H.

UNIT CONVERSION is the process of converting standard units of measurement from one form or system
to another as needed (for example, from kilogram to gram).

The METRIC SYSTEM and ENGLISH SYSTEM, also called the imperial system of measurements, are both
common systems of measurement used today

How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius °C = °F – 32 X 5/9

How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit °F = (°C x 9/5) +32

CALCULATING MARKUP PERCENTAGE AND PRICE

Calculate your Peso Markup. This is done by subtracting your buying price from your selling price.
Example:

Selling price 15.00

Purchase cost/buying price – 10.00

Peso markup 5.00

Calculate Percent Markup based on Cost. This is done by dividing the peso markup by the cost

. Example:

Peso markup 5.00

Purchase cost/buying price ÷10.00

Percentage mark up .50 or 50%

Calculate your Percent Markup based on Selling Price. This is done by dividing the peso markup by the
selling price

. Example: Peso markup 5.00

Selling price ÷15.00

Percentage markup .33 or 33

Cost • is defined as the price of something

Markup • is the difference between how much an item cost you, and how much you sell that item for--
it's your profit per item.

Computer

Formula is an equation that can analyze data on a worksheet. It performs basic operations (Addition,
Subtraction, Multiplication and Division). It may combine values or may refer to other cells on the same
worksheet. Formula is used to calculate values. You may use an equal sign or the AutoSum function to
build a formula

Elements of Formula
1. Beginning Element All formulas will have any one kind of beginning element and that is the Equal
Symbol. ( = )

2. Operators These are symbols used in calculating the data.

3. Cell References These are the location of the data to be calculated. It can be a range.

4. Values These are the content of the cell references. The cell references should contain values that are
quantifiable.

5. Names These are usually the name of the function used.

Operation Symbols

Operator Addition +

- Subtraction

*Multiplication

Division /

Texts are letters, symbols, numbers, and spaces or any combination that you enter into a cell

Value is number that you enter into cell that you may use in a formula.

Constant – Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula such as 2

VALUE MEANING WHAT YOU CAN DO #

### When any value is too long to fit into a cell. Adjust the column width

. #DIV/0! The formula is attempting to divide by zero Insert value at the cell reference

#N/A There is no value available Insert value at the cell reference #NAME? MS Excel does not recognize
the name Check the name of the formula used

#NULL! There is incorrect range reference. The formula specifies two areas that do not intersect. Check
the range of the cell reference.

#NUM! The formula has a problem with a number The value entered on the cell reference is not a
constant value

#REF! The cell reference is incorrect Check the cell reference

#VALUE! It appears when the wrong type of argument has been used for a function The value entered
on the cell reference is not a constant value

LESSON 3: BUILT - IN FUNCTIONS IN MICROSOFT EXCEL Functions are built-in formulas you can use or
make your worksheet construction easier.

Types of Functions 1. Database functions – it helps you analyse values in a list that meet a specific
condition or criteria. Examples are DAVERAGE, DMAX, DMIN, and more.
2. Date and time functions – it helps you to analyse and work with date and time values in formula. It
depends onto your system clock. Examples are DATE, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE and a lot more.

3. Logical functions – use the logical functions either to see whether a condition is true or false or to
check for multiple conditions. Examples are IF AND OR, FALSE, TRUE and NOT.

4. Lookup reference functions – it is used to find values in a list, tables or reference cells. Examples are
VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, ADDRESS, AREAS and a lot more.

5. Statistical functions – it is used for statistical analysis on ranges of data. It can provide statistical
information about a straight line plotted through a group of values. Examples are AVERAGE, FORCAST,
MAX, MIN, MODE, MEDIAN and so on.

6. Math and Trigonometry functions – these functions can perform simple or complex mathematical
computations. Examples are ACOSH, ACOS, ASIN, ATAN and a lot more

. 7. Text functions – these functions allow you to manipulate text strings in formulas. Examples are
CHAR, CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT and etc.

Function Description

=sum Calculates the sum of the values of range

=average Calculates the arithmetic mean of a range of cells or values

=max Gives the maximum value in a range of cells or values

=min Gives the minimum value in a range of cells or values =count Counts the number of cells in a range
of cells or values

=if Shows a series of calculations using the same formula but a different value for each calculation to
determine whether the formula is true or false

=mode Shows the frequent number among the sets on number =median Shows the middle number
among the sets of numbers

MEDIAN The number in the middle of the sets of the given number

MODE Returns the most frequently occurring or repetitive value

LESSON 4: INSERTING CHARTS AND PRINTING SPREADSHEETS

A chart is an excellent way to present data visually. Using a table is fine, but the user needs to read the
numbers and analyze

COLUMN CHART It is the most effective representation for analyzing data of the same category and
scale.

BAR CHART It is almost likely a column chart. It is also used in comparing values of the same category.
LINE CHART The movement of a range of values. These movements can be upward or downward.
SCATTER CHART It is used to illustrate comparison of the data into points or on its scatterings

PIE AND DOUGHNUT CHART It is used to show percentage or the fractional values. It is best used in
representing the relationship of the part to make it a whole

BUBBLE CHART It is used in comparing sets of three values.