing holding -type screwdriver -well, I can to break off one or both wires in moving
that might aptly be termed irritating really appreciate something like this; the chassis about. On the other hand,
or exasperating -even excluding the but if it is to save time it must be used if you use clip leads to extend the
customers." right in the beginning, not as a last wires, these are forever shorting to-
"And how!" Barney soulfully agreed. resort. As you can see, the recess in gether or slipping off. As you can see,
"Sunday the wife went to a class re- one end can be pressed down over a o" the 'extension' consists of a couple of
union and left me sort of at loose ends. nut and that in the other end over a lengths of flexible insulated wire sol-
I got to thinking about some of the 'S" nut. Either size nut will be held dered to two speaker jacks mounted on
petty little goat- getters here at the firmly in the end of the slender tube a piece of Bakelite. The other ends of
bench; so I decided to come down and while it is easily started in the most the wires terminate in pins to fit the
see what I could do about a few of cramped quarters." speaker jacks. With this in use, the
them. The project became so interest- "What's the purpose of the big clip- chassis can be turned every which way,
ing I didn't quit until after eleven last board mounted behind the bench ?" as it often must be in examining, serv-
night." "It's to hold diagrams, step -by -step icing, or aligning, without impairing
"These are new," Barney observed as alignment instructions, or other service the connections to the speaker."
he pointed to a row of lidless trans- literature where it can be easily seen "That will come in handy," Barney
parent plastic boxes fastened up be- as you work and where it will not be conceded. "If we like, we can connect
hind the bench. burned with the soldering iron, torn those pins to the binding posts of our
"Yeah. They are to receive the with a sharp chassis corner, soaked substitute speaker; but I prefer to use
knobs, back-cover trimounts, and and stained in excess contact cleaner, the set speaker when I can. Sometimes
chassis screws and washers you remove or otherwise mutilated. Not being able it has an intermittent defect that may
and either scatter around over the to read the value of a component or the be overlooked if the substitute speaker
bench or place carefully in a box on the number of a trimmer can waste a lot of is used during the servicing."
bench and promptly upset. You know: time. We have a very substantial in- "That's my boy!" Mac applauded;
the same little parts that gradually vestment in our service literature, and "but speaking of 'overlooking,' you
dribble off the bench during the heat it behooves us to take care of it." missed this new cheater cord coming
of your tussle with the set and hide on "This doohicky that looks like a out of our variable -voltage isolation
the floor where they can't be found small piece of plywood hinged to the transformer. It's connected internally
when you're ready to put the chassis back of the bench is new. What's it across the 'normal' voltage output
back in the cabinet. You can see at a supposed to be?" socket and will carry the voltage
glance what each one of the plastic "Swing it out and you'll see that a (Continued on page 93)
70 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 WITH
zifiz
DYNA-QUIK
DYNAMIC MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE

MODEL 650. fastest and most complete

TUBE portable Tube and Transistor Tester. Checks

over 99% of the tubes most w dely used
in television receivers. Tests each section
of multiple tubes separately for Gm, Shorts,
AND TRANSISTOR Grid Emission, Gas, and Life. Includes spare
sockets and filament voltages for future
new tube types.
Tests transistors, too. Net, $17995

TESTERS MODEL 675. Completely reliable, long -

service Automatic Tube and Transistor Test-
er. Only 60 indexed phenolic Dyna -Cards
test over 99% of tubes most widely used
Many thousands of servicemen today in television receivers. Tests each section of

insure their professional reputation and multiple tubes separately for Gm, Shorts,
Grid Emission, Gas, and Life. Easily kept
make each job more profitable -with up -to -date with extra cards and punch
B &K testers. Each model is based on included.
actual servicing experience, and Tests transistors, too. Net, $16995
combines both speed and accuracy.
Each is designed to meet individual MODEL 550. Low -cost professional
servicing needs. Each is a top value, model for limited budgets. Provides 52
with features that mean more tube sockets to test more tubes faster,
easier. Accurately quick- checks most of
for your money. the television tubes usually encountered
in everyday service work. Tests each sec-
Measures true dynamic mutual tion of dual tubes separately for shorts,
conductance- not just emission. grid emission, gas content, and leakage.
Makes complete tube test under the -sr rt1=11P- a No multiple switching.
Big value. Net, $11995
actual dynamic operating conditions
of the TV set. Tests complete set in
minutes. Shows your customer the true See Your BILK Distributor or Send for Bulletin APIS N
tube condition. Sells more tubes
right -on- the -spot. Saves costly call-
backs. Pays for itself over and over B&K MANUFACTURING CO.
again. It's good business to choose B&K. 1801 W. BELLE PLAINE AVE CHICAGO 13, ILL.
Canada Arlin Radio Corp., 50 Wmgold, Tor onto l O, Ont. Export EmpheE.porter., 277 Broadway, Ole- York7, U.S.A.
:

September. 1960 71

www.americanradiohistory.com
 w/
vac ra!, v v V
0 Bó
Hi-Fi-Audio ODO11
71116
Wide-Bond Ribbon Microphones

FOR
SMOOTHEST
RESPONSE STEREO FOUR -CHANNEL MIXER mechanism with four individual inter-
AND Sigma Electric Co.. 11 East 16 St., mediate compound idlers, one for each
PRECISE New York 3. N. Y. has introduced its speed. In addition, the changer mech-
FIGURE 8 MONO Model SA3761, a four-channel audio anism is controlled by a central pre-
PATTERN mixer for professional use in recording cision cam -wheel which eliminates ex-
and broadcasting studios as well as in cess linkages and makes for a jam -
FOR central sound systems. proof mechanism.
PROFESSIONAL
The mixer contains four separate
single -stage amplifiers, each employing FIDELITONE TAPE HEAD
AND HOME a triode- connected type 5879 tube and Fidelitone, Incorporated, 6415 Ra-
USE venswood Ave., Chicago 26, Ill. has
added a compact, four-track magnetic
recording and playback head to its line
of audio components.
STEREO SPACER One of the smallest four -track heads
yet developed, it meets all the dimen-
for consistently sional requirements of the EIA Stand-
superior stereo ard. The heart of the unit contains
recordings two separate channels with a unique
solid core. These tapered cores pro-
vide a flat response to 15 kc. (with
each provided with an individual input standard compensations) obtainable at
Complete Data transformer. The impedance of each of 3.75 ips.
Available the four inputs may be adjusted indi- The manufacturer will supply com-
on Request vidually to 50, 125, 150, 200, 250, 333, plete specifications on this new head
500, or 600 ohms. The output imped- upon request.
ance may be similarly set. The mixer is
designed to feed directly into the mi- FM CAR RADIO /CONVERTER
crophone input of Ampex recorder Kincuuntri.., Inc.. 1616 N. Damen
Models 402, 403, and 350, and when Ave,. Chicago 47, Ill. has developed a
used with a special adapter cable, it versatile FM radio /converter for auto-
DYNACO will work into Ampex Models 400, 400A,
Super 401, and 401A.
I Fidelity STEREO CHANGER /PLAYER
Electronic Instrument Co. Inc.. 33 -00
OUTPUT Northern Blvd., Long Island City 1,
N. Y. is now offering a new four -speed
TRANSFORMERS automatic record changer /automatic-
manual single- record player as the mobiles. Called the "Skylark," the new
Advanced pulse techniques and Dy- Eieo Model 1007. equipment features a modular concept.
naco's patented para-coupled wind- The low- distortion stereo crystal The basic tuner serves as a converter,
ings and massive grain-oriented cores cartridge has been designed integrally ready to be used by car owners who
insure superior square wave perform- with the extra-long tone arm to elim- already have an AM radio installed.
ance and near-perfect transients. All inate mid -range resonances which can The addition of the compact "KX
transformers handle full rated power sometimes occur when tone arm and Audio Pak" makes a complete 15 -watt
from 20 cps to 20 KC, and are con- cartridge come from different makers. FM radio, so that if a new car -with-
servatively rated and guaranteed to The unit is supplied with a dual RC out an AM radio -is purchased at a
handle double nominal power from later date, the owner can have an FM
30 cps to 15 KC. system.
Res :
SPECIFICATIONS
or minus I db 6 cps to 60 KC.
Plus
The "Skylark" is said to be the
Power Curve: Within I db 20 cps to 20 KC. slimmest FM car radio available, ex-
Square Wave Response: No ringing or distortion
from 20 cps to 20 KC.
tending only inches below the dash-
Permissible Feedback: 30 db. board. It is reported
21.4- to work efficiently
MODELS on existing car antennas. The set fea-
A -410 15 watts EL -84, 6V6, 6A05 14.95
A-420 30 watts 5881, EL -34, KT -66 19.95 tures one -knob control placed close to
A -430 60 watts KT -88, EL -34
A-440 120 watts KT -88, 6550
29.95
39.95
the driver, as well as an edge -lighted
A-450 120 watts pp par KT -88, EL-34 39.95 FM and logging scale.
A-470 35 watts pp par EL -84, EL-34 24.95
(all with tapped primaries except A -440 which has TRANSISTORIZED RECORDER
tertiary for screen or cathode feedback)
IVrite for complete data on Dynaco transformers The Electronics Division of the
including suggested circuits and modernization of
IVilliamsom -type amplifiers to 50 walls output. magnetic input adapter. The cartridge Morse Sewing Machine Company, 122
snaps in and out of the tone arm with- W. 26th St., New York, N. Y. has a

Á INC-
3912 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia 4, Pa.
out tools and features an instantly re-
placeable twin stylus. The factory ad-
justed stylus force is 4.5 grams.
The Model 1007 features a special
speed-change and power transmission
41. -pound transistorized tape recorder
on the market, the Model 300.
This unit features a single control
for record, rewind, and replay. De-
signed as an office machine or for vari-
72 ELECTRONICS WORLD
ous portable applications, this 8 %" x
x 3%" recorder operates at 3.75

'' " "sdh

7
ips speed. The circuit is completely
transistorized and uses six transistors
and a varistor.
Available accessories include a crys-
SELECTIIIITY.. °'aown!
tal microphone, crystal earphone, re-
cording tape with 3" reels, a 3" take -up
reel, and a telephone adapter. Com-
plete performance specs and price in-
formation are available from the man-
ufacturer.
SPEAKER -BAFFLE COMBO
Utah Radio & Electronic Corp., 1124
E. Franklin St., Huntington, Indiana
is now marketing a ready -to-use speak-
er and baffle combination which uti-
lizes its new "Magni- Magic" inverted
speaker unit.
The dual- diameter design features
$18950 each, list

JUST ONE OF THE MANY

REASONS WHY VOCALINE'S
NEW COMMAIRE ED -27M IS THE WORLD'S
FINEST MULTI -CHANNEL CITIZENS BAND RADIO!

an 8 -inch, 8 -ohm speaker capable of Only Vocaline, specialist in unique circuitry for defense projects, could produce
handling 5 watts and screw terminals a remarkable performer like the ED-27M Commaire multichannel Class D citizens
that eliminate soldering. In four diff- band radio. This brilliantly-engineered unit assures the same uniform output,
erent series, the speaker -baffle com- sensitivity and selectivity over the entire 22 citizens band channels. Selectivity is
bination is available with (a) speaker - ±5 kc at points 6 db down, sensitivity: 0.3 mv! Audio output is 4.5 watts.
baffle, 70 -volt transformer and volume
control, (b) speaker -baffle and volume Incorporates Vocaline's exclusive "Silent- Aire" squelch with special noise sup-
control, (c) speaker and baffle only, pression circuit to assure complete silence in stand-by. The receiver is a double
and (d) speaker -baffle and transformer conversion superheterodyne with single crystal. For mobile operation, a transis-
only. Completely wired and ready for torized power supply affords dependable, economical operation. Supplied with
immediate use, the combination meas-
ures 12" wide, 9',4" high, and 4" deep at crystal for one channel (additional crystals can be supplied installed at $5.00
the top and 2'4" at the bottom. each), push -to -talk microphone, hanger and universal mount. 2 models: 115
The models are available in mahog- VAC -12 VDC and 115 VAC -6 VDC. *4 CHANNELS
any, blonde, and walnut finishes. Com-
plete specifications are available from
the manufacturer.
WIDE -RANGE OSCILLATOR
The Commaire ED -27 Single -Channel Citizens Band Radio ...
Jackson Elect um! In.strnn:ent Co., in a class by itself:
124 McDonough Street, Dayton, Ohio
is now offering a The single -channel version of the
wide -range oscil- Commaire -proven to be the finest ra-
lator that sup- dio in the Class D field. Incorporates
plies both sine - the same patented features as the
and square -wave ED -27M. Unequalled for range, signal -
output for check- to -noise ratio, audio fidelity and de-
ing hi -fi, stereo. pendability. $179.50 each, list.
and audio ampli-
fier circuits for
operation, volt-
age, gain, and
frequency re- Send complete literature to:
sponse.
The Model 605
features push- button range selection
and continuously variable output pow-
er. Frequency range is 20 to 200,000
VocAir2vE
COMPANY OF AMERICA
Name

Address
cps, in four ranges. The square wave 165 Coulter Street
is generated by a Schmitt trigger cir- Old Saybrook, Conn, City_ Zone State
cuit which is actuated by the sine
wave.
September. 1960 73

www.americanradiohistory.com
 is 3% or 1 cycle, whichever Built for table mounting, the mixer
THE REMARKABLE is Accuracy
greater. Output voltage is 0 to 5 is housed in a hardwood cabinet which
SONY RADIO volts r.m.s. sine -wave and 20 mv. to 7 measures 13" x 161/e" x 401/2 ". Access to
plate -to-plate volts square -wave. Out- all electronic modules is from the front
is ±1 db over the full range.
WIRELESS putThelevelunit for easy servicing.
measures 11" high, 7%"
MICROPHONE wide, and 13" deep. It draws 50 watts NEW VU METER
and will operate from any 50/60- cycle, Robins Industries Corporation.
110-120 -volt power source. Flushing, N. Y. has added the Model
The convenience and variety of uses for VU -100 vu meter to its line of audio
this remarkable instrument are almost TWO -SPEED TURNTABLE accessories.
beyond the imagination. The Sony CR -4 Ercona Corp., 16 West 46 St., New The meter measures 41/2 inches and
mike and radio transmitter can be York 36, N. Y., has introduced a new has a two -color scale; modulation cali-
slipped into a coat pocket for completely "Connoisseur" turntable for operation brations from 0 to 100% are provided
wireless on- the -street interviewing, at 33% and 45 rpm speeds. The turn- with vu calibrations from -20 to +3.
studio audience interviewing or on -the- The instrument provides dual imped-
spot broadcasting from awkward places. ance inputs for use with high- or low -
It gives complete freedom to active impedance circuits. Sensitivity of the
singers, dancers, comedians, performers basic movement is 200 µa. The meter
with electric instruments and actors, mounts in a 2%" diameter hole and ex-
eliminating the need for cumbersome tends to a depth of 1%" inches.
mike booms and entangling wires.
"MUSI -KAR" TUNER
Microphone, transmitter, receiver and Trans -Pacific Electronics Inc., 4216
carrying case, $250. For information or Lankershim Blvd., North Hollywood,
literature, write: Superscope, Inc., Dept. California has developed and is mar-
B, Sun Valley, California. keting a new FM tuner for cars which
has been tradenamed "Musi -Kar."
The unit is a true tuner, not a con-
verter, and merely uses the audio stage
of the car radio, the tuner output being
table uses a hysteresis synchronous cut into the volume control of the auto
motor. Speed change is accomplished set. The tuner provides full 86.5 1.5 to
by a double- stepped cone, ground inte- 109.5 mc. coverage. Sensitivity is
grally on the motor shaft to assure
concentricity. The motor shaft is sus-
pended in graphite nylon bearings and
all revolving shafts are precision
ground and lapped to a "mirror finish."
According to published performance
figures, the rumble factor is down -50
db when referred to 7 cm. /sec. at 1 kc.
Wow is stated to be .15 %; flutter.
0.1 %. Hum level is down to -80 db.
The turntable itself is 12 inches in di- µv. (antenna loaded) with quieting
ameter and lathe- turned of anti -mag- sensitivity of 2.5 µv. for 20 db quieting
netic non -ferrous metal. at 98 mc. The standard 50- to 72 -ohm
car-type antenna is used with the
TRANSISTORIZED MIXER tuner. The circuit employs six tubes
Westrex Corporation. Recording and a power transistor.
Equipment Department, 6601 Romaine Dimensions of the tuner are 8 %" x
St., Hollywood, Calif. has introduced 31/2" x 5 ". Complete details are avail-
a completely transistorized mixer for able from the manufacturer on re-
audio recording. quest.
The Type RA -1627 mixer accepts up
to eight inputs at a nominal level of -5 REMOTE SPEAKER SWITCH
Centralab, 900 E. Keefe Ave., Mil-
waukee 1, Wis. has added a stereo re-
mote speaker switch to its line of elec-
tronic controls.
The Model 1486 enables switching
from the "main pair" of stereo speak-
ers to a remote pair of stereo speakers
as well as permitting operation of all
four speakers simultaneously.
The switch is 1%2" high and 12%4"
wide. The 1/4" diameter shaft measures
11/2" from the bushing with 1/2" split
dbm and provides a single channel of knurl. It is supplied with a black and
equalized output in the range of -20 to chrome push -on knob and complete in-
+16 dbm. Input and output connections stallation instructions. This new item
are made through a terminal strip on is now available at all of the com-
the front. A jack field is provided to pany's distributors.
facilitate special circuit configurations.
Modular construction makes possible NEW ESL CARTRIDGES
configurations to meet any need in disc Electro-Sonic Laboratories, Inc., 35-
recording, radio, television, p.a., or mo- 34 36th St., Long Island City 6, N. Y.
SYPERSCOPE tion pictures. Response is flat within has introduced two new stereo car-
±0.5 db from 40 to 12,000 cps. tridges. Model ESL-C99 fits any stand -
74 ELECTRONICS WORLD
and changer or arm. Model ESL -P99
"Micro/Flex" is designed for use only
with the ESL -S310 professional series
arm. Both cartridges have otherwise

0 .
the ultimate in
a dynamically -
similar characteristics. Each uses pat-
ented d'Arsonval elements, said to be balanced
inherently linear. These elements are
coupled to the new "micro -flex" fric-
tionless stereo separating system.
tonearm
Specifications, listed by the manufac-
turer, are: vertical compliance, 5 x 10-" NEW
cm. /dyne; lateral compliance, the same;
dynamic mass, .0025 gram; output per
channel, 1 mv. at 10 cm. /sec.; channel
separation, 20 to 25 db.; frequency re-
sponse, with Elektra 35 test record, ±2
db, 18 to 20,000 cps.
AUDIO CATALOGUES
DATA FOR AUDIO BUILDERS
1'etcet, .soni. Corpora l ion, :33- 1837th
Street, Long Island City, N. Y. has
STEREO TONFARM
published a colorful and informative with superb new features for higher
brochure showing how hi -fi fans can
start modestly and build up a com- playback quality and installation ease:
plete sterephonic tape system.
The brochure features the company's Model S -220
Series 900 of "building block" stereo 12" arm
MICROPOISE DYNAMIC

tape decks and related preamplifiers. BALANCE CONTROL -By dialing

Through text and diagram, the book- $2095 the cushioned, spring -tension
let shows how to start with a "play- net Microscope Balance Control,
back only" unit and eventually wind up the arm is dynamically
with an integrated record -play, four - balanced and set for accurate
track stereo system. stylus pressure:
PERMANENTLY ATTACHED
HI FI /STEREO EQUIPMENT
Kierul,'f Sound Corporation has just PLUG -IN CABLE -fully shielded
published a new catalogue covering single-jacket cable is anchored
high- fidelity and stereo equipment. to the arm-includes two
The 84 -page booklet contains prod- color-coded plug-in leads,
uct and price information on a wide 2 shields and a ground wire.
variety of audio equipment and acces- No soldering! No hum
sories. Copies are available from any problem! Fast, correct
of the company's six locations in down- installation assured!
town Los Angeles, West Los Angeles,
Riverside, Long Beach, Studio City, FAST SINGLE -HOLE MOUNTING:
and Orange, California. Arm base mounts through
single hole by tightening
NEEDLE REFERENCE GUIDE PLUS THESE EXTRA FEATURES... of single Locknut.
Recoton Corp., 52 -35 Barnet Ave.,
Long Island City 4, N. Y. has an- Acoustically isolated counterweight. Revolutionary automatic
nounced publication of its 9th annual
"Simplified Replacement Needle Ref-
erence Guide".
Exclusive precision low friction Sili-
cone damped horizontal bearing
eliminates horizontal oscillation.
- control accommodating the
S -220 will soon be announced!

This easy -to-read, all- inclusive guide

now includes a phonograph manufac-
turers' index, both monophonic and
stereo, and a convenient cross -refer-
Exclusive gimbal assembly incorpo-

1 mm. bearings -
rates individual double sets of 5 ball,
provides freest
lateral and vertical motion and as-
e RekO -Kut Company, Inc., Dept.EW
38.19 108th St., Corona 68, N. Y.

Please send me free brochure:

ence guide. Also included on the cover sures perfect tracking.
page is a spot check listing from needle Plus many other exclusive Rek-O -Kut Name
to cartridge manufacturer and vice features.
Address
versa.
Extra Stereo Shell -
Model S- 260.... 16" arm __ 34.95 net
City lone State X
September. 1960 Model PS -20L
Still available
Model
-
S- 120..12"
5.95

arm. Now 24.95 Net Export: Morhan Exporting Corp. 458 Broadway, N. Y. 13.
101

Model S- 160.16" arm. Now 27.95 net Canada: Atlas Radio, 50 Wingold Ave., Toronto 19.

www.americanradiohistory.com
 versatile microphones pick up sound
YOUR NEEDLE The Proper Microphone
(Continued from page 38)
across approximately 45° to either side
of the front axis and attenuate sounds
arriving from the sides and back. The
IS DISTORTING phone for your particular application
farther off -axis the source of sound is
beyond 45 °. the greater the attenua-
consists of selecting the proper pickup tion, until at the back of the micro-
SOUND BYAS or polar pattern, either omnidirectional
or directional. Each type of micro-
phone there is almost no pickup at all,
as shown in Fig. 8A. This means that
one need merely aim the microphone
phone, irrespective of the generating
MUCH AS 85% element, has its own pickup character-
istics. In the case of directional micro-
at the person or group being recorded,
keeping the back of the microphone po-
(if it isn't a Fidelitone Pyramid Diamond )
phones, these characteristics are de- sitioned toward any source of echo,
A conventional needle with a rounded ball tip signed for a specific purpose. crowd. or other interfering noise.
can't fit the microgroove accurately. Its rounded It is not always easy to tell from the Whether the application is public ad-
shape prevents proper contact in the high tonal microphone's appearance what its di- dress or recording, the elimination of
passages. Result? Distortion and noise.
rectivity is. For example, a generating this unwanted noise is a prime neces-
But, Fidelitone's new Pyramid Diamond is shaped element mounted in a case with an sity. If the 90° acceptance angle (45°
like the original cutting stylus to fit the record open grille in front but closed in the each side of the front axis) across the
groove exactly. It maintains proper contact in
back may be an omnidirectional (also front of the cardioid microphone is too
all frequency areas. This lowers background
called non -directional) microphone. Its narrow, the microphone need merely
noise and distortion by as much as 85 %, and be moved back until the entire group is
reproduces only maximum true sound -
stereo looks are misleading since it would ap-
pear to pick up sound only from the within that angle. In the case of large
or monaural.
front through the open grille. But choirs or orchestras, an additional mi-
HERE'S WHY... sound waves from the back and sides crophone or two should be used.
of the case will produce as much out- It should be remembered that while
put in some microphone types as does an omnidirectional microphone is used
sound from the front. There are also only under good acoustical conditions,
microphones available whose directivi- the cardioid is not limited to just poor
Pyramid Diamond ty pattern can be changed from omni- conditions but can be used to advan-
R.cord,np Stylus Ordoary Noodle
directional to directional by simply tage under either. Professional cardi-
Fidelitone's new Pyramid Diamond is shaped
turning a screw. oid models are among the finest direc-
Similar to the stylus that recorded the original tional microphones available, although
sound. It perfectly follows every Omnidirectional microphones (Fig.
contour created by the recording 7A) can be built with nearly any type it is possible to obtain less expensive
stylus. of generating element. These micro- cardioid types. Practically any of the
phones are available from the lowest generating elements previously de-
In an unmodulated, or low fre. scribed can be used in the cardioid
quency groove, the recording stylus to the highest price classes. The more
(A) cuts a groove (W.1) wide expensive types represent the highest microphone.
enough to let an ordinary ball quality and most uniform response An even greater control of sound
point needle (C) and the Fidelitone available in today's microphones. pickup is produced by a new type
Pyramid Diamond (B) track the These pickup characteristics, how- "line" microphone. With this type, a
centerline of the groove accurate- short length of tubing or transmission
ly, and contact all recorded sound
ever, limit the applications in which
impressions. the omnidirectional type can be used. line, a foot or more long with openings
If used under poor acoustical condi- along its length, is arranged in front of
As the groove is modulated by
the generating element. This type, as
high tones, the groove width tions, these microphones will pick up
(W -2) cut by the recording stylus undesirable noise, echo, and reverbera- with the cardioid, picks up sound
(A -1) narrows. This causes tion. These, in public- address applica- across an angle of about 45° each side
the ordinary ball needle (C.1) tions, will cause feedback or acoustic of the front axis of the microphone.
to rise and "pinch out" of howl as the microphones pick up, and However, at the sides as well as the
the record groove. It back, arriving sounds are virtually can-
bridges modulation crests,
the speakers reproduce, the same echo
mistracks centerline and over and over again. But for some celled. With this greater control, the
distorts sound impressions. types of studio use, general nonstereo microphones can be moved back much
The Pyramid Diamond (8.1), recording in the home, or under favor- farther from the source of sound than
because of its new shape, stays able acoustic conditions, omnidirection- even the cardioid and normal pickup
solidly in the record groove, al microphones, particularly the better maintained. This makes the line mi-
smoothly glides along the center- quality dynamic types, are unsurpassed. crophone especially useful on stage
line positively driven by the pickups or any application where the
groove walls. The ribbon microphone provided the
first "control" of sound pickup. Its microphone cannot be used close to the
main pickup areas are from the front performer or other source of sound.
and back of the microphone along a The one remaining type is perhaps
line at right angles to the surface of much more specialized but is highly
the ribbon itself. It attenuates sounds useful where there is a high level of
BALL POINT DIAMOND PYRAMID DIAMOND
arriving from either side, or from surrounding noise. Such conditions are
above or below the microphone. This found in industrial plants, at sporting
And the new shape of the Pyramid Diamond attenuation helps to eliminate feed- events, and on emergency work. Mi-
allows more surface contact between needle and back and other undesirable noise by crophones of the differential or noise-
record, substantially reducing contact pressure. proper positioning of the microphone. cancelling type and built with a carbon
This greatly increases needle and record life. Fig. 7B shows the two -way directivity or a dynamic element are employed
See your record dealer or hi -fi specialist today. (bidirectional) characteristic of the here.
Demand the Fidelitone Pyramid Point. You owe ribbon microphone. Although this type The case of the differential micro-
it to your records and your listening pleasure. of response is unique with the ribbon, it phone has two openings, one leading to
For the complete story on the revolutionary new is possible to eliminate the back lobe of the front and one to the back of the
Pyramid Diamond, or the name of your nearest response entirely and produce a unidi- diaphragm. When used very close to
dealer, write Fidelitone, Chicago 26, Illinois. the lips, the sound pressure on the
rectional pattern.
Unidirectional microphones, with a front of the diaphragm is much greater

Fidelitone
"Newest shape on records"
heart- shaped or cardioid polar pattern,
provide greatly improved control of
sound pickup and, even for the novice,
are quite easy to use. These highly
than on the back since the sound must
travel quite a bit farther to reach the
back of the diaphragm. Under these
conditions, the microphone operates
76 ELECTRONICS WORLD
normally. However, sounds originating
more than 3 inches from the micro-
phone have about the same distance to CROWN INTERNATIONAL
travel to the front and back of the dia-
phragm. As a result, cancellation oc- Proudly Presents the
curs. Even extremely loud sounds,
such as jet engine noise and gunfire,
are cancelled. Applications for this mi- SUPRA "PROFESSIONAL" RECORDER
crophone are quite obvious.
Quality of Performance
The one remaining choice to be made
"800" Series
is the quality of performance desired. CROWN "X" CONTROL
This will depend on many things, in- lAll Ehectr cl
cluding the amount that one wants to
pay for the microphone. The owner MICRO QUEING
of a low -cost tape recorder may desire
professional results. He may never
quite achieve them, but the use of a THIRD HEAD
better microphone than that furnished MONITOR
with the recorder, the application of
the principles covered above, careful PHOTO -CELL
placement, and some patience, will, AUTOMATIC STOP
in many cases, produce substantial
improvements.
Quite naturally, the owner of a Cad- FULL REMOTE
illac will not fuel it with kerosene. CONTROL
Nor should the owner of professional
equipment, whether it he a tape re- STANDARD
corder or a public- address installation RACK MCUNT
in a cathedral, suddenly become econ-
omy minded in choosing microphones
for his use. They represent a long-
term investment and one of the few
variables where great improvement in
RECORD PERFORMANCE
4T FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
IPS
SPEED
FLUTTER
& WOW
NOISE
RATIO
Debut at September
New York
Hi -Fi Shows
- Chicago
2 db 30- 30.000 CPS 15 .060, 58 db
performance can be obtained.
Most medium- priced tape recorders
2
-3
db 20. 22.000 CPS
db 30- 15.000 CPS
7'4
334
.0900
.18'o
55 db
51 db CROWN INTERNATIONAL
The SUPRA Professional excels practically all "Proles. Division of
will produce dramatic improvements in soonal Standards" of ALL other recorders! For ,n-
formation eon 261. Elkhart. Indiana. or phone INTERNATIONAL RADIO & ELECTRONICS CORP.
recordings when at least a medium - 55.3.
ELKHART, INDIANA
priced microphone, properly chosen,
is added. Public- address installations
need not be expensive to produce fine
quality, but they must include the
PURCHASING TUNE ELECTRONIC
proper microphone.
The simple principles of choosing the A HI -FI ORGANS ACCURATELY QUICKLY
WITH A NEW
proper generating element, pickup pat-
tern, and desired quality will not only
assure the best value but can provide
SYSTEM? PARTIAL LIST AUTOTUNER
much satisfaction in the final results OF BRANDS
IN STOCK Every organ owner and service tech-
obtained. Send Us Jim Lansing* nician requires this valuable aid to
Alter Lansing precision organ tuning. This instru-
SUBSTITUTE GRILLE CLOTH Electrovoice ment enables anyone to quickly tune
By GLEN F. STILLWELL Your Jensen KLH Spkrs
Hartley Stephens
any electronic-oscillator organ (ex-
cept Thomas) without previous
University
IF YOU need a small piece of grille cloth Acoustic Research knowledge or skill.
and the genuine article is not avail- List Of Janssen
Wharfedale
An automatic stroboscopic indicator
able, try using a piece of burlap bag. Karlson Cabinets visually shows true pitch to an ac-
This isn't as silly as it sounds because Components Viking Nallicrafter curacy of 1 /100 of a semitone (more
even the coarsest and cheapest material Concertone accurate than human hearing), yet
can be made presentable by spraying it Bell G.E. you pay about 1/3 the price of other
with a coat or two of aluminum or gold For A Weathers
Horman-Kardon
tuning devices of similar precision.
paint. If only a very small piece is re- Eico Pilot
quired, it may be dipped into the paint. Sherwood`
then hung out to dry. In this way, soiled
Package Acrosound
Quad Ampl- Spkrs
grille cloth may be renovated to look Dual Changer Slack plastic case
like new. - - Quotation Bogen
Dynakit
Leak
Fisher with etched satin alu
H. H. Scott minum front panel.
Uher Recorder
So lightweight it may
WE WON'T BE Thorens
Pentron Revere be carried in your
UNDERSOLD! Ampex
Sony
DeWald
Roberts
pocket. Size 6s /,' x
Challenger 51/4" x 21y, ". Detailed
All merchandise is Wollensak instructions included.
brand new, factory Garrard Norelco
fresh & guaranteed. Miracord
Glaser- Steers
Rek -O -Kut
$6950
AIREX Components
Tandberg'
Fairchild
Pickering Gray
(tompletely assembled)

$4950 (l0 assemble-it- yourself kit)

RADIO Audio Tape

Mag ecord'
Rockford Cabinets
Artisan Cabinets
(N.Y.C. Residents

MAIL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY

odd 3% Sales Tax)
FULLY GUARANTEED

CORPORATION 'Fair Traded THE SCHOBER ORGAN CORPORATION,Dept.RN1

64 -R Cor +land} St., N. Y. 7, CO 7-2137 43 West 61st Street, New York 23, N. Y.
Manufacturers of the World-famous S, hober Organ Kits.

September 1960 77
 HEATH

PRESENTS

"ECONOMY" STEREO AM /FM TUNER KIT (ÁJ10)

Full fidelity' ANt and FM reception, plus up -to- the -minute design features arc yours at
minimum cost with this new Heathkit stereo tuner. Features include: 2.5í1v sensitivity
NEW for 20 db quieting; individual flywheel tuning; separate magic -eye tuning indicators
for AM and FM; AM bandwidth switch; 3- position (off-half-full) automatic frequency
control (AFC); FM multiplex adapter output. 14 lbs. $5995
AJ-10
$6.00 dn., $6.00 mo.

HI -FI RATED 25/25 WATT STEREO AMPLIFIER (AA -50)

ITEMS In one handsome package. you get both stereo power and control. with a host of deluxe
features. Hi -fi rated at 25 watts per stereo channel (50 watts mono), this new Heathkit
design includes channel separation control; new mixed center speaker output; stereo
reverse and balance controls; separate tone controls for each channel with ganged

your for
volume controls; five switch- selected inputs for each channel (stereo "mag. phono,"
tape head. 3 hi-level). Extra input for mono "mag. phono." Special outputs for tape
recording. Ease of assembly assured by two circuit boards. 30 lbs. 995
AA-50 $1995
$8.00 dn., $8.00 mo.

MIXED LOWS
STEREO CROSSOVER KIT (AN -10)

summertime Permits using one bass woofer and more econom-

ical "wing" speakers for stereo. Delivers non -
directional bass of both channels below 250 cps to
one woofer; passes higher frequencies to wing
speaker. Takes 25 watts per channel; 8. 16 ohm
woofers; 8 ohm high freq. speakers. 10 II

enjoyment AN-10
51995

Player Kit by Heath

Mechanism by Garrard
-
MANUAL
STEREO RECORD PLAYER KIT (AD -10)
Rubber matted heavy turntable is shock mounted,
I and idler wheels retract to prevent flat spots.
DAVSTROM, .>--OA..Co 4 -pole motor; 16, 33! 1, 45 and 78 RPM; Sonatone
La/ STA 4 -SD ceramic stereo turnover cartridge with
diamond and sapphire styli; preassembled mecha-
nism and base. 10 lbs. 53395
AD-10
Quality Stereo at
Minimum Cost
ECONOMY STEREO PREAMPLIFIER KIT
(AA -20)
A low -cost. versatile stereo preamp -s ontrol center.
Fcnu inputs each channel accept magnetic car-
tridge. crystal or ceramic cartridge. and tuner,
tape, 'I'V. etc. Si x position function .s5 itch gives
flexible st, co or monophonic me. Features cath-
i

ode Ioli ei outputs plus hi -level outputs for tape

, s

recordeu .B ice, calibrated B: xandall -type lone

control. L,r each channel. eloteh -type volume
controls. filament balanr, i)1.. and accessory
AC sockets. Self- power,,. I. I in black and
gold. 8 lbs. 53495
A A-20

PROFESSIONAL RATED 35/35

WATT BASIC AMPLIFIER KIT (AA -40)
a superb dual ., s..ut .terra amplifier
or a lull -fledged 70 watt monophonic amplifier.
Features a mixed- channels center speaker output
for fill -in sound. and individual level controls for
stereo. "Stereo Monti' switch ties both amplifiers
to one level control for monophonic use. Dual out-
puts for 4. 8. 16. and 32 ohm speakers. Paralleling
outputs for 70 watt monophonic uze matches 2.
4. 8, and 16 ohm speakers 41 lbs.
AA-40 $7995
S8.00 dn., $8.00 mo.

HI -FI RATED 14/14 WATT BASIC

STEREO AMPLIFIER KIT (AA -30)
(not illustrated)
14 watts per channel. separate level controls,
local /remote power switch. circuit board. Styled
like AA -40 above. 21 lbs. $4595 AA-30

Perfect for Summer Sun 55)1 el I nn!

6- TRANSISTOR PORTABLE RADIO KITS (XR -2 Series)
Assembled in only a few hours, both of these models incorporate superior
design features that will give you portable -listening enjoyment day after day.
Vernier tuning control gives smooth. easily-separated station tuning. Large
4" x 6" PM speaker with heavy magnet provides "big set" richness of tone.
Operates on standard size "D" flashlight batteries. Six Texas Instrument
transistors. $2995
XR-2P (plastic. 6 lbs.
XR -2L (simulated leather) 7 lbs. $34.95

MOBILE PA SOUND EQUIPMENT

Perfect for political campaigns. advertising. sport-
ing events ...
hundreds of PA applications. The
10 watt amplifier operates from any 12 to 15 volt
battery. Features an all- transistor circuit for
rugged. dependable performance and long life.
No warm -up time required. Mounts easily under f
auto dash. Inputs for microphone and music
source. Two channel mixing circuit "fades" auxili-
ary input when used with microphone supplied
. lets you override music with voice without
. .

changing control settings. Outputs for 8 and 16

ohm speak, I,
MOBILE PA AMPLIFIER KIT (AA -80)
$39.95
COMMERCIAL SOUND SYSTEM (CSS-1)
0l AA -hu
51.55
one I61ar,, l'. ...., :. .. FREE CATALOG
COMMERCIAL SOUND SYSTEM (CSS-2) Send for your free Heathhit catalog today
as aboc.' e,.-pi _ ii $99.95 ... describes over 150 hi -fi, ham, test,
EXTRA HORN SPEAKERS (401.38): marine, and general kits.
As described abuse. $19.95
1
 NEW! Citizens Band Transceiver...
CITIZENS BAND
TRANSCEIVER KIT (GW -10)
Now, from Heath, a new 2 -way Citizens Band
Transceiver with every modern improvement for
clear, noise -free operation. The superheterodyne
receiver section may be either crystal controlled
on any one predetermined channel, or all 23
channels may be continuously tuned by the front
panel tuning knob; a front panel switch selects
either crystal or variable control. An automatic
"series gate" noise limiter minimizes impulse-type
noises (ignition interference, etc.). Adjustable
squelch control silences the receiver during "stand-
by." Press-to -talk microphone features a coil -cor.'
connection to the transceiver. Transmitter is
crystal controlled on any one of 23 assigned chan-
nel frequencies chosen. Order model GW -10A for
11'v AC operation; order GW -10D for 6 and
12v DC operation, both with self-contained power
supply. 11 lbs. $ 95
GW -10A or GW-10D each

$6.30 dn., $8.00 mo.

For Boating, Fishing, Ten- transistor ".lIolti'nn -

Skirt di ring GENERAL COVERAGE

.ï band 11m-incr.' TRANSISTOR DEPTH RECEIVER KIT (GC -1)
TRANSISTOR DIRECTION SOUNDER KIT (DS -1) 1'irst kit of its kind to use ceramic IF
FINDER KIT (DF -3) Completely transistorized. Indicates depth. "l'ranslilters." Covers 550 to 30 me on 5
1 nine- transistor circuit. flashlight type of bottom. and submerged objects. bands. with 5 separately calibrated bands
beacry power supply. pre-assembled. pre- from 0 to 100 feet. Powered by 6 flashlight to cover amateur frequencies (including 11
aligned tuning section. three bands (beacon- batteries for complete portability. Trans- meter citizens band). Powered by 8 flash-
aeronautical, broadcast and marine -tele- ducer included may be mounted through light batteries. Built -in 54" whip antenna,
phone). and a new "sense" antenna system hull, or temporarily outboard. Rugged. tuning meter, headphone jack. 21) lbs.
that eliminates 180' ambiguity in bearings. splash- resistant cabinet. Adjustable mount-
Splash resistant. 13 lbs. ing bracket. 10 1hs. GC-1 $10995
DF-3 $9995 DS-1 $6995 (Less Batteries)
$10.00 dn., $9.00 mo. $7.00 do.. $7.00 mo. $11.00 dn., $10.00 mo.

First of a Series
EDUCATIONAL KIT (EK -1)
Teaches. as you build. the basic "yardsticks" of
electronics ... opens up fascinating areas of study
for youngsters and adults alike. The combination
kit and text- workbook gives you a practical dem-
onstration of the principles of voltage. current and
resistance. the theory and construction of direct
current series and parallel circuits. voltmeter.
ammeter and ohmmeter circuits and the applica-
tion of ohms law to these circuits. 'l he completed
meter is used to verify ohms law and the maximum
power transfer theorem. one of the most important
theorems in electronics. The finished kit. a prac-
tical volt-ohm- milli :unmeter. may be used in a
variety of applications. Procedures ti u' checking
home appliances and automobile circuits included
with the kit. The EN -I will serve as a prerequisite
to following Hcathkit Educational kits: get started
NOW in this -learn-by-doing- series. 4 lbs.
$1995
EK1
MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE
TUBE TESTER KIT (TT -1)
An impressive list of electronic and mechanical lea.
tuns make this tube tester one of the finest values in
the electo sties industry. Test Gnt (amplifiers) from
0 to 24.000 micromhos. Emission. Leakage. Grid
Current IA microampere sensitivity). Voltage Regu-
t

lators (built -in variable I)C power supply). low

power Th ratron and Lye tubes. Features 300. 450
and 600 ma constant current heater supplies. Life
test. Hybrid tube test. built -in switch- operated cali-
bration circuit. Large. easy -to -read meter. Constant
tension. free rolling illuminated chart. Kit includes
wiring harnesses. Assembly skill of technician or
higher recommended; assembly time. 40 hours aver-
age. Black leatherette case with white trim. nylon
feet. removable top. A specialized tool of unusual
value that will pay for itself many times over. 2- lbs.
TT-1 x13495
$13.50 dn., 512.00 mo.

