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Assignment 3 MicroPara

The document is an assignment for a microbiology and parasitology class that includes three questions. The first question explains the cell theory, stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The second question distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting differences in size, presence of organelles, DNA structure, and cell division. The third question identifies and describes the function of key cell parts including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

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29 views

Assignment 3 MicroPara

The document is an assignment for a microbiology and parasitology class that includes three questions. The first question explains the cell theory, stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The second question distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting differences in size, presence of organelles, DNA structure, and cell division. The third question identifies and describes the function of key cell parts including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

Uploaded by

Jubilee Galit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3

Microbiology and Parasitology

Date: February 07, 2022 Teacher: Hannah Leigh H. Caranguian

I shall either find a way or make one.


"Aut inveniam viam aut faciam"

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Explain the cell theory.


 Cell theory states that living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is
the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells. The three scientists that
contributed to the development of cell theory are Matthias Schleiden, Theodor
Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow. The generally accepted portions of the modern Cell
Theory are as follows: The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in
living things. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. Cells arise from other
cells through cellular division.
2. Distinguish between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.

 Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular while Eukaryotic cells are present as either
unicellular or multicellular. The size of prokaryotic cell is generally range from 0.2
micrometers to 2.0 micrometers in diameter. Eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100
micrometers in diameter. In prokaryotic cells, the cell wall is present and it is very
complex in nature. Eukaryotic cells have cell walls very rarely, if present they have
simple chemical nature. In this prokaryotic cells true nucleus is absent, instead nucleotide
is present while true nucleus is present in eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells' DNA is arranged
in circular shape while eukaryotic cells' DNA is linear in shape. In prokaryotic cells,
cytoplasm is present, but it is lacking in most cell organelles. In eukaryotic cells, it
consists of both cytoplasm and organelles, both are present. In prokaryotic, mitochondria
is absent while mitochondria is present in eukaryotic cells. Cell division in prokaryotic
occur through binary fission. Cell division of eukaryotic occur through mitosis.

3. Identify the parts of a typical cell and cite the function of each.
 The Cell Membrane
Every cell has a thin outer covering called the cell membrane, or plasma membrane. The cell
membrane surrounds the contents of the cell and separates it from other cells and the
environment. The cell membrane also controls what materials go into and out of the cell.
 Cytoplasm and Organelles

The cytoplasm and specialized working parts called organelles are inside the cell membrane. The
cytoplasm is a sea-like fluid that contains water and other chemicals. Because the cytoplasm is
fluid, the cell can change shape, much like a bag of water changes shape. The parts of the cell
that are organized for specific functions are called organelles. The organelles include such
structures as the nucleus and the mitochondria.
 The Nucleus
The nucleus is the most important part of a cell. It is the “information” headquarters and is in
charge of the cellular activities. It contains the information that will tell the cell what to do, what
to make, and when to divide. A nucleus is a small and very powerful part of a cell.

 Chromosomes
If you looked at one of your cells under a microscope, you would see that under certain
conditions, structures called chromosomes appear in the nucleus of the cell. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in the nucleus of human cells. Of these 23 pairs there are two main kinds-22 pairs
of matched chromosomes (autosomes) and a pair of sex chromosomes. Each chromosome is a
particular length and has a short arm and a long arm. Besides size and shape, the banding pattern
of a chromosome is also distinctive.

 Mitochondria
Cells require a continuous supply of energy. Mitochondria have the job of converting energy in
the food you eat to a form that is usable by cells.

 Ribosomes
Proteins are important molecules produced by cells. Ribosomes are the organelles where proteins
are produced or synthesized. Ribosomes are themselves made up of proteins. The ribosomes are
scattered throughout the cytoplasm or are attached to part of another organelle called the
endoplasmic reticulum.

 Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of folded membranes that is used to move materials
around the cell. All cells have endoplasmic reticulum (or ER). The ER also is involved in helping
to make different kinds of cell membranes, including the outer (plasma) cell membrane,
mitochondrial membrane, and nuclear membrane.

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