Heathkit- gives you more

. \-eft Improred Design
TRANSISTOR MOBILE in these 10 ways
POWER SUPPLY (HP -10) 1. BUILDING A HEATHKIT IS EASY-Check -by -step instruction
All transistor circuit! Operates manuals make it virtually impossible for you to fail.
from 11 to 15VDC input: at 2. BUILDING A HEATHKIT IS QUICK -No complicated, tech-
12VDC provides 600 VDC @. nical jargon for you to decipher; at most, a Heathkit takes only a
200ma. or 600VDC
300VDC Or 100ma simultane-
t
150ma & few evenings to assemble.
3. BUILDING A HEATHKIT IS ECONOMICAL -Mass production
and purchasing economies are passed directly along to you, our
ously. at 120 watts. Negative 125V customers.
et 30 ma also provided. Max. 4. BUILDING A HEATHKIT IS EDUCATIONAL -As you build,
ambient temp. 150° G 120 watts you learn ...
more about electronics, more about the component
ICAS. Input required: 2 amps units and when and where to add them.
idling; 13 amps full output. In- 5. BUILDING A HEATHKIT IS FUN -Nothing quite equals the
cludes heavy filtering, remote re- sense of achievement you receive when you successfully complete
lay primary control, silicon recti- a Heathkit unit and "tune -in" for the first time.
6. YOUR HEATHKIT IS GUARANTEED -Every Heathkit unit is
fiers, aluminum heat sinks. 10 lbs.
$4495
guaranteed to meet advertised performance specifications or ...
your money will be cheerfully refunded.
HP-10
7. YOUR HEATHKIT IS AVAILABLE ON CONVENIENT CREDIT
-Our time payment plan makes it possible for you to order now
.. pay later.
8. YOUR HEATHKIT IS TOPS IN QUALITY -The very finest in
NEW .Sir and Ten .31e ter electronic equipment comes to you in kit form from the Heath
Company.
TRANSCEIVER KITS 9. HEATHKIT DEALERS CAN SERVE YOU LOCALLY -Carefully
(HW -19 and HW -29) selected Heathkit representatives are available in many localities.
Combination crystal controlled The convenience of local Heathkit sales and service costs but a
transmitters and variable tuned few dollars more.
10. HEATHKIT SERVICE IS CUSTOMER SERVICE-Our staff of
receivers operating fixed or mo- technical experts is always ready to answer your questions or help
bile on the 6 and 10 meter ama- you if you have any difficulty.
teur bands (50-54 me for HW-29
and 28 -29.7 me for HW -19).
Superregenerative receiver pulls ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS
A ® Fill ore the order blank below. In
in signals of 1 microvolt; trans-
mitter input approximately
watts. Built-in 117 VAC power
5 HEATHKIT dude charges for parcel post ac
cording to weights shown. Express
orders shipped delivery charges
collect. All prices F.O.B. Benton
supply, metering jack, press -to- Harbor, Mich. A 20% deposit is re

r
nuired on all C.O.D. orders. Prices
talk cw'itch. 10 lbs. subier to change without notice.
HW -19 (10 meters) 53995 DAY ST ROM,..co..o...ro
HW-29 ( 6 meters)
Less crystal HEATH COMPANY, Benton Hart or 15. Michigan
Please send the following HEATHKITS:
ITEM MODEL NO. PRICE

send today for Your

FREE HEATHKIT- CATALOG
Over 150 items of hi -fi,
Ship via ( ) Parcel Post ( ) Express ( ) COD ( ) Best Way
marine, amateur, test and general
( ) SEND MY FREE COPY OF YOUR COMPLETE CATALOG
equipment are illustrated
and described in the complete Name

Heathkit catalog. Address

City Zone_ State

Dealer and export prices slightly higher.

www.americanradiohistory.com
ON*, Pewee
IN ALL DIRECTIONS . . .
A Vibrator "Washer"
WITH THE// By

q-qua J FRANK DE BRA

II
A handy "conditioner" for service shops handling
Colinear Ground Plane
automotive, two -way mobile, or marine radio work.
FOR

Citizens Band SOMETIMES a new vibrator just don't make and break with the a.c.
won't start, as you fellows who do across them, they won't burn clean.
any automobile radio and other mobile A good idea is to open one of each
work already know. Or, if it does start, type of vibrator you use, insert it in the
3.4DB it doesn't produce the voltage it should. proper socket, and watch to see that
OMNIDIRECTIONAL The reason for this is that the con- each set of points is making and break-
tact points become oxidized while the ing with the voltage across it. Sparking
Model CLR, vibrator is lying around on the shelf each time the vibrator is started and
$49.95 List waiting to be put into service. This oxi- stopped indicates that the vibrator is
dation does not hurt the vibrator, it being properly "washed ". Also this
just keeps it from operating. gives you a positive check on whether
Nearly every technician has, at one you wired the socket correctly or not.
time or another, resorted to the use of a The lamp may be any value from 75
lamp in series with the 117 volts a.c. to watts down. The lower the wattage of
get a vibrator started. While this "gim- the lamp, the lower the current through
mick" works, after a fashion, it is not it and across the vibrator contacts.
really satisfactory since it is capable Twenty -five watts should be about
Unlike multi -element beam antennas of getting the technician "all shook up" right but 50 watts won't hurt anything.
which concentrate energy in one or if he is careless and gets himself instead One word of caution Don't leave the
:
more directions at a sacrifice in power of the vibrator across the 117!
in other directions, the Hy -Cain Coli- vibrator operating in the "washer"
near Half Wave Length Ground Plane To get a new vibrator to vibrate sat- longer than necessary. A few seconds is
achieves gain through coliuear action isfactorily, it is necessary to burn the usually all that is required to burn off
which concentrates more power at oxidation off all the contact points, not the oxidation. Longer operation can
lower angles to the horizon
forming equally well receiving or
...
per- just the pull and interrupter. In our damage the points by too much burn-
shop we built a "vibrator washer." ing.
transmitting. Exclusive Hy -Gain de- Each new vibrator goes through the The diagrams of Fig. 1 will cover
sign, precision tuned and matched for washer and gets all its contact points most of your requirements. However,
52 ohm coax cable, conforms to legal thoroughly "washed" before it goes into
limitations, overall height 18 ft., built be sure to check a vibrator chart to
to heavy duty commercial specs, radi- service. determine your specific needs. --
ator 1 -1/4" OD to 3/4" OD heavy The diagram (Fig. lA) shows how
wall heat treated aluminum tubing, our unit is made. Our business is ma- Fig. I. Various vibrator socket arrange-
radials 9 ft. long of 5/8" OD alumi- rine electronics and we handle 6 -, 12 -, ments for types most often used in (A)
num tubing. Cycolac plastic base in- 24 -, and 32 -volt vibrators, synchronous
sulator ... accepts masts to 1 -5/8 ".
Complete with matching stub.
and non -synchronous. Other versions
marine. (B) automotive, and (C) mo-
bile communications radio equipment.
for other types of service work are
shown in Figs. 1B and 1C. Our washer
Investigate the ' '/ a has proved itself capable of handling
95% of our vibrator types. The various
vibrator sockets and the lamp socket
COMPLETE CITIZENS BAND LINE are mounted in a "Minibox ". No fuse
is necessary because a short merely
including lights the lamp. LAMP SOCKET
25m TO 75W.
BEAMS If this particular model doesn't suit LAMP

GROUND PLANES your needs, it is a simple matter to re-

AND ANTENNAS design it. See Figs. 1B and 1C.
FOR MOBILE. First, make a list of the various types
CLOSE RANGE of vibrators you will want to "wash."
AND Vibrators with the same base are not
PORTABLE USE necessarily the same inside, so refer to
a vibrator guide to determine the num-
NEW, FREE ber of different sockets or differently
CATALOG AVAILABLE wired sockets you will need. Then, still
SEE YOUR NEAREST JOBBER referring to the guide, work up a wiring
OR WRITE TO diagram.
In determining the correct wiring,
there are two things which must be
kept in mind: 1. Be absolutely certain
that the lamp is always in series with NOTE
the line. The 117 volts of a.c. directly SOCKET I
MUST BE
MOUNTED A

across the contacts can ruin a good vi- BASE SPRING CUP CON-
NECTED TO THE SOCKET

antenna products brator in nothing flat; and 2. In order to CENTER

00
TERMINAL.
NOT GROUND THIS CLIP
LAMP
do a thorough job, each pair of contacts AS IT MAS 117 VA C. ON IT.
1135 No. 22nd St. Lincoln, Nebr. must have a.c. across them. If they (C)

82 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 a new way
to measure
amplifier
power!
It's no secret that the new Music Power Rating system
is now being used by many hi -fi manufacturers in determining
amplifier power. How does this new system compare to the
conventional sinewave continuous power method ? Is it of
real value to both manufacturer and consumer? October
ELECTRONICS WORLD examines Music Power Rating in depth -
answering these questions and many others. It's just one
of the many important hi -fi features coming your way in the
October issue of ELECTRONICS WORLD.
October ELECTRONICS WORLD also brings you many other features
on servicing, construction, test equipment. You'll want
to read about:
Pneumatic Devices for Electronic Circuits
The technician who deals with electronic gear that works
in conjunction with other non -electronic equipment must have a
thorough understanding of the entire picture. Here's a rundown on
the role of pneumatic devices that tie in with electronic systems.
Hand Held Citizens Band Transceiver
Complete construction details on a transistorized transceiver
that weighs less than two pounds and has a range of one mile
Perfect for intercom applications, it may be operated
without a license.
ELECTRONICS our

Don't miss October

i>I

ELECTRONICS WORLD - authoritative

... informative... important!

September, 1960 83
 1,04,11 LAFAYETTE HE -15A
2 -WAY SUPERHET
CITIZENS BAND TRANSCEIVER!

Complete
Wired -
NO
Not Superregenerative but SUPERHET!
COMPLETE 2 -WAY COMMUNICATIONS FOR
BUSINESS, HOME, FARM, BOAT, AND SPORTS

Effective Full
NOW WITH ADDED FEATURES
-Wave Variable Noise Limiter
phone Jack For Easy Relay Addition
Five Prong Micro-
RF Jack on Front Panel
R450
AND
5 Transmitting Positions Tuneable Receiver Over Full 23 ONLY
Channels Planetary Vernier Tuning Complete with Trans- 5.00 Down
mitting Crystal for Channel 9
-
CITIZENS BAND -
The New Two -Way Personal Communications Method for Every- conversion to a push -to -talk relay a cinch. RF iack on the front panel may be used
one
nation or technical knowledge required
fora license.
-
Fill Out the FCC form enclosed with each Lafayette Transceiver. No examl
Any citizen 18 years or older is eligible
to monitor the current in the final tube using external meter.
Controls include a 3 position function switch (transmit, receive, and transmit with
spring return), planetary vernier tuning plus variable noise limiter. Output imped-
ance matches 52 and 72 ohm antenna with Amphenol type coax connector. Has large
BAND FIELD
THE GREATEST VALUE in the CITIZENS radio 4" PM speaker; input iack for crystal or ceramic microphone; power receptacle in
lust think ... communication
now you can have economical, efficient 2 -way
from your home, office, store, auto, truck or boat ...
literally hundreds of uses. The
rear for AC line and 6 or 12 volt external power supply. Supplied with single trans-
mitting crystal for channel 9, high output crystal microphone, and brackets for easy
Lafayette HE -15A Superheterodyne Transceiver is both a trans-
compact precision mounting of units in auto, boat, etc. Operates on 115 volts AC. Addition of 6 or 12
mitter and receiver designed to operate on the new class D "Citizens Band." Two or volt power supply (separately supplied) adapts transceiver, for mobile operation.
more of these units furnish your own communications system covering up to a 20 Size 101/4Wx5V2Hx63b "D. Tube completement: 2- 6UBA /6EA8, 1 -6AL5, 16V6, 1.12AX7,
mile or more radius depending on antenna height and terrain. 1 -658. Shpg. wt., 11 lbs.
_.._ Net 64.50
The Lafayette HE -15A meets all FCC reouirements and operates In much the same HE-15A 5.00 Down
manner as police and other short-wave communications systems. The Transceiver POWER SUPPLY: Adapts HE -15A for mobile operation. Complete with cable,
features 5 crystal controlled transmitting channels operating at a maximum legal 6 or 12 volt vibrator and mounting flanges. Completely enclosed. Size 41 /4Dx6Wx4 "H.
power input of 5 watts fully modulated, RF stage in both transmitter and receiver. Lhpg wt., 4 lbs.
The 5 position crystal selector on the front panel selects any one of 5 transmitting HE -16 For 12 Volts ._ .... Net 11.95
freouencies. These 5 crystals are readily accessible by means of a removable front HE -18 For 6 Volts Net 11.95
plate. The superheterodyne receiver is tuneable over the full 23 channel hand with TRANSMITTING CRYSTALS: For any of the 23 channels. Specify channel
3 watts audo output, AVC, and an amazingly effective Full -Wave Variable Noise
or frequency.
limiter. The noise limiter is continuously variable from the front panel for diminish- NE -830 .. _. _. Singly Net 2.95 4 for 10.95
ing ignition and other unwanted noise pickup. A new 5 prong microphone jack makes
.

SENSATIONAL LAFAYETTE CITIZEN BAND NEW! LAFAYETTE TELESCOPIC CITIZENS BAND

MOBILE ANTENNA WHIP ANTENNA

CHROME
BASE
PLUS
SWIVEL

SS STEEL
THE SCOOP BUY POR CITIZENS BAND MOBILES

Chrome swivel ball mount base designed to

be mounted on any surface. Stainless steel
spring holds rod in properly adjusted position
Chrome Plated
Telescopes From 161/2 to 40"
Mounts Vertically or Right Angle
95#i
STaINL and prevents rod damage from shocks and An outstanding antenna value. This high quality three
PLUS blows. Stainless steel whip for maximum resi-
section telescoping antenna is designed for attachment
1021/2" STAIN. directly to your citizens band transceiver. Ideal for point
LESS STEEL WHIP liency and strength. Shpg. wt., 4 lbs. to point service over short distances. Molded base load-
FOR OPTIMUM 11 Net 6.95 ing coil has a threaded stud with a PL -259 plug- connector
METER PERFORM-
NE -800WX _. _
for vertical or right angle mounting. Shpg. wt.; 1 Ib.
ANCE HE -19 Net 3.95

NEW! LAFAYETTE RADIO FIELD INDICATOR

NEW! 10,000 OHMS PER VOLT MULTITESTER
Provides Continuous Indication of Transmitter Output
Outperforms Instruments Many Times Its Size a
Rugged 200 ua Meter Movement Completely Portable
Extra Large 3l/2" Meter Face -Requires no Electricity, Batteries or Transmitter Connection.
Completely Wired and Tested With this rugged, new radio field indicator you can check
performance of your marine, mobile or fixed transmitter .
All Accessories Included actually measures the RF field generated by any transmitter
A convenient, pocket -sized instrument with an unusually sen- between 100KC and 250MC regardless of power. Features a
sitive 14,000 ohms -per -volt AC -DC meter, 1% resistors, single 200 ua meter movement with a variable sensitivity control.
range selector switch. First capacity range requires 120V AC, Phone jack at rear of indicator accepts earphones thus pro-
second range requires 6V AC. Durable Bakelite case and viding an aural check pf transmitter output. Antenna extends
panel; probes and flexible !Pads are plastic coated and color from 31/4 to 103/4 ". Powerful magnet on bottom plate allows
coded. Complete with battery. 41/3x31/2)(11/6". Shpg. wt., 11/2 easy mounting on car dashboard or metal surfaces. Use any-
lbs. where . ..requires no electricity or batteries. Dimensions:
TE -10 .. Net 9.95 (less antenna) 3VeWx21/4Hx2"D.
Pigskin Carrying Case, Shpg. wt., 8 or. Net 1.95 TM -14 Net 7.95
TE -14

TTE
R. A n I CO
-1E' 1
PLEASE INCLUDE SHIPPING CHARGES WITH ORDER
NEW YORK, N.Y.
100 6th Avenue

NEWARK, N.J.
BRONX, N. Y.
542 E.

PARAMUS, N.
Foraham Rd.

Route 17
192
J.
BOSTON, MASS.
110 Federal Street

PLAINFIELD, N.1.
139 W. 2nd Street
24 Central Avenue
165-08 LIBERTY AVENUE JAMAICA 33, NEW YORK (1 MI. North Garden State Plaza)
 RJ ELECTR
OUR 40T'
GI.74l..00 610
LAFAYETTE
F,r
î- 7i.inKdo!y'J.
'. ü::

vT o
q*wierxr
L+£AA
N
s 4

Lafayette Radio's
1961 Catalog
America's "Electronics & Hi -Fi Shopping Center"
40 years of service to Audiophiles, Experimenters. Hobbyists,
Engineers, Technicians, Students, Servicemen and Dealers.
-
the biggest, best and most comprehensive
catalog you can ask for. Choose from thousancs of items,
all available for immedate delivery at the lowest, money-
saving prices. And, as always, SATISFACTION GUARAN-
TEED OR MONEY REFUNDED.

"The Best Buys In The Business"

Ql Stereophonic Hi -Fi Equipment
m Public Address Systems

KT-650 FM Tuner Kit

54.50
Il
l+' Tape Recorders
I
CL1 Radio and TV Tubes and Parts
I Citizen Band Equipment
Amateur Equipment
1 Industrial Supplies

Exclusive at Lafayette. Lafayette Kits: Build a path

to a new world of entertainment. Created, designed

-
and engineered for top quality bt top performance
there's more fun in doing it yourself, especially

TE -15 Checker Electronics -

when it's so easy. An exclusive product of Lafayette
easily the best value for your money

: _44114
any day.
PLUS Hundreds of "specials" you'll find only
at Lafayette.
Easy Pay Plan. The simplest, and quickest way
RW -60 20,000 Ohms Per to get what you want, when you want it. As little
Volt Multitester as $2 down ...
up to 24 months to pay.
9.95
Mail the coupon today for your
FREE copy of Lafayette Radio's
1961 catalog.

r r' Lafayette Radio Electronics Corp

1
Dept. RI -6, P.O. Box 190
Jamaica 31, N. Y,
Stereo Control Center
KT -600, Kit Send me the FREE Lafayette 324 page
1961 catalog 610
79.50
LA -600, Wired
1
134.50
tc
Address_
Communications Receiver
KT -200, Kit HE -10, Wired City

- - - - -J
Zone...__ State
64.50 79.95
---------

www.americanradiohistory.com
 you've been told
THERE'S - New Tube Tester Data
NOTHING Recent listings with which owners of Triplett
BETTER... tube checkers can keep roll charts up to date.

TRIPLETT MODEL 3414

FIL TYPE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g O CKT. LCA!

I
5GH8
5GH8 Test 2 --- - --
D
- - - U*
U*
D*
D* D
D D 3
3
81
45
38
J
J
6EV7
6EV7 Test 2
6GC6
-- - - -D --
D

U*
D

D
- U*
U*
D*
D" D
D*
D
6
6
3
38
23
J
4 & 8 show short
D* 3 32
J
J
6GM6
6GM8/ECC86
D
-- D

--
D
U*

--
D U* D*
-- 5
5 95
95

.0-1-sneaker 7'F-3
the thrifty
1

K
6GM8 Test 2
7DJ8/PCC88 -- U*
U*
D*
D*
D
D
D
D 4
4
58
58
ft-Oln
K 7DJ8 Test 2
- D
- D
-- U* D*
3 59
ensen K 8ET7 U* D* D D
D` 3 42
K
K
N
8ET7 Test 2
8ET7 Test 3
12FR8
D
D
D
D

D
- D
D
U"
U*
U"
D*
D* - - - D D
3
1
42
33
In the "budget" price range, there is no finer
speaker system on the market. In fact, care- N 12FR8 Test 2 D D D U* D* D D D 1 70
ful comparison proves that Jensen's beauti- 20
N 12FR8 Test 3
-
D
- -
D D U" D* 1
fully balanced TF -3 is unquestionably the 88
finest ...not only the best "buy" but .
N 12FX8 U" D* D 1

point for point, the best system -and you Pin 7 shows leakage above megohm
pay much less.
N
N
12FX8 Test 2
12FX8 Test 3
-
D
D
D -- U"
U"
D' D
D" - -
1

D
D
D -
D
1

1
40
10

-D- --
77
N
N
N
12GA6
12GA6 Test 2
12GC6
--
D D U" D*
D
U"
U*
D
D* D
D*
1

3 23
9

- -- -- 4 &
-
8 show short

0 O
O
O
T
14GT8
14GT8 Test 2
14GT8 Test 3
35GL6
D

D
- D
- D
U*
U*
U*
U"
D*
D*
D*

-leakage -
D*
D*
D 2
4
4
5
60
22
22
63

('O/imp(!!Y' ... J 7247 -- - Pin 1

D* -
shows
D*
- D D U"
U*
7
6
55
25
components: The TE -3 uses a 10" Flexair
woofer, effective from 25 cycles, two special
midrange units, and the new Jensen Sono -
J
J
J
7247 Test 2
7408
7581
-- D
Ti"
U*
-- D
--
D* D*
D
D
D*
D*
D
D
3
4
52
63
Dome Ultra Tweeter ... so brilliant a speaker,
a round U or n.
it does not even begin to operate until 10,000
cycles!
power ratings: The TF -3 drives to full room
volume with a good quality 10 watt amplifier.
It does not require a 20 watt amplifier for TRIPLETT MODEL 3444
clean performance.
enclosures: In the Jensen TF -3 you get top NOTES
quality construction Ye" gum hardwood, TUBE A B ELEMENTS C D REJ/AVG
rigidly built. It stains beautifully -or paint or
build -in as you choose. Dimensions: 13'V," H., 2-01C 5.0 0 1200 -0 -0000 11 8 Diode F (6)
23 %" W., 1114" D.
2C36 6.3 12 1254-0 -0000 2 3 2.2/4.5 F
COLT /pa/ -c . . * 2C39 6.3 4 1254 -0 -0000 1 3 3.0/6.0 F
price: There is no real comparison. S/ y'`* 7.0/14.
ny1

3E29 6.3 5 1563 -2 -5100 3 4 (6)

You are invited to make these comparlsons- (Connect two plate terminals with jumper.)
and any others you wish- between the 4 -65A 6.3 15 1605-0 -6200 2 2 1.2/2.4 (6)
Jensen TF -3 and any other "rated" speaker 829B 6.3 5 1563 -2 -5100 3 4 7.0/14. (6)
system gn the market regardless of price.
Comparison with the thrilling sound of the (Connect two plate terminals with jumper.)
TF -3 will still further prove that . . . 832 -A 6.3 8 1563-2-5100 3 3 3.5/7.0 (6)
(Connect two plate terminals with jumper.)
there is always something better front 5894/AX9003 6.3 7 1563 -2 -5100 3 4 6.5/13. (6)
JENSEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY (Connect two plate terminals with jumper.)
OnoVON Of 7.1I 0...17CA CO.
6263 6.3 40 1235 -4 -0000 1 3 3.5/7.0
6601 S. Laramie Ave., Chicago 38, Illinois
In Canada: Rentre.. Electric Co.. Ltd., Toronto
In Mexico: Universel De Mexico, S.A., Mexico D.F.

86 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
the people who brought you the MORE POWER
PER POUND

SPEAKER now offer

MORE SOUND
PER LIFE
in the revolutionary

LIFETIME
-'i
VAROTEE
- =

Utah
LIFETIME
Will renew
loudspeaker
taduree
failure at
TAIEor

time
during
tree
replace
due to any
performance

th
labor,
e
lifetime
made
for
materials
SPEAKER
of original msP
inspection, repair or replace-
handling,
or servicing
for rr postage only.
pays
° " - guaranteed
(JU-tomef
P
... ment.
, ,C
' % %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
for the life of the owner
24 hours a day, we lay our reputation (and
our profits) on the block! We guarantee per-
fection of performance for a lifetime. To
rio this, we have to make the speakers of our
lifetime ... and we do!
Order a Utah Lifetime for your next re-
placement and see! (All popular sizes and
shapes.

Utah Radio d. Electronic Corp., Huntington, Ind.

www.americanradiohistory.com
 verter are minimal: the transistors
GLOBE ELECTRONICS' Citizens Band Converter draw less than 10 ma. (how much de-
pends on the voltage) and the bias volt-
(Continued from page 61) age divider passes 2 ma. at 6 volts. Re-
NEW
member to arrange the converter so
"Pocketphone" The diagram of Fig. 1 shows the that the battery is disconnected when
methods used to connect the converter the converter is not being used or
to the broadcast receiver. Depending there will be a continuous drain on
GIVES YOU the battery.
on the type of receiver with which the
converter is to be used, the connec- Frequency drift of the transistor os-
tions can be made direct to the an- cillator, because of the crystal, is very
tenna terminals, through a few turns low, but remember that the crystal is
wrapped on the ferrite -rod antenna in somewhat affected by temperature so
the receiver, or by means of a few that if you install the converter in an
turns of wire cemented to an existing existing receiver, keep it away from
loop antenna. In the latter two alterna- heat -producing tubes.
tives you have a choice as to how For the converter you will need a
crystal which differs from the desired
aBILIT tight the coupling is to be made.
Remember that on a transformerless channel frequency by the i.f. frequency.
a.c. -d.c. receiver the chassis is one side Thus, if you want to use the 27.255 mc.
of the line, in which case you must not channel and receive the signal on 1000
connect the converter direct to the kc. on your dial, the crystal must be
chassis. 26.255 or 28.255 mc. Such crystals are
ACTUAL
If the converter is to be employed readily available, particularly the lower
SIZE with an automobile receiver, it can be band type, many of which can be ob-
1 %x2ix6's used as shown if the auto battery is of tained surplus as well as new.
RANGE-1/2 to 1 Mile
the type with positive ground. If the The antenna required need only be a
HANDY PAGING SYSTEM negative of the battery is grounded the short length of wire but if you are
REQUIRES NO LICENSE
converter should be used either with a transmitting on 27 mc. anyway, you
"floating" ground or grounded only can use the transmitting antenna. A
through a .05 -µf. capacitor. Another normal automobile whip antenna will
New portable high styled two-way radio that actu- alternative would be to use 2 n -p -n do nicely for the receiver.
ally fits into your pocket. Exclusive "power-pak"
rechargeable battery lasts a year or more transistors in which case the battery's Building this converter is a little
for factory, surveying, construction, department connections should be reversed. The more expensive, because of the transis-
stores, stock- yards, hospitals, firemen, policemen, tors, than some of the single- transistor
n -p -n equivalents of the 2N247 should
golf, office, and home. Price $125.00 each.
Can also be used with Globe Electronics' CB100 or
be chosen to be r.f. amplifier transis- superregenerative versions. There are
C8200 two -way citizens hand radios, for longer tors that have a cut -off frequency of at compensations, however, for you will
ranges.
/J
(C ' ,ev .C 20
D i(e
least 30 mc.
Current requirements of the con-
end up with a very sensitive Citizens
Band receiver. r3p-

Complete 3- channel, 2 -way station for permanent TI

installation or travel. Only 31/zx101/v13. Easy to OUTPUT
install, operate. Only 3 Controls. Range 5 - 15 40
1000 -1600 KC.
miles. Complete with one set crystals, push -to-
talk microphone, $129.95 each.

A6mC!!(Pl!!l'2 /./['ClltPi

NOTE'
2N247 SHIELDS NOT
CONNECTED

Fig. 2. Circuit diagram

Espec Ces: gned for
the commercial user and and parts listing for
consumer desiring a more rugged unit. Five crys- the single -channel Cit-
tal controlled channels for transmitting. Four
izens Band converter.
crystal channel receiving plus one tunable posi-
tion oser entire band. Adapted for selective call -
ercebe
fen. Asolutt
each.
$179 -95
Dual
quiet. Size: 3ze 12x10é Inter.

GLOBE ELECTRONICS AD,.menos Tonal Electronas in,

22 -30 So. 34th St., Council Bluffs, Iowa
S
5 R1-2700 ohm. t/2 w. res. Jr- Antenna jack
PLEASE SEND ME COMPLETE INFORMATION
Re-1000 ohm, t/2 w. res. L1-20 t. en. antenna coil wound on Va"
#26
ON GLOBE ELECTRONICS'.
Rs- 22,000 ohm. '/2 w. res. form with slug. Tap at 5 t. (see text)
.POCKETPHONE CB 100 CB -200
Rs-470 ohm, t/1 w. res. Ls-4 t. x26 en. wound over Ls on CTC Type
Ci-20 µµf. tubular ceramic capacitor LS -3 5/e" o.d. coil form with 2013 -C brass
Cs-80 µµf- tubular ceramic capacitor slug (author used surplus coil form, see text)
Name Cs-6.8 µµl. disc ceramic capacitor La-20 t. #26 en. wound on same form as Ls
Ci, Cs -.01 µf. disc ceramic capacitor (see text)
Cs-10 µµb disc ceramic capacitor Ts-Output trans. Author modified a Crest
Address
RFC's-300 µh y. r.f. coil #200-6 variable inductor (70.225 ,shy.), see
Xsal.-Receiving crystal for desired Class D text. Also refer to article for alternatives.
City & State band (see text) Vs. Vs- "p -n -p" transistor (RCA or Sylvania
Pr- Antenna plug 2N247)

88 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Super -Special!
KIT OF BOO
of of Bi-Pais
CONDENSERS
Over 50% Are 600V
1TEL at
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024M .79 _ 3616 .50 6A84 .46 6816 .62 6EU8 .19 1244 .60 12806 12E06
.50 .54 19606 1.39
1AX2 .62 _ 305 .80 6AC7 .96 681(7 .85 6EA8 .79 12485 .55 128E6 12E26 .53
.53 1978 .80
1B3GT .79 354 .61 6AF3 .73 6817 1.00 6H601 .58 12AC6 .49 128F6 12F5 .66
.44 21EX6 1.49
1695 .55 3V4 .58 6AF4 .97 68X4 .57 61501 .51 12406 .57 12817 .73 12F8 .66
103
25806 1.11
.73 48C5 .56 6A05 .65 6886 .74 12AE6 .43 12816 12FM6 .45
616 .67 .56 25C5 .53
113 .73 48C8 .96 6AH6 .99 6605 .65 12AF3 .13 12606 1.06 121(5 .65
6116 .63 25CÁ5 .59
_ _11(3 .73 4686 .75 6AK5 .95 680601 1.05 12ÁF6 .49 128'1 12SA1M .86
654 .48 .74 25C06 1.44
_ 116 1.05 4B07 .96 6AL5 .47 6867 .95 12416 .46 12827 1251(701 .74
6SA7GT .76 .75 25CU6 1.11
11N5 .59 4658 .98 .6AM8 .78 6888 .78 11ÁL5 .45 12C5 125X1 .67
651(1 .14 .56 250116 1 42
1R5 .62 48U8 .71 6AN4 .95 6818 .70 12418 .95 12CA5
6SL7 .80 .59 12507M .73 25E15 .55
155 .51 4626 .58 6AN8 .85 6876 .54 12405 .52 12CN5
65N7 .65 .56 12U7 .62 2516 .57
114 .58 4817 .96 6405 .50 6626 .54 12AT6 .43
6507 .73 12CR6 .54 1211601 .53 25W4 .68
1114 .57 4CS6 .61 6AR5 .55 6627 .97 12ÁT7 .76 12CU5
6T4 .99 .58 12W6 .69 2516 .66
ÚU5 .50 4DE6 .62 6AS5 .60 6C4 .43 6U8 .78 12AÚ6 .50 12CU6 106 12X4 .38 35C5 .51
1X28 .82 40136 .60 6ÁT6 .43 6C86 .54 6V6GT .54 12AÚ7 .60 I2CX6 .54 174X4 .67 3516 .57
2AF4 .96 4016 .55 6418 .79 6C06 1.42 6W4 .57 12AV5 .97 12085 69 17806 1.09 35W4 .52
5AM8 .79 6ÁU4 .82 6CF6 .64 6W6 .69 12AV6 .41 120E8 .75 17C5 .58 35Z5GT .60
3141.5 .42 5AN8 .86 6AU6 .50 .60 .39 12ÁV7 .75
6CG7 6X4 12018 .85 17CA5 .62 5065 .60
3AU6 .51 5A05 .52 6AÚ7 .61 6X501 .53 124X4 .67
6CG8 .77 120817 .67 1704 .69 5005 .53
3AV6 .41 5AT8 .80 64118 .87 6CM7 .66 6X8 .77 124X7 .63 12006 1.04 17006 1.06 500C4 .37
38A6 .51 5BK7A .82 6ÁV6 .40 .65 7AU7
6CN7 .61 12A27 .86 12DS7 .79 1716 .58 50EH5 .55
38C5 .54 5807 .97 6AW8 .89 6CR6 .51 7A8 .68 1284 .63 12026 .56 Ú7W6 .70 5016 .61
3BE6 .52 5888 .79 64X4 .65 6CS6 .57 7B6 .69 12BÁ6 .50 12EL6 .50 194114 .83 11123 .61
3BN6 .76 5C08 .76 64X7 .64 6CU5 .58 174 .69
3BU8 .18 5CL8 .76 68A6 .49 6CU6 1.08 RAUB .83
3BY6 .55 5EAB .80 6BC5 .54 6CY5 .10 8ÁW8 .93
3826 .55 5EU8 .80 68C] .94 6CM7 .71 8805 .60 PLEASE PRINT NAME AND ADDRESS CLEARLY
_ 3CB6 .54 516 .68 6BC8 .97 6044 .68 BCG1 .62
3CF6 .60 5T8 .81 6806 .58 6065 .69 8CM7 .68 Name
3CS6 .52 5114 .60 68E6 .55 6CN7 .97
60E6 .58
_ 3CY5 .71 5118 .81 68F6 .44 8CX8 .93
6006 .59
_ 301(6 .60 5V6 .56 6806 1.66 6006 1 10 8E68 .94 Address
5X8 .78 6BH6 .65 6015 .66 10047 .71
573 .46 68118 .87 6016 .53 11CY7 .75 City .

SEND FOR FREE TROUBLE SHOOTER GUIDE AND Sfnte

NEW TUBE 8. PARTS CATALOG.
NOT AFFILIATED WITH ANY OTHER MAIL ORDER TUBE COMPANY.

RAD-TEL TUBE
- C
TERMS:
$1
25% deposit must accompany all orders balance C. O. D.
HANDLING CHARGE FOR ORDERS UNDER $5. Subject to prior sale.
55 Chambers St
Newark
EW 960
5, N. J.

Please add postage. No C. O. D.'s outside continental U. S. A.

September, 1960 89

www.americanradiohistory.com
 bile units which usually employ simple
The Citizens Band vertical whip antennas.
The most common directional anten-
HELIWHIP* (Continued from page 56) na is the three -element yagi. Some of
these can be mounted vertically for
use with mobile units operating in one
ANTENNAS Like most everything else, a good
Citizens Band radio must have a corn -
general direction from the base sta-
tion, or horizontally for station- to -sta-
bination of good features; in this case tion use.
selectivity, sensitivity, noise suppres- Directional antennas have two dis-
sion, squelch, and an efficient trans- tinct advantages: they increase the op-
and Beacon mitter. The more of these features in- erational distance and reduce or elim-
cluded, the higher the cost, in most inate interference caused by nearby
Fixed Station Antennas cases. stations not in the radiation pattern of
Because the Citizens Band is pro-
for the 27 mc. vided primarily for systems communi- the antenna.
cation (a given group communicating Mobile & Marine Antennas
CLASS "D" among its members, a tunable receiver
is not usually necessary, but it is some-
The most common mobile antenna
is the simple vertical whip, work-
CITIZENS BAND times valuable in determining which
channels are the least crowded.
ing against ground (which may be a
vehicle's body and chassis or a boat's
The noise generated by the diather- hull) . One common antenna for the
Mobile Unit my equipment found in many hospitals Class D band is about 9 feet long, made
(Model NW -11) is one of the worst enemies of the Citi-
of stainless steel (fiber glass encapsu-
zens Band user in an urban area. Be- lated ones are also available) and pro-
cause of this, and temporary channel
,

crowding, many users have found vided with a mount and connecting
multi-channel equipment advantage- cable. The vehicle acts as the ground
ous. Diathermy is liable to appear at
and the antenna location on the vehicle
is most important.
any time and anywhere in the Class D
band. If it does, or congestion takes The ideal location is in the electrical
place on the normally used channel, center of the vehicle, normally the
Three Model HW Heliwhips* center of an automobile's roof. We
you can switch to another frequency know of several Volksuxtgon buses
cover every citizen band with a multi -channel set. Boat owners
should also have gear that is equipped with 9 -foot antennas up there that out-
perform base stations. It is a little im-
application! Compact! Efficient! with more than one channel because practical to do this in most cases and
of change of location, or the desirability
of having different channels for cot - very often the desired range does not
tage -to-boat, club-to -boat, and boat -to- require such an extreme installation.
MARK MOBILE, Inc. offers a A good location on an automobile is
completely integrated antenna boat.
package for all 27 mc. 1l -meter
high up on a rear fender, near the
Citizens Band requirements. Antennas trunk lid; as high as practical on a sta-
A two -way radio station is no better tion wagon, pick -up, or panel truck;
The "BEACON" Base Station and near the top of the cab on bigger
Antenna is a new concept in fixed than its antenna installations. A good
station antenna design. Requir- antenna installation can help a fair trucks.
ing no radials or "skirts" it is a piece of equipment work pretty well, Bumper- mounted antennas result in
full half -wave radiator with ex- but a fair antenna installation and a two main losses in efficiency. Part of
ceptional efficiency. good piece of equipment are poor the antenna is shielded by the body of
The HELIWHIP" (patented) economies. the car and all of the "ground" is on
mobile antennas, a basic devel- For permanent base -station installa- one side, causing a directional signal
opment of the MARK engineer- tions there are five common types of which is most undesirable for mobile
ing staff, provide full efficiency antennas : ground plane, coaxial sleeve, operation.
in vehicular applications with There is a way of shortening the
compact and attractive units. No center -fed dipole, end -fed dipole, and
various types of directional beams. The physical length of antennas while still
need to use unsightly long steel.
whips on your automobile. first four are for omnidirectional use, allowing the antenna to operate prop-
that is, they will radiate and receive in erly, although with a decrease in effi-
For Marine applications the ciency. A coil, of the proper inductance
MARINE HELIWHIP* with all directions more or less equally.
Launcher -Matcher Cable elimi- The Federal Communications Corn - determined by the desired length of the
nates the need for metal ground mission limits the height of the top of antenna, can 102 inserted at the anten-
plane and permits full efficiency an antenna to 20 feet above any exist- na's base, middle, or near the top.
of antenna when mounted on ing man -made or natural structure on These coils cause a reduction in effi-
fiberglass and wood boats as which it is mounted. For best perform- ciency that is often compensated for
well as mast mounting. ance, the base antenna should be by allowing the antenna to be mounted
mounted as close to this height as at a more favorable location on the
Base Station
(Model CBB -1) possible. vehicle, because of the antenna's short-
The ground -plane type is probably er physical length. There is no ad-
the most common base -station antenna. vantage in shortening, by use of a coil,
At 27 mc. they measure almost 9 feet a base -station antenna other than to
C. s. Prorers high and have either 3 or 4 radials of reduce its size.
Potent No. 2.933,210 the same length protruding horizontal- The antennas used with small port-
(Other patents
pending) ly or downward at a 45- degree angle able Class D sets are always short,
Marine Unit from the base of the 9 -foot vertical being less than 48 inches long. Most of
(Model HIM- 1l -6M) radiating element. An isolating skirt them are of the telescoping type either
(additional set of ground radials) is with an external coil or a coil built in-
sometimes helpful in obtaining maxi- side the unit. Because the "ground"
MARK MOBILE, Inc. mum performance.
Coaxial -sleeve and dipole antennas
(the portable unit itself) is poor, per-
formance varies greatly with the rela-
VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS ANTENNAS
are about 18 feet long. These antennas tive location of the unit. For instance,
Dept. EW -9 5441 W. Fargo Ave., Skokie, Illinois should all be mounted vertically to resting the unit on the roof of an auto-
Phone: ORchard 5-1500 provide best communication with mo- mobile will greatly increase the effec-
90 ELECTRONICS WORLD
tive ground area and the performance. by a company other than the one which
The physical dimensions of full -size made the radio unit, is the type of
ground planes, coaxial sleeves, or di- antenna connector used. This must
poles, make their use impractical on match the connector on the set or it
boats under thirty feet long. Even with will have to be changed.
larger boats, a ground plane would be Servicing
unsightly, and the ground radials might
be in the way. All electronic equipment needs
Unless the antenna is mounted on a service for continuing operation and
metal boat, which would provide a Citizens Band sets are no exception. Al-
ground at the feed point of the anten- though most qualified radio and televi-
na, the use of a simple, vertical whip sion service technicians can maintain
will not result in the best performance. receivers, an FCC operator's license is
However, these antennas can be used required to perform complete service
with more success if ground radials are on the transmitters.
run fore and aft. If a ground wire is There are people in almost every
run from the equipment to a ground community who hold such licenses, al-
plate or the engine, the radiation pat- lowing them to work on Citizens Band TRAIN QUICKLY! OLDEST, BEST
tern will vary from boat to boat. Even transmitters. Those who are in the EQUIPPED SCHOOL of ITS KIND in U.S.
without the best ground system, be- business of maintaining two -way equip- Get practical
Prepare for a
Lng
r
in New Shop-Labs of Coyne.
rob and a successful future in a
cause of capacitive coupling to the ment can be found in the classified
i

top opportun: r. 'd. Advanced education or pre -

us expedite ,n needed. Employment service to
water itself, which usually serves as a pages of every telephone book we have graduates.
good "ground," operation over water seen under the heading "Radio Tele- Enroll NOW-Pay Later
Finance Plan and Easy Payment Plan. Also Part
is usually fairly good with simple phone." Very often, if a radio and tele- Time Employment help for students.
antennas. vision service company is not in a po- Clip coupon or write to ddress
There are available some antennas sition to maintain the sets, they know FREE BOOK below for Free Illustrated Book.
"Guide to Careers " -Describes all training offered.
made especially for marine use. One is who can do the work locally. No obligation and No Salesman 11'ilf Calt. Act NOW.
a shortened coaxial -sleeve type, fiber Necessary service is normally simi- B. W. Cooke. Jr.. President CHARTERED

glass encapsulated and 11 feet long.

Another is an odd type of ground plane,
lar to that needed on a radio or TV set.
Parts and tubes need occasional re-
COYNE NOT FOR PROFIT
Established
tsaiev. Phwr.
chime,, bee, 60 -8C
with only two ground radials and a placement and minor alignment adjust- rCOYNE Electrical School
ments are sometimes necessary. 1501W. Congress Pkwy., Chicago 7. III.
5 -foot radiating element using loading Dept. 60 -6C
coils. The Class D Citizens Band may be Send FREE book "Guide to Careers" and details
of all training you offer. However. I am especially
Of prime importance with outdoor considered a tool, which if properly interested in:
antennas, particularly for marine use, utilized, can provide more economical turn= Cl TELEVISION RIM nu:
is that the antenna must be sturdy business operations and more pleasur- NAME
mechanically and able to withstand able use of our leisure hours. Why ADDRESS
corrosion. Another point to check, es- don't you put the Citizens Band to
`CITY STATE....
pecially when buying an antenna made work for you? 0- -

"More than Citizens' Radio "...

a complete, fully engineered "industrial- type" transceiver!

Anyone can operate -license

issued by the FCC on request from x13495
Complete 23 channel Citizens' Band coverage- choose 1 of any 5 channels by the
flip of a switch.
Maximum legal power -excellent range -meets all FCC requirements.
Excellent receiver sensitivity and selectivity -full fidelity voice reproduction.
"More than just 2 -way Citizens' Radio equipment" -the Viking "Messenger" will deliver
the finest performance of any equipment available in the field. Designed throughout for 10
watt power level- limited to 5 watts for Citizens' Radio. Easy to install anywhere in your
home, business location, car, truck or boat ...
offers many unique features found only on
more expensive communications systems. Built -in Squelch, Automatic Volume Control, and
Automatic Noise Limiter. Compact, modern styling -only 5Ys" high, 7" wide, and 11 o/s"
deep. Complete with tubes, push -to -talk microphone, and crystals for one channel.

Available from authorized Johnson Electronic or Marine Disf4utors. Installation

and service coast -to-coast at all General Electric Communications Service Stations.

FREE r{Q;E.F.JOHNSON
JJ 103 Second Ave. S. W. Waseca, Minnesota
COMPANY
Color Brochure
Please rush me your full color brochure describ-
ing the Viking "Messenger" Citizens' Transceiver.
NAME
Farming, Boat -to -boat or Your own Construction or
delivery or "off the -road" ADDRESS
fleet operation
ship -to -shore
communication f
personal or
family use
I
equipment WRITE TODAY CITY STATE_. -_ I

Manufacturers of the world's most widely used personal communications transmitters

September, 1960 91

www.americanradiohistory.com
 reW GUIDE TO
MASTER CB Call Letters
Not To Be Assigned
TIME -SAVING By Suppliers -

TV SERVICE FCC clamps down on call

assignments made for the
'I
f it)
{0
A modern
for fast,
"symptomatic
manual purpose of "demonstration."
I$nITOn's Nunn:: The lot l'rino
mat ion in based on it r, renr
lea Se. It should be of
i.i(or-
F('r' rr-
Ni to all

r
i ''``®
trouble analysis"
and servicing
of TV receivers
It isn't a -study" book' From beginning to
rod. this big new manual is designed for daily use
right at the bench as an outstandingly complete.
o( our re/ d.r:v u'hn Ir.ve, h,ur, s11,
nurnu fact fire ('iti7rnx Ba ad rquiprurnt.

AN INCREASING number of reports

have reached the FCC concerning
the practices of some suppliers of Busi-
easily understood guide to practically any job on
ness and Citizens Radio equipment in
any TV receiver. advising their customers that such
Just turn to the Index. Look up the trouble symptoms equipment may be operated by them
exhibited by the TV you're working on. The HANDBOOK
OF TV TROUBLES then tells you exactly what and where prior to the issuance of a radio station
to check. Outlines time -saving short cuts. Explains puzzling license by the Commission. In some in-
details. Eliminates guesswork and useless testing. More than
150 test pattern, wave form and circuit illustrations explain stances, sellers have "assigned" radio
test results, details and procedures so clearly you pan hardly station call signs to purchasers along
fail to understand. with the sale of the radio gear. In a
LOOK! LISTEN! few such cases. these call signs have
been the same as those authorized to
Then Follow This Easy Guide! be used by the manufacturer or seller
Almost io. ulless of set make or model, this r Labte of the equipment.
Although a radio operator's license is
,

new 303 -p;mr handbook helps you track down TV troubles

from the symptoms they produce in the set itself- -screen in- not needed to operate a Citizens Band
termittently dark: "blooming ": abnormal contrast in spot:
"mow ": poor detail: sync troubles: sound troubles and all station, a radio station license is re-
the many other symptoms that indicate something is wrong. quired. With the exception of certain
Then it explains how to make needed adjustments or parts
replacements. low -power equipment described in Part
This HANDBOOK OF TV TROUBLES is printed in large type 15 of the Commission's Rules, the op-
and has sturdy, varnished covers for "on the job" use. Its
QUICK GUIDE. TV TROUBLE INDEX helps you find eration of any radio transmitter by a
"automatic teacher" what you want in a jiffy. Throughout. the Handbook is a person other than the one to whom the
real time -saving money -maker for beginners and experienced
service men alike! Try it for 10 days AT OUR RISK. station license has been issued, or by a
TAKES THE You be the judge! person directly under his control or
supervision, is illegal and may result
GUESSWORK OUT OF TRY IT 10 DAYS -See for Yourself! in the imposition of severe criminal
r Dept. RN 90. HOLT. RINEHART AND WINSTON, INC..
sanctions.
Under Section 310(b) of the Com-
TV TROUBLE -SPOTTING Technical Div.. 383 Madison Ave.,
New York 17, N. Y.
Send new :102 -page HANDBOOK OF TV TROI ttt.1 :c
munications Act, the prior consent of
AND REPAIR! for ID -dey FREE trial. If I decide to keep hook, I ..II
then send you 87.60 in full payment. It not, t will re-
the Commission is required for the
turn hook postpaid and owe you nothing. transfer or assignment of any radio
Covers all causes of practically every trouble
you are likely to he called on to fix including:
SAVE. Send $7.50 with order and we pay the
postage. Same 10.day return privilege with money
station license or the rights granted
promptly dod. thereunder. One who fails to observe
BRIGHTNESS TROUBLES -CONTRAST
TROUBLES --
PICTURE DISTORTION
UNSATISFACTORY PICTURE DETAIL -LINE OR
- Nagte this provision by the transfer of his
operating authority subjects himself
BARS IN PICTURE- SYNCHRONIZATION
Altdress
to possible license revocation and such
City, Zone, State other enforcement action as the Com-
TROUBLES- MISSING PICTURE -SIZE AND
CENTERING TROUBLES-SOUND TROUBLES
TELEVISION INTERFERENCE, ETC.
- 01'TSrOE O.S.A
h
.-Prier
money rernnneJ.
$8.00 rash U.N. 10.405 sett
J
mission may consider warranted. The
designation of such unlawful activities
as "equipment demonstrations" does
not render them less illicit.
This matter is being brought to the
Lag -55 Audio Generator Sine Square attention of manufacturers, distribu-
Kcrr. tart t.3uz.rte.rt tors, and retail vendors of Business and
A multi -purpose generator for meas- Citizens Radio equipment in the be-
urements on audio equipment -amplifiers, lief that they share the Commission's
speakers, networks. Three waveforms: conviction that the development of
sine, square and complex for all types of these services is hampered by the above
measurements including response, distor-
practices. Anyone who engages in such
practices, in addition to the possibility
tion, transient and -M distortion checks.
1
of having drastic enforcement action
Full range is from 20 to 200,000 cps, out- instituted against him, may be sacrific-
put 5 volts with minimum amplitude vari- ing the long -range good will of a mis-
ation throughout whole range. advised customer for the benefit of an
immediate sale. All prospective users
OHMATSU ELECTRIC CO. LTD. of CB equipment should therefore he
2596, 5- Chome, Kamimeguro, Meguro -Ku advised that they must await the ar-
Tokyo, Japan rival of their own license in order to
Cable Address "OHMATSUELEC" TOKYO operate. -50-
92 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 goat quicker than to have to fumble for example, the matter of replacing a
Mac's Service Shop around five or ten minutes replacing a slipping dial cord. If the cord has been
(Continued from page 70) tube he just removed." slipping on the drive shaft for some
"I'll buy that." Barney interrupted time, that shaft will be polished as
with deep feeling; "it makes you feel smooth as glass; and even the new
like a real schnook." properly installed, properly tensioned
shown in the selector-switch window. "Finally," Mac went on, "here are a cord will often slip. To prevent this, all
It's to be used on any a.c. -d.c. set that handful of soft colored crayons to be you need to do is to make a few swipes
employs a safety line -cord connector used to mark the points from which around the drive shaft with a bit of
mounted on the back cover when you wires are unfastened or unsoldered sandpaper to knock off the glaze before
want to turn the set on with the back during testing or replacement of parts. installing the new cord. Fail to do this
off. In the past, I've seen you use an I know paint or fingernail polish would and you may have to do the whole job
ordinary cheater cord for this purpose be more durable, but they're also more over."
and plug it straight into the light line difficult to apply and to keep ready for "I read you loud and clear!" Barney
because you were too lazy to turn on instant use. All we need is something exclaimed; "and I can think of another
the isolation transformer. Now I'm to mark the spot from which a wire example of how a few seconds spent in
making it easier for you to use the iso- was removed until we are ready to re- proper preparation can save minutes.
lation transformer on these sets, and I place the wire. These will do the job I'm talking about tinning leads before
better not catch you using anything nicely. There are enough colors here trying to solder them into a circuit. A
else!" to match the colors usually found on properly tinned lead requires a mini-
"Aye, aye, sir!" Barney said with a wire insulation." mum amount of heat to make it join in
grin as he tugged at a curly red fore- "I'll tell you another place where one a good soldered joint; but I've actually
lock. "Watch your blood pressure, sir!" of those crayons will come in handy," destroyed a tube socket by overheating
"This goes into your house-call tool Barney offered. "It's to mark the posi- a lug in trying to solder an untinned
kit," Mac said, ignoring him, as he tion of a miniature i.f. transformer lead to it. And if you think the tube
handed over a gleaming little chrome - can on the chassis. a speaker in the socket lug was hot when this happened,
plated tube. "It's a penlight with a cabinet, or any other part you intend you should have seen me!"
completely adjustable dental mirror to remove and later replace in exactly Mac chuckled sympathetically. "I
mounted at the light bulb end. One way the same position. One swipe with a know. Half the anger we feel about the
to use it is to adjust the mirror so it crayon down the side of the part and annoying things in servicing we've been
reflects light from the bulb around onto the adjacent area will do it. Then
corners and into spots you could never discussing is directed at our own lazi-
illuminate directly. Another use is to all you have to do is to match up the ness, stupidity, and lack of foresight
shine the light on a spot and adjust the ends of the broken crayon line and you that permits them to happen. Any time
mirror so you can see, by reflection, the know the part is just where it was." we can remove a source of irritation
illuminated area. This will come in "Good! That winds up the list of from our work, we've taken a step
mighty handy when you have to re- actual devices I dreamed up to save toward being a better -balanced, more
place a miniature tube in a hidden time and temper, but I've been think- efficient service technician -and we'll
socket in a TV set. Nothing makes a ing there are a few procedures that probably live one heck of a lot longer
technician look more stupid or gets his will contribute to the same end. Take, too!"

CITIZENS RADIO TELEPHONE

(27 MC. CLASS D)

No exam for FCC license ... !

for BOATING MOBILE

HOME BUSINESS
FARMING SPORTS
CAMPING INDUSTRY
5 CRYSTAL CONTROLLED CHANNELS
SQUELCH CIRCUIT NOISE LIMITER
5 WATTS OF POWER 7 TUBES IN RECEIVER
Two Models: MODEL CD -5 6 6 VOLT DC AND 110 VOLT AC
MODEL CD -5 12 12 VOLT DC AND 110 VOLT AC

t i t-fone
See your dealer, now!
'Price includes: MICROPHONE, 1 SET OF CRYSTALS.
1 AC CORD, 1 DC CORD WITH CIGAR LIGHTER PLUG

by MULTI- PRODUCTS COMPANY

MULTI -ELMAC 21470 COOLIDGE HWY. OAK PARK, MICHIGAN
September, 1960 93

www.americanradiohistory.com
 rut l aMrt. cover the range from intermediate to
Ce Careers in Electronics near-top levels throughout the industry.
(Cotitinued from page 50) Men without degrees, who prove
themselves, can go high -although
there may be specific situations barred
obtained at other schools. They can to them. One such might be a spot
and often do, prepare a man for com- that involved direct supervision of a
parable opportunities in private indus- group of men who had degrees. An-
j PROB try. Some industrial firms, however,
may deprecate the value of military
other would be a position where one of
the requisites actually called for a
technical training to the extent that specific type of degree or an advanced
the applicant's performance level can- (Master's or Doctor's) degree. Outside
not be readily ascertained, due to the such instances, experience can often
inaccessibility of the man's detailed represent the equivalent of a degree in
performance record while in service. terms of a man's qualifications. From
Goodbye to trial- and -error
Nonetheless, completed military techni- a salary standpoint, two years of ex-
methods. Every circuit cal- cal training, plus in- service perform- perience are roughly the equivalent of
culation you need can now ance in the man's indicated specialty, one year's education.
be done accurately with does provide higher-level entry into As for the college degree itself, it is
THE ALGEBRA private industry than any school train- often, at present, a passkey to a very
OF ELECTRONICS ing with no job experience. wide diversification in job opportuni-
A radio transmitter operator, for ex- ties. A man fresh out of college may,
Y atOU'LL
how
BE AMAZED
easy it is to
ample, will have experience considered
"directly transferable" for, say, broad-
indeed, be able to start at $6000 to
$7500 a year. With a Master's degree,
figure resistances, load
inductances, impedances,
etc. for ANY part of ANY
cast studio work. Even more "directly and still no experience, he may even
electronic circuit. With transferable" would be men in such start at $9000. A doctorate, without
this new book, THE AL- specializations as Ground -Control Ap- job experience, can command $10,000
GEBRA OF ELECTRON-
ICS, you will quickly gain a knowledge of proach or Instrument -Landing systems. to $11,000. The "normal top" for a man
the tools. techniques and shortcuts needed. Here, competent men would qualify with a bachelor's degree, after some
Three Great Books in One! readily for field service work with years of experience. is estimated be-
First, It's a textbook. All practical mathe- equipment manufacturers, or as opera- tween $13,000 and $15.000.
matical techniques explained clearly step-by-
step; easy to follow by those with no more tors of the equipment directly at air- At these levels there actually are
math training than high -school algebra and fields. more job categories than at the lower
simple differential calculus.
Second, It's hand- Advanced Training levels-but each one is more highly
book. Graphs and tables specialized. This perhaps requires some
answer common electron- A number of well- paying careers explanation. To most people who are
ic problems for those not
wishing to work out com-
127 may be developed by those who do not not engineers or involved professionally
plex derivations them- TOPICS have a degree, but do have some (two in the electronics field, there seems to
selves. 340 Ps1es
Third, It's a review. 252 Illustrations
years or more) college training in a be little difference among engineers.
Every equation is dis- Nonlinear specialized interest group, such as "An engineer is an engineer." The
cussed, along with its itnce math, physics, design, or engineering.
practical on -the -job ap- Network Topology most basic differences recognized at all
plications. 100 problems Mesh Currents This kind of training, combined with might be among production, design,
are shown with methods xlrchoff's taw
and answers provided. Voltage Variables some experience in any specific phase and research engineers. While this
THE ALGEBRA OF Trlangularlsatlon of electronics, could qualify a man for simple view may have been true ten or
Simultaneous
ELECTRONICS was writ- auation. any of several jobs that start at the more years ago, it has lost its validity
ten by Chester H. Page, Kramer'. Rule $6000- to $8000La -year level. Much
Consultant to the Direc- Thevenin'. since then.
tor of the National Bureau
w
Theorem would depend, of course, on personal Today, job requirements at the high-
of Standards. Dr. Page interests and abilities, as well as avail-
discusses basic laws and
Bridgers`
Conjugary
er levels have become so specialized
fundamental principles, Black lion able openings. Such areas would in- that even the highly competent gradu-
practical methods of V sr lain es
clude: field service engineering; sales ate engineer cannot readily step from
solving simultaneous lmagetmpedaneas
equations. He develops Attenuators engineering; sales promotion (including one specific type of work into another.
elementary Fourier wave- Cmwcitance
advertising and public relations); tech-
form analysis, shows ef- Dielectrics Additional training is required; this
fects of frequency selec- Sinusoidal
Voltage
nical writing; product engineering; de- re- orientation, or preparation for new
tivity, modulation, and Energy Storage sign engineering; special work with specialization, may take from three
analyzes tubes, transis-
tors and power supplies. Series -Tuned
Circuits computers; and many more. These jobs months to two years, depending on the
Series Resonance
Try It FREE Complex Ph..ore
for 10 Days Unlike the positions in the preceding groups, these require college degrees.
Whether you're a re- Transformers
pairman, technician, or
engineer, you'll find THE Critical Coupling
F.M Discriminator
GROUP III
ALGEBRA OF ELEC- Impedance These positions require a college degree, or its educational equivalent, i.e., college plus technical
TRONICS both profitable Matching
and interesting. Send schooling, or company course, etc. In general, these are engineering level positions, implying a

-
coupon for a FREE 10- H)l'unMloñs degree in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, or Physics. In the computer field, a B.S. in
DAY EXAMINATION. No Diodes
E.E., Math, or Physics is desirable. At the higher levels of design and development, more and more
obligation unless you Am p liners
want to keep the book. Transistor. a Master's degree is a requisite. In specialized research, a Master's is a minimum, a Ph.D. desirable.
Mail coupon today to Thermal Noise
Because of requirements such as these, it is obviously impossible to detail the many engineering
D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc. Demodulation
Dept. 379, Princeton, N. J. -many more categories in the same manner as for Group I and Group II positions. Instead, we list approximate
Established 1848 salary ranges covering the most general engineering classifications.

D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC., 1 CLASSIFICATION YEARS EXPERIENCE SALARY RANGE

Dept. 379, PRINCETON, N. J.
(In Canada: 25 Hollinger Rd., Toronto 16) Engineer 0 -2 $5500 -7500
Send -for free e . in lien -THE ALGEBRA OF
ELECTRONICS.
tion. clearer, easier.
it
`mir
can make Intermediate Engineer 2 -5 7200 - 10,000
return It within 10 days; e nothing. Otherwise.
will pay 84.75 down. Pine small delivery
and 83 t. Senior Engineer; Senior In
and month for 2 months. 5-8 8500 -13,500
Design and Development
Name
(Please Print Plainly)
Project Engineer; First 8 and up 10,000- 19,500
City Level Administrator;
gene Stat.
OSAVE! Enclose 118.75 WITH coupon and we Research Head
Sam.pten day mo ev back privilege.
Foreign and A.P.O. pione aoml ES.T;. with order.) Administrator; Section Chief 10 and up 14,000- 23,500

94 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
man himself and the job Lc is to fill.
As an example, it is no longer
enough for a company to look for a
"communications engineer." Now the merchant ..
category must be narrowed to, say, a
"microwave specialist." Or, again, take
There's
the specialty known as "analogue -com- SOMETHING
puter circuitry designer." Digital com-
puter circuitry designers need not apply! for
And so it goes, into ever- narrowing
and more specific types of work. Re-
cruitment consultants and personnel EVERYBODY
men alike find it difficult to screen ap-
plicants for such specializations, which
require a kind of pin -pointing referral
doctor... JV indian chief in the new
demanded by many of today's electron-
ic firms. This intra- industry problem,
as well as the question of sheer num-
LASALLE C/B TRANSCEIVER
bers required versus those available, Fully field- tested for 15 -tube performance, 5- channel op-
contributes to what has been called our eration. Compact, completely mobile, complete with cable
"manpower shortage," although the
term is often misunderstood. This for 6 volt or 12 volt auto to 115 volt home operation. Quality -
shortage, actually defined by the need engineered, economy -priced.
for extreme specialization, puts college
graduates -as well as others with less
training presently employed or plan- WRITE FOR COMPLETE DATA SHEET
ning to enter the field -in the position 10 tubes plus
of being faced with many choices, of 3KCde
diode,
job type, of company, of locality in
which to work and live. receiver,
9 wi
95 superhetrodyne
automatic noise limiter,
S

Evaluating Job Situations adjustable squelch, RF and 3 IF 1

To these people, a host of factors stages,5 watts input, full modula- Manufactured by:
must be weighed in arriving at a deci- tion, press -to -talk microphone, BIGGS ASSOCIATES, INC
sion. Among them would be the sta- weight 12 lbs. UTICA, ILLINOIS
bility of a particular company. its
policies regarding personnel develop-
ment, fringe benefits, educational ex-
tension opportunities, and so on. Also to
he considered, if information is avail-
able, are such factors as the nature of
the company's growth. A favorable CVon everything in
sign would be continued increases in
expenditures for both sales and re-
search. as indicated in stockholders' re-
ports. A relatively small annual turn-
stereo hi-fi and
over in personnel is another favorable
sign. The seasonal or non -seasonal na- electronics
ture of its products might also be im-
portant.
Finally, there is the matter of the send for the 1961
DEALERS
living conditions in the area related to
where you'll be employed. Travel dis- 411 /ED This is the ONE
transceiver
Citizen's Bond
your business, farm
tance to and from work might be con- CATALOG and professional customers
sidered, as well as the residential as- WANT and NEED NOW!
pects of the area in terms of cultural,
social, religious, and educational fac-
tors that may be important to you or
your family. In other words, "case the 444 -PAGES WORLD'S BIGGEST. W ri to today
for the leading Electronics Catalog. World's
area " - using your own good sense (and largest selection, including products and by Lakeland Electronics, Inc., Box 14, Warsow, Ind.
senses) to evaluate it in terms of your values available only from ALLIED. SAVE ON:
"BARRIER" selectivity, 4 kc.
interests and needs. For specific in- Everything in Hi -Fi Music Systems L Com-
ponents Biggest Selection of Hi -Fi Cabinetry
NO TECHNICAL experience required
formation, consult the local Chamber Eclusive Knight. Super -value Stereo of the user.
of Commerce, talk with real estate Knight -Kits ' .

-Best in Build- Your -Own Hi- SIX CHANNELS (Xtals for one
Fi Tape Recorders and Phono Equipment supplied).
agents or other local people. One re- Everything in Electronic Parts, Tubes, Tran- FULL TALK POWER with speech
vealing indication of the "liveability in- sistors, Test Equipment, Amateur Gear, P.A.
Systems, TV Accessories, Tools, Books.
clipping and audio limiter for real
punch and maximum modulation.
dex" of an area would be the published MATCHED optional components and
Save most at ALLIED. Write
lists of teachers' salaries, generally only $2 down for FREE 1961 Catalog today! accessories available where required.
available from the Board of Education
or the Town Clerk.
on orders
up to $30 ALLIED RADIO ALL POWER inputs from 6 or 12
volts dc to 115 volts oc. Transistor
power supply.
In sum. for maximum job satisfac- Mobilair series 2761 CB tronsceivers employ
tion you should do a little "market ALLIED RADIO, Dept. 101 -J TWO stages of IF and other speciol circuitry
research" of your own. Less than a gen- 100 N. Western Ave., Chicago 110, III. to give you BARRIER selectivity at 4 kc.
Additionally you con get the complete CB
eration ago, such an attitude was well - Send FREE. 1961 ALLIED Catalog. package of matched extras to satisfy the
demands of ANY user who ever wolked into
nigh unheard of. But then, so were Nome your "store ".
transistor radios, electronic thinking rugged enough for a tank
machines, and a lot of other things Address beautiful enough for the office
that today we take for granted in this
growing field. I
I_
City Zone State
J
INQUIRE NOW
September, 1960 95
 *Our first Mobile Transistor Power Supply
consumer products
had to be By DONALD C. CHAYET
THE FINEST : G. P. S. Instrument Co.

OF THEIR TYPE Construction of simple unit that converts 12 v. d.c.

THE /. 1 to 200 v. d.c. at 75 ma. without expensive components.
TRANSISTOR power supplies are the The output transformer was mount-
most efficient way of converting low - ed on one side and the space between
\oltage d.c. to higher voltages for use the top of the transformer and the
Citizens Band as "B plus" in mobile converters,
tuners, and transceivers.
other side was used to mount the pot.
The terminal block was mounted on
TRANSIFONE The present methods of building the side opposite the output trans-
former.
such supplies utilize toroidal trans-
PORTABLES formers. These range in price from $16 The only possible pitfall in the con-
100% TRANSISTORIZED to more than $30. The author decided struction of this unit is if the circuit
100% RELIABLE that it was possible to achieve similar fails to oscillate. If this occurs, reverse
100% CONVENIENT
results using inexpensive, on -hand the base leads on the transistors. When
stock parts. this unit is used in temperatures of less
The first consideration in the design than 50 degrees F, it may refuse to
of this unit was to supply sufficient start with a load. It is permissible to
feedback current to make the transis- remove the load so that the oscillator
tors oscillate when full collector cur- can build up to normal operating fre-
rent was drawn. It was found that an quency. This should take 1 to 3 seconds.
inexpensive driver transformer of ap- This circuit should be wired with
proximately 2.5:1 ratio, with the 2.5 #20 wire or heavier, due to the fact
section center -tapped. would supply that the current can go as high as 4
d THE GiChe sufficient bias for power transistors of
approximately 25 watts dissipation. The
amperes. The parts placement and lead
lengths are not critical.
TR ANSIFONE-500
5 -WATT TRANSCEIVER
power output is taken through a 10 The 10,000 -ohm resistor from the
volt, 5 amp. filament transformer into base to collector can be connected to
A truly professional, unbelievably compact a full -wave silicon diode bridge. either transistor and is used only to
transceiver for commercial and private use. 12- The largest single item of cost was cause it to break into oscillation under
transistor CADRE circuit requires minimum for the two power transistors; a Syl- loads. The 500 -ohm pot is used to con-
power absorption ... provides maximum trans-
mitter efficiency (virtually no signal -wasting rntia 2N307 and a Workman "Power trol the output voltage by controlling
radiations) ... and noise -free reception on all 25." Both of these types worked quite the oscillating frequency of the circuit.
22 channels!
Transmitter: Range: 10 miles (20 on water).-5 well. A Bud "Minibox" measuring 7" x Its exact dissipation and resistance are
crystal -controlled channels (simply change crys-
tals to operate on any of the 22 channels).
5" x 3" was used as a chassis. The nat- not critical. Approximately 500 ohms
Single- Conversion Superhet Receiver: 5 crystal -
ural aluminum finish was chosen to and 2 watts are common values and
controlled channels free of adjacent -channel facilitate heat dissipation. The driver were found to work quite well.
interference. Receives all 22 channels. High
quality speaker - easily intelligible above noise
transformer is a Merit #A -2920 while The bias control is set, using any
of car or boat.. Squelch and ANL. 2 Power Sup- the output transformer is a Thordar- one of three different methods. All
plies: Standard 12 V DC; and 115 V AC. Dimen-
sions: 11 "x5 "x3 ". Weight: only 6 lbs. . Com-
son 21F18. The four silicon diodes were three methods require the use of a
pletely waterproof. Guaranteed for One Year. chosen as the least expensive available 2500 -ohm, 10 -watt resistor as a load.
and were rated at a peak inverse volt- The input current to the device may be
Complete with dynamic microphone.
cables, mounting brackets and hard- age of 400 volts. monitored and the bias control set for
ware for car or boat installation The transistors must he insulated 3 amps. input under this load. The sec-
from the chassis and each other. ond method involves monitoring the
Bendix Radio Division makes plastic output voltage and adjusting the bias
insulators and bushings for use with control to a point where the voltage is
THE eacke, this type of transistor. The bushings
must be trimmed approximately l/nth
down 10 volts from maximum. The
third method calls for the insertion of
TRANSIFONE -100 inch because they are designed for ',c- a milliammeter in series with the load
100 -MW TRANSCEIVER inch panels and the chassis specified is and setting the bias control for a cur-
a %Ath -inch type. rent of 75 ma.
The U- shaped section of the "Mini- All of these methods may be utilized
Completely transistorized, box" was used for mounting all of the for determining the maximum operat-
shirt pocket -sized ... with components. The two transistors were
self -contained battery! ing point of the transistors and the
Transmits and receives on mounted. one on each side, with the minimum resistance setting of the pot.
any one channel. Built-in driver transformer in the middle.
microphone/speaker. Addi- The pot may be turned down further to
tional shoulder -strap an- give less voltage if the output of the
tenna for use as pocket pag- Circuit diagram of static inverter.
ing system. Telescoping device is too high.
antenna for long distance. Compact: 6"x2'/2 "x This inverter will supply 75 ma. at
134" deep. Featherweight: 16 ounces. Guaran-
teed for One Full Year. 200 volts, with a current drain of 3 am-
Complete with battery and antennas peres at 12 volts. The over -all operating
efficiency of this type of inverter, as
compared to vibrators or dynamotors,
is at least twice as high and will, in
For complete information, write: many cases, exceed this.
Other rectifier systems can be used
Gate
ate INDUSTRIES CORPORATION in place of the bridge in order to ob-
'Manufacturers of computer sub- assemblies tain other output voltages and cur-
and laboratory equipment
Endicott, New York rents. --C301-

96 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 11.11=
BC-603 FM RECEIVER AN/ART-13 I00-WATT XMTR
FAMOUS BC -645 TRANSCEIVER
20 TO 21.9 MC.
ii--)a
S
14 95 15 Tubes 435 to 500 MC 11 CHANNELS

+-
Excellent Uscd
BRAND NEW $18,55 2001500 KC

toning or 2 to 18.1 Mc
It.n
plete with speaker.
r .I
50 +

44144
+ .

Exc.
BC
Used
604 TRANS ITTE
heir above. Witt all
With TuLis, Used....
I I -.
AlioV

1
11URANI)
Brand New
't for
NEW... .510.95
$5 . 50
RC-80:1
54.95
BRAND
NEW
SUI , Bmml
6
C

,
y

,,n.
1tY.
Inlrx

310A.
15
,Ignie
b.

lei.
I rlh
48
CofnDl with Tubes
. _
r
shipping, A\I
SPECIAL! BC -603 FM RCVR Shipping weight
D,-am 2r,
25 I1 SPECIAL, $19,50 I( W.
I
et
PE -101C Dynamotor, 12r_ II ''I
r. 1 . rrh , c.l. r eu
Aneene Assembly.. 45 .... r 111:1111 . (, highly 1a.
Complete sit of 10 Pions
CONVERTED FOR ANY FREQUENCY Control en.
-

2s A Real "Ii
SPECIAL PACKAGE" OFFER: Dr!:; r $48.50
FROM 30 TO 50 MEGACYCLES! f24V Danarnotnr for ART.13
BRAND 1.1,. . k ab.'ve.UMW!! E
While Stork. Ins!
I liti,1,:s1,ip:' $29.50 Sarno above less meter.. 39.50
kt.id r Nite. aal.,lme..,t Nla.c $
rid 2750
1

t1. Inez sas 30-50 Mc BC 652A RECEIVER -Ilot smi.

Ilrrrrarr .411141 to
_.1..io1'I, complete \.ill: .ill l'II'c- '
he \M 1
Ke Null
C:llit and 12 t'e li}nani.n"r. t nn for x
1

AC POWER SUPPLY FOR 8C603, 683

I,'
Sv..
places dynamotor.
.1 t VR. CHANCE NEEItEIL
tide Om -OO
Provides 2`U
BC -929 3 -INCH SCOPE
Low cost station m Ilior and/or Jack :Mil o Ilemlplg. Air .I :iek..
r Hain
nand, y1:Dim 1. rlr. Pros nlr, tor cO. SIV,'. A\'1111speake'r
.hpg. Rl. 50 Ins. I. eke
,sly
1

Cm,
'. 2.1\'Ar " '_ Amp
t.io page Technical Manual for B
9 .........510. bench scnlw. Has Honig.,
pp. Intensity controls.
focus.
Tubes: 2-
new. $22.50
604
r

5603, E rs 6, __,. OSN7, 2- 11118. -11X5. 1:00. 1- I- POWER SUPPLY for OC -620, 659. available for 6.
2712, 41)11 cv. Tel)
1
12 or 24 Volts DC. Specify 58.95
I q and 24 VI IC. Coln.
APR 5A UHF RECEIVER vita with weer BC-659 TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER
27 to :MO Mc. F.M. . lected (-hamlets crystal

a
nrn controlled. watts. C .. with speaker,
(q''
1

used NEVt., 9.
3000 silvans 49 00A a. U Berl a V $10.95
erchangeable
It has a 10 'neg. I.F `i
single dial control.
al tvl,th of :IO t'n gacyctes
e

i' l eye. AC
Conversion it ., for 1111,' 811
850 Less tubes, lined
Antenna for BI' lis!l. 'Liss-
55.95
is 20" to S- FL $2.95
center. Operates from 80-I1 5 V. phase, 6U -2600 1
cycles. Variable I.F. gain by u of a Pot, Use Ins
frequencies bave 10011 Kar>eleo to supplement
8a ge of APR 4 racerserS. 'Like New, stub
LORAN R -65 /APN -9 RECEIVER NAVY AIRCRAFT RADIO RECEIVER
11 tubez
BRAND NEW
559.50 & INDICATOR
ARP
$89. S0
ships abi r ( Used
Determines Iu amt by ra-

't
AN /APR -4 RECEIVER ,oily. 38 to 4000 Mc in 5 tun- dio signals from known
ing range. 111011 lreei ion laboratory
x instrumentt i

used "t monitor ..indicate frequencY of any .1Kmds within \\

within 'f s range. Includes wide and narrow band It'
strip selected from panel. Outputs provided for at- I tubes
-_e7 Value
J'
cK of distance. Complete
d crystal. Exc.
1

d.
h
S1200, -
1.11n N
Power Simply 110 V. AC.
NI
.$26.50
Ire.! $8.50
,
re
tachments to pue .. ss
pulse ialyser. bimrdaplor. $69.50
Input 115 \' CO ev. LIKE NEW... -,,_
our Price 579.50
Tuning Units: TU18. TU17. TU18 Used. less tubes, crystal and piss
TU19 each $39.50
each $89. S0
but with 3eP1 C.R.
12 Volt Inverter Power Supply for above. BRAND
,.$29.50 tube......... FAMOUS SCR -510 COMPLETE SET
NEW 532.50 Consisting of: SC -620 FM TRANSCEIVER. '2
28 Volt Inverter Power Supply. exc. cund.....$49.50 with Power SIpiy for , or _
RECEIVER SPECIALS! Shock Mount for above.........
above.....,.... 52.95 tlueinK all c r ponenls:i Ant.,
Bí.313 MOBILE RECEIVER 6 hands. 1500 Kr to Circuit diagram and connecting available. lions. Handset. Technical SL,
IS Mr. With Pubes and 14V Dynamotor. $59.50 :uly for ,prim inn. BRAND C
Exr. ("soil (11111' Islet") g.
BC-342 RECEIVER 1.5 to IR Mc, AC only. BENDIX DIRECTION FINDERS OUR LOW PRICE. While They Last' S59.50

\
F.xc.
8 C-3 .' 9
i oa SUPER over .nn t ., Kr ,no For commercial navigation on boats.
51N20Y 150 -:125 Rc: 325-605 Rc: 3.4.7 Mc.
Complete with lubs. dynamotor. SCR -522 2 -METER RIG!
BRAND NEW $25.95 Teri I.
MN2RV Receiver Control nog ß..11:0r.1
BC1206 -C BEACON RECEIVER MN20C Receiver 150.1500 Kc continuous tuningR
12 tubes and dynamotor. L"aed
4.95
th
SCR -522 1 , ::smi stet. Rrcrise,. a mpkrt. WW1 an lit
f1á.95

.' .. 195 to 420 Mc. made by MN2OC Receiver as above. BRANI, NEW 27.50 tubes. top rack and metal case
MN20F. Rotatable Loop for above 4.25 COMBINATION. Exc. Used $29.50
'-.S Setchel Carlson. Works on
,

24 -28 volts DC. 135 Kc. IF.

Complete with 5 tubes. Sire
MN52 Azimuth Control Box
Flexible Mechanical Cable for Above
MN28C Receiver Control Bnx.. ..
Other Accessories available from stock
2.95
3.95
4.9$ ...... i- MICROPHONES
:. - 4" x 4" x 6n. Wt. 4 ea Oa Model Description
Excellent BRAND
Used NEW
lbs. BRAND NEW 6,U1BM T -17 ..Carbon Rand Mike í5.45
Brand New, leas tubes.$5.95 T -30 ...
....Carbon Throat Mtke....
2 .34 .74 I
^ ^" VSED, with tubes 5.95 LORAN APN -4 T -45....Army and Navy Lip Mike 1.25

`:..
'
l'"I'.li, :Ili - 2.95 15.9 it :o d.,.t 3.88
I... .. r
FINE QUALITY
TS- 13....1 25
3.95 I
rr ä-= Q NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT 95.39... .. lvpe
4

.75 I
ARC -5/R28 RECEIVER Determine esa t geographic position of your bolt or
plane. Indicator and receiver complete with all tubes HEADPHONES Excellent BRAND I
and crystal. Model ,'i NEW
i r 4
with
crystal channels. Complete
10 Tubes. BRAND NEW
Mc in
INDICATOR
11
RECEIVER
4. IcompletePwith tube... us`d
`. HS-23.. 1 -
Used
52.19...54.65
110V AC Power Sup- Kit for above $9.75 ReeeiverIndicator as above. BRAND NEW $88.50 H -16 Y ileh Imp. 2 um.
. . . .. 3.73... 7.95 ... I
ICS -,inn ohm 1i,W Impednn.e HEAD-
'

ARC- 5/T -23 TRANSMITTER TETS.

12V Inverter Power Supply. BRAND NEW SETS. BRAND NEW, 1-ER PAIR $3.25

- -BM = -=a B6= - -SM -SiI

532.50
100.150 Mc Includes 2 -832A. 2 -1828 $21,50 28V Inverter Power Supply, exc. cond 149.50 CD-307A Curds, with PLS plug and JK20 Jack .99
Tubes. BRAND NEW f tl
Shock Mount for above 1Enrphunc Cushions for a u -pair .50
SPECIAL Limited quantity $2.95 B B6
ARC -5/723 Emitters.
OFFERT Excellent Used. less tubes 55.95
MD-7 MODULATOR for T -23. complete with
tubes. LIKE NEW i
819.95
sl
BC -906 FREQ.
Cavity type, 146 to 236 Mc.
METER- SPECIAL TO-34A CODE KETER r-J4-j&..
F r BRAND NEW. complete with Self-contained automatic unit,

i i
ARC -5 MARINE RECEIVER -TRANSMITTER reproduces code practice Sig -
antenna. Manual included.
Navy Type Comm, Receiver 1.5 to
V 3Iá16.95I OUR
Is recorded on paper tape.
By use of built -in speaker, pro-
fpM.
Mc BRAND NEW WIN 6 Lohn
PRICE $10.88 vides codepractice signals to
mre
- --
.

Navy Type Comm. Transmitter 2.1.3 one or

-_$i
r---------------. I51245
aB
Mc BRAND NEW with 4 tubes and %tap persons oat SRAND NEW
MODULATOR for above. new with tube. $5.99
_ s _
MOBILE- MARINE
DYNAMOTOR
speed. from 6
to 26 WPM.
Checked mit. exc. u ed. ...$15.95'
$22Bä0
i
Type
HC -453
SCR -274 COMMAND EQUIPMENT
ALL COMPLETE WITH TUBES
Desteiptfen
Receiver 110.550 KC
Used
512.95
Like
NEW
514.9$
r N' t
Model DM35
Input 12V DC. Output: 25 V
DC 0 225 Ma. press -ts-
talk intermittent ° operation.
SRIC. wI. 14
Single Reels ofTape. Each.$1.8 L

BC -221 FREQUENCY METER rt

_

BC-454
11C-455
Receiver 8 -6 Mc
Jciceiver 61 Mc
9.5
11.50
12.45
13.95
OUR LOW
PRICE. BRAND NEW ...$8.45
I

HC -450 3- Receiver Control Box 1.29 1.75 OTHER DYNAMOTOR VALUES: Excellent BRAND quency Lstandard
ranges
Tt. quipped Ire-
Aped to
calibration charts, anda has
11
, sI
110 Volt AC Power Supply Rit. for all 274 -N and Type lapul Output Usad NEW rangesa tram 125 KO to IQ
ARC-5 Receivers. Complete with metal 81.9 5 check points in all ,
std. l DM -26 12V 2.2A 250V .050A 14.50 yes Easel.
ranges. with
to
cIntructimm
Faory tested. ' ready to operate...511.50 DA -1A 28V 1.6A 230V .100A 3.25 tab Book, Crystal, $59.50
SPLINED TUNING KNOB for 274 -N and ARC-3 and all tables
RECEIVERS. Fits BC -453. BC-454 and 805-28 28V 224V .07A 2.76 4.75
Oo re. Only 490 DM -32A28V 1.1A 250V .05A 2.45 4.45 STANDARD TUBES
DM -33A28V SA 875V .16A Removed from Brand New Gov't Equipment
BC-457 TRANSMITTER-4-5.3
h all tubes crystal. BRAND NEW.. $T IMO 26V 7A 540V .25A 1.85 3.76
BAGS
RECEIVING
35
I2S67 .75
s5
807 .9
8 95
....
BC -458 TRANSMITTER -5.3 to 7 Mc. Complete with 085-340 12V 2A 220V .080A 4.15 6.60 615 s
14
all tubes and crystal.
BRAND NEW $9.15 805-53A 28V 1.4A 220V .080A 3.76 5.45 BARS
Sc.
6H8
BSL7
12A8
és
45 928
02 1f
BC -59 TRANSMITTER -7.!1.1 Mc. com- DM -64A 12V 6.1A 276V .150A 7.16 25
1835 i9
Id ils with all tubes mill crystal $13.95
el
ft
PE -736 28V 20A 1000V .3130A 7.85 10.50
GALS
SAC, SS SPECIAL URP. 4x-150
sib 2S
HC -458 Modulator USED 3.4S
11(-.451 Trarsmllter Control Box.. 1.25
ALL ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE FOR COMMAND
NEW 5.95
NEW 1.9
PE -86 26V 1.26A 250V .050A 3.75 3.85 BVG
32
85
2C39
3E29
8072
123A 7.95 25
EQUIPMENT. BD-77 DYNAMOTOR Input 14V 0 39A. Output 2000V WILLARD 6 -VOLT MIDGET
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September'. 1960
97

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 A CREI college -level extension program in advanced

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98 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 CREI's Extension Division now TO THE SERIOUS -MINDED MAN, CREI
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ECPD Accredited Technical Institute Curricula Founded in 1927

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3224 16th Street, N.W., Washington 10, D.C., Dept. 1109 -G
September, 1960 101

www.americanradiohistory.com
 eight output signals that are used for
proven reliability... Teleprinter Sets Record control functions -such as line feed,
(Continued from page 51) carriage return, spacing, etc.
acclaimed by tho,fsands... The encoding network consists of 340
diodes. It has one input circuit for
l -1000 volts (biased at 450 volts), pro- each character to be printed. And it
lE/CO% ducing a difference between the anode
and pin of 1350 volts.
This causes an arc between the anode
has 35 outputs, one for each "dot"
location in the matrix of a printing
head.
and pin, resulting in a source of ions. These 35 outputs are applied to a
Because of the voltage gradient from pin pulser, which produces a pulse of
the arc to the paper (at ground poten- about -1000 volts for any desired pin
tial) , there is a migration of ions to the of the matrix of a printing head.
paper causing a deposit of charged Thus, when a character circuit is
particles on the surface of the paper. selected by the decoding network, the
The placement of such a "dot" can be connection of the diodes in the encod-
controlled by selecting various pairs (of ing network is such that appropriate
anodes and pins) in each printing head. output circuits are energized to pulse
The paper then passes through an appropriate pins in the matrix of any
inker, which contains powdered ink of the 72 printing heads.
that adheres to any charged areas on The exact printing head selected for
the paper. In this way, images on the application of such pulses is deter-
paper become visible to the human eye. mined by the anode pulses, which are
The paper then passes over a heater selected cyclically by means of 72 sepa-
and through a fixing roller, where the rate pulse transformers, synchronized
particles of ink are pressed into the by a control voltage from the decoding
softened polyethylene- coated surface of network. See Fig. 4.
the paper. This permanently fixes the Commercial types of power supplies
CITIZENS BAND 2 -WAY alphanumeric images on the paper. are used for all'high- voltage pulse re-
quirements. Other power is obtained
COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Control from solid -state devices.
The problem of providing suitable Operating Speeds
TRANSCEIVER pulses to the particular pairs of anodes
and pins contained within any of the The teleprinter is equipped with six
that meets FCC regulations 72 printing heads is solved by electron- preset operating speeds. One of these
ics. A simplified circuit diagram is -750 words per minute -is the ac-
shown in Fig. 4. cepted standard for Army communica-
EICO premounts, prewires, pretunes, ani Initially, a conventional "start- stop" tions purposes.
seals the ENTIRE transmitter oscillator cir.
cuit to conform with FCC regulations (Sec- teletypewriter signal is converted to a Only factors limiting the present top
tion 19.71 subdivision d). EICO thus gives five -bit parallel code by means of a speed to 1000 characters per second are
you the transceiver in kit form that you can
build and put on the air without the super-
receiver distributor using solid-state mechanical considerations of inking
vision of a Commercial Radio-Telephone techniques. This is basically an elec- and of moving the paper past the print-
Licensee! tronic analogue of a mechanical dis- ing heads of the recording system.
And only EICO offers you all these other features: tributor. Development work is continuing to-
5rf2 dual function tube SUPERHETERODYNE This five -bit parallel code is con- ward solving this problem, and the
(not regenerative) receiver with RF stage for
high sensitivity - with the selectivity you verted to dot locations produced by the Burroughs Corporation now believes it
need for reliable operation. Continuously 72 printing heads in two steps: (1) is possible to attain operating speeds of
tunable over all 23 Citizen Band channels.
Exclusive built -in Super -Hush® noise from binary to one-out -of -50 character more than 5000 characters per second
limiter minimizes background noise when circuits by means of a decoding net- through mechanical improvements in
the receiver is left on in anticipation of a work, and then (2) from a character the basic system design.
call, without the risk of missing a signal
entailed in the use of a "squelch" circuit circuit to 35 output circuits by means All of the transistorized electronic
in the presence of high ambient noise. of an encoding network. circuits of the system are now fully
Built-in AVC automatically boosts gain on
weak signals. The decoding network is essentially capable of responding to such future
Built -in 3" x 5" oval PM speaker and de- a diode matrix composed of 176 diodes high -speed requirements-making cer-
tachable ceramic -element microphone. and 35 resistors. Output of this net- tain the reception and reproduction of
5 -W xtal- controlled transmitter -can trans-
mit on any of the 23 Citizens Band channels. work consists of 50 signals represent- future messages at the rate of more
Station license available to any citizen ing the characters to be printed plus than 50,000 words per minute! -MS-
over 18 - no exams or special skill re-
quired. Application form supplied free.
ANYONE can build this kit by following
the easy simplified "beginner-tested" step -
by-step instructions.
)OMMINDJIW
Variable "pi" network permits matching 111.310)10)11101110)
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7 tubes & 1 xtal (extra xtals available). I z

Compare - judge for yourself -at your

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IPIN ULS RSI
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B CONTROL
LINE FEED
1 GARRIPGE RE T URN
PAPER
ADVA NC
_J
LKIT WIRED
(
D CODING
NETWOR
76 D10D
FUNCTIONS SPACE
ETC.
ETC.
Fig. 4. Simplified block diagram of system.

--
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TELETYPEWRITER INPUTS
ER SIGNAL INPUT

ELECTRONICS WORLD
102
 Name-the-Scientist Puzzle SAVE MORE
with

JOHN A. COMSTOCK
By
'----- SO AR
VOUR association with the electronics field should include TUBES
1 familiarity with the many famous scientists without You can't afford to pass up this golden opportunity
whom radio, TV, hi -fi, and electronics would be impossi- to save on used tubes!
ble. Try your hand at working this puzzle. If you can fill Tested for mutual conductance in our own labs!
in the correct names and words, you have paid small trib- One year free replacement guarantee!
ute to these outstanding men who have helped make life Prompt refunds on defective merchandise!
easier for all of us through electronics.
(Answer on page 140) II,:IIllillí6li',:.
SPECIAL PURPOSE TRANSMITTING TUBES
AND INDUSTRIAL TUBES
ACROSS TYPE PRICE TYPE PRICE TYPE PRICE PRICE
DOWN TYPE TYPE PRICE

-
042 .60 4X150A 8.50 813 8.50 957 .30 5751 .90

-.
4. Inventor of superhet circuit 1. Inventor of telephone. 043 .70 5R4GY 1.00 815 1 70 2050 .90 5763 .80
and FM system of broad- 2. Angstrom is noted for his 044 .75 C61 6.50 8290 7.00 2051 .75 58144 .75
casting. contributions in measuring OB2 .45 6D4 1.50 832 3.00 2615W 1.15 5879 .90
8. Inventor of the cylinder the wavelength of 083 .65 6X4W 1.00 8324 5.50 5654 .75 6060 2.75
phonograph. 3. The French mathematician. 0C3 .50 614WA 1.15 843 .30 5686 1.50 6082 3.75
9. "Gauss" is unit of Jean B. J whose name 0D3 .40 218 8.00 8664 1.05 5687 .75 6115 1.00
10.

12.
13.
density.
First man to demonstrate
electromagnetic radiation
phenomenon.
An electronic device in-
vented by Fleming (abbr.).
De Forest's early triode.
5.

6.
is associated with wave
analysis.
W. C. Sabine developed a
well -known formula for
measurement.
German physicist after
-
whom the unit of resistance
2C44
2021
2E24
2E26
3A4
.75
.55
1.95
1.95
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5129
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1.05
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6146
6159
6189
6201
2.45
2.75
1.00
1.00

LilG1 1111IIIIi111111 11f,llllllüiillllllllli111

14.

16.
The relationship between
current flow and magnetic
flux was investigated by
William Gilbert is closely
linked with-
-.
(abbr.).
7.

11.
was named.
The unit of flux density was
named after this German
mathematician.
He added a third element
TYPE
024
1A7GT
PRICE
.42
.45
TYPE PRICE
6AG7 .44
6411461 .55
TYPE
6CL6
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PRICE
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TYPE
7C4
7C5
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TYPE
1447 1287
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PRICE

Unit of inductance bears 1 B3GT .52 6AH6 .42 6CM7 .40 7C6 .46 1486 .48
18. to the diode. 1144G .39 6AK5 .43 6CN7 .40 .48 1407 .48
this U.S. physicist's name. 15. Inventor of the "Icono- 1H5GT .45 64L1 .45 6CS6 .42
7C7
7E6 .46 19 .48
20. Discoverer of e.m.f. scope." 1L4 .39 64448 .49 6DE6 .44
Well -known New England 7E1 .44 194U4GT .49
22. 16. The CGS unit of magnetic 11.6 .42 64448 .54 6006 .79 7F7 .42 19966G 1.00
technical school. (colloq.). flux was named after this 1N5GT .52 6495 .44 6F6 .69 7F8 .42 1916 .48
23. British engineer after whom British physicist. 105GT .44 6496 .42 .40
unit of power consumption 17. Scientist whose name is as- 1R5 .41 6AD7GT .48
6H6
614 1.00
.37 7147
7N7 .48
19T8
244
.58
.48
was named. sociated with sound range 155 .39 .48 .44
25. German physicist. Kirch- 6AR5 615 797 .48 254V5 .75
off's, initials. because of his investiga- 114 .41 6555 .42 617 .59 7X7 XXFM 25896 .79
26. Armstrong's first name. tions into this phenomenon. 1U4 .41 6416 .42 6K6GT .33 .44 250N6 .99
28. First name of the "Father 19. Japanese inventor of an 1U5 .42 64143 .48 6K7 .48 7Y4 .39 25L6GT .40
of the Vacuum Tube." antenna. 1V2 .49 6AU4GT .40 6K8 .58 724 .38 25W4GT .41
29. In 1946 it was proved pos- 21. French physicist after 1X2 .52 6AU5CT .50 6L7 .49 1248 .42 2525 .44
sible for radar to the whom the unit of current 2A3 .95 64U6 .40 6N7 .59 12405 .52 2526 .44
moon and be reflected back flow was named. 2AF4 .88 64118 .49 697 .59 12416 .42 26 .40
to earth. 24. The hand that is employed 3BC5 .48 6AV5GT .49 654 .40 12417 .61 3545 .45
30. X --were discovered by
the German physicist, Wil- 27.
for motors.
-analysis was investi-
3BN6
3026
.80
.40
6AV6
6AW8
.42
.40
658GT
6547
.40
.40
12AU6
124117
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.44
3585
35C5
.44
.46
helm K. Roentgen. gated by Fourier. 3C86 .41 64 X461 .50 6SC7 .44 124V6 .42 351661 .48
33. -Forest invented the
triode by adding a grid to
31. First and last initials of the
man who gave us the prac-
3C F6
3C56
.42
.42
6A)(5GT .49
6138 .44
65F5
6SF7
.49
.55
124117
124X46T.50
.63 35W4
3514
.43
.39

-
Fleming's diode. tical unit of current Inten- 3LF4 .49 6846 .46 6517 .55 124X7 .51 35256T .47
sity. 394 .44 6BC5 .44 65K7 .40 12427 .55 .48
34. Man famous for his contri- 3S4 .44 6BC8 .49 6SL7GT .50 1204 .42
37
39 44 .35
butions to sound measure- 32. Unit for designating length 3 V4 .44 6006 .40 65N7GT .40 12846 .44 .45
ment. of light waves was named 413074 .65 6BE6 .44 6507 .40 12047 .69
42
43 .45
35. "Alva's" first and last ini- for this physicist (first and 4827 .65 68F5 .45 6557 .62 120E6 .44 45 .47
tials. last initials). 5458 .52 6BF6 .40 614 .62 120E6 .44 5045 .45
5418 .44 641666 .99 618 .61 1213117 .51 5685 .48
54V8 .44 6BH6 .41 6U8 .66 12806 53 SOCS .48
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 54W4 .49 6816 .41 6V6 .44 12BR7 .48 50L6GT .48
5B1(7 .58 6BK5 .65 6W4GT .39 12817 .55 50X6 .51

... ..
516 .51 681(7 .68 6W6GT .43 12CA5 .46 56 .43

.
8 518 .49 68L7GT .68 6X4 .37 1215 .45 57 .43
5U4G .39 613146 .70 6X5 .40 12K7 .40 56 .43
9 5U8 .49 61306GT .73 6X8 .65 1246 .40 71A .59
5V4G .49 6807 .68 6Y6G .69 1297 .45 7E .60
5V6GT .45 6815 .60 744 XXL.44 12547 .44 7f, .45
10 11 558 .45 6826 .42 745 .42 125G7 .48 7; .45
5Y3GT .42 6827 .68 746 .44 12517 .48 78 .60
5Y4G .55 6C4 .39 747 .42 1251(7 .44 80 .52
12 13 6A7 .60 6C5 .60 748 .45 125N7GT.46 8< 624 .45
6A8 .60 6C6 .60 784 .42 12507 .44 11723 .44
6AB4 .40 6C86 .44 7135 .41 12V6GT .40 11726 .90

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14 15 64C7 .55 6CD6G .99 7136 .46 12W6GT .40 1'7L7 1.95
64E4 .82 6C F6 .42 707 .48 12X4 .46 117M7 1.95

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20 6 -12 VIBRATORS 89( each

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23

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28 29

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30 31

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SO AR ELECTRONIC
TUBE CO.
112 MARTIN ST., PATERSON 3, N. J.

September, 1960 103

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Rush Coupon for your New Loudness Compensation

FREE
(Continued from page 43)

keep boost toward the low end of the

audio range, where it properly belongs
since the Fletcher- Munson effect prin-
cipally involves frequencies below 400
Famous RADIO SHACK cycles.
Limitations
Electronics CATALOGS
The circuit of Fig. lA does not per-
Receive giant Electronics Buying Guide and all mit infinite attenuation, as gain con-
new issues for a full year! See the newest and trols generally do. Instead, it provides
Over best in electronics at money- saving prices. about 45 -db maximum attenuation.
100,000 RAtIOH This does not appear to be a serious
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ICAL VALIE THES limitation. It is difficult to conceive
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generally the most that is used, and
CODE PRACTICE SET
that the dynamic range of most pro-
gram sources is no more than 45 to 50
MORE
WITH KEY db, it seems that attenuation of 45 db
AND BUZZER FULLY WIRED should be enough. In fact, the limited
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BOSTON 17, MASS.
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A second criticism which might be
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ENGINEERING your assurance
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HOME STUDY COURSES but is 2500 ohms, thereby causing some
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ELECTRONICS
Courses written by world TELEVISION NO -NOISE attains 5% of its total resistance at
authorities in all branches of CIRCUIT
MATHEMATICS TUNER -TONIC 50% of its clockwise rotation. How-
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ELECTRICAL ENG. With PERMA -FILM
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ADDRESS
EXTENDER

uuuu
CITY STATE. Assembly
Push Button
charge of about $10.
For Pin -Point Applications
COURSE OF INTEREST Does Not Cause Shorts Conclusion
Canadians: Send to C.I.S.T., 752 Garden Bldg.,
263 Adelaide St. West, Toronto, Ontario. II ELECTRONIC CHEMICAL CORP. In conclusion, the authors wish to
813 Commumpaw Avenue Jersey Cny 4. N.
point out that Fig. lA embodies a truly
new approach to the problem of loud-
J

C. Ie S. T. P.Sa Be Sure to Ask far

NO -NOISE
RUBBER COAT
e a,
Spray Can c7
Li
$3els ness compensation. True, if the bass
control is set to the right of mid -posi-
104 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
tion, so that l?, becomes appreciable in
value and enables extra bass boost to
take place, the gain control behaves in
the manner of a loudness control, pro-
viding increasing bass boost as the vol-
ume goes down. However, this is not
the intended mode of operation, al-
though a number of listeners may find
it to be a satisfactory one.
Instead, the authors have in mind not
an automatic form of loudness compen-
sation, as in the case of the loudness
control, but a manual form of compen-
sation, where the listener adjusts the
bass control to give him what his ear
indicates is satisfactory balance; no
one has yet disputed the fact that the
ear should be the final arbiter. The
variable bass control can provide as
much as 20 db extra bass boost above HOT ROD
that supplied by the conventional bass (turret -type)
control, and it does so only when the
extra boost is needed, at low listening
levels. Moreover, unlike the case of the DEPENDABILITY
loudness control, the user can always
return to flat response simply by set-
ting the bass control to mid -position
(unless volume has been reduced 40 db
...HIGH QUALITY
or more, which is extremely rare).
Fig. lA does not necessarily repre-
sent the ultimate version of the vari-
able bass control. However, it does in-
and LOW COST
corporate what the authors feel is an
important principle: If bass boost is
made necessary by the Fletcher-Mun-
son effect, then the bass control should
be able to provide all the bass boost
needed to compensate this effect, with SILVER SEALED
enough left over for other factors (switch -type)
that also require bass emphasis. -4E

TEST-LAMP IDEA
By H. LEEPER HI FI
PENCIL-TYPE soldering irons, of the (FM) Tuner
type that have the heating element and
tip removable in a single piece, can be
readily converted into handy test lamps
for the service bench.
It is only necessary to remove the one- That's why the world's leading set manufacturers rely on
piece element and tip and substitute a
120 -volt lamp bulb of the same base size, the trouble -free TARZIAN TUNER for the excellent performance
as shown in the photograph below. of their receivers.
Such bulbs or lamps are available in
low wattage-which will be adequate for
use in and around electronic equipment. Today TARZIAN TUNERS arebacked up by more than
Once you have tried thi. handy "tool,"
chances are the soldering iron will never 15 years of experience in the design ...
development .. .
soldering operations at all. --
be idle even where a repair call. for no
and production of more than 15 million TV Tuners.

How pencil -type soldering iron can be "con- And, Tarzian is the only commercial manufacturer offering
verted" to serve as a versatile test lamp.
both the HOT ROD (turret -type) and SILVER SEALED
last (switch -type) ...
as well as the newer Hi Fi FM Tuner.
All embody the high standards of QUALITY .. .
DEPENDABILITY ...and PERFORMANCE that have made
Tarzian a leader in the field.

For more information, write to: Sales Department

Tuner Division

SARKES TARZIAN INC

east hillside drive bloomington, indiana
Manufacturers of Semiconductors, Air Trimmers and Broadcast Edu minent
September, 1960 los

www.americanradiohistory.com
 IMPORTANT

SAMS BOOKS
NEW

0
Getting the Most Out of Vacuum Tubes
by Robert Tomer
The author of the CBS "Tech
Tip" series has come up with a
"must" book for every techni-
cian, designer and engineer. Vac- WE ALL LIKE to think of ourselves parts are so exorbitant in their town
uum tubes account for nearly as civilized beings capable of dealing and why service is less speedy. We
80' ; of equipment failures-yet with abstract notions. Indeed we are, directed queries to Chicago to find out
according to Bud Tomer this
doesn't have to be! He explains but such refined activity still cannot what was going on.
why tubes fail and what can be
done to obtain maximum tube
match the forcefulness of our responses Our reply came from Frank Moch,
life and usage. Covers character- when we are confronted with the spe- executive director for NATESA, on be-
istic variables and how to predict them; selected cific and concrete elements of reality. half of the national group and its local
and premium tubes; why so many tube types; pre- Thus it is easy to consider broad inter- affiliate, TESA-Chicagoland. The latter
dicting performance; special-purpose tubes; tube
testing; methods for lengthening tube life, $350 national problems-or broad service - group has accumulated much evidence
etc. 160 p., 53x8!x", hardbound. Only industry problems -calmly and then against these advertisers and worked
forget about them without having gen- with the state's attorney to bring some
Servicing Transistor Radios. Vol. 6 erated much heat or without having of the offenders to justice. There also
LATEST IN THE SERIES taken much action. It is only when has been cooperation with the local
Gives you a complete analysis of they hit us in direct, tangible form that Better Business Bureau, which has
domestic and foreign transis-
62
tor radios produced in 1959 -60. we really become excited. massive complaint files against many
Here's all you need to know to Take the matter of coordinated serv- of the advertisers but seems powerless
service transistor radios; full data ice- association activity on all levels,
based on actual analysis of each to take effective action under existing
receiver includes: Sams Stand - local, statewide, regional, and national. legislation. It has been possible to get
ard Notation Schematics with Most of us would agree broadly that Internal Revenue agents to take some
asionia 'pig. exclusive CircuiTrace; chassis certain problems, which cut across arti- of the questionable operators in tow.
photos; alignment data; servic-
ing tips; complete replacement ficial boundaries, need such activity. As to the picture tubes, they appear
parta lists. Special editorial section on using voltage But where's the fire? to be rebuilt units although the ads do
analysis to pinpoint circuit troubles. S295
160 pages; 8!z x 11". Only Out of Monon, Indiana comes a let- not usually trouble to mention this (in
ter from T.P., where there is a fire, and at least one case they are claimed to
So You Want To Be a Ham Monon's service dealers, including the he new). Also not generally mentioned
by Robert Hertzberg, W2DJJ correspondent, aren't calm. Strictly is the fact that the "dud" allowance
Brand -new edition, completely speaking, the conflagration is raging for the old CRT is included in the
revised and enlarged. Tells how out of the state, in Chicago, Illinois, but quoted price. Concerning the two -year
to meet licenserequirements, how
to learn the code painlessly, how the men of Monon can feel the heat warranties, orders to cease and desist
to select suitable equipment, from the flames. They have an area have been issued in several cases of
how to be a good operator. De-
scribes the amateur game in de- association -but it doesn't reach as far these unsupported promises.
tail; conquering the code; getting as Chicago. Clearly the service people in Chicago
your ticket; price ranges of equip- The problem that T.P. is up against have an uphill battle on their hands
ment; going on the air; going
mobile; testequipment and safety begins with the fact that metropolitan against this sort of competition. How-
measures; organization of amateur radio; the Chicago newspapers are widely circu- ever, they have the advantage that
ham in military service; electronics as a career. lated in his home town. The Sunday enough set owners in their city have
Everything the novice needs to know.
192 pages, 53z x 8W. Only $295 editions carry the usual TV sections, been "taken" to provide them with am-
which list the weekly program line -ups munition for answering their custom-
BEST
SELLER
for Chicago's five channels, receivable ers' questions. To set owners in Monon,
in Monon. These supplements also where no one has had a chance to learn
HANDBOOK carry advertising, many of them on TV the hard truth, it seems that only
TUBE SUBSTITUTION
hand- service, and the latter are larded with thornless roses grow in Chicago.
'Tube substitution
over 3,800 handsome claims (sometimes direct, With some of the evidence now in
book includes
direct substitutions!receiv- but more often artfully "suggested"). his hands, T.P. should fare better in
over ialsecticnalist Some of the ads boast of "one- hour" dealing with his irate clientele. Still
ing 489 Euro-
inadditiol al substitutes
industrial TV service. To Monon residents who better, his letter may be an instrument
169
pean tubes' are not in a position to find out for in eliminating the harmful advertising
ommend-
receiving
for American recommend- themselves (many Chicago residents altogether. It appears that his Chicago
has section substitutes
01s
colleagues have been trying to involve
ing 301 American
have learned better), this means any
types- Includes
tubes 50 set can be repaired within one hour of the Federal Trade Commission in their
for European 400 picture sub- $1
directory ofhelpful facts size. Only the time that the call for service is difficulty for some time, on the grounds
Contains Handy $18Yx
stituuon. made. At best. the ads can only be that Chicago's metropolitan newspa-
pinned down to mean that a technician pers are in interstate commerce, but
HOWARD W. SAMS & CO., INC. will be in the caller's home within one they need evidence to support their
hour (if he can make it). contention. With the cooperation of T.P.
Order from your Sams Di 'butor today,
or moil to Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., Dept. J -10
Other ads sell "guaranteed" picture and other Indiana service dealers, FTC
1720 E. 311th St., Indianapolis 6, Ind. tubes (up to two years' warranty) at intervention may become a reality.
Send me the following books: startlingly low prices including instal- If it does, it will please this publica-
"Getting the Most Out of Vacuum Tubes" (VTT -1) lation, if the set owner brings his TV tion to know that it has made some con-
"Servicing Transistor Radios. Vol. 6" (T5M -6)
"So You Want To Be a Ham" (HAM -2) to the CRT vendor. To meet these tribution by bringing together people
"Tube Substitution Handbook" (TUB -1) prices, T.P. says he would have to take who need each other's help. Neverthe-
S enclosed. Send Free Book List a loss on every picture tube he sells. less, it is important that such coordina-
Nome
There are other advertised claims, but tion should always be possible directly
these arse the principal ones. Monon set within the service industry itself. Oc-
Address owners are making their service deal- currences like the mutual Monon-
-
LCity Zone_Stata
(Outside U.S.A. priced slightly higher) - ers' lives miserable with demands to
know why service and replacement
Chicago problem, which are scarcely
unusual, provide all the concrete evi-
ELECTRONICS WORLD
106

www.americanradiohistory.com
dente we need to establish the need
for such cooperation. "SAMS PHOTOFACTS MAKE IT EASY"
Tube Call-Back Losses
The "Crusade Against Call- Backs"
sponsored by Raytheon has reached
the point at which the official list
"Since I work on all makes andd
models, PHOTOFACT is a
for my shop. Bench time is re-
must1 1 1

of "ten toughest types" is available. duced on each set, and when

These are: 1B3GT, 6AU4GTA, 6AX4GT, replacement parts are required,
6BQ6GTA /B, 6SN7GTB, 1X2A /B, Sams PHOTOFACTS make it
6CB6A, 6CG7, 6X8, and 12AT7. easy." -L. J. Savage, Jr.
For readers who have not kept up Gainesville, Texas
with this campaign, it is based on two
premises : the many service dealers
who make no service charge for call-
back replacement of tubes still in war-
ranty are taking a beating, and the
problem seems to be centered about a
relatively small number of tube types
that are notorious for early breakdown.
As a result, Raytheon conducted a na-
tion -wide survey among service profes-
sionals to determine the ten most
(un) popular types.
The "winners" of this contest will
constitute the first ten tubes in the Ac4bratir --
manufacturers new "Uniline" series.
Others will be added later. Uniline
types will be manufactured under spe-
cial supervision to insure high reliabil-
Service Technicians! YOU EARN MORE...
ity, with an elaborate system of quality -
control checks. To back up this series
and to allay some of the call -back loss
YOU RATE with the public when you own
suffered by service operators, Raytheon
offers a special guarantee. For any tube
in the line that fails during the war-
the PHOTOFACT service data library!
ranty period, the dealer will not only You enjoy maximum earnings as the
receive the usual replacement at no HOW TO STAY AHEAD...
charge, but he will also receive one owner of a complete PHOTOFACT Yes, the truly successful Service
dollar as partial compensation for his Service Data Library! It's inevitable, Technicians are those who own
no- charge call. because no matter how expert you are, the complete PHOTOFACT Library,

New Monthly Format

Congratulations are in order to the
you can always sare more time on
any job, get more jobs done daily
EARN MORE, DAY IN AND DAY OUT...
- who can meet and solve any re-
pair problem- faster and more
profitably. And these men keep
Television Service Association of North- ahead because they're on a Stand-
eastern New York on the new format What's more -as the owner of a ing Order Subscription with their
for its monthly "TSA Newsletter." It complete PHOTOFACT Library, you Distributors to receive all new
has always been an informative publi- know your customers' sets best. You PHOTOFACTS as theyare released
cation, although run off as a mimeo- can actually show each customer you monthly. (They're eligible for the
graphed affair in the past. The organ have the PHOTOFACT Folder covering benefits of membership in PEET,
is now being printed professionally. The too -see below!)
latest issue we have received gives an his very own set. Result: You command
explanation of provisions of the state- public respect and acceptance which ONLY $10 DOWN puts the com-
plete PHOTOFACT Library in your
wide licensing bill supported by TSA paves the way to more business and shop -and you have up to 30 months
and the broader New York group of earnings for you. to pay. See your Sams Distributor
which it is a member, ESFETA. today, or write to
Howard W. Sams
More on Sears
Independent technicians who are NOW IS THE TIME TO JOIN
called in to work on sets carrying the
"Silvertone" brand name of Sears Roe-
buck are running into trouble in more
than one part of the country. We re-
THE POWERFUL NEW PROGRAM
FOR QUALIFIED TECHNICIANS
HOWARD W. SAMS
1724 E. 38th
i
St., Indianapolis
CO., INC.
6, Ind.
cently had occasion to report on an It you now own a PHOTO -
incident in Pennsylvania. Another in- FACT Library or plan to own O Send me lull details on the new "PEET" Program.
one, you can apply for mem-
cident originates in King County, bership in "PEET." It's the
O Send full Information on the Easy -Buy Plan and Free
Washington. An independent called in first industry program really
File Cabinet deal.
by the set owner found that the picture designed to build powerful I'm interested in a Standing Order Subscription.
tube and other tubes, still in warranty, public acceptance for the O I'm a Service Technician O full -time; O part-time
were defective. An attempt to obtain Service Technician who qual-
warranty replacements from the local ifies. Builds enviable prestige My distributor is
Sears service agency proved fruitless. and business for its members.
A complaint to the main electronics Benefits cost you absolutely Shop Name
nothing if you qualify. Ask
division in Chicago brought a quick your Sams Distributor for the Attn
reversal. Sears affirms the fact that "PEET" details, or mail cou-
guaranteed parts remain guaranteed pon today. Address
without regard to who works on the
receiver. -31- L_
City Zone _State __ J
September, 1960 107

www.americanradiohistory.com
 LESS HUM New Audio
ELECTRONICS
LAB TESTED

WORLD
LOWEST NOISE
with Test Report
Mullard
7025
H. H. Scott Model 314 FM Tuner
Audax CA -60 Speaker System
Homewood Model 2 Speaker Enclosure Kit

H. H. Scott Model 314 FM Tuner

new H.H. Scott Model 314 wide - correct station adjustment. Although
THE
band FM tuner is one of the finest no a.f.c. is needed because of the wide -
that we have had a chance to check. band circuitry, all critical circuits use
Mullard special temperature compensation to mini-
The tuner is not only extremely
struction, including spec sensitive and fully meets all the other mize oscillator drift.
mica supports and intern specifications quoted for it by its man- The r.f. section uses a 6BQ7A in a
structure make the 7025 su,, ufacturer, but it shows evidence of con- cascode circuit, followed by a 6U8
perior. particularly in critical. siderable "know-how" in the field of which contains the oscillator and mixer.
high gain circuits where lowe tuner design. Because of the wide - Two stages of i.f. amplification and a
level of hum, noise and micr band circuitry used, no a.f.c. is required third stage as a limiter provide ample
phonics are required. to keep stations in tune. The high gain at broad bandwidth. The second
sensitivity means that even weak sig- ii. stage also acts as limiter so that
A Plug-In Replacement for
nals will be received and will produce actually two cascaded limiters are in
ECC83, 12AX7, 12AX7A adequate limiting. Complete front -end the circuit on very strong signals. A
shielding prevents interference with wide -band ratio detector using crystal
nearby TV sets and helps eliminate diodes drives the audio output stage.
OTHER Mallard TUBES
cross -modulation. To provide for FM multiplex reception,
designed specifically for Nigh Fidelity:
T.N. Mn, M.dl..r, W. Mechanically it also differs from a separate audio output is available
many others on the market in that it which does not go through the volume
Double Diode
EB91/6AL5
ECC81 /I2AT7 Low noise medium 11 dual triode does not use printed wiring, but has control and the output stage.
ECC82 /12AU7 low -noise low p dual triode conventional components on a copper A number of measurements on a
ECC83 /12AX7 Lownoise high Lr duol triode typical tuner yielded the following
ECC85 /6AQ8 RF Double triode bonded to aluminum chassis. The chas-
ECC8B /6A88 Frame grid RF Double triode sis is large enough to permit the place- results:
ECF82 /6U8 RF triode pentode
ECL82 /6BM8 Triode with Output Pentode ment of the power supply section at a Usable sensitivity for 20 -db quieting
EF86 /6267 Low -noise input pentode fair distance from the signal circuits, a (100% modulation): 90 mc., 1.4 pv.; 98
EF94 /6ÁU6 RF AF pentode
High -power pentode, 100 W PP feature which probably accounts for mc., 1.4 uv.; 106 mc., 1.6 Av.
EL34 /6CA7
EL37 High -power pentode, 69 W PP the very low inherent hum level. Heater Usable sensitivity for 30 -db quieting
EL84/6805 Miniature output pentode 20 W PP
Miniature tuning Indicator leads are carefully twisted and routed (100^ír modulation): 90 mc., 2.0 pv.; 98
EM84 /6FG6
EZ80 /6V4 Miniature rectifier cathode type. 90 rno. for minimum hum pick -up and a hum mc., 2.5 pv.; 106 mc., 2.5 µv.
EZ81 /6CA4 Miniature rectifier cathode type. 150 ma.
balancing potentiometer is included. Volume sensitivity for 20 -db audio
6Z34/5A84 Bantam rectifier cathode type, 250 ma.
7189 Miniature output pentode 20W PP The "B +" is filtered through a 3 -sec- loss (100% modulation): 90 mc., 1.0
tion filter and the audio output stage pv.; 98 mc., 1.0 µv.; 106 mc., 1.0 pv.
Available at oll leading distributors.
gets its plate voltage through a fourth Detector peak separation: 2.1 mc.
NOW AVAILABLE: "Mullard Cir-
cuits for Audio Amplifiers" - filter section. Actual hum measure- Detector linear region: 1.2 mc.
136 pages of Stereophonic and ments indicated that the hum level was Oscillator drift: after 10 minute
Monophonic Audio Amplifiers,
AM Tuners, Preamplifiers -only
well below 60 db below 1 volt, the warmup ±20 kc., approx.
$2.50 from your dealer or by limit of our test set -up. Audio output: 1.2 volts r.m.s. undis-
mail. The Model 314 tuner has only an "on- torted.
For detailed technical data and off" control and the tuning dial on the Audio response: within ±1 db from
application information Write: front panel. Audio level is adjusted 30 cps to 15,000 cps except for standard
INTERNATIONAL from the rear. In place of a dial cord,
the tuning shaft is driven directly from
de- emphasis curve.
Actual "on- the -air" tests of this tuner
ELECTRONICS CORP. the front control through a planetary verified the measured data and also in-
Bt Spring Street, New York 12, N. V. friction drive. A tuning eye indicates dicated a very high interference re-
108 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
jection ratio. It performed very well
in capturing weak stations located ad-
THIS IS THE
jacent to strong ones, and generally
gives the user everything one comes to GREATEST
expect in a high -quality FM tuner. The
unit is available for $114.95 and comes `CONTINENTAL'
complete with one audio cable and a
300 -ohm twin -lead antenna. -- OF THEM
ALL...

OP4-.

Audax CA -60
Speaker System
HERE at last is a bookshelf speaker
system that really lives up to its
name. The Audax CA -60 will actually
fit comfortably on a normal bookshelf
since it measures only 9W x 10" x 18 ".
What is more, the highly decorative
inward -curved satin aluminum grille
coupled with the oiled walnut cabinet
results in a strikingly attractive over-
all appearance.
The speakers used are two 6 -inch th` ore%o
high -compliance types for low and mid -
frequencies along with a 3 -inch cone -
type tweeter for the highs. The tweeter
CONTINENTAL `400'
is mounted between the two woofers The
New 4-track
along with its built -in high -pass filter, exciting stereo- record /stereo -playback
a series- capacitor type. Below the specifications tape recorder
tweeter is a small rectangular ducted on the new Norelco guild- crafted by
port which serves to lower the fairly
high resonant frequency of the com- CONTINENTAL '400' Philips of the
pact enclosure. Sound- absorbing mate- (EL.;3.0 ; /.; ) provide only Netherlands
rial is used to line the back cover. an indication of what "the great-
In sweeping the Audax unit with an est Continental of them all" holds in
audio oscillator, we found its mid- store for the music lover,studio-recordist or
range and low- frequency performance high fidelity enthusiast who is seeking a profes-
fairly smooth down to about 70 to 75 sional quality stereo machine at a modest price.
cps. The cone tweeter has a gradual
roll -off at the very high treble frequen- FOUR -TRACK STEREOPHONIC RECORDING AND
cies, so that the over -all effect is one PLAYBACK FOUR -TRACK MONOPHONIC RECORDING
of good balance between highs and AND PLAYBACK THREE TAPE SPEEDS -1..Y8, 33 :i AND 71/2 IPS
lows. The mid-range performance was COMPLETELY SELF- CONTAINED, INCLUDING DUAL RECORD-
clean and there was no evidence of ING AND PLAYBACK PREAMPLIFIERS, DUAL POWER AMPLIFIERS AND
spurious resonances or "birdies." Also, TWO NORELCO WIDE -RANGE LOUDSPEAKERS (SECOND IN LID)
there was no exaggerated bass effects
nor was there any "barrel -house boom" CAN ALSO BE USED AS A QUALITY STEREO HI -FI REPRO-
in the reproduction of the lower tones. DUCING SYSTEM WITH TUNER OR RECORD PLAYER
We were impressed with the very FACILITY FOR MIXING PHONO AND MIKE INPUTS
high efficiency of the unit which would HEAD -GAP WIDTH- .00012" FREQUENCY
permit its use with low- powered RESPONSE -50 TO 18,000 CPS AT 71/2 IPS
phonos and amplifiers. As a matter of
fact, as little as 5 watts of amplifier WOW AND FLUTTER -LESS THAN .15%
Fora
power should be adequate to fill the AT 71/2 IPS SIGNAL -TO -NOISE convincing
average living room with sound when RATIO -48 DB OR BETTER demonstration
this speaker system is used. The power-
handling ability of the system is about
CROSSTALK S5 DB
PORTABLE STYLED BY
- of all of the features
and qualities that
20 watts of peak program material. make the Continental
This system should find acceptance THE CONTINENT'S
TOP DESIGNERS
'400' "the greatest
among the large number of people who A Noreleo 'Continental' of them
either do not want to pay for or do not dual element RUGGED all," visit your favorite
require the extremes of the frequency stereo-
'Z. tr; dynamic hi-fi center, or photo
range. Such individuals may have less microphone dealer, or write for
expensive record players, for example, is standard complete literature to:
with which a speaker system with ex- - equipment North American Philips Co.,lnc.
the
lioniwith
tended low-frequency response would High Fidcl it y Products Division
COIMNENTAI.
serve to intensify the hum and rumble. 230 Duff y Avenue,
In addition, especially for stereo, where Hicksville, L. L, N. Y.
September, 1960 109

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Add dramatic new realism the use of two speaker systems will en-
to your recorded music hance the bass, these units should do
an entirely suitable job.
YOU'RE "IN With dramatic Koss Stereophones, you'll
thrill to new worlds of stereo sound
In summary, the Model CA -60 is a
compact, attractive, general -purpose
high -fidelity speaker system with ade-
reproduction. Your records or tapes sound quate performance at a reasonable
just as if you had an orchestra seat in price. The unit is available at dealers
THE CONCERT Carnegie Hall. Through these comfortable for $59.95. A vinyl -covered model, with
Stereophones, you hear music as perfectly 25 feet of cable, a handle, and a volume
as it can be recorded. Add personalized control, is also available at the same
listening and sound perfection to your high price. -3
HALL" WITH fidelity stereo installation. $24.95.

KOSS STEREOPHONES

Homewood Model 2
Speaker Enclosure Kit
FOR those who are in need of a well -
designed, inexpensive speaker enclo-
sure, and prefer to construct one from
a kit, the Homewood Industries, Incor-
porated Model 2 might be just the an-
swer. It is a book- shelf -type unit, meas-
uring 14" high, 21" wide, and 12'ía"
deep. The enclosure is constructed of
s/." hardwood plywood, and its design is
of the bass -reflex type. It is available
Full Color Giant Fold -Out in either birch or walnut and, since all
four sides are finished surfaces, this
Charts Still Available! model is suitable for either horizontal
or vertical placement. The design is
for use with either 12" or 8" speakers.
Here's a complete series of colorful, authoritative fold -out wall-charts
(originally appearing in the pages of ELECTRONICS WORLD)
yours for only 15Ç each. All in full -color-each suitable for framing.
- The speaker to be used should be of
the wide- frequency -range type, such
as a coaxial unit. Both 8" and 12"
speakers will be suitable but we would,
1. Y.H.F. TY Spectrum and Interf Chart: Servicing aid for TV techni-
cians and hams-saves hours by tracking down interference.
of course, prefer the larger of the two
since it would provide better low -fre-
2. Hl -Fl Crossover Network Design Charts: Tells how to build speaker nets quency response. Since the internal
for any crossover frequency. Complete coil -winding data, capacitor values
given. volume of the cabinet is approximately
3. Color Codes Chart: Gives you coding for capacitors, resistors, trans- 13 cubic feet and the port area is 17,2
-all
formers. resistance control tapers in easy -to -use form. square inches, the most desirable
4. Bass -Reflex Design Charts: Complete data on building own bass -reflex
speaker for a perfect match should be
enclosures for any speaker, including ducted -port enclosures. one having a free -air cone resonance of
5. Radio Amateur Great Circle Chart: For Hams and short-wave listeners- approximately 80 -85 cps.
gives complete listing and map of amateur prefixes by calls and countries. The construction of the kit is not
6. Sound: Fundamental data on all phases of Sound: frequency ranges, sound difficult. All corners are extremely
levels, equal loudness curves. A must for all audiophiles. well- mitred, providing a sturdy assem-
bly. A special tape is supplied with the
ALSO AVAILABLE: kit that is used to temporarily hold the
Reprints of: cabinet corners together while the glue
7. "Build a Citizens Band Transceiver"-complete details on building an I1- dries. This method, even for the com-
meter transceiver for Citizens Band service. plete novice in wood craftsmanship.
8. "Electrical Shock: Fact and Fiction" -must reading for everyone whose results in a fairly good job. We tried
work or hobby involves electricity. Ideal for utility companies ... one corner using this method. and
service associations. found no problems. For the balance of
IMPORTANT: ORDER BY NUMBER! OUR SUPPLY OF ALL GATEFOLDS the assembly, we used wood clamps to
AND REPRINTS IS LIMITED. OFFERED ONLY ON A FIRST COME, really squeeze the joints together, and
FIRST SERVED BASIS. the construction turned out perfectly.
Send 15Ç per selection to Very little sanding was required.
As in all bass -reflex cabinets, some
ELECTRONICS WORLD, Dept. N 960 form of sound absorption material
Box 378, Church Street Station New York 8, New York should be used on at least three of the
non -parallel sides of the cabinet to
110 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
eliminate standing waves within the
box. We used 1" thick glass wool avail-
NAVY VERSION OF GENERAL RADIO #605 -B
able from our local parts distributor LP M,crovolter- Signal
Generator has Cali
since this material was not supplied beated output'/a -100;
000 microvolts at Ire -
with the kit. kC.

One of the greatest advantages of bandsctot30 me

inD7
obtaining an unfinished speaker cabi- callbrateJ
ial with accuracy
dectly of
net is that it gives one the opportunity lee. An
uncalobrated. Is 30 -50
lltI' band,
to finish it to match the decor in the
c. RI n CW
ulated with
mod -
ex-
o
ternal signal 0.15 kc.
house. In the case of this particular or modulated with the
speaker, we stained it to match the
$850 TEST OSCILLOSCOPE FOR ONLY $39.50
Ihhm
I cIllato
adjustable
T5 -34 AP why modltyy radar ce ss Th,s is ready O .1000 i e Percent
wood paneling of the room, and then modul. adjustable 0-
to p
OK'd. 1g
120 v. GO Cy. Used, but checked out and
o
,no case. less cords who. are easy to 50. and read on the
Has
finished it off with two thin coats of make, with reprint of the most Important 17 page of la Volt output inca
a
oil
to light- sh,eldmg hood, t-in VTVM set red line
satin -finish varnish. This particular kit
the Tech Manual. You look
tau a magmfy,ny and the small-tube picture
same as on a S- screen. 0-40 db attenuaton In 2 db
,

, do al
doll
and then accurately attenuated
and
ide Itipbe 'nl, braced
get the exact output In mi
is available in birch for $14.50 and in steps are so acc ttttt that you use as a VTVM. Video volts STy R
.01es accuracy
a: You ea set it to WWV or
meter
Rat 40 cy -21/2 mc. Canton. r,able sweep 10 et'-SO xthe ontrno
walnut for $19.95. EST OF ALL, there
which pulses to be
a Start -Stop' s
, s,t,on on leave It n ll comee back
nd find that the drift (rem zero beat fI
amtr. y low -
9
-3N- each trigger their own
sweep. with durationsof 5. 50. or 250 u-sec pitched audio tone! Approved the F.A.A.for all
and linear that you use to measure pulse width. oe au ticals g. You get 't completely checked
INVALUABLE TO VIEW TV PULSES! Pulses may be uï
ana tdied.cfob Los Angeles.
,

periodic or andom, neg., as low as 0.1 tue only $179.50

and from a pip to 200'u wd. It d y t' I I

VR HINT sweep start before pulse appears. AT THIS LOW PRICE

NO ONE NEED DO WITHOUT THIS WONDERFUL
SCOPE!
NBFM SWEEP-FREQUENCY MICROVOLTER
fob Los Angeles. only $39.50 -208 a 1.9..5 and 19.45 mc, th frequency sweeps
By DAVE STONE
1

50 Les 10second from the Internal wobbulator of 150. 400,

0 500. 5000 ow from xterna o
t
. I

DO YOU want to regulate a power sup- SAME. but NEW, with all cords and rate. si k: oex
manual, fob Los Angel..
complete tech m s 10
589.50 ante°r frea bee: by eze o-beaat the panels
ply with VR tubes but find that the or phone lack with an external source. 0 -10 uy dial
and decade multiplier give 0.1.100.000 uy output cali-
power supply's output voltage is too low TS- 3401'AP. No cord.
certified equal to new
carryon Checked and
s TS- 34!20. except that
.at,on. Schematic and truct,ons pasted nside
hinged cover. Woks on 1205 V. GO cy c or on 12 v dc
I

to start or "fire" the VR tubes? Voltage e triggered sweeps a can be red 4'' -e. the self- contained dynamotor. <
20 -50. and 120.280 microseconds 539.50 5Ith
1800.00 each! In apparently cellenl ditton
regulators such as the 0A2 and OB2 re- (visual on.f.ectoon) fob
only
aur. Ill. $69.50
quire an average starting voltage of 25 to LOOK! $49.50 BUYS AN APR-4 RECEIVER!
AN APR 4 Receiver Umt, ready to accept plug-on tun.
35 volts higher titan their nominal regu- ,fig units from 38 to 4000 mc. Thiss he 30 me I.F. VHF MICROVOLTER SIGNAL GENERATOR
lating voltage. The 0A2 regulates at a ampl. with c of 0.6 or 4 me ass band, for e
munocation or ' for Noose & SpeCtrum
built-,n 120 v. GO c
analysos. Has
supply, Panadapter out.
LAF 2.
and
90600 me, accuracy
Aircraft service w
For FCC VHF Mobile
can óe set within s/40/. by
/
nominal 150 volts but requires about put. video output. Phones outputs. S -Mete, FO. and beadtingACév
ate ëolooIled
mote of . I r bong . -
eldge c euItymeters output
Volume control. 00 NOT CONFUSE with the much
185 volts to fire while the 0132 regulates earloer madel AR -1: this AR In app arently -! 1-100.000 microvolts. Checked and Certified by Starry
,
dards Lab. With calibration chart..
at 100 volts but requires about 130 volts EXCELLENT condition (visual inspection) (149.50
less tuning units. fob Los Angeles tl schematic nstruct,ons. ONLY $99.50
for starting. 0.10e LAE: Same, except 520 -1300 me. With
dials 10.110
The problem of too -low starting volt- WHEATSTONE BRIDGE.
DC
ohms. and Ratio mal X.001 to 5100 on
1.
decade steps.
calibration charts. checked OX 599.50
galvanometer. LSN x5430.
age becomes tougher when two of the Same specs
guaranteed, LAI or LAE Ispec,fy) less charts, visually
goad but unchecked, only $29.95
same type VR's are added in series fob Los Angeles.! Ourteho ce N.`)... 109.00
across the power supply to regulate a
higher voltage, because the starting volt-
age must then he approximately dou-
O
535% IMPROVEMENT FOR YOUR RECEIVER!
X.535. A complete receiver 53
190-Ith
550 kc and which u
wd. S
panel speaker sand phone jack.
h, 13-
,ch tunes
2 stage of 85 lee I.F.
° " X -BAND SPECTRUM ANALYZER
TS -148 UP at lowest price catered! Main
only, no case or Cords. checked and certi-
fled OX. fob Los Angeles. only $299.50
unit

bled, i.e., two 0A2's require about 370 Ready to pug Into 120 V.
tubplating transformer
d I80 d
and total f
power t' supply
I

es. Note that the tuning range ncludes YOUR RT -18 /ARC -1
%ohs while two OB2's take 260 volts. 7
',center's LF., probably 455 ke. You feed your I.F.
This problem can be solved if the up
output. u d t e ed. to the antenna post of OX -535.
d tune Cu latter to 55 ke. Now your roc
10.cnannel ...controlled
Autotune amtr.rcyr 100.
F. output I amplified In the RI stage of 0X.535. 158 mc. for
power supply can furnish at least 10 to I

nuble.superheterodyned down to SS kc. amplified at

ate
nagflt, now ayaolable to
Export packed
20 volts above the n al regulating Its ke, detected. and put thru the AF amplifier of
OX 533. For CW. y e the FO OX -535. Sup-
am .

absolutely
voltage under normal loading condi- pose that y Car reee
Q and pass
e
and the OX -535 have the u
h r I.F.'s. /425tave
o of 435 kc ,
an
)Ike -new conmtion. Watt.
fthematic S In truetion.
tzaéootft.5
tions. A diode and two resistors added
to the series regulating circuit will en-
2275 cy. but
isóó5
Vit
to 25
them tremendous
ke s only
n 5.35 to 1, s you
ont i your
Nherrat,.
SENSITIVITY'
ei s SELECTIVITY.
t you
extra mstag.mof low-
fob
Christi.
ob T $49.503
Add $19.50 for
plugs. d
r.
control box.
able the power supply to fire the VR expect from all those
mpl,hcat.on. 16 lbs fob
tubes in parallel and, once fired, the VR LOS Angeles. only 531.59 ARMED FORCES GEIGER COUNTER
AN, OR -SC eta 6 Gamma adia-
tubes will regulate in series.
A TERRIFIC BUY IN XMTR POWER SUPPLY
t,o on
Rae,ae
scales. 0.500 MRuhr.
Excellent cone..on, fob Los Anget
t
0 e res
$29.50
The two 47,000 -ohm resistors pass
enough current initially to start the VR's & VOLUME-COMPRESSING AUDIO AMPLIFIER
You p*Séón Inp 30 speech that VISUAL PLOTS OF TUBE PARAMETERS
in parallel and also bias the diode so put tto
0.9500
t blast of +95.. ab
od Lat on level.
the
6 -tube chass,f includes A le unit. desk and two w t, ail
n plots
that it does not conduct. When the VR keyed tone
uPP 8Ú7'Ñ 6`X o
and rdetone. Carbon or dyn. tm,ke.
gn ers
tubes fire, the diode conducts and places
both tubes in series across the supply
iodul< NV p
600 v 5 ,n .
ut. You also get

You also get two FW selenium

plug-in
pply puts out filtered DC's of
300 v. 175 ma. and v bias. Uses
4 3Ci3s for which you can subfblute Silicon di-
7
by' Naval Ordnance 1Labte
000.00! In excellent cond,Npn, with insruction book
wrrteup for Cann L.R.E.
your
and a Yd.
erdeenUtion.
e
Will arrange
at Ca cost ao

voltage. The same circuit and parts can a ging taps and us v 60 Cy blower. to `I pplies Leh
Silver sping. Md. $1995.00
Fred DC's of 12 v. 1 A and -115 v A. Input
be used successfully with two 0A2's in 1'15 v, 60 cy. Cr. schemat.e. parts cbaracter,st,e.
TRANSMIT 4 X 400 WATTS Al, A2, A3
tete 175 lbs fob Los Angeles.
series for 300 -volt regulation or two out chopped as Transformers at very
0B2's in series for 200 -volt regulation. rate, le.s tubes. Only 'W $14.95
AN
Four transmitters T FRC can be set up to
ferent frequencies 2 -18 me. crystal
-
FRT -1 complete and brand new. 2 sets available.
NO. Each
dif-
The 2500 -ohm series potentiometer is mita 400 watts RI ultaneous !operation, all
0.1% SORENSEN LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR modulated by one MD -1 !FRC, and all S ',wee. powered
adjusted to obtain proper regulation somult 220
, 50005 brand at a low surplus pri! YO one

when the normal load is connected to

the power supply and may be replaced
lt
iastable
!one frequency
110
Solo' -120 volts tI
f q y
Taps for
ce O
and holds the pre-set vole.

phase. Regultesagainst lone changeso of ' 95.530 V.

fth
s

t8025/
SO 60 cy. IExbport boxed. ` /spares
FOE Los Angeles. each complete set. 4950f00
GET THIS VERSATILE MULTITAP ISOLATOR
by fixed resistance of equivalent value if against load change from 0 to 5000 VA. Recause
I the low P It art planning to use at SOS watt SO 60 cy. transformer has 120v 1.3 A
desired.
,
lower-power 'applications `which m y later bees s for 120 240. 80v and a A secondary .1
fended to 5 IvA. Max. harmonies o less than 3e. Re. ta pped 142 133 127 120 114 109 104v. With dia-
rovery time 0.15 seconds. e'In rack cabinet 28" h, 22" gram. Shipped only by collect Rai1Ex
sud, 15" dp. Net wt 190 lbs. Note that Input to con. FOS Lo Angeles. Send us only $1.95
RI trot alt c be moved to actual ,nt of u of
power, 'tocompensate for lone drop. Shp. wt 285 lbs
O8 Utica. N. Y. warehouse. Packed foe port. (13
u ft.) Catalog net price n 5695.00. les spares. Our SCHEMATICS /CONVERSIONS, SURPLUS GEAR
proce, new, on er,gInal packing, NEW! Send long stamped ddessed enveloe.
Lost G.
WITH SPARES, Is only $349.50 Includes Manual.. Add 5e for co.
AN nyOTech e Chartn gs:
TIME PAY PLAN: 10, down of mdse i new. 2500
20-page book on 1.177. with diagram fer MX -949/U
socket adapter. A tube data compiled ft to!March 1957
VI
o.fiance.
Add 100 (but 510.00 m
Monthly payment is 1 1m
rn) to unpaid
12 of that total.
$5.00. RT -38 ARC.1 A tune.
MAR. 22 pages a S large pullout schematics. $5.00.
sc..,
str. 52.00. pi
052
062 OUTPUT
R44 AIMS AM -FM r
Hallo crafters cost the Air Force $900.00. Tunes
TWO 062*S -300V 27.8 to 143 m ontinuous on 3 bands. Includes Polies, Fore, A, low
0025 -200 V. TV channels. Amateur 10 and 6 meter bands and the FM Broadcast ' Sand
TWO
68 -108 mc. In the ROAD switch portion, is -fi, with cathode -follower
output at the Video tack to feed your amplifier speaker setup. It uses Arm-
h,
strong FM discriination.
m has a limiter stage, and the S-. meter . also
tuning indicator for FM. The oscillator i voltage regulated for ttab,lIty.
POWER SUPPLY Was a 14 -tube supehet with 956 rerad,ation supPressur and 956 RI. but we
remove and bypass the first 956. change the ,r cu,t slightlyy and substitute a
INPUT 6A1S the RI stage. We ship to you aligned, edified, ready to use.
315V. FOR TWO 052'5 with entra pin jack brought out to the front panel from the last 5.25 mc
AM I.F. stage so you < f you wish. double superheterodyne nto any re-
220V. FOR TWO OB2'S ceiver tunes to 5.25'm with W ncludes
our own 120 y 60 cy power supply laeown alongside the recel in the picture) which also furnishes $149.50
oc to drive the automatic tuning motor In the r of youvw,sh to use H. 105 Lo Angeles. sl
Time Pay !Plan: $14.95 down 12 mo. payments of $12.33.

California Buyers Add 4% Sales Tax

R. E. GOODHEART CO. P. O. BOX 1220 -A BE RWoRNiALS

September. 191 111

www.americanradiohistory.com
 230 feet. If the runway is not in sight
FINE ENOUGH when passing over the middle marker,
Radio Aids to Navigation
to cut a human hair (Continued from page 60) the airplane must pull up from its de-
scent. If the runway is in sight, a nor-
mal landing may then be made and the
STURDY ENOUGH beacon, Hayward Beacon at 242 kc., to aircraft has successfully completed its
to cut 12-gauge copper wire mark the point at which an ILS de- flight.
scent should begin. Therefore, a pilot's it the aircraft does not possess a
first task is to bring his airplane over Glide Slope receiver, then descent
Hayward Beacon at the proper altitude must be made with reference to a
and heading before an ILS descent Rate of Descent meter. The ILS ap-
can begin. proach chart for Oakland specifies
The simplest procedure is to use an various rates of descent from Hay-
ADF receiver to home -in on the beacon ward Beacon for various aircraft
itself. Oakland VOR can also be used speeds in knots. Note that the rate
since the 93- degree radial from Oak- is based upon true ground speed of
land VOR passes directly over Hay- the landing aircraft. True ground
ward Beacon. The actual procedure to speed is calculated by correcting true
be followed will depend upon the air speed for wind air speed. Thus,
equipment on board the aircraft and the pilot must compute his true
specific instructions from the instru- ground speed before beginning an ILS
ment traffic control operator at Oak- descent.
land. GCA
If an aircraft flies towards Hayward
Beacon from the east on a heading of GCA (Ground Controlled Approach)
275 degrees and intercepts the beacon represents the only terminal naviga-
at an altitude of 2600 feet, the plane tion system that does not require any
will intersect the ILS Localizer and navigational instruments on board the
Glide Slope signals over the beacon. landing aircraft. GCA consists simply
Note that the Localizer signal, at 109.9 of a ground -based radar which is ca-
mc., intersects Hayward Beacon at a pable of accurately tracking approach-
Spetunitlehiga bearing heading of 275 degrees and
that the Glide Slope signal, at 333.8
ing aircraft in azimuth and elevation.
A GCA traffic controller on the ground
observing a radar display can guide an
mc., being directed upwards at an angle
of 2 degrees -54 minutes intercepts airplane to an instrument landing by
Hayward Beacon at an altitude of 2600 literally "talking" the pilot down along
feet. A compass locator broadcasting a glide path to the runway.
at 341 kc. is located at the middle GCA was developed originally for
No. 748 Long -reach the armed forces during World War
marker to help aircraft in lining up
End Cutter along the proper heading of 275 de-
grees.
II and consisted of several independent
radar transmitters. Civil GCA today
consists of two radar units. An "Air-
Here's the answer to your hard- to -get- Upon passing over Hayward Beacon,
at wire cutting jobs . the CHAN- the Localizer and Glide Slope signals port Surveillance Radar" (ASR) scans
NELLOCK Long -Reach End Cutter. can be followed down to the runway. an area about 30 miles from the center
Gets into tight places you can't reach The outer marker is located 4.1 miles of the airport and is used for establish-
with any other cutter. Especially handy from the end of the runway and an air- ing initial contact with aircraft and
for electrical, radio, TV, Hi -Fi and guiding them along a proper approach
electronics work. Precision -honed, spe- craft should pass over this marker at
cially hardened cutting edges. Long, an altitude of 1320 feet. The middle course to within about 5 miles from the
blue -plastic coated handles. Top quality marker is located 0.6 mile from the end end of the runway. A second radar.
polished forged steel. Ask your tool of the runway and an aircraft should the "Precision Approach Radar"
supplier for a CHANNELLOCK No. pass over this marker at an altitude of (PAR), then takes over and guides the
748 End Cutter. If he doesn't have aircraft down a glide path to the run-
one, ask him to order it for you. way.
Multipurpose ILS and VOR indicator which The Airport Surveillance Radar dis-
shows "Up- Down" glide -slope indications, play consists of a Plan Position Indica-
"Left- Right" VOR or localizer indications. tor (PPI) type of display which shows
Lights at upper left are marker -beacon in- azimuthal (left- right) direction of air-
Write for Catalog of dicators. VOR course selector shows radial
Complete Line of Pliers angle in numeral window, and "To- From"
craft from the airport. The Precision
indication shows in window at upper right. Approach Radar presents two separate
displays. A limited angle PPI (B
Scope) display shows azimuthal posi-
tion along the direction of approach. A
Range-Height Indicator (RHI) display
$4711 LONG-REACH FLAT-NOSE PLIER
shows elevation (up -down) position
along this approach path. The photo-
graph of a GCA control center clearly
shows the types of displays used.
GCA could be used as a primary ter-
4721 LONGREACH DIAGONAL CUTTER minal navigation aid, but it is not. Its
high cost in comparison to ILS is cer-
tainly one of the reasons why ILS is
found at every large airport and GCA
= 731 LONG-REACH ROUND-NOSE PLIER
is not. Furthermore, pilots prefer ILS
because it gives them a reassuring
shipboard visual indication of position
Channellock Pliers are made only by which GCA cannot provide. As a re-
sult, ILS forms the main radio aid to
CHAMPION DeARMENT TOOL COMPANY terminal navigation in this country.
Meadville, Pennsylvania
GCA is mainly used as an aid in emer-
112 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
gency situations where either ILS thank the Federal Aviation Agency,
equipment fails or an unequipped air- Collins Radio Company, Aero Signal SEND
plane is caught in poor weather. Labs, the National Aeronautical Com-
During the past three months we pany, Lear, Incorporated, and the Ben -
have examined the operation of our dix Aviation Corporation for their ELECTRONICS WORLD
country's major civil aids to aircraft friendly cooperation and assistance
navigation. These navigational sys- which made these articles possible. Ul.;l tti.
tems are unique in the world and illus- BIBLIOGRAPHY
EVERY
trate typical American engineering in- Termau, F. E.: "Radio Engineer's Hand-
genuity. No other federal government
in the world provides a more extensive
book," McGraw -Hill Rook Company, Inc.,
New York, 19)3 edition. Section 12, pages MONTH
array of aids to civil aviation than the 872 -9111. TtrivQ

Henney, K.: "Radio Engineering Hand-

United States, and this is important. In book." McGraw-Hill Rook Company, Inc.,
most other countries, civil aviation is New York, 1950 edition. Chapter 21, pages
1068 -1158.
virtually non -existent due to tight fed- Rond. D. S.: "Radio Direction Finders,"
eral restrictions. In the United States, McGraw -Hill Rook Company, Inc., New
York. 19$).
however, private aircraft far outnum- Hall, J. S.: "Radar Aids to Naviation,"
ber commercial airliners. In June 1959, MIT Radiation Laboratory Series, Vol. 2,
19 )7.
for example, privately registered air- Lyon. T. C.: "Practical Radio Naviga-
craft accounted for 96.2% of all regis- tion," Aeronautical Services, Inc., Annapolis, name
1955.
tered airplanes in comparison to the "Air Navigation for Pilots."
airlines' 1.8%. This means that radio C. S. Air Force 31acual 51 -53, Washington, address
1952.
navigation aids should be simple in
principle and inexpensive to receive. EDITOR'S NOTE: Readers of these arti-
cles will be interested in a series of city zone state
All present radio aids are just that. long -play records released by Aero-
As the airlines adopt higher speed jet Progress, Inc., 10193 Santa .Monica Check one:
Bird., Los Angeles 25, Calif. dealing
transports, present navigational aids with radio aids to aircraft navigation. 3 years for $12 2 years for
The first of these, entitled "On Course, S9
may not be adequate and longer range On the Glide Pate" (priced at $.5.98 1 year for S5
aids will be needed. direct from the company). describes
The future will see the development and illustrates by means of actual in- In the U. S.. its possessions, and Canada
the-air recordings the use and sounds
of many new radio aids that will sim- of the radio aids covered by Author Payment enclosed Bill me
plify the staggering job of air traffic Cieca.
Other records in the series, entitled Foreign rates: Pan American Union
control and ease air navigation for "Instrument Flight" and "Aircraft countries, add .50 per year; all
every pilot, private or commercial. It Co nl na unica fions." corer an actual in-
strument flight from take -off to touch- other foreign countries, add
is certain that these radio aids will down and illustrate the use of other $1.00 per year.
strengthen our country's unique belief aircraft radio equipment by actual
examples. For further details, we Mail to: ELECTRONICS WORLD,
in the freedom of the airlanes. suggest that our readers contact the
In closing, the author would like to company at the rr bore address. Dept. EW 96, 434 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago 5, III.

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.
Complying with Federal regulation.. the Inlln.mr Na,rmrnt mowers
Ueinr' Tnl,w appearing in this ad may be FACTORY SECONDS or
ueelarle
all Tri-Vae adt<r-
tubes and
SaQe
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FREE BONUS Of RABBIT EARS ANTENNA
(EEO. $7.951 Sent FREE with coot eri1
Harrison Avenue Box 107 Harrison, N. J. HUmboldt 4.9770
September. 1960 113

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Tubes and
Semiconductors
A Forecast of Sales
By LOUIS MARTIN An informed estimate of the relative importance of
General Marketing Manager, Westinghouse Electric
Corp., Electronic Tube Division the tube and semiconductor market for the year 1962.
WHEN the semiconductor emerged Will distributors be selling as many purchases, and is undoubtedly the most
TV from the relative seclusion of the tubes then as they did in 1958? Or will important single category in the dis-
laboratory into the bright sunlight of semiconductors sweep the field like tributor business.
practical application, a wave of fear molten lava? Other parts represent electronic
that the vacuum tube was dying trav- The answer is that, because tubes components and devices of all types,
eled over the engineering grapevine and semiconductors each have relative exclusive of tubes. This market more
system. Many new equipments in advantages, both will be with us for a than tripled in eight years.
which tubes could outperform semi- long time to come. Distributor revenue represents the
conductors had the latter designed into Some Figures mark -up charged by the distributor
them, because the romantic appeal of and the technician for the functions
the new offspring transcended the Let us look at some figures. they perform.
operating advantages of tubes. Industrial and commercial electronic
There are applications where the su- equipment increased from $680 million The Semiconductor Market
periority of semiconductors is unques- in sales in 1950 to $2.5 billion in 1958.
tioned. Examples are hearing aids,
:
Of this $2.5 billion, $1.0 billion was de- The semiconductor market may be
portable radios used for entertainment rived from factory installation, opera- broken down into three parts: (1)
purposes, and simple applications re- tion, distribution, and repair. It is transistors, (2) diodes and rectifiers
quiring "information diodes." On the estimated that this business will be (germanium and silicon), (3) others
other hand, in those applications in $3.7 billion in 1962 and that, of this (thermisters, dynisters).
which temperature variations are im- amount, about $1.5 billion will repre- A tabulation of sales of transistors
portant, in which extremely small size sent factory installation, operation, and diodes shows the following (in mil-
is not too important, in which power distribution, and repair. lions of dollars) :

consumption is not a major considera- The home entertainment electronics 1955 1951 1962 fat.)
Transistors 306+
tion, engineers would be well advised market is composed of two parts: the Diodes & Rectifiers
15
15
115
100 160
to examine carefully the relative char- factory value of the sets and the value
Total 30 215 460+
acteristics of tubes before commit- added through distribution. In 1958, These figures are estimates of total
ments on final design are made. Cost, this market was about $2.3 billion and sales, OEM and distributor. A break-
which is nearly always a consideration, it is estimated that it will be $3.2 bil- down is extremely difficult, because the
is generally on the side of tubes at this lion in 1962. accuracy of the data, especially during
time, although this can change in the On the average, the value added the early years, is not too good. The
future. Some additional factors influ- through distribution is between 35 %- fact remains, however, that the tre-
encing the choice of tubes or semicon- 40% of the total. It is more difficult to mendous increase in sales automati-
ductors are: upper frequency limit, estimate this market than commercial cally will be felt in the distributor
noise figure, high -voltage require- or military markets, because radio, market, although the numerical extent
ments, nuclear radiation, and reliabil- TV, and hi -fi are more susceptible to is subject to some debate at this time.
ity. The choice is not always a simple price changes -a fact well known to One reason for this is the lack of
one. those who are radio and TV, as well as accurate statistical data on field per-
It should be mentioned that tube parts distributors. formance of semiconductors. In the
companies are not asleep at the switch. The replacement market is served case of tubes, such data are available,
Almost every, if not all, major manu- by two types of electronic distributors: simply because they have been in ex-
facturer of receiving tubes is working the industrials, who obtain 20% -25% istence for so long. As time goes on
on basically new designs, which will of this market, and the entertainment and field data are collected, assembled,
increase their advantages in some distributors, who get 75 %-80% of this and analyzed, more accurate predic-
areas and thus make the decision of business. A tabulation of this market tions can then be made for semicon-
the equipment design engineer easier. is as follows (in millions of dollars) :
ductors.
As far as the distributor is con- 1950 1958 1962 (est.)
Service & Installation 330 1.140 1,350 There are some who believe that the
cerned, however, equipment appears in Tubes 60 200 350 replacement business of semiconduc-
the field with either tubes or semicon- Other Parts 180 610 760
Distribution Revenue 160 620 740 tors should be small, because they have
ductors. His job, therefore, is to fur- Service and installation represent such long life. This statement should
nish replacements for these equipments the charge to the consumer for time not be made at this time. The "long
and to supply laboratories and small and labor of the technician. Approxi- life" reputation of semiconductors, for
OEM (original equipment manufac- mately 85%-90% of this is for servic- the most part, is an extrapolation of
turer) accounts with either tubes or ing radio and TV. The growth of this laboratory-controlled data and is not
semiconductors, so that the research business, four times between 1950 and supported by sufficient field data, as
man or design engineer can work to 1958, is significant, and the total dol- stated previously. Failures of compo-
his heart's content to freeze his design lars is greater than any of the other nents in equipment other than the
-with either tubes or semiconductors. major categories. semiconductors, sudden large power
And, like an undertaker, the distribu- Tube sales to distributors, $280 mil- surges, large increases in temperature,
tor gets the business at the end. lion in 1958 and $350 million in 1962, even for short intervals, and mechan-
Where will this business be in 1962? represent about 30% of all distributor ical mis- handling all tend to shorten
114 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 semiconductor life. This, of course,
requires replacement in the field. A
good illustration of this is in the extent FREE
of sales of selenium and silicon recti-
fiers for TV sets. Certainly, industry- C -FREER
wide, they are not negligible. One final,
important consideration is manufac- BOOKLET
turing technique -it
is one thing to
make nearly theoretically perfect tran-
sistors in the laboratory and quite an-
other to mass -produce them for an un-
told number of applications:
It should also be mentioned that
SEE transistors have not yet achieved the
Pablo Picasso by Irving Penn state of standardization of tubes.
Tube Market
the A comparison of the corresponding
total manufacturers' tube sales, OEM
and distributor, is as follows (in mil-
1961 PHOTOGRAPHY lions of dollars) :
1955 1958 1962 (est.)
ANNUAL Receiving Tubes
Power Tubes
360
115
340
140
320
180

Total 475 480 500

Note that cathode -ray tubes have
Features on: not been tabulated or discussed. The
reason is simple. As yet, no one has to guide you
Photojournalism designed a semiconductor to replace a to a
Glamor cathode -ray tube. successful future
Abstraction Comparing these figures with those
of semiconductors, it is expected that in
Nudes from Japan total tube sales will be about equal to
International Portfolio
Industrial Advertising
semiconductor sales by about 1962. Be-
cause, in general, receiving tubes cor-
ELECTRONICS
respond to transistors and power tubes
to semiconductor diodes, a comparison RADIO -TV
Plus the work of of each of these categories shows that
they each will be about equal by 1962. COMPUTERS
Cartier Several conclusions can be drawn
Bresson from these figures. ELECTRICAL
Davidson
,..,PHOTOGRAPHY
ANNUAL
(1) Transistors and semiconductors
are an essential part of the market. ENGINEERING
Halsman (2) Tubes will increase in sales with
time, but not nearly as rapidly as semi- This interesting pictorial booklet
Haas tells you how you can prepare for a
conductors.
Heyman (3) Tubes and semiconductors will dynamic career as an Electrical En-
Nakamura have about the same dollar volume of gineer or Engineering Technician in
sales by 1962. many exciting, growing fields:
Penn MISSILES RADAR RESEA RCH
(4) Power tube sales show a steady
Winquist increase with time. ELECTRICAL POWER ROCKETRY
and many AUTOMATION AVIONICS
others SALES DEVELOPMENT
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PHOTOGRAPHY ANNUAL. I enclose $1.25, Computers Electrical Engineering
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September. 1960 115

www.americanradiohistory.com
 A
PROPHECY
a sincere desire to succeed
]?or men and women with

"In the years that have passed since my days

on the faculty of RCA Institutes, I have be-
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What man has done, man can do better."

Chairman of the Board,

Radio Corporation of America

RCA Institutes Offers the Finest of Home Study and Resident Training
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RCA Institutes, founded in 1909, is means dependability, integrity, and ing from electronic fundamentals to
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116 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 warding positions on research and pro-
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The Most Trusted Name in Electronics

Vat,
September, 1960 119

www.americanradiohistory.com
 CITIZEN BAND BERT WHYTE
By

CLASS "D"

CRYSTALS
All 22 Frequencies in Stock
3rd overtone. .005% tolerance -to
meet all FCC requirements. Hermetically sealed HC6, U
holders. 1'pin spacing -.0S0 pins.
$ 95
(.093 pins available, add I Sc per
crystal.) EACH
We can supply matched sets for Globe, Gonset,
Fong, and Hallierafters units at 55.90 per set. Specify
transmitting frequency and make of equipment.
The following frequencies in stock (frequencies listed
CERTIFIED
in megacycles): 26.965, 26.975, 26.985, 27.005,
27.015, 27.025, 27.035, 27.055, 27.065, 27.075,
27.085, 27.105, 27.115, 27.125, 27.135, 27.155,
27.165, 27.175, 27.185, 27.205, 27.215, 27.225,
RECORD REVUE
RADIO CONTROL In NC6 U holders
stock for immediate delivery -all
channels. Pin 1 WITH this column, I begin my eighth year of the "Death and Transfiguration" It is really
1 diameter .050. $2.95 eo..093 pin spacing, add 13e. 1 reviewing for this magazine. No wonder I huge, ultra- sonorous with great groaning
SEALED OVERTONE CRYSTALS Ssrpplled In metal
1 NC6 /U heldere. 1 am getting gray around the temples! All kid- basses and formidable brass and percussion.
1 Pin spacing .486, diameter .050 ding aside, time certainly does fly. It seems Directivity and depth are handled with taste
15 to 30 MC .005 tolerance $3.83 ea.
30 to 45 MC .005 tolerance $4.10 ea.
only yesterday that I was campaigning in these and the reverb is calculated to lend a rich
1 pages for a thing called pre- recorded tape "bloom" to the over -all sound.
1.- - t- m-mwammt__t_t__t_,
45 to 60 MC .005 tolerance $4.30 ea.
and it was "monaural" yet 1 This disc again refutes those who say that
And then we went to bat for a new -fangled a stereo disc cannot maintain a sufficiently
QUARTZ CRYSTALS
for every rondo;
thing called "binaural" sound ... and then strong bass response.
soon came stereo tape and of course the stereo
All crystals made from Grade FRANCK
"A" imported quarts- ground disc. And in between were the Audio Fairs,
and etched to exact frequen- where every year the technology of hi -fi be- SONATA IN A MAJOR FOR VIOLIN
cies. Unconditionally guaran- came ever more precise and more sophisticated. AND PIANO
teed! Supplied ine During those years we have had our great DEBUSSY
FT -241 holders MC -7 holders
Pin spacing 1' Pin spacing y.' debates ... the rise of the small speaker and it SONATA FOR PIANO AND VIOLIN
pin diameter .093 pin diameter .125
versus the big ... an argument that still rages IN G MINOR
DC -34 holders
Din spacing V.'
FT -171 holders
pin spacing h' and probably will continue for years to come. Isaac Stern, violinist, and Alexander
Pin diameter .1% banana pins The hi -fi world expanded and evolved during Zakin, pianist. Columbia Mono ML5470.
MADE TO ORDER CRYSTALS those years and some cynics think that the Price $4.98.
1001 KC to 2600 KCs period up to 1958 was the "golden years of A small -scaled, but nonetheless delectable
01% tot <e::,,c e $ 2.00 ea..005 %tolerance $2.73 ea. item for those who favor chamber music. Two
2601 KC to 9000 KC, .005% tolerance $2,30 ea. hi -fi" and something which we will not see
9001 KC to 11,000 KC, .005% Sol. $3.00eo. again. of the loveliest sonatas for piano and violin
Specify holder wanted Well the hi -fi scene has changed and ad- ever written, are given thoughtful, rather
ANY AMATEUR, NOVICE, TECHNICIAN mittedly some of the changes are less than cerebral performances, which also have their
SAND CRYSTALS lyrical moments.
80 meters 3701.3749 KC .01% tolerance desirable. There are too many pundits ex-
40 meters 7152 -7198 KC
15 meters 7034 -7082 KC
6 meters 8335.8650 KC
50 ea. pounding on stereo who actually are babes in
the woods on the subject, there are too many
fast buck boys climbing on the stereo band-
Stern's tone is ravishingly beautiful and no
one could help but admire Zakin's estimable
playing as well. The recorded sound is moder-
within I KC)
MARINE FREQUENCY CRYSTALS-All marine fre- wagon, and the result is far too great a per- ately close -up but, in my opinion, this type of
quencies from 2000.3200 KC .005 tolerance $2.30 centage of the public still pretty confused repertoire calls for less reverb than was used.
ea. (supplied in either FT -243, MC -7 or FT -171 holders about this stereo business. The general con- Very clean and bright sound throughout.
STOCK CRYSTALS in FT -243 holders from 5675 KC
to 8650 KC in 25 KC steps 73e each or 3 for $2.00 sensus among knowledgeable people in this
FT -241 Lattice Crystals in all frequencies from 370 KC industry is that it is time for a housecleaning CHOPIN
to 540 KC (all except 455 KC and 500 KC) 30e ea. and a more honest presentation of facts to the CONCERTO FOR PIANO AND
Matched pairs -
Pin spacing t'A' Pin diameter .093
15 cycles $2,30 per pair
200 KC Crystals $2.00 ea.
public. Otherwise the record industry will
continue in its present rather chaotic state and
ORCHESTRA #1 IN E MINOR
KRAKOWIAK (Op. 14)
455 KC Crystals $1.30 ea. this will be reflected in slumping sales figures. Stefan Askenase, pianist, with Residentie
500 KC Crystals $1.30 ea. Orchestra, The lingue, conducted by
100 KC Frequency Standard Crystals in HC6 /U holders As I write this column it is early July and
$4.30 ea, while a seasonal slump in sales has always been Willem van Otterloo. Deutsche Grant-
Socket for FT-243 crystal 13e ea.
a part of the record business, this year they mophon Stereo 138085. Price $5.98.
Dual socket for FT -243 crystals 13e ea. Here is another of those fabulously quiet -
Sockets for MC-7 and FT -171 crystals 13e ea. are really singing the blues. And many feel it
Ceramic socket for HC6 /U crystals 20e ea. is directly traceable to all this hysterical "over- surfaced records pressed by DGG in Germany.
FREE! Write for new Catalog #860 with oscillator cis sell" on packaged stereo, where the majority This is a rousing perusal of the Chopin "Piano
cuits of the units give only marginal stereo, if that. Concerto #1" by Chopin specialist Askenase.
ASK YOUR PARTS DEALER FOR TEXAS CRYSTALS Thus, for a variety of reasons, my expected He brings to the work a remarkable facility of
See big red display... if he doesn't stock them, send deluge of new recordings did not happen and touch coupled with a big tone and brilliantly
us his name and order direct from our factory. expressive dynamics.
it will probably be the November issue before
ORDER FROM OUR NEW FLORIDA PLANT any of the big fall issues begin to show. In the The same can be said of his traversal of the
Use coupon below for 1st Class shipment meantime there are still a few choice items to difficult grand rondo the "Krakowiak." This
DGG recording is miked quite a bit closer than
TEXAS CRYSTALS discuss.
is usual for them and with the M/S stereo
Dept. R -90, 1000 Crystal Drive, Fort Myers, Fla. STRAUSS, RICHARD technique. I personally like it, as it gives a
For Fastest Service, Phone WE 6 -2100 DEATH AND TRANSFIGURATION more accurate positioning of instruments and
DON JUAN affords better detail. As usual, reverb is bril-
FILL OUT AND ATTACH THIS COUPON TO YOUR OR Minneapolis S 'niphony Orchestra con- liantly handled and the over -all result is one
DER FOR SHIPMENT VIA 1ST CLASS MAIL AT NO
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ducted by Antal Dorati. Mercury Stereo of the best DGG I have heard as yet.
SR90202. Price $5.95.
NAME 1
Two staples of the symphonic repertoire are DUPRE AT SAINT-SULPICE
here given rather intense, brooding perform- Marcel Dupré, organist. Mercury Stereo
ADDRESS
1
ances by Dorati. He elicits some playing of SR90228. Price $5.95. Vol. 3.
1 great precision from the Minneapolis musi- This is part of a continuing series of record-
CITY ZONE... .STATE cians, and if this is one of his best recordings ings Mercury has been making with the great
TERMS: All items subject to prior sale and change of with this orchestra ( Dorati retired from this organist Marcel Dupré and at his favorite
price without notice. All crystal orders must be accom-
panied by check, cash or M. O. with PAYMENT IN FULL. 1
post at the end of the season), he leaves a organ in Saint -Sulpice in Paris ... this time
NO COD's. Dept. R -901 fitting legacy to his successor. the music of Franck. The church is huge,
The sound is sheer magnificence, especially second only to Notre Dame and the organ is
120 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 one of the largest in Europe. There were some
formidable problems of reverb to overcome so
as to retain the churchly echoes and yet not
obscure the detail in the scores. Mercury has
succeeded brilliantly and the result is an over-
whelming experience in organ sound.
Of stereo effects there is little... the main
Cut servicing
use here is to capture the balances and reverb
properly. Dupré plays the grandiose "Grand and
Piece Symphonique," a "Fantasie" and "Pas-
torale." Needless to say the performances are
superb. with Dupre cleverly maintaining tempi installation time
which coincide with the reverb time so as not
to blur his lines. on all
All in all an outstanding find for organ
lovers. Thunderous bass for hi -fi, too.
crystal -controlled
DVORAK
SYMPHONY #2
SLAVONIC DANCES 1, 3, 7, 8 2 -way radio
Coneertgel Orchestra of Amsterdam
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In this unjustly neglected Dvorak sym-
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lumbia of Remoortel and the St. Louis Sym- Inter -clement Short Test. Easy to operate -fast! Available in metal case
with exposed panel (GCT-9 -S) or mounted in carrying case (GCT 9 -\V).
phony. As such, one might have felt that they MODELS GCT -9 -S or GCT-9 -W $ 32.95
would have given Remoortel rather different
repertoire, since the competition here is rather
fierce. Our young friend strives mightily. but
he is outgunned by Dorati in the "Three ,- SECO ELECTRONICS, INC.
Oranges" and by Markevitch in the "Scyth- NEW! 5015 Penn Ave. 5o.- Minneapolis I 9, Minn.
W.l

ian." Each has a more intuitive insight into PIGGY -BACK ADAPTER Please send free literature on all Seco Test Equipment.
the score than Remoortel seems able to sum- for tube caddies! I lace enclosed Please send - -
mon at this stage of his development. Seco -Piggy -Back" Adapters. (25a etch.)
Dcscloped by Seco to
This is mono and is a nice job of recording, sase you steps! Free NAME
although I might quibble with some of the with Seco tube teeters
or by ADDRESS
inner balances at times. It is quite clean with enclosing 25d
good dynamic and frequency range. 30- with coupon. CITY ZONE STATE

EAST CANADA: Dateci Agencies. Ltd., Montree, Quebec WEST CANADA: Ran Merritt Co., Vancol.ver I, B. C.

CONCERTS SCHEDULED
ACOUSTIC Research and Dynaco our
jointly si soring a series of "Live GET INTO RECORDING TAPE
vs Recorded" concerts during the 1960
New York High Fidelity Music Show. A Tape Recorders
pair of A11-3 speakers and Dynakit pre- ELECTRONICS
amplifier and Mark Ill amplifiers will
vie with the Fine Arts Quartet in direct
comparison tests.
The concerts will be open to the pub-
lic without charge at the New Orlean- I r,.e Gtala9.
Room of the Hotel New Yorker, acru.-
. . 1

the street f the '!'rade Show Building

where the Ili -Fi Show will be held. V.T.I. training
NORELCO
heads to a technicians.
The concert schedule is as follows: field elmineors. specialists, incommunications.
s
guided m nettes. computers. radar and11 .n
SPEAKERS
Wed. Sept. 7th, 3, 4, 8, and 9 p.nl.; t fen. Basic ami advanced c in theory a nl nn r . .,I,,sr sru\1 pmeenne.
lalnrrator,'. Associate degree in electronics in gn original l
Thurs. Sept. 8th, 6, 7, 8, and 9 p.m.; Fri. les. Iles. in eieetnle
ro en gineeng obtainable.
écau accredited. G.I. approved. Graduates in all
ri rn\kl
le
Ìv hot.
9.1. NOW. While
off
Sept. 9th, 6, 7, 8, and 9 p.m.; Sat. Sept. 4.73 ea.
n
branches of electronics with malle r mpatdes. I..nrrtr,J nratel.
.

Mart septen, twr. Pebriiev. rornptl.. ii nit

10th, 6, 7, 8, and 9 p.m.; Sun. Sept. nth.r.atianal n,eaker rrdn.-
11th, 3 and 4 p.m. Programming will VALPARAISO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Pow
bolts
n .LM.
r.eon,
:.eom lìr.t served
fir
lot .nnker
include music of Tchaikovsky, Bartok, Dept. RD Valparaiso. Indiana
COMMISSIONED ELECTRONICS CO.
and others. -3Q- 17f1 Cdtxnba Road W,.ho.,ton. D. C.

September. 1960 121

www.americanradiohistory.com
 only for those who want the ultimate

SHERWOOD - G3

again and again

"TOP RATED"
Sound on Tape
By BERT WHYTE
-and NOW AGAIN!
THAT four -track tape is now an estab- is asking for, eh? When I pointed out
lished medium is indisputable fact the commercial exigencies to him, he
and no space need be wasted in discuss- said rather wearily that he had heard
éo©®®®`v
-
ing this point. For a very large seg- all that jazz before and that didn't
alter his desires. When I emphasized
ment of the public, 4 -track tapes fill
their needs very adequately. But just the delicate point of the cost factors
Model 5 -5000, 20+20 watt "stereo'
Dual Amplifier. Preamplifier, Fair Trade Price-$189.50
as there are Fords and Chevys on the involved, he came right back with this
market and at the other end of the statement "When stereo first arrived
:

automotive scale there are Rolls Royce on the scene I was paying up to 16 and
and Bentley, so it is with recorded tape. 18 dollars for a production. It wasn't
There still is a market, bigger than perfect but it represented something
r Its
L1 !i IN
.. some people realize, for a recorded
tape medium that appeals to the audio
unique and, if you will recall, by the
time the stereo disc came along and the
Modal S200, FMAMMX Stereo tuner, perfectionist. I know a considerable bubble burst, stereo tape at these prices
Fair Trade Porte -íI79 50
number of these people and frankly had reached the proportions of a siz-
they will have none of the current able market." Then he went on, "I'II
4 -track material, or for that matter of admit that advances have been made so
most two -track stereo either. that today's tapes are equal or even
Says one friend of mine very can- superior to the older product and at a
didly, "tape quality is being sacrificed much lower price. At the same time,
on the altar of commercialism." A even with the older material we recog-
strong statement, but from his ivory nized its limitations and were looking
AMERICAN tower viewpoint he defends his position for something better.
AUDIO INSTITUTE with vigor. "I will concede that big "Nov my whole point is this .
strides have been made in the quality the art has advanced and the prices
of tape itself and in improvements in have come down . but I'm still the

October 27. 1959 head structure and in more sophisti- same guy who bought those 16-dollar
cated equalization circuits," he says, tapes and my income today is better
Sherwood Electronic Labs.. Inc.
4300 North California Avenue
"so that a speed of seven- and -a -half than it was back in 1953. I'm still
Chicago 10. Illinois
inches per second is sufficient for ex- willing to pay that kind of dough for a
Gentlemen
tended frequency response. However, stereo tape, if somebody will give me
We
of
the incorporation
rind that
center-channel
e
orporation
and I still insist that at 15 inches per sec- a tape with the quality I have asked
e factor ,elector in
dar.11 nr
July. 1959. Increases the ond, there is more snap and brilliance for and which, at these prices, should
Summary Rating of the Sherwood
S -5000 to the highest or all in the transient response." now be possible to achieve."
18 Stereo Amp:ifiers tested in
the AAI Evaluation Test Reports. My friend goes on to say that today Well, my friend certainly has a point.
Sincerely. anyone with one of the higher quality The high -priced two -channel stereo
AMERICAN AUDIO INSTITUTE tape recorders and a top quality mike, tape up to the advent of the stereo disc
can make his own live recordings had indeed become a sizable market
which, in quality, surpass anything that and, if I recall, in the boom year of
1957 sales had reached 5- million dollars
Felix R
Executive Director is commercially available. He goes on
to say that he has been fortunate a year. Now I certainly do not advo-
The Most honored of them all" enough to visit a professional recording cate a return to two -track tapes and
S -5000 stereo amplifier- preampli- studio where he heard stereo tape that higher prices per se. The stereo tape
fier is joined by the S -2200 stereo really was up to expectation. market is daily becoming much greater
tuner. As with its "Top Rated" For the first time, he related, he was than it ever was and has achieved a
predecessors, the S -2200 features able to listen to the music without the certain degree of stability which is all
FM "Interchannel Hush" plus push intrusion of various noises and effects to the good. But it would appear that,
button selector, internal plug -in due to technical limitations. "That is for some enterprising manufacturer,
adaptor for Stereo FM Multiplex, what I want," he told me, a'... a re there exists a market big enough to
2 "Acro-beam" tuning indicators,
corded tape that neither adds nor de- warrant cultivation. This is the audio
simulcast FM /AM stereo. All
tracts from the music ... with no prob- perfectionist, a man of taste with a
lems of crosstalk, with no restrictions pocketbook to indulge these tastes.
Sherwood tuners feature FM sen- as to frequency range and dynamic There are enough of these people
sitivity below 0.95 microvolts and response, and above all with signal -to- around to keep Cadillac in business,
V3% distortion @ 100% FM. noise ratio that makes tape hiss com- and the manufacturers of cabin cruis-
For further details write: Sherwood pletely inaudible, even when the tape ers, and 12- year-old Scotch as well.
Electronic Laboratories, Inc., 4300 is played at relatively high room vol- Nuff said, but before leaving this
N. California Avenue, Chicago 18, ume." And he said smiling, "since I'm dream realm of quality, I'll make a
Illinois. asking for the moon, you might as well statement I am pretty sure would be
make sure the tape you furnish is a well supported . . . if our present 4-
genuine three-channel stereo." track tapes could be made with signal -
Fcr complete specifications write Dept. Ew -9 Whew! Quite a tall order my friend to -noise ratio good enough to really
122 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 eliminate tape hiss, most people would
be willing to pay a few dollars extra
for this boon. At least that is the im-
pression I get from a lot of people who
are not what you would call out and The Perfect
out audio perfectionists, but to whom
tape hiss is the most annoying flaw in
many commercial tapes. Workshop
RAVEL Companion For
DAPHNIS AND CHLOE (e plete)
London Symphony Orehe.tra r meted The Advanced
by Pierre Monteux with ehoru. of the
Royal Opera Hou.e, Cogent Garden.
London 4-track LC1,80031. Price $7.95.
I reviewed the stereo disc version of
Audiophile
this fabulous work some time ago, and
while my comments were generally
favorable, I was unhappy with certain
aspects of the sound. Here on tape is
the most clear -cut evidence of the su-
periority of tape over disc.
THE 1961
On the other side of the coin, the
greater clarity of the tape brings out
flaws hidden in the disc. For example AUDIO YEARBOOK
the wordless chorus which accompanies
the opening section is not too well bal- Over 25 projects and features covering stereo, hi -fi,
anced against the orchestra at times,
being too submerged in the orchestral components, acoustics -every phase of audio! Ad-
texture.
All in all, however, this is a thing of vanced discussions and instructions on:
beauty, beautifully conducted and
played and with all of stereo's bright CONSTRUCTING THE BI- PHONIC COUPLER
virtues shining through. Directionality
is present but discreetly balanced and STEREO MICROPHONE TECHNIQUES
the depth effects, through expert han-
dling of the acoustics and instrumental FINDING FAULTS IN HI -FI SYSTEMS
positioning, are outstandingly realistic. WIDE SPACE STEREO
HAYDN MULTIPLEXING MUSIC ON ONE RECORDER
SYMPHONY #96 ( "Miracle ")
SYMPHONY #104 ( "London ") ROOM ACOUSTICS FOR STEREO
Vienna Philharmonic Orehe.tra con-
ducted by Karl Muchinger. London Plus many other authoritative articles
4-track Stereo LCL80017. Price $ 7.95
Two of the late symphonies of
Haydn are here afforded carefully de-
tailed, very scholarly performances by
at your newsstand or electronics parts store
On sale
Munchinger and are audibly improved September 8th or order by coupon today.
in sound from the previously released
stereo disc. audio
Yearbook ---
1961
There is nothing sensational here,
but good mike placement and intelli-
gent use of acoustics have made for
very pleasant listening ... a very clean ONLY
sound that never appears strained. The
stereo effects are all one could desire
with this type of scoring.
THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY SALT TE
51.00
The Herald Trumpeter. and Band of the
Royal Regiment of Artillery with 21 gun
-alule. Vanguard l -track \'TCI602. l'rice
$ 7.95.
This, too, is an example of tape su- Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, Dept. EW 96
periority, although not as concrete as 434 S. Wabash Avenue
the above. The stereo disc of this fas-
cinating royal panoply was one of Van- Chicago 5, Illinois
guard's greatest achievements. Even
so the thundering clatter of horses Please send me a copy of the 1961 AUDIO YEARBOOK. enclose 1

hooves and the boom of cannon have $1.00 plus 10¢ to cover mailing and handling charges. (Canada
much greater weight and impact. and Foreign $1.25 plus 100 postage.)
This was recorded outdoors in Hyde
Park and it is surprising the amount of
decay the sound has. There is little NAME
over -all directionality on this tape, but
the run by of the artillery passes very
dramatically from left to right speaker, ADDRESS_
and it is just the thing to impress new
inductees to stereo! For all Anglo- CITY- ZONE STATE
philes, a "must" recording. -3p
September, 1960 123

www.americanradiohistory.com
AUTOMATIC CONTROL UNIT
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC AUTOTUNE
RAILROADING
115 Volt 00 cycle/1110 HP
I

Capacitor type Motor with

automatic gear and rachett
assembly that enables you to
- -.- pre -set motor stops any 10
positions within 360 degrees.
Unit is geared to a two deck 12
ceramic water
that tlterminates tar plug-t in
socket. Local control panel has
channel position selector. light
dimmer control and local /re-
mote switch that enables unit to be operated local or
remote position. Part of ROZ -I Transmitter Aubdune REACTANCE SLIDE RULE dex permits immediate reference to the
Assy. Collins .0596A -1.
Sire: 9 x 4 6'-.
Shure Brothels, Inc., 222 Hartrey volume in which service material for a
X

Stork No. EW- 23441- Prit ,'. NEW:

$14,95 Ave., Evanston, Ill. has re- issued its specific make or model receiver was
handy reactance slide rule for the sim- covered.
Coaxial Cable ple calculation of resonant frequency,
capacitive reactance, and inductive
reactance.
The index is available for 25 cents a
copy, postage prepaid.
Less Than 3¢ PerlifeFoot The slide rule also solves coil "Q"
RG -54 A/U CABLE -Designed for long and con- BRIDGE RECTIFIER DATA
stant attenuation. with polyethylene jacket. 58 ohms
.250370
and dissipation factor problems that Radio R((rpi,' Company. Ina. 240
FOOT ROLL
70 FOOT ROLL
"e _ $'O cover a frequency range from 5 cps to Wythe Ave., Brooklyn 11, N. Y. has is-
RGe /U- 8 Ft. w /PL259 ea. end 10,000 mc. sued a data sheet on its new miniature
RG- 8 /U -50 Ft. w /PL -259 ea. end
The rule is priced at $1.00 and is
COAXIAL ANTENNA CHANGE-OVER RELAY: open bridge assembly, the selenium
12/24 VOC with 3 SO -239 Connectors. Mounted in obtainable direct from the company. rectifier "Flat" 155V90.
metal box 3 o 31.4 a 2" Ea.: £1.:15
Connector for Power Plug 2.110 Bulletin F-313 provides complete
MASTER TV DATA technical data, circuit and dimensional
TELEPHONES, HEADSETS, MICS., Etc.: Blonder -Tongue Laboratories. Inc., 9 diagrams. and mounting instructions
TS -9 Handset Used: $_05 New: 3.:, :, o
Ailing St., Newark 2, N. J. is currently
TS -13 Handset. w /PL55 & PL68.. U! $2.93 -N: 3.95 on this miniature unit which is rated
T -17 Microphone
EE -8 Field Telephone...Used:
New:.
$12.:45- Reeond.:
11.:1:,
16.05
offering a 24 -page book which covers 90 ma. d.c. at 155 volts r.m.s.
ItD71 Switchboard -6 Line....U: $11:95 New: 21.95 TV systems for motels. hotels, apart- A copy of the bulletin or additional
11M -29 Control Unit....New: $6.951 -W /Handset 8.95
It M52 Control Unit (Patch Found.) U: $1.95 N: 2.95 ment houses, hospitals, institutions, of- information on the firm's complete line
11-16 /U Headset -8000 ohm U. $1.95-New: 2.95
HS 33 Headset -300 ohm U: £1.9 New 7.95 fice buildings, etc. of selenium "Flats" may be obtained
Entitled "Designing and Installing from Dept. F of the company.
BC -603 $14.95 RE -NEW Master TV Systems ", the new publica-
tion is written for both lay and profes-
BC -603 FM RECEIVER
20 to 27.9 Mc ReNew: j11. -
- sional people. The manual covers dif- NEW ARROW CATALOGUE
Arrow Electronics. Inc., 65 Cortlandt
BC 604 FM TRNSMTR -20 to
27.9 MC. U: SLa', 7.,-. -ReN: ferent types of building construction, St.. New York 7, N. Y. has announced
BC -684 FM TRNSMTR -27 to
39.1 MC. U: $7.05-New: 19.9:i
the design of systems. and the installa- publication of its new 1960 -61 "Hi -Fi,
FT -237 MOUNTING for Ree.
Trans. Price Re -New: ,....
tion of cables and components. Block Stereo, and Amateur Radio" catalogue.
FT -346 MOUNTING Re- -for diagrams illustrate typical combina- The 154 -page buyer's guide to com-
ceiver only ReNew:
0M -34 DYN. 12 V f /BC -603-
4.143
tions of antennas, amplifiers, cable and ponents and systems provides full cov-
683 U: $!.95-RN: $1.95 distribution components.
DM -35 DYN. 12 V 1/BC-604-684 U: 36.95
AC POWER SUPPLY F /BC -603 -683 - 9.55
Output: 220
VDC 80 MA & 24 VAC 2 Amps. Transformer & Tube
- -RN: Master TV installation and mainte-
erage to equipment in the hi -fi, stereo,
and amateur fields. It is available with-
type. Chassis not hot. Mounts on rear Plug of BC -603-
Can he adapted to other Receivers.
nance personnel may obtain a copy of out charge direct from the distributor.
683.
Ka, -.. "' WIRED' 514.95 this publication by writing the main
sales office of the company at the above
GROUND PLANE ANTENNA INTERCHANGEABILITY GUIDE
address. The Distributor Products Division
CITIZEN- COMMERCIAL
Made from sturdy surplus Insulated Base and Screw -in of Raytheon Company has issued a
type Elements. For use in the 25 to 50 MC Bands. BELL LABS' SCIENCE FILMS
Specially cut to your operating frequency. (Specify
Bell Telephone Laboratories has pro- handbook of industrial tube inter -
Freq. when ordering.) With Adapter for $I7ga95 changeabilities.
I" pipe mounting Y duced two new sound motion pictures
for use in college science and engineer- The new guide lists some 900 tube
BC -221 FREQUENCY METER ing classes. types including miniatures, sub -
Frequency 125 to 20.000 KC Crys-
_
tal Calibration in all ranges. Can
The films, entitled "Memory Devices" miniatures, voltage regulator -voltage
be used as
VFQ.
signal generator and
Complete with original and "Similarities in Wave Behavior ", reference. radiation counter pencil,
crystal & calibration book. Volt-
age required 6 VDC rm .9 amp. were prepared under the guidance of transmitting. klystrons, industrial CR,
& 135 VDC 20 MA. Price-
Bell Labs scientists and engineers and special purpose tubes, etc.
Used-less
Modulation $19.50 are available on free loan through local Common types of tubes now installed
TS-175 FREQUENCY
ase BC221. only coverss the Bell Telephone Company offices. in industrial equipment are tabulated
Modulation -Price.
range of 05 to 1000 Mover With
Sa9.50 "Memory Devices" runs 27 minutes alongside their Raytheon direct re-
Used. Excellent: 77
and is in 16 mm. color with sound. The placement or electrical equivalent
METAL CASES ONLY -No Canvas Covers!
second film is in 16 mm. black- and -white types. The brochure also invites tech-
RECEIVERS: and runs 26'2 minutes. It features a nicians and distributors to utilize the
NAVY ARB /CRV
ARC -3 AM Rea 100 to 156 MC
46151 -190
Used: 21.:5
to 9050 KC.... U: ?IV.:15
demonstration lecture by Dr. J. N. company's engineering consulting serv-
BC- 733- Loealieer Rec. -108.3 to 110.3 MC. Used: 4'.r,
Shive. These new releases are the sev- ice to answer questions on applications
R- 23/BC453 Ree. -190 to 550 KC
R4 /ARR2 Rec.- 540 -830 KC: 230 -258 MC.RN:
Used: I1.:1-ß
enth and eighth productions in the au- and replacements.
BC-1206 Beacon Receiver -200 to 400 KC. ReN:
BC -652 Receiver -2
to 6 MC-Less Dyn Used: 19.95 dio- visual aids series on science educa- The handbook is being offered with-
BC344 Rec. -150 to 1500 NC-For AC op Used: 111.511
tion at the college and university level. out charge by all the firm's franchised
PREVIOUSLY ADVERTISED distributors.
ITEMS STILL AVAILABLE: SUPREME "MASTER INDEX"
TCK -7 TRANSMITTER -Navy TOO..
TS10B /APN TEST SET-w /r.r
New: 15.
Used:
m
., Supreme Publications, 1760 Balsam INSTRUMENTS & METERS
1.166 VOLTONMMETER .... Road, Highland Park, Ill. has an- Precision Apparatus Company, Inc.,
1

New:
1.176 VOLTOHMMETER Used:
nounced release of its 1960 "Master 70 -31 84th Street, Glendale 27, N. Y.
SEND FOR FREE CATALOG! Index" covering radio and television and its subsidiary Pace Electrical In-
Address Dept. EW All Prices F.O.B Lima. Ohm. manuals. strunients Co., Inc. have issued a com-
Minimum Order $5.00. & 25 % Deposit on all C.O.0.'s
The index serves as a reference to bined reference- catalogue covering
all material included in television man- electronic test instruments and panel
Fair 2133Radio
(LIDA
Sales ROAD uals covering the years 1948 -1960 and meters for industrial and communica-
P.O. BOX 1105 LIMA, 01140 radio volumes from 1926 -1960. The in- tions applications.
124 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 The catalogue features detailed elec-
trical and mechanical specifications
which should prove helpful to engi-
neers and designers. Copies of Cata-
logue Number 28 /Industrial are avail-
able on letterhead request only.
YOUR KEY TO A TOP -PAVING POSITION IN ELECTRONICS!
METER REPAIR FACILITIES
Ram Meter Inc., 1100 Hilton Road,
Ferndale 20, Michigan is offering a
4 -page brochure outlining its facilities
for servicing meters and instruments
of all types.
The booklet points out that the firm
is prepared to repair and calibrate me- Choose acareer in ELECTRONICS!
ters, modify standard meters. design It's wide open ...with interesting
and produce special scales, repair elec- JOBS CAREERS
1961
tronic instruments, and provide certifi- jobs for engineers, technicians, ELECTRONICS
cation service, in addition to manufac-
turing special testing and indicating technical writers. And the all -new
equipment for laboratory, production,
or military applications. 1961 edition of JOBS AND
CAREERS IN ELECTRONICS is
FILM ON TV RECEPTION
Channel Master Corporation, Ellen - your perfect guide to this big,
ville, N. Y. has produced a 4'2-minute
film on antenna replacement which it exciting field!
is offering free to TV broadcasters
throughout the country.
Narrated by Robert Trout, the film Five Giant Sections Covering:
stresses that clear pictures transmit-
ted by the stations are often weak, OPPORTUNITIES IN ELECTRONICS
fuzzy, or snowy on the home set be- Where are the jobs in electronics today? This section pinpoints the best
cause of poor antenna installations. The
film shows how proper antenna instal- areas in the country in which to look for a job!
lation can make a tremendous differ-
ence in the quality of reception. CASE HISTORIES OF CAREERS IN ELECTRONICS
Prints of the film are available What kind of jobs are available in electronics? Here are 11 ac:ounts of
through the company's advertising de-
partment.
people at work in various branches of electronics!

HOW TO PLAN A CAREER IN ELECTRONICS

TWO-WAY RADIO DATA
The Communication
partment. General Electric Company,
Products De- How do you start out in electronics? This section is devoted to training
includes information on the military, correspendence schools, courses to
-
P. O. Box 4197, Lynchburg, Va. is offer-
ing a new 24 -page bulletin covering study, much more!
communication equipment available for
businesses. TESTING YOUR ELECTRONICS APTITUDE
Designated as Bulletin ECR-497B, Do you qualify for an electronics career? This special testing section gives
the publication describes frequency al-
locations and the various combinations you an accurate picture of your ability to qualify for a technical job.
of two -way radio possible in each fre-
quency. Also shown is the difference SPARE TIME ELECTRONICS
between tubed and transistorized Want to earn money in your spare time? Here's a rundown on spare time
equipment. The publication carries sec- radio repair, complete with a listing of the tube types you'll need.
tions covering amplifiers, portable
hand -carried two -way units, desk-type
Buy your copy at your favorite newsstand or electronics parts store -or
base stations, floor- mounted units. se-
lective- calling, antennas, microphones, order by handy coupon below.
remote control, and pocket voice-mes-
sage recei\ er,. 46_
On sale September 6th - Only $1.00
HAM CLUB TO MEET
THE Minna. Radio Club of Finilla.,
'Ohio. W81, will hold its annual ham -
r Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
fra on Sunda.. September II, al the Department EW 96
Finilla. ltiser.ide Park. F: 'lien are in- 434 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago 5, Illinois
Red.
Please send me a copy of the 1961 JOBS AND CAREERS IN ELECTRONICS.
There will be a ham equi) nt and enclose $1.00, the cost of JOBS AND CAREERS IN ELECTRONICS, plus 104
ladies' handierafl .wap .hop as well as I

two I;Imae :11 -68 multi -band bile to cover mailing and handling charges. (Canada and Foreign, $1.25 plus 104
tran. t ::. d prize.. Other prizes
will be awarded. Mobile talk -in will be
postage.)
on 3812 ke. NAME
ids met registra ' '. $1.00 per Lim-
it. or $ 1.50 at the park. Tickets and in- ADDRESS
format' are available fr Paul A.
Chapin, I, Ii FI) 5. Findlay, Ohio. CITY ZONE STATE
30--
September, 1960
125

www.americanradiohistory.com
 ment of any other r.f. amplifier. How-
....Aezu Q-, ! Cascode Circuits ever, cascodes do have some uncom-
mon features. The most obvious is the
B ....8cccq x1
(Cou timid) from page 67)
so- called neutralizing coil. In many TV

Ce AIRCRAFT
er. iul
.. C06211661:0,
A 2 -METER RECEIVER SPECIAL
"'1 :,l \IIC. I,.
ply voltages. None of these are wide-
spread (with the possible exception of
the input- circuit change) and in no
tuners, this coil is non -adjustable; in
other cascode amplifiers, it can be ad-
justed. Two techniques are applicable.
To follow the most accurate method.
disconnect the tube's filament and turn
:
'fund-
:;nm .I. d..1
I,. 11, 2 III- uop,I:la r. n.1
nl,
1 I .I case will they affect the basic theory
,,,,..
11...
11lor
Bi.l r..nd ` $29,95 of operation, maintenance. or repair. on the set. Apply a strong input signal.
RECEIVER -TRANSMITTER COMBO' and connect a v.t.v.m. across the video
-

LINK NICK BAND TRANSMITTER: i

Cascode Troubleshooting detector, first limiter, or second -de-

519,95 Several possible troubles are unique tector load resistor, depending on the
to the cascode circuit, and some of type of receiver. Adjust the coil (L. in
L i'i ,i
S19.95
ç29 .9S
them can prove extremely difficult to
pinpoint. They may be caused by tube
Figs. 1 and 3) for minimum signal. Re-
connect the filament.
With a series -filament circuit, this
'

S U.H.F. MOBILE! RECEIVER failure, by defective parts, or by

1

. I,I,
rh
II ml)
1

II
.II,
u,
1

",'$19,95 misadjustment. As in most electronic procedure is impractical. In this case,

simply adjust L. for minimum noise
1

itl, n,.trr11,.n hook. hill) circuits, many cascode problems are

I SI

:-ar. I.iM u ,.. N

EE-B FIELD TELEPHONE
:....sill,, up U, 10 nu lr. . 1111 a of _ caused by tube failure. The most com- while tuned to a weak or attenuated
III II. -IN Il1N, :Fll! 'N,.,ks 'like a
' 'ii:,- :lil:l :l I,allr :;,. 4 :xeeuel'l'
- I '

mon tube defect is a second -stage signal near the upper frequency limit
' 522.-.:1. :tell
10n-
20 W. MODULATION ctually
I
$12,50 1,

a dues heater -cathode short, caused by the of the amplifier. Then check carefully
to make certain the amplifier does not
:

n
:l
forua
Actually
I ,) 'Ill 57 95.
lip to ]O W.
95c
high potential between the heater and
^
,
-208 FM SIGNAL GENERATOR this cathode. with plate- cathode shorts oscillate at any point in its operating
l
I

.NIP I.0 -.1.3 .Ie. I1u0, -in 110 V %I'

,. dynamotor. EAce11o11I in the second stage running a close range.
$49.50 second. After replacing a tube with a For weak- signal use, the cascode
FILTER CHOKE
:..5 i.,
ILO n,iuin1m,5.
n. 10 for $701
.
v.
plate-cathode short. be sure to check circuit can be improved by adjustment
95c of grid bias. This is done by substi-
o VAC P oWFR SUPPLY for BC -603 SC.653 for cooked resistors and coils.
" kit form 7.49
.. ....olio-. PHAN', NKN'.$9.95
.

One of the most puzzling cascode tuting a resistor of different value in

CITIZENS BAND SPECIALS!
Br n20 TRANSCEIVER: .1:oh spare luh,c. nor t. defects is oscillation. It may result place of the first -stage cathode resistor.
in either a blank. white raster or a (This is RI in Figs. 1 to 4; also in Fig.
-
I. Inehuk-. r i2 C. ppl.-.
$' 9.95
"P,.

Clllz,nc
P,nver

.Ì1. "R.'
5A). Since optimum bias for least noise
n,ler
Fn.l.:
:.:, Mc. Thu, n..
Acr...'.,.... ,'..
,
. ..
blacked -out screen when it occurs in a
1T HANDSET: n :,l 67
).5 3.95 TV set. In an FM tuner. oscillation can varies from tube to tube, the proper
N POWER Porn 1 h:
22.50 produce either squeals or no sound at value of resistor to use is determined
T 1T ONL 3.95
3.95 all. In an AM receiver, the most usual by disconnecting R1 and putting in its
BC-60-1 TRANSMITTER effect is a loud hiss or buzz -saw noise, place a length of shielded cable con-
OM 0. 1171,4A 11,017 ,'.h̡51.95
It with signals receivable from only the nected to a 250 -ohm composition po-
strongest stations, and then accom- tentiometer, as in Fig. 5B. Don't use a
VRC.7 FM TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER COMBO!
panied by a "siren wail." wire-wound unit; its inductance will
'1Ia1u1.
ea
S39.95
Frequently. oscillation is caused by produce unusable results.
With the potentiometer set for maxi-
misadjustment of the neutralizing coil
ALL PURPOSE ARES COMMUNICATION RECEIVER
1:0111 111. ,Ii (L4 in Figs. 1 and 3). While this coil mum resistance, tune in a weak signal
home, mobil, r

S 1.50 cannot present oscillation, it may cause and adjust the potentiometer for best
reception. Then, without disturbing
1

CONTROL BO% 6 PLUGS: F. ,r A 95 :. i ..

it by increasing circuit gain past the
Mr. 11,
11
APR-I RECEIVER SPECIALS!
524 SO point of stability. In other cases, os- the adjustment, disconnect the potenti-
Plug-In Unit s For Ahoy,.
TN -1: 3H-n0 M:. .554.95 COMBO DEAL! cillation may result from a defective ometer and measure the resistance
TN:-2 0 -:11in Ste. 14.95 Apr -I Itee,!V,r 1I.l-.v
used. Wire in a fixed resistor of equal
TN- 3:.1011.1000 Me 14.95 TN -1, TV _, TV -: t.. grid bypass capacitor (C. in Figs. 1 and
APR -4 TUNERS -WILL WORK WITH ABOVE SRECSR
TN -16: :114.011 .1,. $14.95 4; C. in Fig. 3). If this component value.
TN -17: 1111-:11111 .Ie 14.95
TN- 115 :m11.11,UI) .Ir COMBO DEAL! should open up for any reason, it places Let's Look at Tubes
19.95 tN -In, '1:V -I T."Ies.o0
:

TN-19: vulo3an11 .Ic 1N. n, $95.00 the second -stage grid above r.f. ground,
9.95
removing the low- impedance load from The original Wallman cascode cir-
SCR -625
MINE DETECTOR BARGAIN
.orate that hidden pI't'. metal, 11 - nn 1.U.: $22,50 the first stage and so producing oscil- cuit. as noted, used a triode -connected
L''.e' 11,,' pall.! 111111 ,:.e. :Sevllanl
ART -13 XMTR: Model T -47. F'iv:I.: 2-Iii lation. 6AK5 and a 6J6, but present -day cas-
Vr. ESCel lent. Only JS34,50
Y Lead dress may also cause oscilla- code amplifiers use tubes designed es-
APT -1 TRANSMITTER: 11,0-_1,0 .Ic. lu is
..luaml; $ :1_.1 darer, $z!,1, tillai m 59,95 tion. At the frequencies involved in TV pecially for this type of service. More
than a dozen special twin -triodes have
:

'pluu., 11th.. Ncn cowl

and FM broadcasting, a difference of
VHF SPECIALS!
R -19, TRC RECEIVER a fraction of an inch in wire spacing been developed for cascode use; most
00 .1e. Cq -.I.
ulilt.in
_' I.
10
"PEI coivc
VAC UO cllic.
nn.
may mean the difference between per- of these tubes are plug-in replace-
I.
.,lak.ip
, fect operation and wild oscillation ments for each other, more or less,
F:S
$nI"
24.50 caused by accidental feedback. A safe since nearly all of them have the same
l,,.T
T.1.1 TAC TRANSMITTER
11t Du, ID aclonl MPs month! rule when working under the chassis base connections and require similar
ill 11 on phone. Single
n11 'cps pan er nnppi).
I
I r

of a cascode circuit is always to return operating voltages.

Talent
1In
every lead and part to its original However, indiscriminate tube substi-
COMSÓ DEAL! 1. -,;,l d). $39.50 position. tutions are never recommended. Be-
BC -375 loo W. TRANSMITTER Failure of a resistor in the grid- fore switching to another tube type, be
weal for domestic u
and mobile! Fre9.: '.
.;I as export marine
Fe. null prvgmt clamped cascode (R: or R. in Fig. 3) sure you know what you intend to ac-
,:
1

ng u (SS IA
11,Iil
Ow.
1111)'. ....,.514.95 will prevent the circuit from operating. complish. The most frequent reasons
A[OVE,"hu
P5-73
R...1 ,
PE -T3 DYNAMOTOR FOR ABOVE: ti:p:11 _
Output, .U0Ú V.
;94.9
., tiller $4.95
1

These resistors can be checked most for switching tubes are to achieve
311U lnlln.
: 06
ANTENNA TUNER for above R: easily by measuring the second -stage higher gain and to escape cross -modu-
set.l.
TUNING. UNITS TO COVER ABOVE iREgS:
. . . 5I.95
-: grid-cathode voltage. If the grid is be- lation effects.
..,
PSrel.
Tl' -7, Tl' -N. ,
$1.95
'11'1

tween .5 and 1.5 volts negative with re- Interchangeable cascode tubes and
F:::.
RACKS: For 1111V ifuMaw F:ueh 'n;Ir
RACKS: For m, ..r nh ro. Fatrñ
$0.50
1.50 spect to the cathode (with no input special features of each type are listed
BCr -191 TRANSMITTER signal) the resistor network is satis- in Table 2. When making substitutions
.lore RC:173 hue uses 12 u $24.95 on a set using series -string filaments,
íD-77
a'I IO VAC honer supply. Like n
for 1111' I01, Vo9, factory. Any other reading suggests a
h.os, d
12 V. POWER SUPPLY:
$12.95 defective resistor. be sure that the new tube chosen has
All orders FOR Los Angeles. e deposit
All :terns subject to prior sale. NOTE
'
the same heater voltage and current
MIN1mUM OR OCR RA MI WRITE TO DEPT. R. Adjusting the Circuit ratings as the old one. Series-string ver-
ELECTRONICS Basic alignment of the cascode cir- sions exist for most of the 6 -volt proto-
C5i4cnc6llt- 2251 W. WASHINGTON BLVD.
CALIF. cuit is not very different from align- types listed. -30-
LOS ANGELES 18,

ELECTRONICS WORLD
126
 K. C. Licensing Killed OVER 1000 SOLD THE 1st MONTH - Not one returned to date!
Circjit Court in Jackson RADIO -TV PARTS by the Pound
S' 500.1000 pcs per pound
County, Mo., invalidates
ordinance on TV service.
P" 5'h
BUY 4*
FREE
J ONE POUND Precision Resistors
ONE POUND Dise Condensers
ONE POUND Ceramic Condensers
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Worth $100,
Worth $50.
NOW
NOW
00
Worth $85,
ONE OF the few municipalities in this )'lease n ONE POUND Discs and Ceramics.. Worth $75,
.

per I
NOW
NOW
ONE POUND Discs, Ceramics, Precisions Worth $70,
.

country to have passed local legis- usted below

lowed with the. . A ONE POUND Carbon Resistors Worth $60. pound I
NOW
NOW
lation licensing and regulating the chase! _]ONE POUND "Tiny" Paper Condensers. Worth $60, NOW
activities of electronic service profes- 3 TRANSTR RECT'F'RS
sionals, Kansas City, Mo., has seen the p- s 1,.,,....., .h..o:o,.d tor
I..
50 -PC, COBALT MAGNET
ordinance declared illegal before it was
i.
/10114, 16"! I. wave.990
lugs in.
ly
'1Ih111411 e
R Lri
r.,..
POLY PAK
J,TF
put into force. This development was 4 TRANS'TR For 450
OSC. COILS
2 500 MIL RECTIFIERS
the result of action by The Electronic ale; found trans. 990 tan
Mini. s 994 990 .
4 PILOT LITES
Association of Missouri (TEAM), a LIAssemblies with I:_' PRICES SMASHED 4 SELENIUM RECTIFIERS
DC w.
Jewel. 0:111
group opposed to licensing, which ha)', bulbs, :r,Nlyte.99 JI outs.
I

,
.

Worth $3.50 Nirlv99t

sought to stop enforcement by seeking f13 TRANSISTOR TO SMITHEREENS
1

CHOKES TRANSTR RADIO BASIC

or making mini n- t .f,Sicl11 1
injunctive relief. LJ power " supplies. .I 'k.. d 111,10.99e
leads. Worth'$f 999
Other service professionals. princi- frame.
pally those affiliated with Television
S30 PR. CKT SURPRISE
Includes printed Cire_
transformer. chokes, re-t 50 PRECISION RES'T'RS
i l.nc

80
0
Service Engineers in the same city. had Imsistors, B NEON INDICATORS

endorsed the voided bill. There is evi- worth

a°.id "tran.f,
$15.1
sockets.
alnne99 for LiFur
hay.
\'A. C: mini.
pes. 99¢ 1

la10
40 TINIEST RESISTORS 99c each 100 1/2-WATT RES'T'RS
dence that proponents of service licens- Only 4 /10" lung: with Aaa hit
long axial leads, For 99¢
ing will work for the early passage of coded, tar xkts,
World's smallest'
odor'.
10 INSTRUMENT KNOBS
S MICRO. SWITCHES 1ol nier 1,51,.... !lack.
a substitute ordinance whose provi-
sions will overcome the court's ob- vltra..e:
jections.
The decision to void was made by the
$1.0ÁC.
Rlar
electric ckt.,
e.
:.ill \.e. r."
larms, i.,,,
el'kT. \5orth99
15 ACADC LINE CORDS
2.conduetor. x ah Mold-
le F
FREE! Any Poly Pak
Listed Below
Free With Every
510 Order!
screws.
8'PC.
Ae
n

Plastic hamac. :I la
ruycase. 7 la
Worth
5
IVER SET
eí994

ldriver. .
1

ed Plugs, ruhher99/ 99 POLY PAK HEADLINERS 35 POWER RESISTORS

Honorable Tom J. Stubbs on July 7, insulated. lengths. f r,l 2000.onn, PHONE. cnl n
AL PHONE. cool A id Asst. 5
J 000 ,.hm.. Vilrennaeea
50W to 10.- 111
$30 RELAY SURPRISE
1960, in Division 5 of the Circuit Court CRYSTAL RADIO SET 100. North $12. k
I

ulnr loth am1990 Riles

'h!: 1O.3.sec. TIM'S DEVICES
of Jackson County, Missouri, at Kan-
f
20 TRANSISTOR DISCS
0 ASST SILVER MICAS
50 ASST DISC CONOENSEI,S
99C 70 MICA CONDENSERS
Inc): silvan. to,,: 00025
Condensers. inch: .02. 5 1534 CRYSTAL DIODES
99e to (10Ó5.99i
ILIlJi'

sas City. While the jurist was of the In 100V. .03 4 .05 mod.
Worth 2 5e ea.994
30 PANEL LITE BULBS
E`
HOBBY RANSISTORS
LBS 99e Worth $.01
99e
opinion that the Council of Kansas CRYSTAL MIKE
n IS POLY" BOXES
C 12$ CERAMIC CONDENSERS
3
99c 1
10 ELECTROLYTICSs+
Inch can 4 paper types.
City does indeed have the charter au- ois. Worth $2.115.
unrl
W
C 12 GERMANIUM DIODES
SIL DIODES 1521. 152'2 7
Duals too,' Tu 1000
mod to 450V. Worth $12.999
994
C'
99e
thority to adopt an ordinance regulat- 4 TRANSITRON DIODES IS ROTARY SWITCHES
S15Rad'ation DETECTORS s'
as 99C
99C
BO TUBULARS
',Pers.
ing the service of television equipment. L.-I lead.. For long i.hl
stator .r m' c°',)'994
125 ASST. RESISTORS 99e
10 0 ! Ñoh Ú Sto íl. 999
he felt that the definition of television crdan 10 PANEL SWITCHES
Asat. m:¢rnc, 1'.wer. en-
"POLY" WIRE PAK 40 TUBE SOCKETS
4 tu 12 prom,
Fxe. st
As. t eolors. t1-2,'. ft
service in the particular ordinance was 2 PNP TRANSISTORS tart Iyma.
99 litro rn0s: LJ filled Mid a mini
1daIle ti
i
variety. North $10. IS
D24. 115or01 ë1.994 types. Worth $8. F
too broad. 300 -FT. HOOKUP WIRE 60 RESISTOR SPECIAL
Caro on R, em5cistuna, 40 TRANSTR RES'TRS 4 AC DC CHOKES
Power radio types: to
He added, "I think the ordinance is mv, 1H. ha,. North orthln,., Asst. ,gs. 1/5
r,ung. " c, dnr
m.
frame tyl,es.IWorth $10"994
:1

bad for a further reason where. in 60 RADIO 'N' TV.iae..99Q KNOBS `s'Iü.
a

10 VOLUME CONTROLS
994 e'de,l. Norm se.
SOLDERING IRON
999 50 -FT. 'ZIP' tCORD
Section 39.1087 of the ordinance, in .halo.:.. NI .Mn1. II, me-, \'nN C .
FHr pkr. rx
UC 2 -wmd Wmallel -990
1p5
11C/
1500 PCS. HARDWARE h sail h. K,",'0inn4 a 5(: 1i ho, 9 Worth $3.
paragraphs (a) and (c), the Board of Nut' 'silts.
variety. Hand
etc.:
rp9t
9Ide a1á1 noli. Worth S. 80 TERMINAI. STRIPS
9Iy

Examiners are directed to take into 30sl.MOLDED CONDENSERS 4 I.F. 450

TRANSFORMERS
Tranrisl,.r'rkts990
20 -PC. TWIST DRILL SET
r, Fno.
In r:,
ali
10 thin
to II) p 111
y type 0199
1 .
I tie Is. t A

Wort; $5. ¢
account the character and reputation ua hs,: laslx n.r
Ìife, Nbrth SN, 99 N'urlh 5:1.
70 COILS & CHOKES
.n,)'°

of the applicant for a license and, as I

construe the ordinance, may refus^ to
40 2 -WATT
Inel:
Saluaa.
RESISTORS
Inn, Á5a1.994 l'
80 PLUGS JL RECEPT'LS
inch: er. audio. hid.
eey. o "worth SR.
994
24 ARTISTS BRUSHES
tan ",
é
",r.
$23 SURPRISE PAKI
9
nt.
asst) Worth $ïá.,H
70 1 -WATT RESISTORS
une IiL'
x'99¢
Slh

IL. & XTAL DIODES STAMP CH'CK'R variety

recommend an applicant for a license if 4N21,w,'iñ4ilti.1C994 ¡"1 Il`attery-olralal.
a ('heck. a,Iio,.T\'. t.Y99é 1 1.11. 0,.
recixh,A,. oh

les, tempa. Parta. 99¢ 1

the Board concludes his character is 4 OUTPUT TRANSF'RS

n Mm+h
N" Bs. 999
eteLJ
6 SPOOLS OF SOLDER 60 CONDENSER SPECIAL
such that he shouldn't have a license."
On the subject of whether or not the
,.Ol.fl, le.
tyres. e\\"rlh
6 11SVAC SWITCHES
Panel!
o

Toggle
Ptn (molee
$8. 99¢ IO RFA PLUG 6 JACK SETS
amPs.
r nl..rs. ..l:lm.r, 9W
13-IN-1 PAK
er Ihmd), .Ì11a, leak. 994
4 CBS SEMI- CONO'TRS
silicon .h9
94

9
U Inch
n ideas.
discs.
I$,' etc. Worthr'512.
Lapera.
999
.

city has the police power to impose Ll 'l'eT. UPUT, F.tr

A shop m11s1,
Ivrr
99¢ Ui Itx; M,n, W.11V,
nreEiai,m, MA/ resistor,:
1552A
SPRAGUE
le.. Reg.
40.40
118E
-40 MFD e TRANSISTOR RADIO
such a regulation as a measure of pre- 70 INSULATED
vention of fraud, Judge Stubbs said, ,RC. ,ulen RES'TRS n,:,,u,.\
'0nP'
`.aner. mra
llnie,
,et;94
,ket: rollnN'm'th ..M.
IJed. 1 E

rl Eli r,1 450WVtw I"rk. elv'

,
KIT! Saale 20 l'es. Incl.
;n"s, .Sc. 0011. ar fond.
.'mckPole makeCS
IW. 1,0,9 ohms to I m - °nstruC -" 'ä`S5.88
3 FERRITE LOOPSTICKS 1IY 'placco.
"No, you are going too far now; there 1E15. a h,n, Narh994 e
;úñ k.1.e\5,:;-thB';999 stock, Reg Y lions
994 a_

are many laws in Missouri, state laws MINIMUM ORDER $2.00-Avg. wt. Ih. per pak 1
and city ordinances both, by which HOW TO ORDERI eneek uem,. Return ad c ek or
133 Everett Ave.
(
MO
LEKTRON
-

criminal conduct is punishable." mClud,ng uNiC,ent

returned. c.o.D. oraer. zso'p dawn: .ated.nel 30
ostage: CHELSEA 50, MASS.

The justice's decision was based on days. rint name, address WITH POSTAL ZONE 'n mar9,n.
specific provisions in the voided bill
rather than on the principle of licens-
ing itself. Since this left the path open
for the introduction of new licensing
legislation, the Kansas City Times was Learn at Home to Fix
HIGHLY PROFITABLE
already reporting two days later, July T V TUBE REBUILDING
9, that an alternate television service
ordinance had been introduced in the APPLIANCES
Taster Fumish.d -No Extra Charge.
is a solid substantial business yielding
City Council, National Radio Institute trains you
profits up to 501, for local operator.
at home. Every service customer is Small plants succeed -big plants fold.
With members of the Council appar- worth more when you can fix his Windsor Machinery and training
ently in favor of some kind of service electrical appliances. Mail coupon makes the difference. Your area may
licensing, it is too early to say whether f for Lesson and Catalog. be available for franchise. Requires
the court's action does or does not Nallonal Radio Inst., Dap,. EJO Washington 16, D.C., $3,000. Annual volume possible of 50M
Please eend me Electrical Appliance Sample Lesson and to 75M. Write:
mean an end to such legislation in this I Catalog FREE (No salesman will call).
city. TEAM officials have expressed I Name- Age. WINDSOR ELECTRONICS
their intention of keeping on top of I Address GLEN ELLYN, ILLINOIS
alternate proposals with an eye to city Zone State OR PHONE HOPKINS 9-8210
blocking them. _R1- I
L ACCREDITED MEMICI NATIONAL HOME STUDY COUNCIL

September, 1960 127

how often
could you
have used...
FOR THE TECHNICIAN are based on actual cases and are in-
"SERVICING VIDEO SYSTEMS" by Jesse H. dexed for easy reference.
Dines. Published by Howard W. Sams "SERVICING TRANSISTOR RADIOS" by
& Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. 224 Sams Engineering Staff. Published by
pages. Price $3.95. Soft cover. Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., Indian-
This is a comprehensive discussion apolis, Ind. 160 pages. Price $2.95.
of TV video systems, from the mixer to Soft cover. Vol. 5.
the picture tube, detailing a wealth of Like its four predecessors in this
information, including servicing hints, series, the present volume contains a
that will be used by the service tech- collection of "Photofact" folders cover-
nician. The book is amply illustrated ing technical and physical features of
with diagrams and photos. 52 domestic and foreign transistor ra-
dios produced during 1958 and 1959. A
"101 MORE WAYS TO USE YOUR SCOPE special section covers alignment, meas-
IN TV" by Robert G. Middleton. Pub- urements, and troubleshooting hints.
lished by Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.,
Handy as an extra Indianapolis, Ind. 160 pages. Price "AUTO RADIO MANUAL" by Sams Engi-
$2.50. Soft cover. neering Staff. Published by Howard
hand or helper. The author, a well -known writer on W. Sams & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind.
Clamps lightly TV technology and servicing, here de- 160 pages. Price $2.95. Soft cover.
tails an impressive series of tests Vol. 10.
or tightly ... for through various parts and stages of TV This is the latest in the series of
moments or minutes . receivers by using an oscilloscope. bound volumes of "Photofact" folders
Equipment needed, connections to covering auto radios. Thirty-one mod-
make, and thorough explanations of els produced in 1958 and 1959 are cov-
tests are covered. Photos of scope ered. Schematics, detailed photos, and
traces are included. parts lists are included.
"2 -WAY MOBILE RADIO HANDBOOK" by THEORY AND FUNDAMENTALS
Jack Helmi. Published by Howard W. "ELECTRONICS FOR THE BEGINNER" by
Sams & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. J. A. Stanley. Published by Howard W.
208 pages. Price $3.95. Soft cover. Sams & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind.
Equipment, basic circuits, and serv- 192 pages. Price $3.95.
icing of mobile radios are treated in Simply written and clearly illus-
ten clearly written and profusely illus- trated, this volume is intended for the
trated chapters. The author takes the absolute novice with no previous elec-
reader from the microphone to the tronic training. Some theory is cov-
speaker and back, touching on all im- ered, but the book "teaches" its lessons
portant points between. mainly by a series of interesting and
low-cost construction projects for the
"HANDBOOK OF TV TROUBLES" by Sol beginner.
slim, serrated jaws Heller. Published by Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, Inc., N.Y. 302 pages. "BASICS OF INDUCTION HEATING" by
Outreaches, out -holds needle -nose pliers. Hardly
Price $5.95. Chester A. Tudbury. Published by
a spot too small for it. Approx. 6" long. Dozens
The bulk of this volume is devoted John F'. Rider Publisher Inc., N.Y. Vol.
to picture troubles, with one chapter 1, 140 pages; Vol. 2, 144 pages. Price
of uses: Holds and positions wires for soldering
... retrieves small parts from inaccessible places on sound troubles and a final one cov- $3.90 per volume. Soft covers. Vols.
... it's a heat sink. Two-position snap -lock won't ering TV interference problems. All i & 2. Also available in single volume,
slip, yet releases with a twist of the fingers. All possible causes of troubles are care- hard cover.
stainless steel - precision machined and tem- fully examined, with hints for correct- Aimed at readers who are familiar
pered for smooth action and years of service. ing them supplied. Schematic dia- with electrical fundamentals, these
grams and photographs of troubled TV two volumes explain the electrical and
screens enhance the book's usefulness thermal aspects of induction heating as
Models: No. 43H curved nose and No. 42H to the service technician. well as the mechanical problems asso-
-
2

straight Ask your distributor to show ciated with fixturing. Lively drawings
you Xcelite Seizers today. "VIDEO SPEED SERVICING"by Samuel L. help clarify points in the text.
Marshall. Published by Howard W.
Sams & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. "INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND CON-
160 pages. Price $2.95. Soft cover. TROL" by Royce Gerald Kloeffier. Pub-
Vol. 4. lished by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y.
This is the fourth in a series of 540 pages. Price $10.00.
volumes that present hundreds of Of primary interest to engineers or
practical troubleshooting hints, each engineering students, this volume ap-
accompanied by a diagram or partial proaches its subject through solid -state
e
schematic, for solving troubles in spe- theory rather than by way of vacuum
XCELITE, INC. O'CHARD PARK, N. Y. cific makes and models of TV receivers. and gaseous tubes. The discussion is
Canada: Charles W. Pointon, Ltd., Toronto, Ont. The problems and solutions presented not based on heavy mathematical ex-
ELECTRONICS WORLD
128
planations but does presume previous
training in electronics or physics.
"APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS"
Bernard Grob and Milton S. Kiver.
by WE TRADE HIGHER!
Published by McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Inc., N.Y. 628 pages. Price $7.00.
Circuits and equipment are described
for all modern applications of electron-
ics. The approach of the authors is
suited to the technician who has mas-
tered fundamentals. The use of mathe-
matics is kept to a minimum.
"ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS AND AP-
PLICATIONS" by John D. Ryder. Pub-
lished by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Engle-
wood Cliffs, N.J. 721 pages. Price
$13.35.
This is the second edition of a text-
book for the serious, advanced student,
or technician, updated to include new
material on recent solid -state devices.
The discussion is quantitative, and re-
lies heavily on advanced math.

"BASIC ULTRASONICS" by Cyrus Glick -

stein. Published by John F. Rider Pub-
lisher, Inc., N.Y. 144 pages. Price
$3.50. Soft cover.
Here is a simple and basic introduc-
tion to this field. Topics covered in- tiowdood,. p.
clude: theory of ultrasonic waves, their I'm lack S., head eevaluator of trade -ins at the Walter Ashe
Radio Co. Now, I don't eevaluate heads! So don't go sendin'
generation, design of equipment, appli- in no shrunken, head -hunters handiwork, 'spectin' cash al-
cations, biological and chemical effects, lowance on new merchandise. What I mean is . . I'm in .

cameras and instrumentation. Impor- charge of the Dept.

The picture shows me getting down to the office bright and
tant points are highlighted with simple early . well, early! My chauffeur drives me down in a
drawings. long white limousine, with an assistant chauffeur at his side.
is
They both help me off with my coat a little tricky .

and stand at attention while I eevaluate old store -

"FUNDAMENTALS OF SEMI- CONDUCTORS" bought eelectronic stuff people want to trade in on fine new
merchandise. ( Nothin' older than 1945)
by M. G. Scroggie. Published by The Boss says I'm doin' a bang -up job! My department took
Gernsback Library, Inc., N.Y. 160 a whoppin' loss last month
wants it. He fired my predesse
......
which is the way the Boss
predicess predasess ...
pages. Price $2.95. Soft cover. the guy what had the job before me for showing a
This book is a practical discussion of $1.89 profit in a three month period. Heck my salary alone
loses him that much in a day's time! He says I got real job
the theory and types of semiconduc- security if I can stay as moronic as I am!
tors. It covers transistors, rectifiers, Write when you get work, or when you
decide to trade!
photoelectric devices, thermistors, var -
istors, masers, and mavars. Written in
simple, straightforward style, the vol-
ume is illustrated with drawings and qa
photos.
DO YOU HAVE OUR NEW CATALOG? ITS FREE!
"DIGITAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLES" by All ,r.... I. a. b. S,. Letn . Phone Cae.,n., 1.1175

Wayne C. Irwin. Published by D. Van WALTER S,.E RADIO COMPASS' OUR 38TH YEAR
Ah
P..e S,re,
Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, N.J. 321 1125
Rosh S.ro .e
S,. Loin.,
i.,Ae.i.,
Mo.
n,. e...
pages. Price $8.00.
This introduction to the subject is RADIO CO.
aimed at students and industrial per- 1125 PINE ST. ST. LOUIS I, MO.
sonnel without previous specific train-
ing. It includes a basic discussion of
computation methods and then gradu-
ally develops the topics essential to the
use of digital computers.
TWO GALVANOMETERS -Teat Lead..
"ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, ENERGY,AND ENGINEERING DEGREE IN
3"
Multiplier Switch in hinged carrying case.
FORCES" by Robert M. Fano, Lan Jen
Chu, and Richard B. Adler. Published
SCIENCE ü 127or36MOS.
C.E. Servo Testmeter.
BRAND NEW S0.95

by John Wiley ct Sons, Inc., N.Y. 520 MATH X-RAND POWER LEVEL TEST SET, TS-
36/AP. BRAND NEW. in original packing .

pages. Price $12.00. with accessories. Measures 10 to 30 dbnl.

8700 -9500 mc. (Act'. cost $477.00).
This book develops electromagnetic ONLY $14.95
theory and discusses the relation be- Accelerated year -round program prepare for e rl employ-
METER-3 ^-O -S Ma. 270° indication.
tween circuit theory and field theory. ment In fields of Science and Engineering. Regular 9 -year By -Pass Shunt and ádd scale. Excellent
program for 13.5. Degree completed in .313 m nil s. special condition. $1.29
Based on work at the Massachusetts engineering degree program in 27. Classes start nuarterly TELEGRAPH KEY -J 4 7. New $1.29
-September. January. March- June. Quality duration.
Institute of Technology, it is developed Graduates employed from coast to coast. Gover ment ap- ART-13 TRANSMITTER with tubes and
in successive steps from the Lorentz proved for veteran training. Students Irmo 50 states. 40 meters $29.95
countries. 20 buildings; dorms. gym. Campus. save time
force, the integral form of Maxwell's and money. Earn board while studying. Write for catalog Send M.O. or check with order
and complete information. Write for Bargain Flyer
equations in free space, and suitable 990 E. Washington Bled.. Fort Wayne 2, Indiana

macroscopic models of polarized and R W ELECTRONICS

INDIANA TECHNICAL COLLEGE 2430 S. MICHIGAN AVE. DEPT. N
magnetized matter. Phone: CAlumet 5.1281 Chicago 16. III.
September, 1960 129

www.americanradiohistory.com
 27 MC citizens band Electronic pH Measurement New
ONCE IN A LIFE
spare parts purchased from one of the
TIME SALE!
(Continued front page 46) largest PROFESSIONAL TAPE RECORDER Mane -
fact Complete termination of materials
c52 !

for new manufactured products or spare parts

for operating equipment.
and will give greater accuracy in serv- STOCKS LIMITED
ice. Shipments. will M de in order of receipt
The calomel electrode, having a
WONDERODS small asbestos fiber connecting the out-
DRIVE MOTORS
BODINE NCI -33 inductio
drive motor. 115 v. 60 cy,
The Duality Line of Antennas side solution being tested with the KC1 ..15A, 5.10/1080 RPM. 4s4'
dia by 5, _" long. Rear shaft:
The Company that sets the stand- IFig. 5) will come protected by a rub- " long. Front shaft: _rr
long and ground for 7 b'_ and
1
s

ard in fishing equipment now ber cap, which must of course be re- 15 ins 517.80
sets the standard in quality an- moved before placing it in service. BODINE NCH -33 Hysteresis-
synchronous. Same mechanical
tennas. Since the KO (potassium chloride) specifications as above. except 000 /1200 RPM
$29.50
can slowly leak out and evaporate, al-
A. Loaded Coaxial Sleeve Antenna. Both
ways check the KCl level in the calo- Please add $1.50 per motor
marine and base station application.
nated with UHF connector. STYLE 72.0 -
Termi-
mel electrode and replenish if neces-
for postage and handling.
FASCO reeling and rewind motors. Can he used
542.50 sary. conjunction with above drive motors. 115 v.
60 cycle. :4, _" dia by 4" long. Shaft 2, _" long
B. Normal Mode Helical Antenna. Distrib- A strong alkali can attack the very and finished for standard reel lock. Best quality
uted -toad antenna eliminates additional load-
ing coils. 4' length permits choice of mounting thin glass of the glass electrode, even nilae or professional use $9.50
SPECIALI Motor starting capacitor for
gray -
positions. STYLE 73.0 Std. model, metallic
51 I.25
though a special sodium -free glass is
used. Over a period of time the strong With tote bracket
bove
drive and other motors. 2 x 5mfd at :1:40 a VAC.
$1.75
Ground Plane Antenna. High strength
C.
fiberglass radiating elements. Fits l'
/s" pipe base would dissolve part of the glass PROFESSIONAL
thread. Terminated with UHF connector. STYLE and change readings. Eventually it TAPE RECORDER HEADS
61.0 -841.60 B T -1 FuII track erase 510.00
would eat through the glass, making a BT -3 Full track record 10.00
10.00
Rain Gutter Mounted Antenna. Conyen- BT -5 Full track playback
D.
ent, detachable installation with exceptional
pin -hole somewhere. BT -2 Holt track erase 5.00
8.00
9' RG 58/U cable. STYLE 74.0 -
benefits of lightweight fiberglass. Includes
$14.40
Electrodes must be kept free from
encrustation and the only way to safely
BT-4 Half track record
13T -6 Half track playback
BB -3 Stereo record (stacked)
BB -5 Stereo playback (stacked t
6.00
12.00
10.00
E. Standard 96' Whip Antenna. Light
remove crusts from the glass is to soak Cinemascope :15MM playback 30.00
weight

-...
...
corrosion resisto,e, Whip
56.95
-
high flexural and impact strength
STYLE 10.3 the electrode in a weak solution of op-
posite nature -acid for base crusts,
Four track t 1" Lapel combo
"Vu METERS"
27.50

.t i oal 115 VAC illumina-

and base for acid crusts. Do not use
I

tion. Mfgr In l'haostron, Metal

escutcheon.
ee rtta basic move-
extremely hot water or slosh the elec-
1

am
Sment nyosplastic
cent others.
above,
trode around wildly. Remember it is case. by
ass
and others.
extremely delicate-and quite expen- Requires external lamp source.
sive! WESTON model ect illuminated
DB meter. 4..." rectangular case.
An erratic reading of pH may not 0 D5-
SPECIAL
0.019V. New Price Ea4.00.
S24.50
be a malfunction of the instrument or DAVEN "T" PAD. 600 ohm balanced line. 14
the electrodes at all. Solutions which steps f .5 db attenuation, T db total Fully
shielded $2.75
are not in water but in some other TECHLAB "T' PAD. 600 /600 ohm. 10 steps of
liquid may not have an evenly dis- 1 DB attenuation. Shielded, with knob and es-
cutcheon s3.Ó0
tributed pH, and may cause the erratic California residents nid 4'; Sales tax. Terms:
movements. Always test with some cash with order or 25'í
All prices FOB 1!,s Angeles.
deposit, balance COD.

standard test solution, as will be speci-

fied by the equipment manufacturer, H. D. STERN CO.
before assuming the instrument or the 1221 Venice Boulevard, Los Angeles 6, Calif.
electrodes have gone haywire.
Where the electrodes are mounted in
some continuous -process piping system,
Fig. 9. Black rod between electrodes A NOTE TO THE HI -Fl BUYER
AIR MAIL us your requirements for
senses and compensates for temperature. an IMMEDIATE LOWEST PRICE QUOTATION
Components, Tapes and Recorders
SHIPPED PROMPTLY AT LOWEST PRICES
WRITE TODAY FOR FREE CATALOG
COLUMBIA PRODUCTS AUDIO 714 -W Lexington Ave.
New York 22, N. Y.
UNLIMITED
COMPANY
A subsidiary of Shakespeare Co.

Columbia. South Carolina

r
OUT Oi:-SPACf ?
You bet we'd be.... if we
were
to tell you all about AUDION'S
engineering degree in 27 mos. Out of this World HI Fi Values'

Become an Electronics Engineer. Share rewards await-

ing college men . higher income, rapid advance-
.
write tar
tree
audi i
2äW Oxford Road
ment. Important firms visit Tri -State to interview sen- Catalog
iors. Bachelor of Science Degree in 27 months in Massapequa,NewYork
Electrical (Electronics or Power major), Mechanical.
L.
Civil, Aeronautical. Chemical Engineering. /n 36
months a B.S. in Business Administration (General
Business, Accounting, Motor Transport Management
majors). For earnest, capable students. Small classes.
More professional class hours. Well- equipped labs.
Dorms. Campus. Modest costs. )'ear -round operation. lW MAIL ORDER HI -FI
You can now purvhue alt your Hi -Fi from one
'1111B
Enter Jan., Mar., July, Sept. Founded 1884. Write reliable source end be assured of perfect delivery.
J. H. McCarthy. Director of Admission, for Caneton makes delivery Irons NY stock on most
Catalog and "Your Career" Book. Ili-Fi, Recorders and Tape within 24 hours. SEND
US A LIST OF YOUR HI-FI REQUIREMENTS
FOR OUR WHOLESALE QUOTATION and our
FREE ,ehole.afe catalogue.
CARSTON STUDIOS
125-TO Eut sx St. New York 28. N.Y.
1690 College Ave., Angola, Indians
ELECTRONICS WORLD
130
 they will of course be protected by .1
screen against possible damage from
DOES -_ 0 s
s-
rapidly moving particles which may be
carried in the liquid. In that case, en-
crustation or fouling of the protective
screen may be one cause for erroneous
YOUR or
ss
readings. Regular checks are recom-
mended. Finally -if all common -sense
BUSINESS SLUMP trar c
;oo
checks have been made for cleanliness,
proper installation, and intact elec-
AS TEMPERATURES SOAR?
trodes -look for circuit problems.
Most circuit difficulties in pH meas-
urement arise from electrical leakage.
Because of the very high resistance of
DIVERSIFY WITH 2 -WAY
the electrodes, any inadvertent shunt- MOBILE -RADIO MAINTENANCE !
ing in the circuit has a disastrous
effect on the accuracy of measurement. Hundreds of progressive radio servicemen are
Because the pH equipment is necessar- filling the summer slump in entertainment ra-
dio -by adding mobile -radio
ily placed in a liquid- carrying environ- Actually, mobile -radio service ismaintenance!
business 12
ment, scrupulous cleanliness must be months out of the year-often on contract basis
-paid for by going organizations. So rise above
observed for the electrode terminals,
leads, and connectors.
competition -and end that summer slump
send coupon below for "How to Make - LAMPKIN :05 -e
FREQUENCY METCR
Mobile -Radio Maintenance ". It's free!Money in RANGE 0.1 TO 175 MC AND
Next most frequent are grounding PRICE 5260.00 NET
LIP

problems. Thorough grounding of the THIS BOOKLET IS BASED UPON A CAREFUL

case, the amplifier, and the piping in- SURVEY OF THE ACTUAL OPERATING PRAC
volved may be of help. Ground loops

v
TICES OF SUCCESSFUL MOBILERADIO EN-
GINEERS. IT SHOWS TYPICAL CONTRACT
and a.c. pickup are as much a problem PROVISIONS . . . MONTHLY FEES IN
here as in any hi -fi installation. Pre- STALLATION CHARGES . .
.
.

LABOR RATES
cipitation or encrustation of the elec- LAMPOON 205n
trodes and supporting structure may Lampkin instruments are the most popular
FM MODULATION METER
RANGE 25 T0 500 MC
restrict the flow of liquid around them. mobile- maintenance meters. PRICE 5270.00 NET
Frequent inspection of the electrodes r
may be required. Accidental shorting
or loading of the electrodes will cause
polarization. They will recover, if left
alone, but it may take a long time,
MAIL COUPON TODAY » LAMPKIN LABORATORIES, INC.
MFM Division, Bradenton, Florida
At no obligation to me, please send
Free booklet
meters
Data on Lampkin
possibly days. LAMPKIN LABORATORIES, Name
If radioactive material is present in INC. Address
the liquid, ions may collect around the BRADENTON, FLA. City State
electrodes and give false (high) read-
ings. Sodium, lithium, and potassium in THE BENDIX PORTABLE TRANSCEIVER (Pack-
high concentrations will cause the elec-
trodes to respond more vigorously, and
corrections must be made for these
solutions. The manufacturer of the
losa NEW!
INDUCTANCE
set MKT -90 Range 138 M('. . t Watt. w/
vibrator power supply 31P -103A IRevr Is foal
control, dual conversion, superhet with 5 stages
of amplification. Entire unit has 19 tubes) (Trans-
mitter is stal control. Can be modified to supply
audio and modulation circuit. Unit orig. cost
8400.00) Weight o lbs. Complete with sche-
electrodes will supply the data needed. Catic and spec. sheet. F.O.B. Bolt more.
ADISCH'S PRICE TO VOL:
.

What we have said for pH is also most- QUALITY only $42.50

ly valid for other potentiometric meas- HERE IS AN IDEAL YET INEXPENSIVE FRE-
QUENCY STANDARD THAT ORIGINALLY
urements made with these electrodes. TESTER COST $178.00 a for only... D $5.75
A pH measurement used to be a As the name implies, this instru-
(Contains: 500 KC precision m
a
;,I RV
type in BMS Labs. stal oven heated with :, 5e-10
1

tedious, hand -worked problem of titra- tube w/padders for adjust. Herrn. sealed rect.
tion which had to be done in small ment determines the quality of nick -plated
a brass with - pin miniature socket
prong at base. 4, 2"x V,4 "xlt,s". SPECS: 5(111
an inductance such as found in RC 0.001211 at 75V 16.3 V for 5840 tube
batches. Once more, electronics ha, Tills RCA PRECISION CRYSTAL OS- $5.15
come to the rescue to enable rapid . flybacks, audio output transfor- CILLATOR RF . . only .t a

continuous pH determination in our mers, vertical output transfor- OTHER CADISCO SPECIALS
automated world. -;p- mers, chokes, yokes, etc. It has UG
2
--

00.1s5 /Capacit..$0.35
E.,cn
.'si t M..1, Is,g ",.50.12
tr,, Rev,
r.
. ..i...
Each
..59.59
..ins _$22.50
I
*SCR
1

the remarkable property of high 0505T Amptr.

Relay
It(' 1:111 Ri,'elvo,. 59.95 Detect.
50.35 *BC 1033A H,-cer ver'.57.95
sensitivity combined with ade- 6C5 Amperite
Relay 50.35
It4 , Rltt hereo o,' -55.95
TS 153 AP Relative
808 RCA Tubes $0.65 Field Strgth )hater
quate energy level to provide 6141 RCA Tubes $0.40 0.100 MC
ION %FORMER Primary 5,500 ohms
..517.95
actual operating voltages. For Mfr. RCA 000716 Second. 2.800 ohms .250 Each
MA DC ..55.95
STANCOR P -6309 Fit. %former. 6.3 el 23 Amp.
example, the instrument will de- Jobber .......55.95
CHOKE Raytheon t.-eatI- l'2 Hl'S
tect a single shorted turn in a at .425A
SMOOT111NG

CG 357 Coaxial Cable RG 59 A/U 150 ft w 510.95

e t. ....S1.95
flyback transformer and yet de- 12c Octal Steatite Sockets or 15 Shock Mount
Octal 50.99
7 mica sockets stripped fn,m
liver approximately 1 500 volts P2
K carbon pot. long shaft for knob
egLIpment
50.99
45 ohm 18W Resistor RAY 330,450..... 50.25
peak -to -peak across the primary ELECTRONIC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY5 for re-
50.99
moved from new equipment. Input 115 -60
of an average transformer! De- 0
output 25300
Intermltltent 1000 Volt 100
VDV at 100-125 MA + a Ht'
.8.-Typ2 00VDC
Supply $24.95
11.FIIled Capacitor. 1
sign engineers and technicians Type JP20 (Price from Mfr. 5175.00
CADISCOS SPECIAL 513.93
alike should find this instrument 15101 GE Short
Each
Drake Pilot Lite 50.50.32
Each
Lean ..50.59 3- 500.0.500
extremely useful. 11122 Radar Tube..50.35
31OP1A Scope Tube.$1.49
MÌcroamp
3" 0 -500 DC Mils
55.75
55.75
C3A14 Thyr. Tuhe.$5.75 2" 0.150 DC Mils 53.75
Meter Rectifier 2P3T Rotary Mom
For complete information write: Swten 50.25
... 50.95 Tungsol 6127 7V
Cement' 1linrk
TELSON ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS, Relay 50.25
TERMS. Min. Order 52.00. 25% M order. Balance
COD. Alls fob Salto subject to change
INC., Rapid City, South Dakota w!thout not,crr WE ALSO OUT SURPLUS
TRONICS. PARTS TEST EQUIP'T ETC.
ELEC.
...
"Lei me know when that picture tube goes."
or contact your distributor. CADISCO 1425 W. Baltimore St.
Baltimore 23. Md.

September, 1960 131

www.americanradiohistory.com
 than leaving the diode out altogether.
Bring out
ORDER FM Reception on Wheels A neon bulb (E,, which may be found
the best in between the top of E, and the lead
YOUR (Continued from page 65)
your speakers... from the power supply) provides the
ENCLOSURE save dollars in necessary voltage stability.
assembly and sensitivity with high conversion ef- Of additional interest in the FM -900
KITS FROM \ finishing costs -.. ficiency and superior frequency sta- are the power supply and audio cir-
get the fun of bility. cuits. Although the set uses tubes
HOMEWOOD "doing-it-yourself"! The subsequent i.f.- limiter -detector mixed with transistors, it cannot be
strip might seem overdesigned for a called a conventional hybrid receiver,
O N L Y home receiver- but this isn't a home in which the tubes use low plate volt-
receiver. V, and V. are conventional ages. The latter types would doubtless
require unacceptable design compro-
$ 95 i.f. amplifiers. These are followed by
two stages of limiting, V, and V. Fur- mises. Thus conventional tubes requir-
thermore, the limiters are double- acting ing "B +" in the order of 100 volts are
affairs providing both grid and plate found here. While this requirement
limiting. The signal path so far pro- could be met with a vibrator type of
MODEL 6
vides excellent gain and limiting. In power supply, noise problems might
Factory assembled, ready for finishing. Makes fact, this could be considered quite again arise. Thus a transistor power
your 8" speaker sound like a million! Made of good in an FM home tuner whose dis- oscillator, V,,,,, with a step -up trans-
1/2" hardwood ply, beautifully grained and criminator is of the Foster- Seeley type, former is used to provide a satisfactory
smoothly sanded. 10" h. x 16" w. x 9" d. 9 lbs. which provides no limiting on its own. a.c. voltage, which is rectified by a
Order two for matched stereo performance. Where a ratio detector, which also selenium diode and filter. A varistor
MODEL 1
provides good limiting, is employed, (Rl,e,) at the rectifier output also helps
412 cubic feet of baffle the manufacturer begins to cut down stability here. The power pack is on a
space assures you crisp- on stages of i.f. amplification or pre - separate subchassis.
est, cleanest bass re- Receiver controls (left to right in
sponse from any 12" detector limiting. This is not so here,
speaker system. Full - where the ratio detector is used. The Fig. 1) are "Volume -On -Off," "Tone,"
grained white birch ply, "Speaker Selector," and "Tuning." A
with pre- attached bracing combination of exceptionally good
cleats for easy assembly. noise clipping with high sensitivity pair of push -pull 2N176 transistors
Kit Includes everything provide 15 watts of peak audio output,
you need gives the user a much better chance
9" h. 20" w. ss121/2"id. in his battle against vehicular handi- 9 watts undistorted. A feedback loop
(5" legs). 25 lbs. $18.95 caps. keeps response flat from 50 to 10.000
MODEL 2 While sensitivity and noise rejection cps. Sensitivity is given as 3 micro-
Clear -grained on four (as far as the circuit is concerned) volts for 20 db quieting. A 12 -volt
sides for bookshelf or
floor use. Acoustically
have been considered, the four limiting battery system, with battery negative
accurate for 12" sys- points (grids and plates of two stages) grounded, is required. An accessory
tems, with adapter prior to the detector accomplish an- "radio switch" permits alternate use of
board for 8" speakers.
Sturdy, 15" ply elimi- other purpose. All signals strong an existing AM receiver.
nates unwanted reso- enough to produce limiting tend to be The accessory kit contains ignition -
nances, improves bass
response. 14" h. x 21" w. cut down to the same size. Thus fluc- suppression equipment to be installed
x 111y4" d. 20 lbs. tuations in signal strength occurring in (addition to that which may already
In Birch, $14.50
In Walnut, $19.95 during motion, which would ordinarily exist for AM. A .5 -tuf. capacitor (Fig.
produce fading and fluttering in the 31 must be installed on the generator.
MODEL 13. Finishing kit; includes generous quanti- A .1 -pf. unit (Fig. 5M is installed on
ties of everything you need to do a professional, audio output, are well controlled above
long -lasting finishing job, plus brush, sandpaper a certain threshold. Where comparable the voltage regulator. (If more sup-
and easy -to- follow instructions. Specify: Mahogany, pression is needed here, the .5-pf. unit
Walnut, Blonde, Oak, Fruitwood, Maple, Cherry, limiting appears in home FM sets, the
Ebony, Natural. $3.88 a.v.c. loop is often left out. However-, shown in Fig. 2 is also added later.)
Ten -day money -back guarantee. All items shipped since the control of fading is particu- Another .1 -pf. capacitor (Fig. 5B) is
freight collect. Please send check or M.O. (No COD's larly important here, a feedback loop installed on the ignition coil. If still
HOMEWOOD INDUSTRIES, Inc. originating at the grid of the first more suppression is needed, ignition
26M Court Street, Brooklyn 1, N.Y. limiter, up to which signal -strength wiring should be checked to make cer-
Please send me:
Model 2 (Birch) (Walnut)
variations still exist, is returned (point tain that it is of the resistance -wire
( ) Model 6
( ) Model 13
( ) Model 1 I )
DI to the front end for a.v.c. type. If it is not. replacement with
( ) Homewood catalog There is still a need to consider sta- resistance wire is in order.
1 enclose remittance in the amount of T
bility. both of frequency and voltage. Ground straps to prevent ground
Name As to the former, we have an a.f.c. loop loops by insuring good electrical con-
Address involving a back -biased semiconductor ductivity between various metal parts
diode (Eul between the center of the of the car may also cut down ignition
City Zone State
balanced ratio detector (point C) and noise. Suggested points are from the
the grid of the converter stage. Such engine block to the firewall; from the
diodes act as voltage -sensitive variable engine block to the car frame; from
capacitors. The error voltage provided the negative battery terminal to the
INFRARED SNOOPERSCOPES by the detector when the set is off fre- car body; and from this battery termi-
quency retunes the oscillator tank cor- nal to one of the voltage-regulator
SEE rectly. This takes care of frequency mounting screws. Where noise is stub-
IN TOTAL Arany
born. rear -deck mounting of the an-
, ,-
Model M -2 stability and also gets rid of the prob-
DARKNESS... (,la lem of critical tuning. As with most tenna can help. These useful hints ap-
pETECTEO!,-Y'9i a.f.c. circuits, there is a fairly broad ply to any FM auto installation.
Suppression effectiveness can be
a 17

range on either side of the precise tun-

checked by driving the car away from
fOR:
Research
t. ing point over which a desired station
Crime Detection may be pulled in easily, without the a transmitted signal to the point where
Wildlife Study driver having to pull his car over to the "picket fencing" begins. This is the
Now avadable._complete Snooperscopes .PRICED S50 70 S115 curb to make the adjustment. audio flutter produced in the moving
LAMPS OPTICS TUBES
Writ. today for FREE Infrared CataloR..-
PARTS Voltage stability becomes particu- vehicle as it goes out of transmitter
amazing low prices of aew-mbled units... indi larly important where a biased diode is range toward the fringe. If background
Cod,
We her
aparts.
ol tie world', knoll Owls ofPwlrw,dpert, out mplimMt. used in an a.f.c. loop. If the biasing noise does not become evident until the
McNEAL ELECTRIC A EQUIPMENT CO. voltage varies, for example, erratic ac- picket -fencing level is approached, sup-
4736 Olive St.. Dept. SW-9, St. Louis n, Mo.
tion of the diode may do more harm pression is effective. - -
132 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 British TV LESA...for STYLE and PERFORMANCE
Changes Looming The classic, smart appearance of the LESA CD2/21 stereo record changer
previews the perfection of performance you can expect from this precision
component, custom crafted in the discriminating Italian tradition. Whether you
By PATRICK HALLIDAY are just stepping into hi -fi, or have been an enthusiast for some time, compare
... you'll find LESA has everything.
Gradual change from 405- to Fully automatic, 4- speeds pre -wired for monaural and stereo Minimum
rumble, flutter and wow Constant speed- change cycle -only 6 seconds
625 -line system recommended. ':Absolutely jam -proof Automatic size intermix Heavy duty four -pole motor
Gentle record handling Universal plug -in head No background noise
THE long- awaited report of the official Stop without rejecting Automatic click suppressor Finished most attrac-
British Television Advisory Commit- tively in smart continental styling. Write for free LESA literature and name of
nearest dealer to: Electrophono & Parts Cor P. 530 Canal St. New York N. Y.
tee- representing government depart- ,

ments, broadcasting authorities, and

the electronics industry -recommends $4450
$lightly hugher
CD2/21 High -Fidelity Stereo Record Changer
a gradual change from the British 405 - in the West
line system (in use since 1936( to 625 -
line definition with a full 8-mc. chan-
nel.
The new standards would apply at
first only to projected u.h.f. stations in
Bands IV (470 -585 mc.) and V (610-
960 mc.) but later all existing televi-
sion stations in Bands I (41 -68 mc.) and
III (174 -216 mc.) will, if the report is
implemented, be converted to 625 scan-
ning lines.
To avoid political and commercial
repercussions among the 10- million
owners of 405 -line receivers. the Brit-
ish Postmaster General has emphasized
that 405-line services will be continued
for "many years" but has estimated
that 625-line programs on u.h.f. could
start by 1964.
The Committee, backed by the re-
search facilities of the British Broad-
, casting Corporation, has been carrying
out field trials with a 10 -kw., 650 -mc.
vision transmitter radiating a 5-mc. ELECTRONIC
video channel, as widely used in con -
tinental Europe and Australia. It is re-
ported that although the 625 -line pic-
TECHNICIANS!
tures did not prove, on over -all assess- Raise your professional standing
ment, to differ significantly from 405- and prepare for promotion!
line pictures, there was marked reduc- Win your diploma in
tion in the visibility of the scanning ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS, or
TIOU 1016
lines. The Committee believes that by ADVANCED
adopting a 5.5 -mc. video bandwidth ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS,
with a 1.25 -mc. vestigial sideband, re- from the
quiring an 8 -mc. channel -as at pres-
ent used in some Iron Curtain coun-
tries -the picture would show a defi-
/ 1 Indiana Home Study Institute
\ \e are proud to announce two great
nite over -all superiority over the exist- 1 I new courses in Engineering Mathematic,
for the electronics industry.
ing ones.
These unusual courses are the result of
Even higher definition pictures, for 1110.1.00I many years of study and thought by the
example, the French 819-line. 13-mc. President of Indiana Ilome Study, who ha,
channel ones, have been rejected on the pr-rcrntafh lectured in the classroom to
grounds that the wide bandwidth would thousands of men, from all walks of lifc.
reduce drastically the number of pos- on mathematics. and electrical and elec-
:I in coupon for a FREE One Year Sub -

- Ironic engineering.
1

sible programs. A major advantage of nption to OLSON RADIO'S Fantastic Bargain

You will have to sec the lessons to ap-
Packed Catalog Unheard of LO\X', LOW,
the 625 -line system is that it would WHOLESALE PRICES on Brand Name preciate them!
facilitate the international exchange of >peakers, Changers, Tubes, Tools, Hi -Fis, NOW you can master engineering
programs along the Eurovision net- "creo Amos. Tuners and thousands of other
Liccnonic Bargains. mathematics. and actually enjoy doing it!
work. At present, all programs com- WE ARE THIS SURE: you sign no
ing into or going out of the United NAME contracts -you pay only AFTER you have
Kingdom are passed through "standard ADDRESS_
completed each Unit of your course.
converters" with resulting degradation In plain language. if )'ou aren't .satisfied
CITY ZONE STATE you don't pay, and there arc no string,
of picture. attached.
It cou have a friend interested in electronics
There seems little chance of British end his name and address for a FREE sub- Write today (a postcard will be tine).
viewers seeing regular color programs r iption also. for more information and your outline of
for a long time to come; the Committee courses.
which has been experimenting with
405 -line color system adapted from
OLSON RADIO
CORPORATION
You have nothing to lose, and everything
to gain!
NTSC standards has now urged that The INDIANA Home Study Institute
plans for color service be delayed. -3(1
x611 S. Forge St. Akron 8, Ohio 924 E. Colum:Dia Avenue, Fort Wayne, Indiana

September, 1960 133

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Old "Radio News" Issues
FIX ANY TV Home -Built Speaker System
(con tin tied from page 63)
WANTED
OR RADIO In order fo complete our office file, we
are anxious to obtain back issues of RA-

ever
z made! If the mid -range speakers are used,
a suitable crossover at about 700 cps
DIO NEWS from the years 1919 through
1937. If you have any of these magazines,
in good condition, will you please for-
is required. Fig. 4 shows one such net- ward a list, including month, year, and
work which provides a 6 db-per -octave price desired to: The Editor, ELECTRON-
attenuation. Further details as to net- ICS WORLD, One Park Ave., New York
work construction can be found in the 16, N. Y. Please do not send the maga-
"References" at the end of the article. zines themselves until you receive word
An "L" pad should be used with the from us. All communications will be ac-
knowledged.
mid -range speakers since they are more
efficient than the woofers and require
ONLY $17 some attenuation for proper balance.
3.1 When wiring the speakers together ELECTRONICS WORLD HAS
for this 2 volume they must be properly phased. The
1500 -page Ghirardi woofers can be phased together since
Service Library their polarity is known. The same is A BUYER FOR YOUR USED
true for the mid -range speakers. How- EQUIPMENT OR COMPONENTS!
ever, when the tweeter or mid -range
COMPLETE TRAINING system is combined with the woofers. The 245,000 purchasers of ELEC-
the phasing can be accomplished by
FOR BETTER RADIO -TV SERVICE JOBS working with two systems at a time. TRONICS WORLD are always in the
These two giant Ghirardi home training The tweeter is connected to the woof- market for good used equipment or
manuals make it easy for you to be an expert ers and the leads to one reversed until components. So if you have something
on ALL types of TV -AM -FM service to sell, let EW readers know about it
at only a fraction of the price you might the sound seems most natural. Proba-
expect to pay for such complete training. bly the easiest way to do this is by through our classified columns. It costs
Almost 1500 pages. over 800 clear illustra- very little: just 600 a word, including
tions and dozens of procedure charts explain using a test record of speech or a single
each detail of every service job as clearly as instrument and reversing the leads to name and address. Minimum message:
A -B -C. Each book contains up to the minute words.
data. Each is based on approved professional one of the speaker systems until the 10
methods. You learn time -saving shortcuts. sound seems to come from a single
You learn to work better, more profitably. source instead of two distinct sources.
Ideal as complete training for beginners or For Martin Lincoln
as a handy reference library for experienced ELECTRONICS WORLD
servicemen who want to look up puzzling jobs Results further
or develop new and faster methods. As with all speaker systems, the information One Park Avenue
A complete guide to proof of the sound is in the hearing. write: New York 16, N. Y.
TROUBLESHOOTING & REPAIR Test curves show little since so many
2op,,ge
This Radio & TV TROUBLESHOOT - factors enter into the over -all perform- 41111111111111111Pr.
O ING AND REPAIR MANUAL
I each service procedure
bles to making
guides through
you
from locating trou-
.
fast and right. Step -by -step
ance of a system. The author feels that
the system described here sounds al-
New Isotron/e Training Method
repairs
charts cover practically every type of troubleshoot. most as well if not as well as the me-
Ing from Television problems to AM and FM realign - LEARN TV REPAIR
plent to IF and Detector Sections. car radios, record
tions receiv rs etc. 417 illus-
ayers. communications dium- priced commercial systems. Tests
trations. Price $10 separately. (Outside U.S.A.
10.50.1
were made with speech and piano, the IN ONE SHORT WEEK!
acid test of any speaker and they Now. alter 5 yea research-a streamhmr Inun.
"know how" of
I

The complete sounded exceptionally well. Steady - Mg system

s that r obsoletes all others! In Just 7
days you may earn $150 weekly, without paying
SET CIRCUITS & OPERATION state frequency response is indicated up to $250 for training. studying long months!
Developed by electronic scientists in cooperation
OLearn all about circuits and their peculiarities in Fig. 2. This curve is only qualitative- with major TV mfr's., the new lsotmnic method
is the most practical ever devised! For conclusive
and watch your -' a -headaches" disappear!
This 069 -page s Radio & TV Receiver CIR ly meaningful since so many factors proof. write for details and FREE SAMPLE
LESSON. Use it on your own set or s friend's -
CUITRY AND OPERATION manual covers all basic
circuits
quipment: iations used in modern home
and circuit variations
enter into recording responses of this repair it - convince yourself you can make big
s
money Immediately in your own TV business!
explains their likely trouble spots: type and they must not be regarded as Hurry - Free Lesson supply limited. Write:
teaches you to go right to the set of trouble with-
out testing: helps develop fast, truly a definite criteria of speaker perform- TV Servicing Systems. Dept. D-769
1099 So. La Brea Ave.. Loa Angeles 19. Calif.
fessional service techniques. Price $9 separately. ance. The response curve shown in Fig.
,Outside U.S.A. a $9.50.1
2 was made using the woofers and elec-
SAVE $2.00 -Pay As You Learn! trostatic tweeter without the mid-
If sold as
Turin.
course and sent to you in lesson
o u',1 .regard two famous manuals as a
range system. The mid -range system PACKAGE HI FI
bargain at $100 or more. Instead youatnbuy them smooths the mid- region slightly but the or SINGLE COMPONENTS
complete in handy book form for only $17 for woofer and tweeter alone seem ade-
ae two (regular price $19.001. You save $2.00
and you have :i months to pay if desired. No lessons
... quate. You'll find our prices low and service fast.
to wait for! Everything is at your finger tips. You Write for our quotation.
learn fast and you learn right! OUR MONEY - Since the acoustic spring is stiffer
I: \('E C.! .\R:\NTEF PROTECTS YOU FULLY!
than the mechanical springiness of the CENTER ELECTRONICS Co., Inc.
STUDY 10 DAYS FREE! cone itself, the speaker system will be 74 -L Cortland( Street, New York 7. N. Y.

r HOLT, RINEHART and WINSTON, Inc.

somewhat inefficient compared to con-
ventional systems. However, in return
Dept. RN -90
Technical Div., 383 Madison Ave.,
New York 17, N. Y.
for a loss in efficiency, the performance
is more linear and tighter. A 20 -watt
TAPE RECORDERS
HI -F1 COMPONENTS
MONEY-SAVING OFFER! amplifier will prove adequate and one SLEEP LEARN KITS
Send Radio A TV TROUBLESHOOTING AND
REPAIR and Radio A TV CIRCUITRY A OP- of half that power will drive this sys- MERITAP UNUSUAL
F:ItAT1(Nnhon,e training manuals for 10 -day
examination. If decide to keep books. tem. However, in order to have reserve Low cwt, high (,alita
rding tapa. In a bo
VALUES
FREE
I adieu tai pay
1

¡plus postage, for the two.

ï
-.onto of S2. a? over the regular pries. of Slu.
pay SS a,plu postage, after 10 days and SS
power on the peaks and minimize dis- w cans. 1960 Catalog
DRESSN ER. 69 -02 RA, 114 St.,Flushing Iii, N.Y.
,
....nth
t h thereafter until SIT has been Paid.
well r. nmte.n,ks and
Other-
you nothing.
tortion, the more power the better, and
.SAVEt send $27 with order and Pay postage. 60 watts is not too much. WAN
20.daY ney hack guarantee if you're not more than TV
NUN1/A6?
Nam. REFERENCES SERVICEMEN!
Add,..s 1. Mitch, ark. R.: ".4 Surrey of C.,,o.ostu'rr
Networks," Audio Engistecriig, Vorro,bel, Write for SENSATIONAL CATALOG
City. Zan., State 1955.
SIR
std, C'.S.A. for both hooks. rash with 2. CoAed..4. B. and Cohen, P. D.: "Ili -Fi HENSHAW RADIO SUPPLY
r.'dironly. but souse retorsi pririleae with money Crassorrr_ %rfhcork Desigd Charts," ELEC- 3619 TROOST KANSAS CITY, MO.
I- J TRONICS WORLD, May, 1959. -30L
134 ELECTRONICS WORLD

www.americanradiohistory.com
 Don't Underrate Transistors
(Continued from page 53) NOW...INCREASE YOUR RADIO SALES
Lion rating if the ambient temperature
with the
is kept below 25 °C.
One method of lowering the ambient
temperature is to mount the transistor
SEG RADIO DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM
on a suitable heat sink and then im-
merse the entire assembly in ice water Radios sell immediately
to a point just short of shorting out the on demonstration
transistor leads. Many mechanical Completely hidden
arrangements can be devised to obtain
this type of ice bath, and with it, it is No direct connection
possible to maintain an ambient tem- Simple to install
perature of 0 °C (32°F). FM & Shortwave outlet
The maximum allowable collector
dissipation with a depressed ambient The new Master Radio Demonstration system is a "must"
temperature can be determined by sub- for every retailer who sells AM, FM or shortwave radios.
stituting the appropriate values in Powerful signals are sent out by concealed loop antennae Demonstrate with Pride -No Excuses
equation (2). to give all the radios on your display shelves strong and clear input signals ...
permitting
them to function at the peak of their capacity, despite interference from fluorescents, elevator
Pc -0.065 starting motors, or any other steel construction in the building that might introduce noise
P,. = 1000 mw. or weaken the signal.
These calculations indicate that it is SUPER POWERED SINGLE
possible to operate the transistor with
a collector dissipation of 1 watt if the
CHANNEL AMPLIFIER
ambient temperature is 0 °C. The new OVER 20V -5 WATTS OUTPUT
value of k for operation with a heat SEC
MODEL SPA DELIVERS TREMENDOUS SIGNALS OVER LONG DISTANCES
sink was obtained from Table 1. Of Channels 2 -13 Response flat 2db Linear Class -A operation
course, for continuous operation pre- Over 26db gain Input 1 Volt max. C. C. S. Service
cautions must be taken to insure that 6 -8 mcs band width 75 OHM Termination
the 0 °C ambient temperature is main- U. S. Govt. Install. Panama Canal Zone. Iwo Jima.
tained. Fig. 5 shows the output char- Write for details today
acteristic curves with the 1 -watt power
dissipation curve.
Since the power output of a transis-
SEG ELECTRONICS
1778 FLATBUSH AVE., BROOKLYN 10, NEW YORK
tor power amplifier is approximately
equal to collector dissipation times col-
lector efficiency, any increase in col- WHO NEEDS
lector dissipation without exceeding
the manufacturer's absolute maximum
ratings results in increased power out-
LOOK
...
NO FURTHER IF YOU'RE
MILESOFWIRE?
put. UNHAPPY WITH "Hl" HI -FI
PRICES. WRITE FOR OUR
Many manufacturers, rather than UNUSUAL AUDIO CATALOG. GET
-
providing the values for k, give a col-
lector dissipation ambient tempera-
ture derating curve. Fig. 6 is such a
KEY ELECTRONICS CO.
120 -C Liberty St., N. Y. 6.
Phone CLoverdote 8 -4288
HOME ELECTRICITY
curve for the transistor described in ANYWHERE
Table 1. From this curve it is possible WITH A
to read the allowable maximum collec-
tor dissipation in milliwatts for any
ambient temperature. -30 TV PICTURE TUBES
AT LOWEST PRICES
Fig. 6. Collector dissipation versus il
ambient temperature derating curve. NEW TUBES
14RP4 $16.95
14W ZP4 16.95
210EP4$22.95
21 DEP4 22.95
CONVERTER
- 1600 ALL ALLUMIIZED 17BJP4 19.95 24AEP4 26.95 Change 6 or 12 volt D.C. to
178ZP4 19.95 24AHP4 26.95
110 volt, 60 cycle A.C.
1400 10BP4 $ 7.95 176P4 $ 9.95 21AMP4S15.15
12LP4 8.50 17CP4 17.00 21ATP4 15.75 No Installation -Just plug into
tn
14B CP4 9.95 17GP4 17.60 21AUP4 15.75 cigarette lighter of car, truck,
I- 160P4 12.00 17HP4 12.50 21EP4 13.50 or boat, and it's ready to go!
I- 1200 16EP4 12.75 171P4 11.50 21FP4 14.50
16CP4 14.50 17QP4 9.95 21WP4 14.00 Operate lights, elec-
J 16KP4 9.95 17TP4 17.00 211.1.4 14.50
tric shavers, dictation
1610P4 10.95 19AP4 16.00 21ZP4 13.50
1000 16RP4 9.95 20CP4 13.50 24CP4 23.50 machines, record
16WP4 12.00 20HP4 14.50 24DP4 24.50 players, small electric
Z 16PT4 9.95 21AP4 22.10 27P4 39.95
o 17AVP4 12.50 21ALP4 15.75 27RP4 39.95
tools, portable TV, and
800 testing equipment.
Year Warranty
á 1
Aluminized tubes 53.011 for 21 ", $7,00 for 21" ami
Ñ 27' additional. Prices include the return of an ac-
N
a 600 ceptable similar tube under vacuum. Models from 15
tubes are manufactured froom reprocessed used
glass bulbs. rAll'tlparts and materials including the
electron gun are brand new. to 200 watts,
400 ALL PRICES FOS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Deposit
required. when old tube is not returned. refund- priced as low as $1295
able at time of return. , deposit required on
COU shipments. Old tubes must be returned pre.
Paid. Tubes shipped Rail Express. Shipped Sea Your Electronic Penh Dealer or Jobber
200 only to Continental U. S. and Canada.
WRITE FOR COM 1ST.
COMPANY
o
-40 -20 0 +20 +40
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
+60
oC
+80
-PICTURE TUBE OUTLET
2922 MILWAUKEE AVE.,
Dickens 2
CHICAGO 18. ILLINOIS
-204$
- ESIGNERS B MFRS. OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT SINCE 1927

1058 RAYMOND AVE., ST. PAJL 14, MINNESOTA

In Canada: ATLAS RADIO CORP. LTD.- Toronto, Ont.

September, 1960 135

-IADVANCE TRANSFORMER MONTH r"

SEC
* ** **TRANSFORMERS * * * **
AMP
ALL 115 VOLT PRIMARY
SALE SEC IMP SALE
What's
6.3 4 2.19 18 10 4.25
6.3 15 3.95 21 2 2.49
1.49 2.95

New in Radio
176 11/2 21 3
I8 4 3.25 11/2 20 3.75
- -POWER TRANSFORMERS!- -
115 VOLT PRIMARY
SEC VOLTS MA SEC A PS SEC AMPS SALE
2.49
300.0 -300
3000-300
350.0-350
100
450
250
6.3

6.3
- 5
5
5 2
6
3
4.75
4.95
360 -0. 360 200 6.6 1 S 3 6.95 "T- BIRD" ANTENNA The new unit measures a.c. sine -
wave voltages from 0.2 millivolt
4.49
385-0 -385
100.0.400
150
200
6.3
6.3
5
5
3
2 4.9 5 Technical Appliance Corporation,
100.0.400
100.0.400
250
375
6.3
6.3
5
5
3
4
5.69
7.49 Sherburne, N. Y. has developed an im- through 300 volts r.m.s. with frequency
150 -0.450
500.0.500
250
100
6.3
6.3
5 3
4
6.19
4.75
proved broad -band yagi which is being response 10 cps through 400 kc. A spe-
525 -0.525 250 6.3
S
5 3 6.49 marketed as the Taco "T- Bird." cially designed meter scale provides
900 CYCLE The new antenna has been engi-
540 -0.540 370 6.3
Plus
14 5 9 12.50
neered to provide greater gain through-
decibel markings on both the voltage -
Plus 12.6V 34 2.5V 7.5A
range positions and the meter scale.
SPECIAL! pRI $49.50 A data sheet on the Model 715. giv-
ing complete specifications, is available
OUTPUT TRANSFORMER on request.
1200 ohms input. 0.6 -12.21 ohm 7...

watts. Response 2 2 db. fm 50 to 10 $9.95

Ky. SC- O -O -PI BETA TESTER
STEP UP /DOWN TRANSFORMER The Hickok Electrical Instrument
IIn /22o, 10 ar..p. Company, 10514 Dupont Ave., Cleve-
ONLY $1 0.95
land 8. Ohio has announced the devel-
SOLA CV TRANSFORMER opment of a versatile dynamic beta
95-125 V, 00 cy. input. 20
2 amp output
V t., $9.95 transistor tester, the Model 870.
out channels 2 through 13 and an im-
4C ***CHOKES****
MA SALE MA SALE
proved pattern which virtually elimi-
nates all side lobes. resulting in clean-
The new unit tests transistors ac-
cording to manufacturers' specifica-
HY
8 200 2.15
HY
20 110 2.49 tions. Collector current and collector
10
10
100
200
1.79
6.25
20
21
300
100
7.9
2.5
er, sharper pictures on the TV receiver voltage can be varied to provide the
u1C CG-40 boxed screen. proper conditions for correct beta
SWINGING CHOKE Among the electrical features are a measurements.
\'. 3 Ily of non Ma. to 15 115'
I
17.95 T -match system which provides elec- The tester measures large -signal d.c.
I-.0 100 V, ..S1'El'IAI.I $
Min. Order $3.00 -250p with order F.O.B. New York trical coupling for both the high and beta on power transistors as well as
10 DAY GUAR. PRICE OF MDSE. ONLY
low band. completely eliminating small -signal a.c. beta on low- and
"deadening" on any channel in the
Advance Electronics v.h.f. band. Also incorporated is the
6'West Broadway ;iew York 7. N. Y. REctor 2-0270 new signal injector which maintains
electrical stability throughout the v.h.f.
SOME SPECIALS FROM OUR frequency range. The "T- Bird" utilizes
NEW GREENSHEET CATALOG multiple driven elements for higher
rd., Dir.ct for further detls
U or ....de
ry or catalog
BC640- 8100.156 Mc. %mt..
.f
New.
.o
Unused -or,g'
gain and better impedance match to the
cate $395.00
2 KW. Mod. Kfmr. I0K 3750 & 7500 Ohms. $44.50
transmission line. All parasitic ele-
TSI46 UP 'X" Band Spectrum Analyser. $595.00 ments are electronically tuned to oper-
2 Mfd 7500 VOC Sprague Capacitor. New. $12.50
. Often- Lansing Output Xfmr. 3300 CT '500 250
ate on every channel.
Ohms. Norm. std. New. A $20.00 value for only
52.50
The antenna is currently available in
. 75 -173 190 /190 Mes) $150.00
TS -175 (65/1000 es) $195.00
three models. The company will supply
TS- 497.A /URR Sig. Gen. 12 to 400 Mes. in 6 a data sheet giving complete details on
$anges). Similar to Measurements Model SO.
350.00 request.
UTC CG 442. rand new. 670 VCT w rias Plus
Ills. (Req. Net $21.00). $450
M Prep Meter 579.00 -BC -321 NEW A.C. V.T.V.M.
SC-2 1-5 $99.00
Simpson Electric Company, 5200 W. medium -power units. Collector test
OVA
Kinzie St., Chicago 44, Ill. has added current is variable up to 2 amperes,
the Model 715 a.c. vacuum -tube volt- permitting measurements of power
A64 meter to its line of test instruments. transistors.
// ill Designed for general- purpose appli- The instrument has three I.I ranges
' BARRY'S cations where versatility is required. and two beta ranges. Setups can be
made quickly on the easy -to-read panel.
Settings for over 1500 popular transis-
*GREENSHEET tors are included on the built -in roll
VALUES chart.
WORLD
OF 'THIS "FLEXI -CORE" TRANSFORMERS
11 ARE OUT Sylt'attiu Electric P rod uel.s Inc.. Ip-
(4 III al swich. Mass. has introduced a new type
of electrical transformer which is
.5 complete 00411, E of specialised In,hilrlal El.... smaller and lighter than conventional

I
"plete and COMPONENTS featuring Harm
Electronics ravings to Industry. Hams A E:xporimentef
Prove thesis values to yourself, Complete and m
Lt 115 types with identical operating charac-
the coupon below for your Copy of the Greensheet
Well al.n purchase your equipment and unused tubes .. ....-..G-f.i-,r teristics.
ouad a ELECTRONICS
w York 12,1e. EO.
R.e 52 Tradenamed "Flexi- Core," applica-
tions for the new transformer range
wdaet.
Nee:

Please send me a copy of the Grrensheet and add

dey name to your mailing list.
(EW9) the instrument features high input im- from the home to the launching pad.
pedance, multi -voltage ranges, and The heart of the new transformer is a
Name T't le
wide frequency response, making it formed core that consists of nests of
Company suitable for hi -fi and general low -level laminations, or layers. of fabricated
Address work such as hum and ripple measure- steel strips from a continuous roll.
ments as well as for i.f. gain and vi- Each of these cores consists of two
City State
bration analyzing. "U "- shaped nests of strips; two nests
136 ELECTRONICS WORLD
 are fitted together, with the strips at
the top of the "U's" interleaved. The COYNE'S New Complete
C.E.I. CITIZEN'S BAND
Two -Way Transceiver Kits Complete
New Low Price
- resulting unit is a hollow rectangle.
square, or other shape. The flexibility
of core design permits transformers to
a .Y 1S OOTING
No examination required for use of this equipment. be engineered for specific applications
Made from parts of finest quality. rather than circuits designed around TROUBLE
Meets F.C.C. Requirements. existing transformers. Takes Headaches Out Of

,
Kits are complete, including Cabinet, Pre -punched
Inquiries regarding this new compo- All Servicing Problems!
Chassis, Power Transformer, all components. Mike,
Crystal. Easy to follow instructions and schematic. nent should be addressed to Dept 1--1'
F.C.C. form 505 furnished with each order.
of the company.
SPECIFICATIONS
Superheterodyne Receiver with the 1000 DK has TWO-METER CONVERTER
RF Stage. One micro volt sensitivity. over two TRANSISTOR TROUBLES
watts Audio Transmitter 5 Watts of RE, 100% AM American Electronics Co., 178 Her -
IN 12 MINUTES!
Modulated. 40 to 80 Ohms Antenna Output. Power ricks Road. Mineola, N. Y. is now mar-
Transformer operates on 6VDC. 12VDC and 117VAC. Trouble -shoot every type
All units can be operated as base or mobile. keting a two -me- of circuit in ALL transis-
ter converter in torized equipment! 525
both kit and pages: hundreds of illus-
trations: 120 check
wired versions. charts! SLIPS
_
Fizz-
Ì',-_'-_-
n.y,
The converter
11111 is crystal -con-
trolled and fea- RECORD CHANGER
tures a 6ES8 TROUBLES IN 5 MINUTES!
high -gain, low - Locate mechanical and
noise cascode first electronics troubles fast.
Covers all makes. 320
Special One Time Offer at This Price r.f. amplifier. a pages: 450 photos: 1,8
6U8A second r.f. check charts! 53.SS
MODEL 1000 DK
Has Tuneable Receiver. Receives all 22 channels amplifier and mixer, and a 6J6 oscil-
and 10 meter band. Has fixed squelch and noise
limiter.
lator- multiplier.
In Kit 45.95 a Spurious and image rejection is bet- TV TROUBLES
This model can be easily converted to 6 Meter
ter than 70 db while the noise figure is IN IO MINUTES!
operation by changing coil winding and crystal. better than 4 db. Gain is said to be in Find the exact sound or
This new price offer is Limited. Order now. excess of 30 db while i.f. rejection is picture trouble in any
All units complete. 15?: deposit required with all over 100 db. Power requirements are TV set from 700 possi-
C.O.D. orders or send cash and take 29, discount. bilities! 300 pages: 300
F.O.C. Chickasha. Prompt shipment. 30 ma. at 100 to 150 volts d.c. and 1.26 diagrams, check charts!
amps. at 6.3 volts which can be ob- $4.85
CHICKASHA ELECTRONICS, Inc. tained from the companion receiver or
Chickasha. Oklahoma
from the company's model PS -1 power
supply which is housed in a matching COLOR TV TROUBLES
chassis. IN 15 MINUTES!
data sheet on both the 2 -meter and
A Covers every type of color
converters, available from the
6 -meter TV and picture tube! 550
pages: 362 check charts.
NEVER FAIL - company, will be forwarded on request.
LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
ilia:Trams. picture pat -
t,.rrt
Simple Check Chart System Saves Time
$5.95

ZONE Viduire Electronics Mfg. Corp., 44

Church St.. Baldwin, N. Y. has intro- These amazing practical handbooks with an
ENTIRELY NEW METHOD, show you
duced its Model LR -10 voltage regu-
YOUR MAIL lator. The device is designed to restore
proper operating voltage to equipment
how to find the trouble in ANY tv, record
changer or transistor circuit FAST! Index
tells you where to look; famous Check -
when the line voltage varies up or down Charts help you pin -point the exact trouble
The Post Office has divid- from the nominal 117 -volt rating. in minutes! These on- the -job books quickly
ed 106 cities into postal The LR -10 is said to provide a full pay for themselves in profitable new busi-
350 watts without undue heating. A ness and valuable time saved!
delivery zones to speed four- position slide switch may be used SEND NO MONEY!
to increase or reduce line voltage by VALUABLE
mail delivery. Be sure to Just mail coupon for free
10 per -cent, feed line voltage direct. trial. After ; days, send only FREE GIFT!
include zone number or shut off the equipment. Additional low Price or return hooks
and pa y nothing' If you keep
Sendfor FREE
OFFER of
TRIA.
data is available on request. all L,,,, ks. send only St
all 4 Pin
Pomt hooks
writing
I
when to these :after 7 ,toys. Pay SI tt.a. FREE000k,
and eat
"Bi551,
b :Jan <, plus postage at S Profits in Ty"
!'he-'
PROGRAMMER FOR PC'S
I

cities; be sure to include The Industrial and Automation Di-

per month.
or not!

your zone number in your vision, Radio Corporation of America. FREE TRIAL OFFER...Mail Coupon Now!
return address -after the 12605 Arnold Avenue, Detroit 39, Mich.,
has developed a high speed tape -con- Educational Book Publishing Div.
COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL. Dept. 90 -RT
city, before the state. trolled unit which is capable of punch- 1455 W. Congress Pkwy., Chicago 7, III.
ing tip to 10.000 holes per hour in hush 4 -bo.,k l'IN PoiiN ' s, - r..r lay FREE.

TRIAL p,.r "der. For iudisidual i.,,,k., clack

printed circuit boards. The unit will bales.
handle boards up to 6" wide x 18!í'r It MIMI) CIIANGEIR ($a.95 plus po. age;
long, as well as multiples of sheets 'l'ItANsI.sTlllts ?1.91 Ulu, peslagel
1

TT Itl.9:, plus Pelage)

which can be held in the same plane l'1IL11K TV I$1.95 plus poslagel
--then you need us! by means of suitable fixtures. All holes
GET STARTED RIGHT by ertng are accurately punched on ?ilu" coordi- Name %Re

for FREE Spage catalog fus nates without breakout. Addrs'

tratng user 30 business forms
and systems designed specifi
The new programmer involves a per-
tally I TV-Radio Service. forated tape which may be prepared t-lu' 211110 .. Sint,.
ON SALE AT YOUR PARTS JOBBER simply and easily. The tape, 12" wide x stri.nSI'a.1i Prim, ,nrlosed; t'oyne pay, Imstage.
Send C.O.D. for 519.91 plus )I.o. ree: Coyne pa)
36" long, is ruled in 1 ;'r coordinates and ...tags. 7 -Day names hark guarantee on i'u.t, or
is Oelrich Publications 4308 N. Milwaukee Chicago 41, III. Ill I. U. order,.
perforations are made with a dinking
September, 1950 137
 die at selected intersections to conform
EIMAC TRANSMITTING TUBE CRYSTAL CONTROLLED
rflt5o to the desired pattern. A vacuum head
4SOTL -Brand Now -Fully CONVERTERS
Guarantee d. Each. e Uf pickup on the reader bar eliminates the
POLICE FIRE COMMERCIAL
need for precise location of the holes in
CITIZENS' BAND
DYNAMOTOR SPECIAL the tape.
Volts InputOutput 440V. ,. 200Ma 12 Volts For use with
12
spot- Output 225V. 61 100Ma. All ,n
$1.95
sl tl
The punching cycle is automatic. The
one Dynamotor. 9RAND NEW. Ea
punch head contains 59 free-floating 12 V. Transistor type
punches .052" diameter for component car radios
BRAND NEW CARTER DYNAMOTOR
INPUT 5.9 VOLTS. OUTPUT 405 V. s. insertion and one with a .105" diameter 26 -50 MC
270 MA. SMALL SIZE Ea. $4.
E 95
for the locating or processing hole. $24.95
RGSU -52
COAX CABLE
Impedance -Fresh Stock -500 Spacing of the .052" holes is %o" which
Ohm Complete with crystal and tubes. Requires no
Each
On Baled wooden pools
... .... $32.50 establishes the cross grid. Indexing rate high voltage supply. Operates on 12 volts DC.
RG62A U -92 ohm impedance -Fresh Stock -1000 is 180 per minute. Can be self installed In seconds. Other smiler:
Foot Spools Ea. 538.50
Smaller quantities 71ac per ft. Min. order 25 ft. for 108.162 MC available. =1 4
A practical converter for ewer-
NEW VACUUM CAPACITORS 3 -IN -1 TESTER gency use with powered home or
.95
50 MMF-SNV
25 MMF-IOKV 2.25 Mercury Electronics Corp., 77 Sear- auto sets. Tunable over 12 MC
26 -54 MC or 108 -174 $
EIMAC VC 12 MMF328V
EIMAC VC 25 MMF-328V
EIMAC VC SO MMF-32KV
ea.
e
ea
96.95
7.93
8.93
ing Avenue, Mineola, N. Y. is now offer- MC
13.5
JENNINGS 100 MMF.M01lV
JENNINOS JHC150 MFSOKV..
ea. 12.93
ea. 24.95
ing a "three -in -one" instrument as its Also available crystal controlled
"Model 300 Combination Tester." up to 54 MC $19.95
POWER TRANSFORMER
60
"The unit incorporates a versatile full be el cemerlus I receivers for every application.
Ma,n6.33V. @.
FuIIY shield
5V. Amps,_
Ea
$3 95 multiple- socket tube tester, a CRT ORDER TODAY or WRITE for LITERATURE
Welt. for quantity price. tester -reactivator, as well as a volt- KUHN ELECTRONICS
10 GLENWOOD CINCINNATI 17, OHIO
CHOKE -FULLY CASED
5 HENRY 200 Ma
250 Ma
HENRY
ar 1.95
2.25
5
.12 HY (Swinging) C. 300 MA 3 95
3.95
4 HENRY 400 M,1
12 HENRY 500 Mil 8.95
HENRY 900 Mli
6 HENRY 800 Mil
12.95
6.95 ELECTRONICS
BRAND NEW OIL CONDENSERS PREPARE FOR A GOOD JOB!
MFD VIIC .80 MFD 2000 VDC 3.50
3
MFO
01111
,'.1111 VDC .75 MFO 20(10 VDC .95 BROADCAST ENGINEER
S MFD 0011 VDC .80 MCC 2000 VDC 5.95
6 MFD 6011 VDC .85 MCD 2500 VDC 2.50 RADIO SERVICING AUTOMATION
8 MCD 000 VDC .95 MCD 3000 VDC 1.83
10 MCD 0(11) VDC 1.19 MFD 3000 VDC 3.50 TELEVISION SERVICING
12 MCD non VIOC 1.50 MFD 4000 VDC 3.25
15 MCD 01111 VDC 1.70 MCD 4000 VDC
VDC
6.23
.95 BLACK B WHITE -COLOR
3a8 (24 MCD) MCD 4000
800 VDC..... 2.50 MFD 40011 12.95
' 39.50
I MFO 1000 VDC .80 1 MCD 5111)11 APPROVED FOR VETERANS AND SURVIVORS
2 MFD 1000 VIOC .85 MFD 7500 VDC 2.95 OF VETERANS
4 MCD 10(10 VDC 1.35 MCD 7500 VDC 6.95
8 MFD 1000 VDC 1.95 MFD 7500 17.95 BUILDING AIR CONDITIONED
10 MCD 1000 VDC 2.50 MFD 10.0(,0' 29.95 SEND FOR FREE LITERATURE
12 MFD 10011 VIIC 2.95 MCD 12.501) - 19.95
15 MFD 1000 VDC 3.50 MCD 12.500' 34.50 BALTIMORE TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
1 MFD 1200 VDC .45 MCD 15.000 " 2.50
I MCD 1500 VDC .75 MFD 25.000' 34.95 1425 EUTAW PLACE, BALTIMORE 17, MD.
2 MCD 1500 CDC 1.10 MFD 25.000' 69.95
MCD 1500 VDC 1.95 1 MFD 130 AC. 1.95
8 MFD
1 MCD
1500 VDC
2000 VDC
2.93
.95
2 MCD
MFD
:1:311 AC.
060 AC. 2.95
000 VIOC .SO
2.95
ohmmeter (20,000 ohms per volt). The
2 MCD 2000 1.50 MCD
VIOC
tube tester checks emission of over 700 CITIZEN BAND KIT Citizen
SALE!
GUARDIAN
RELAYS
Throw [.2
tube types, checks for interelement We're closing nut our large stock of
Band
N.O.16N 1' NOC.)A Rpi. 6C -6101. 50 shorts and leakage, checks for gas con- Transceiver Kits. These were nationally advertised
at $39.95. All Kits complete with cabinet, tubes.
24V. AC PDT ea. $1.85 tent, and each section of multipurpose parts. crystals FCC form, Instructions, less mike.
All
ALLIED 110V. AC PDT Ea. $2.15 tubes. 110sVOLT TRANSCEIVER KITS $19.95
Potte.Bruu .held SMSIS 5000 ohm.
a Ea. 82.25 The CRT-tester -reactivator tests the 12 VOLT TRANSCEIVER KITS 22.95
Hermetically sealed Relay Coll 110V AC C 22.95
60 cy SPDT Con Amp, e J 1 ,5 n quality of every black- and -white or col- 6 VOLT TRANSCEIVER KITS
Famous Make CITIZEN BAND XMTG CRYSTALS $1.99
6 Volt DC OPDT N.S. pa. 99c or picture tube (including 110-degree Send for our Citizen Band Sale Flyer. Loads of
12 Volt DPDT DC Relay $1.35 tubes) from 8" to 30". It will test each Values! Sorry, no C.O.D.'s. Incl. Postage. Shpg.
Weight-15 1hs.
SIGMA type 22810 6,000 ohm
SPOT, small sealed relay
S2 49
JL color gun separately as well as for in- GROVE ELECTRONICS, Dept. EW
Sealed Relay. SPOT, 6,000 ohm
JJ
$1.95 terelement shorts and leakage up to 407$ Milwaukee Ave. Chicago 41, Illinois

************
on
Relay 1 megohm. There is a separate short
.lay. itcontrol. m`leIO ter 5o25 $1.1 O
SIGMA 5F- 16.000 ohm SPDT, operates $3.95 test provided for each element in the
on SOO Microamperes or less ea
picture tube. Reactivation is seen and KEEP CANDEE HANDEE!
PANEL METERS controlled on the meter as it takes *
STANDARD BRANDS 3" METERS place, eliminating the danger of strip- Bargain-filled
Summer Flyer!
0 -1
0
11/2" METERS
Mil
-100 Micro
2 95
3 95
100 -0-100 Micro Amps
DC
0 -1 Ml)
O -10 Mil.
0.100 Mils DC
DC
DC
5.95
395
395
3.9S
ping the cathode of the oxide coating.
The unit comes in a hand -rubbed oak
4F
fREE Get your copy today!

2" METERS 0.150 Mils DC 3.95 carrying case with detachable cover. It J. J. CANDEE CO.
100.0 -100 M,cro..3.95 0.500 V. DC
0.1 Amp RF 50
3 95
measures 17%"x13 % "x41/1 ". * 509 N. Victory Blvd.. Burbank, Calif.
0.50 Micro 104 0 -15 Amp. Rí .50
cale) 95 0 -12 Volts AC 3.93
0 -10 Ampe DC ...2.9E 0 -15 Volt. AC 3.93
0 -20 Volts DC... 2.95 REED Freq. Meter PROXIMITY PICKUP
16.36 Volts DC...1.99
0.150 V. AC 3 49
-110V. AC. 57-
83 cy 9 95 Electro Products Laboratories, 4500 ENGINEERING DEGREES
MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALS
N. Ravenswood Ave., Chicago 40, Ill.
has announced a new miniature pickup `-' `
/ E.E. Option Electronics or Power
Civil, Mechanical, Physics.
JOHNSON Var. Cond. 250 MMF
3500 V.
sat50
$f1
SPERTI Vacuum Switch used in ART13 ea. $1.5.
f for use as a sensing unit in proximity Also in Liberal Arts
36 OHM 50 Watt °bear Non.Ind.R.s. .606 Earned through Home Study
3 -12 MMi Erie Ceramic Trimmer
3 for 9 .00
ale
control systems. Jily
FULL WAVE SELENIUM RECTIFIERS -20 Plates
per section- Output 320V. a Amps. $4.95
Designated as model 4912 -AN, this PACIFIC Pacific International
College of Arts & Sciences
Ea
MAGNETIC PICK-U TOOL gets Nub, Bolts, Tacks.
unit is reported to detect metal parts C A s Primarily Correspondence School
etc. out of difficult places.
Each ..
CUTLER-HAMMER TOGGLE SWITCH
i
9D having a diameter of less than Mo inch
whether they are stationary or moving 5719 -R Santa
Resident classes also available
Monica Blvd.. Hollywood 38, Calif.

RENT
290
..... patc
SPOT 55T201 for $1.00
lsc`a e Epd. á
r
CELL-2V. y Amp
ea.
$2 50 past the pickup at a rate of 60,000 per
Write for quantify prices on all special Item. minute. Additional information may be
obtained from the manufacturer.
All merchandise sold on a 10 day money hack guarantee
stereo tapes
PEAK
'n.,. Order 53.00 -25°8 with Order-F.O.B New York
ANTENNA FOR MARINE CB
Mark Mobile Inc., 5441 Fargo Ave., OVER 1500 DIFFERENT ALBUMS
AID
Skokie, Ill. has developed a new an- POSTPAID TO FROM YOUR NOME

E LE C T R O N I C S C O M P A N Y
tenna which has been specifically de- FOR
FREE BROCHURE
I stereo-parti
66 W. Broadway, New York 7, N. Y., WO -2 -2370
signed for class D marine CB use. 8L1.eC CENTINELA AVE.. INGLEW00D 3, CALIF.

138 ELECTRONICS WORLD

 The "Heliwhip" antenna, Type HW-
11-6M, has been engineered for boats We'd like to send you these
made of fiber glass or wood where a
conventional quarter-wave type of an- important new books for a
7 -day free trial examination
tenna would otherwise require radial
wires or a large metal surface.
The HW-11 -6M is 6 feet long and
operates in half -wave resonance, with
a unique impedance launcher- matcher Class D CITIZENS RADIO by Leo G. Sands
cable section. It can be mounted vir-
tually anywhere that is convenient and Here is the first complete book on Citizens Radio Operation. Ever Class D
may be connected by any length of 50- since the initial use of 2 -way radiotelephone by police departments,
CITIZENS
ohm coax to the transceiver equipment. this field has been growing in importance and application. Now, with
Write the manufacturer for a four - more than a million vehicles equipped for its use, Citizens Radio is a RADIO
major phase of the electronics field. This important new volume cov-
page spec sheet on this and other CB ers every aspect of the field -its history, rules, and everything about
antennas in the line. how it works -in seven big chapters with one hundred major sections.
You'll learn exactly what Citizens Radio is, its applications, what
CB CRYSTAL METER equipment you need, the full story on receiver circuits and transmit-
Seco Electronics Incorporated, 5015 ters, antennas, installation, and maintenance, full FCC rulings, how
Penn Ave., So., Minneapolis, Minn., is to apply for licenses, etc. Many illustrations. $4,95
now offering a
compact tester
designed especi-
ally for use with COMPUTERS AND HOW THEY WORK
class D CB and by James D. Fahnestock
other crystal
controlled two - Here is a factfilled exciting guidebook to the wonderworld of elec-
tronic computers, with more than 110 illustrations and easy -to- follow
way radio equip- tables in 10 big chapters. Step by step, you'll see and understand
ment. the workings of many types of computing machines. This important
The Model 500 new book illustrates the basic principles of computers in methods
CB test set is said that require no knowledge of electronics. You'll learn all about com-
to cut servicing puter memories, flip -flops and the binary counting system. You'll
and installation time and be capable of learn the mathematical language of computers where 1 + 1 = 10.
handling both transmitters and receiv- Other chapters show you how computers use tubes and transistors to
ers. It will check crystal activity on make complex logical decisions in thousandths of a second. COM-
third-overtone transmitter crystals PUTERS AND How THEY WORK is must reading for Career minded
with a visual indication on a separate students and for electronics pros who want a more complete knowl-
edge of this field.
output meter scale, and check funda- $4.95
mental types and third -overtone re-
ceiver crystals at the fundamental
frequency. THE ELECT e
0eIM ' S
Completely self- contained and port- MANUAL by David A. Findlay
able, the Model 500 is powered by a
1.5 -volt "C" battery. It measures 214" With a few dollars worth of basic tools, and this book to guide
x31% "x61/4" and is fully transistorized. you, you can explore the magic of electronics experimentation
It comes complete with 15 -foot remote more completely than ever before. In a few short hours, you'll
start your first project. You'll learn about every component used
cable and "C" battery. M experimentation, every tool, its function and why it is used.
There are 8 big sections, each covering a specific phase of c -n-
6 -METER MOBILE TRANSCEIVER struction. There is a giant section of projects you can build, test
Globe Electronics, Inc., 22 -30 South equipment you'll construct and use in your future work. THE
34th Street, Council Bluffs, Iowa is now ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S MANUAL will give you the pro-
marketing a new mobile 6-meter trans- fessional know -how you must have no matter what phase of
ceiver which has been tradenamed the electronics is your specialty. $4.95
"Mobiline Six."
This compact transmitter and re-
ceiver can be adapted for either fixed 7 -DAY FREE EXAMINATION
or mobile applications, operating from
-..-, When your books arrive, read and enjoy their diversity of contents, their thoroughness
of coverage. Then after seven days examination, if you decide that they are not every-
thing you want, send them back and receive a complete refund of the purchase price.
USE THIS CERTIFICATE FOR 7 DAY FREE EXAMINATION

ELECTRONICS BOOK SERVICE

One Park A , New York 16. N. Y.
115 volts a.c., 12 volts d.c., or 6 volts Please send me copies of CITIZENS RADIO and bill me at only
d.c., all with the power supply provided. 54.95 a copy plus postage and handling.
The unit weighs only 20 pounds and Please send me copies of COMPUTERS AND HOW THEY WORK, and bill me at
only $4.95 a copy plus postage and handling.
measures 5 "x12 "x12 ". Please send me copies of THE ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S MANUAL and
The receiver portion uses seven bill me at only $4.95 a copy plus postage and handling.
-

tubes, including an r.f. stage delivering If I don't agree that this is one of the best electronics investments I've ever made, I may return
better than 1 -0v. sensitivity. A squelch the book(s) within seven days and get a full refund.
enclosed. (SAVE MONEY! Enclose payment with your order and we'll pay
control is also provided. The transmit- S
-
the postage.)
ter section features internal v.f.o. which
Name
is voltage- regulated and shock-mounted
to provide maximum stability under Address
mobile conditions. The 2E26 final am- City Zone State
plifier stage is conservatively rated at sos
20 watts input power. Other features
September, 1960 139
 include v.f.o. or crystal control, an "S"
SURPLUS meter, tuning meter, slide-rule dials,
v.f.o. spotting, and class B modulation.
at New Low Prices!

p NEW TRIPLETT OHMMETER

CALENDAR T1
I
The Triplett Electrical Instrument
ó Company of Bluffton, Ohio has intro-
19

duced a new gen-

eral- purpose of EVENTS 26

:11 ohmmeter with

ranges to 20 meg-
ohms. SEPTEMBER 7 -9
A C
Designed for in- First Joint Automatic Control Confer-
(A) NIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMITTER
Type ('AA 522:11,, Frequency Range :101111 t
dustrial,labora- ence. Sponsored by ISA, AIChE, AIEE,
18.000 ECS. Input volts OC: 12. 2.000. .',o, tory and general ASME, IRE. Massachusetts Institute of
Amperes: 0. 0.175. 0.2. A unit of t,, l..I Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Contact
TIM 4 dio monument. Mfr. westincrtn..1
Electric d MIR. Co. MGT. 50 lbs..
service use, the Dr. James Mozley, Johns Hopkins Univer-
Excellent Cont. $12,95 Model 309 fea- sity, Baltimore, Md., for details.
(B) LOW FREQUENCY TRANSMITTER tures a handy
TRW Type (:AY 52238. Input volt T
15 volt AC. 550)1 -200 volt DC. Mf1'. selector switch SEPTEMBER 7.11
ingholue Electric a Mfg. Co.
.11 IL... Excellent Conn
VGT.
J,l
$9195
.,llJ which provides a 1960 New York High Fidelity Show.
(C) POWER SUPPLY FOR ABOVE
choice of five Sponsored by Institute of High Fidelity
TRANSMITTERS ranges; 0 -2000 ohms; 0- 20,000 ohms; Manufacturers, Inc. New York Trade
w1Pr. .t11 1.1,... Excellent $1195 0- 200,000 ohms; 0-2 megohms; and 0 -20 Show Building, N.Y.C. Open to public:
Cond.
megohms. Adults, $1.00; children under 12, 50
CABLE FOR ABOVE
Ea. G' 1500 The tester. which measures 23/4"x cents.
TRANSMITTERS -
,D

41/4"x1 .; ". fits easily into the palm of

SEPTEMBER 11 -17
WATER PROOF SPEAKERS the hand. A back- mounted elastic strap Reliability Training Conference. Spon-
p'. Duty. All New OutdoorPermanent slips over the hand and anchors the sored by IRE and American Society for
I
Magnet Speakers, with Universal
Output Transformer. Voice Imp.
tester securely in the palm. The Model Quality Control. Dallas -Ft. Worth, Tex.
6 Walls; 11.40 Ohms. 103., Dia. 309 has a control knob on the side of Contact Henry Schifflett, Texas Inst., Box
8 3/16 Deep. Weight, in original
Cases -23 Iba. the case to compensate for variations 3 -12, Dallas, Texas.
Our Low Pelee Ea, I2.95 in battery voltages. -30-
SEPTEMBER 14-15
TELESCOPIC AND ANTENNA MASTS Fourth Annual Joint Military-Industrial
Citizen Y,r Electronic Test Equipment Symposium.
; Ama-
teur and FM
Tele-
H'
INVITATION Sponsored by Office of Director of De-
vision, etc. Made of Heavy Duly Aluminum in 14
Fane 10 Inch Sections. Diam. 2 Inches. Weight TO AUTHORS fense Research and Engineering and
each section Ix apl.r. 3 Lbs. Make the Mast as
igh as interdits the other. Dept. of Army Signal Corps. Armour
h4 you wish as each section reminder, the Editors of ELEC-
Just as a Research Foundation, Chicago. Inquiries
All New TRONICS WORLD are always interested in ob- should be addressed to R. Brausch, con-
taining outstanding manuscripts, for publi- ference secretary, Armour Research
RECORDING BLANKS Foundation, 10 W. 35th St., Chicago 16,
10" Recording Iilanks. Make your wn Recordings. cation in this magazine, covering the fields III.
Aluminum base. Lacquered both sides. pro-
fesslonal quality- All New Stock Ea. 596 of audio and high -fidelity and radio -TV-
Package of 10 $3.50 industrial servicing. Articles in manuscript
Package of 100 $30.00 SEPTEMBER 15-17
form may be submitted for immediate de- Upper Midwest Electronic Conference.
DIAL TELEPHONES cision and projected articles can be out- Minneapolis Auditorium, Minneapolis.
French type phone made by Conn. Tel. & Tel. Can lined in a letter in which case the writer Open to purchasing agents, engineers,
be used for standard extension phone.
O 11h Dial, Excellent Cond. Oct. 7 Iba. Ea. 64.95 distributors, factory reps, and manufac-
will be advised promptly as to the suitabil-
turers. Write the conference at 1915
ity of the topic. We can also use short Hiawatha Ave., Minneapolis.
RESET COUNTERS
Unit Counter. changes by one digit. Re- "filler" items outlining worthwhile shortcuts
set: Oli11 to lllro. Ideal fartcounting turns
when winding Colla. Transmitters and
when that have made your servicing chores SEPTEMBER 19 -21
Counting Work. Size is
small. 11/4" x . X I "....
$259
Ea. *SONY easier. This magazine pays for articles on 1960 National Symposium on Space Elec-
acceptance. Send all manuscripts or your tronics and Telemetry. Sponsored by
REVERSIBLE MOTOR PGSET of IRE. Shoreham Hotel, Wash-
letters of suggestion to the Editor, ELEC-
1'40 H. P. Ball -bearing 3450 ington, D. C.
RI'M in Blast -proof case. Needs TRONICS WORLD, One Park Avenue, New
only a capacitor for starting. All
(tra,,,I \ I
Special Low Price.
1
e., Ito t'Y. York City 16, New York. SEPTEMBER 23-25
E. $2.95
Starting Capacltor....30.4e Ea. Ninth Annual Chicago High Fidelity Show.
tvGT. Approx. e Lbs.
Sponsored by International Sight and
Answer to Puzzle Sound Exposition, Inc. Palmer House.
FIELD PHONES Appearing on page 103
Type F.F. -S. Magneto Ringer Phones.
Use 2 Flnshlite Batts. for Power.
Operate over wire. Approx. 2 Miles. 8 L F A R M S T R O N G I'IIDT11 CREDIT!:
Excellent Condition. la1C Credit
.7 LL 11 s00 E D S 0 N 0 H A Page
PMr I

L 39 Hughes Aircraft Co.

L G U F U X M U
40 (top) Stromberg- Carlson
SURPLUS METER SPECIALS L H E R T Z N F S 40 (center), 46 General Electric Co.
Miniature Meter. O to 1 Ma. tic Ea. S2.50 40 (bottom) RCA
2 In. O tu AC Amp. Meters
1 F. 2.50 V T I A U D I O N S
2 In. 0 to 15 volt Meters- non -ROO -Cy Fa. 1.50 41 (top) Sylvania Electric Co. Inc.
2 In. O to 120 Decibel Meters F 2.50 L E N Z R
41 (center) Raytheon Co.
2 In. Dual Scale-0 to 50-0 to 100 MA
DC Ea. 2.50 M M F R W H E N R Y (bottom left) Minneapolis- Honeywell
3 In. 0 to 50 MA. DC Meter tl. 2.95
41
IBM
3 In. O to 1(10 Ma DC. Meter Fa,. 2.95 A L V O L T A S A 41 (bottom right)
3 In. O to 200 MA. DH' Meters E:,. 2.95 Beckman Instruments Inc.
., In. O to 200 Microanlp. Meters... 1... 4.95 44, 45, 130
X E R M I T G
51 Burroughs Corp.
Soo our previous ad for Special Surplus hems. W A T T Y P R I
58, 60 Federal Aviation Agency
All prises F.O.B. S. F., Calif. Calif. orders add K E D W N 64, 65 Motorola Inc.
3% Tait. No COD's. Remit Full Amount with E C G R I

All Orders. R W 68 Simpson Electric Co.

L H I G
108 H H. Scott, Inc.
STANDARD SURPLUS L E E N R E A C H

T
A

Q
109
110
Audax, Inc.
Homewood Industries, Inc.
R A Y S A
1230 Market St., San Francisco 3, Calif. 112 Bendix Radio
Telephone HEmlock 1 -3106 D E A S A B I N E T E

140 ELECTRONICS WORLD

 ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE
RATE: SOC per word. Minimum 10 words. November issue closes September 9th. Send order and remittance to ELECTRONICS WORLD. One Park Ave., N. Y. C. 16, N. Y.

WANTED: Cash Paid! Sell your surplus electronic TAPE Recorders, HI -FI Components. Sleep Learning
tubes. Want unused, Clean radio and TV receiving, Kits, Tapes. Unusual Values. Free Catalog. Dressner,
transmitting special purpose, Magnetrons, Klystrons, 69.02R 174 St.. Flushing 65, N. Y.
broadcast types. Want military and commercial lab/ HI -FI Components -Tape Recorders. All brands in stock
FOR SALE test equipment such as G.R.H.P., AN. UPM prefix.
at "We Will Not Be Undersold Prices." Quotations.
Also want commercial Ham Receivers and Transmit-
ters. For a Fair Deal write: Barry Electronics Corp., Free Wholesale Catalog return mail. Hi- Fidelity Cen-
512 Broadway, New York 12, N. Y. (Walker 5- 7000.) ter, 1797NC First Avenue, New York 28. N. Y.
SELF -hypnosis tape. New! Free literature. McKinley -
RADIO and Television tubes, brand new, 1st quality, Smith Co.. Dept. 16, Bos 3038, San Bernardino, Calif.
original boxed name brands only. Discounts up to
662/3% off list. Positively no seconds. Send for free
price schedule. Edison Tube Co., Menlo Park, N. J.
RADIO ENGINEERING
RADIO & TV Tubes at Manufacturer's prices! 100%
Guaranteed! Brand New! No re- brands or pulls! United & INSTRUCTION SHOPPING GUIDE
Radio, Box 1000W. Newark, N. J.
DIAGRAMS for repairing radios $1.00.
$2.00. Give make, model.
Television
Diagram Service, Box
ELECTRONICS! Associate degree-29 months. Tech-
nicians. field engineers, specialists in communica-
Classified
672 -RN. Hartford 1, Conn. tions, missiles, computers, radar, automation. Start
September, February. Valparaiso Technical Institute, HANDY GUIDE TO PRODUCTS, NOT NECESSARILY
TUBES -T.V. and Radio tubes, Guaranteed-Save up Dept. N. Valparaiso, Indiana.
A
to 80': -Write: Emkay Electronics, P. 0. Box 142, ELECTRONIC, BUT OF WIDE GENERAL INTEREST.
Blythebourne Station, Brooklyn 19, N. Y. ENGINEERING and Art Degrees earned through home
study. Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil,
SOMETHING for sale? Place a classified ad in this Physics, Business Administration, Accounting, Liberal
section. Low -cost, fast results. It's easy. Arts. When writing, specify course desired. Pa- PHOTOGRAPHY -FILM,
GOVERNMENT sells: Surplus Electronics; Test Equip- cific International College of Arts & Sciences, primarily
ment; Oscilloscopes; Transceivers; Jeeps; Boats; Air. a correspondence school. Resident classes also car- EQUIPMENT, SERVICES
ried. 5719 -C Santa Monica Boulevard, Hollywood 38.
crafts; Misc.- -Send for U. S. Depot Directory & Pro-
cedure $1.25 -"Brody Surplus," Box 425 -RT, California.
Nanuet, N. Y. USED Correspondence Courses and Books sold and WHATEVER your needs, Electronics World classified
rented. Money back guarantee. Catalog Free. can solve them. Simply place an ad in these columns
AUTO Radio Distributor Selling Servicing Becker Blau.
punkt, FM -AM, other European, American Sets. Save
30% + Square Electronics, 150 -60 Northern
Flushing, N. Y.
Blvd.,
(Courses Bought).
HIGHLY
Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Alabama.
effective home -study review for FCC com-
mercial phone exams. Free literature. Wallace Cook
and watch your results pour in.
OPTICAL -
Science -
Math Bargains -
Request Free
Giant Catalog "CJ" -128 pages- Astronomical Tele-
(EW9), Box 10634, Jackson 9, Miss. scopes, Microscopes, Lenses, Binoculars, Kits, Parts.
GOVERNMENT Surplus Receivers, Transmitters, Snoop Amazing war surplus bargains. Edmund Scientific Co.,
erscopes, Parabolic Reflectors, Picture Catalog 101. USED correspondence courses. books bought, sold, Barrington, New Jersey.
Meshna, Malden 48. Mass. rented, catalog free, Vernon Summerville, Ga. (1)

TUBES -TV, Radio, Transmitting and Industrial Types

at Sensibly Low Prices. New Guaranteed, 1st Quality,
Top Name Brands Only. Write for Free Catalog or Call
Walker 5 -7000, Barry Electronics Corp., 512 Broadway, HIGH -FIDELITY STAMPS & COINS
New York 12N, N. Y.
REMOTE control for Citizen Band Units. Write Manu-
facturer Frontier Electronics Orr, Minnesota. TERRIFIC Stamp Bargain! Israel -Iceland -Vatican
RADIO & TV Tubes at Manufacturer's prices! 100%
Assortment -plus exotic triangle set-also fabulous
British Colonial Accumulation -Plus large stamp
Guaranteed! Brand New! No re- brands or pulls! United INDUCTORS for Crossover Networks. 118 types In book-All four offers free -Send 101 to cover postage.
Radio, Box 1000 -W, Newark, N. J.
TV & Radio Tubes -all top name brands -R.C.A. etc
60-10-5%, full replacements-regular boxed -No Job
- stock. Send for brochure.
Ave.. N.W., Huntsville, Ala.
RECORDERS.
C & M Coils, 3016 Holmes

Components. Free Wholesale Catalogue.

Empire Stamp Corp., Dept. Z2, Toronto, Canada.
WRITE Martin Lincoln, Electronics World, One Park
Avenue, New York 16, N. Y., for Information on how
lots or closeouts. (Representatives wanted for all Carston, 125 -R East 88, N.Y.C. 28. to place a classified ad in this section.
states.) Radio Tube Specialists, 397.7 Ave. Bklyn. 15, PRICES? The Best! Factory- sealed Hi-Fi Components?
N. Y.
Yes! Send for free catalog. Audion, 251 Oxford Road,
TV, radio tubes, top name brands, manufacturer's Massapequa, N. Y.
boxes, new, first quality, Guaranteed, no rejects, ter- DISGUSTED with "HI" HI -Fi Prices? Unusual Dis-
rific discounts on other good buys. Teletube Supply counts On Your High Fidelity Requirements. Write. MUSIC
Co., 159 Western Promenade, Cranston, Rhode Island. Key Electronics. 120 Liberty St., New York 6, N. Y.
55ADP 7" PPI. 28 tubes, 110 volts, 60 cycles. $14.95. Cloverdale 8 -4288.
Write for catalog. Downs, 906 Allendale, Baltimore, NEW matching Hi Fi, FM Tuner and 8 watt Stereo
Maryland. amplifier. Value $75, Factory Sale $16.96 each, guar- into Dollars! Share 33 million dollars yearly
SONGS
REMOTE indicating Anemometer kit. Wind speeds up anteed. Capri Electronics, 3118 W. 48th, Los Angeles for New Songwriters, songpoets. Any subject, songs
43, Calif. Dept. 23. composed. Published, promoted by largest firm. In-
to 100 miles per hour. Long life ball bearing gen-
erator. Finest D'Arsonval meter. Aluminum construc- formation, appraisal Free. Send Nordike Music Pub-
tion. No batteries required. $24.95. Dyno-Speed In- lishers, 6000 Sunset, Hollywood 283, California.
strument Company, P.O. Box 47, Lakewood, New
Jersey. LA 6 -8187.
130 Photofact's six binders $145; Battery Eliminator
TAPE & RECORDERS
Capacitor Tester, Oscilloscope, Alignment Generator
$20 each. Norelco Projection unit, Tube Tester, HELP WANTED
Boosters, distribution Amplifiers. Shaw, Box 1171,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. RENT Stereo Tapes -over 1,500 different -all
major
labels-free catalog. Stereo -Parti, 811 -L, Centinela
Ave., Inglewood 3, California. HIGH Pay Overseas, Domestic Jobs. Men, Women.
OVER 245,000 buyers and sellers will read your ad Generous Benefits. Companies Pay Transportation.
when placed in this space. It costs only 601 per For info, write: World Wide, Dept. E2, 149 N. Franklin
word; minimum of 10 words Including your name and St., Hempstead, N. Y.
WANTED address. OVERSEAS Employment. American Firms and United
AMPEX. Concertone, Magnecord, Presto, Bogen, States Government. Comprehensive job information
Tandberg, Pentron, Sherwood. Rek- O -Kut, Scott, Shure, $2.00. Foreign Opportunities, Box 172, Columbus 16,
Dynakit, others, Trades. Boynton Studio, Dept. RT, Ohio.
CASH for used Short -Wave Ham Receivers, Transmit- 10 Pennsylvania Ave., Tuckahoe, N. Y. EARN Extra money selling advertising book matches.
ters and Accessories. Tregor, W91V1, 2023 N. Harlem Free Samples furnished. Matchcorp, Dept. MD -90,
Ave., Chicago 35C, TUxedo 9 -6429. RECORDING TAPE 1800' Mylar $1.89, 10 for $18.00;
2400' Mylar $2.95, 10 for $27.50. First quality, splice - Chicago 32, III.
WANTED: Military and Commercial laboratory test free, brand new, manufactured by one of the top
instruments, communications and broadcast equip- four U.S. tape companies. Absolutely uniform fre-
ment, tubes, etc. Electronicraft, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. quency response. G.E. VR II 3 -play diamond cartridges
$9.95 (reg. $19.95). ESL arms $26.75 (reg. $34.95).
WANT to buy good equipment and accessories? Place
a low -cost classified ad In this space.
Wollensak 1515-4's $159.95. Free stereo cartridge BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
(your choice to $25.00) with the purchase of any
SURPLUS measurement model 78 or 80 signal genera- changer and base. Many more bargains, write for cat-
tors. Also Federal 804 or -122 or used Motorola two -
1
alog. All items unconditionally guaranteed. The Sound
Room, 7959 Melrose Ave., Los Angeles 46, California.
way equipment. State quantity, price, and condition $$$ Sparetime with your recorder-Audio Greeting
Communications Service, Inc., 3209 Canton Street, LOW Quotes on everything HiFi & Stereo Tapes. Bar- Cards -Details free. Audiographic Laboratories, 2913
Dallas, Texas. gain Lists. HiFi, Dept. E4, Roslyn, Pa. Santa Fe, Independence, Missouri.
September, 1960 141
MAKE $25 -$50 Week. clipping newspaper items for
publishers. Some clippings worth $5.00 each. Par-
ticulars free. National, 81 -DG, Knickerbocker Station,
New York.
INDEX SEPTEMBER
1960
RADIO Parts Stores & Hi -Fi Salons: Someone "borrow-
ing" your personal copy of Popular Electronics each
OF
month, You ought to be taking advantage of Popular
Electronics' convenient re-sale plan. Sell copies in ADVERTISER PAGE NO. ADVERTISER PAGE NO.
your store perform a good service for your cus-
tomers ... .

with no risk involved. For details, write:

Advance Electronics 136 Lafayette Radio 84, 85
Direct Sales Department. Popular Electronics, One
Park Avenue, New York 16, New York.
Airex Radio Corporation 77 Lakeland Electronics, Inc. 95
Aiwa Co. Ltd. 22 Lampkin Laboratories, Inc 131
Allied Radio . 7, 28, 29, 95 Lektron 127
Ashe Radio Co., Walter 129
MISCELLANEOUS McNeal Electric & Equipment Co 132
Audio Unlimited 130
Mark Mobile, Inc. 90
Audion .. 130
Milwaukee School of Engineering I I5
"WINEMAKING," "Beer, Ate Brewing." "Cider." Manufacturing Co.
& K 71
Methods, Illustrated. $3.00. Eaton Books, Box 1242 -X,
B
Moss Electronic, Inc. 20, 21
Santa Rosa, California. Baltimore Technical Institute 138 Multi- Products Company 93
KEY Chains, personalized ashtrays, smoke sets. Use-
Barry Electronics Corp. 136
ful novelties for home, office and gifts. Inexpensive Bell Telephone Laboratories 9 National Radio Institute 17, 18, 127
items. Send IOC for illustrated brochure. House of
Brand, Dept. EW -4, 3458 Fish Avenue, New York 69, Biggs Associates, Inc. 95 National Technical Schools 5
N. Y.
Blonder- Tongue Laboratories, Inc 4 North American Philips Co., Inc 109
BUSINESS Cards $3.75 Thousand. Postpaid, Free
Samples. Imagination, Box 761, Hollywood 28, Calif. Cadisco 131 Oelrich Publications 137

SKYSCRAPER -Heel Shoes, Wasp -waisted Corsets! Photo Cadre Industries Corporation 96 Ohmatsu Electric Co., Ltd 92
Catalogs, $2.00. Finecraft, Box 442 -P, Hollywood 28, Canadian Institute of Science & Olson Radio Corporation 133
California.
Technology Limited 104
FREE! New 1960 Catalog of all Photographic Books
Candee Co., J. J 138 Pacific International College of
available. For your copy, send postcard with name Arts & Sciences.. 138
and address to Catalog, Popular Photography Book Capitol Radio Engineering Institute,
Service, One Park Ave., New York 16, N. Y. The 98, 99, 100, 101 Peak Electronics Company 138

CONTRACT Work Wanted: Plastics Compression Molder Carston Studios 130 Pearce -Simpson, Inc 10
with excess capacity desires contract work. Battery
of 150 and 200 Ton Stokes presses. Metropolitan New Center Electronics Co., Inc. 134 Picture Tube Outlet 135
York City area. Write Box 572, Electronics World, One Polytronics Lab Inc. 30
Park Ave., New York 16, New York.
Champion DeArment Tool Company.. 112
Channel Master 8
RCA Institute, Inc 116, 117, 118, 119
RUBBER stamps for home or office. 3 line personal-
ized stamps $1.65. Special rates on stock stamps. Chickasha Electronics, Inc 137
R W Electronics 129
Precision Industries, 262 Farmers Ave., Lindenhurst, Cleveland Institute of Electronics 27
N. Y. Red -Tel Tube Co. 89
Columbia Electronics 126
Radio Corporation of America
Columbia Products Company 130 FOURTH COVER
Commissioned Electronics Co 121
Radio Shack Corp 104
Coyne Electrical School 91, 137
Radio- Television Training School II
YOUR COPIES OF DeVry Technical Institute 3 Rek -O -Kut Company, Inc 75
Dressner 134 Rohn Manufacturing Company I

ELECTRONICS r- Dynaco, Inc 6 72

Sams & Co., Inc., Howard W 106, 107
Wows.w
EICO 33, 34, 102 Sarkes Tarzian Inc. 105
ARE VALUABLE! Electro- Voice, Inc. 19 Schober Organ Corporation, The 77
Electronic Chemical Corp . 104 Seco Electronics, Inc 121
Electrophono & Parts Corp. ..... 133 Seg Electronics 135
Electronics Book Service 24, 25, 139 Sherwood Electronics Laboratories, Inc 122
Fair Radio Sales 124 Sprague Products Company 16

Fidelitone 76 Sonar Electronic Tube Co. 103

Keep them neat ... G & G Radio Supply Co

Globe Electronics, A Division of Textron
97
Standard Surplus
Stereo -Parti
140
138

clean . . . ready for Electronics, Inc. 88

Stern Co., H. D
Superscope, Inc.
130
74
instant reference! Goodheart Co., R E
Grantham School of Electronics
1 1

13
1

Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. 32

SECOND COVER
Now you can keep a year's copies of Grove Electronics 138
ELECTRONICS WORLD in a rich -looking TV Servicing Systems 134
leatherette file that makes it easy to lo- Heath Company 78, 79, 80, 81
cate any issue for ready reference. Telson Electronic Products, Inc. 131
Specially designed for ELECTRONICS Henshaw Radio Supply 134
WORLD, this handy file -with its distinc- Terado Company 135
tive, washable Kivar cover and 16-carat Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.... 92, 134
120
Texas Crystals
gold leaf lettering -not only looks good Homewood Industries, Inc 132
but keeps every issue neatr clean and Thorens 12
orderly. Hy -gain Antenna Products 82
130
Tri -State College
So don't risk tearing and soiling your
copies of ELECTRONICS WORLD-always Indiana Home Study Institute, The 133 Triplett Electrical Instrument Company
a ready source of valuable information. Indiana Technical College 129 THIRD COVER
Order several of these ELECTRONICS Tru -Vac 113
WORLD volume files today, They are International Crystal Mfg. Co., Inc 31
$2.50 each, postpaid -3 for $7.00, or 6 for International Electronics Corp. 108
$13.00. Satisfaction guaranteed, or your University Loudspeakers, Inc 26
money back. International Radio & Electronics Corp. 77 Utah Radio & Electronic Corp 87
(Be sure to specify whether you want let-
tering to be Electronics World or its for- Jensen Manufacturing Company 86
Valparaiso Technical Institute 121
mer title, Radio & TV News.) Jerrold Electronics Corporation 14
Van Nostrand Company, Inc., D. 94
Order direct from: Johnson Company, E F 91
Vocaline Company of America 73
JESSE JONES BOX CORP. 135
Key Electronics Co
Dept. EW Windsor Electronics 127
Koss Inc. 110
(Established 1843) Kuhn Electronics 138 Xcelite, Inc. 128
Box 5120, Philadelphia 41, Pa.

X42 PRINTED IN U.B.A. ELECTRONICS WORLD

.r.....aafü, BAR -RING TYPE MOVEMENTS (Exclusively Triplett)

o ®.,. Self Shielded

Not affected by magnetic panels or substantially
by stray magnetic fields.
More Torque
Lower Terminal Resistance
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;
Exceedingly Rugged and Accurate
Ì' i
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ALNICO
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01110141. MOLO1 CM

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TRIPLETT -For over 56

years, a leader in the
field of meter and test
equipment design and
manufacture.

TRIPLETT offers a complete line of:

Panel Instruments

Portable Instruments
Test Equipment: Radio, TV,
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All standard Triplett products

available nationally
through authorized Triplett
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For information on special application

instruments write direct to:
TRIPLETT ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT
COMPANY, BLUFFTON, OHIO

The World's Most Complete Line of VOMS for Every Purpose.

IPLETT ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT COMPANY, BLUFFTON, OHIO

www.americanradiohistory.com
 How áo your

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RCA's trademark symbolizes a name and reputation customers have re-
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Your customers know that those red-white -and -black RCA tube cartons in
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RCA ELECTRON TUBE DIVISION, HARRISON, N. J.

The Most Trusted Namc in Electronics

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