MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
STEAM QUALITY DETERMINATION

7CAIGA, SIMON MATHEW M. Date Performed: September 7, 2022

ME144L-2 / C1 Date Submitted: September 7, 2022
2018137929

Engr. Teodulo A. Valle

INSTRUCTOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE 1

THEORY AND PRINCIPLE 1

LIST OF APPARATUS 2

PROCEDURE 4

SET-UP OF APPARATUS 5

FINAL DATA SHEET 6

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS 7

TEST DATA ANALYSIS 10

QUESTION AND ANSWERS 11

CONCLUSION 12

RECOMMENDATION 12

REFERENCES 13
OBJECTIVE:
1. To have the ability to evaluate the standard of steam that is generated by the MU boiler.

2. To be familiar in the operation of a steam throttling calorimeter.

THEORY AND PRINCIPLE:

To get an exact assessment of the quality of the steam being created, it is important to
measure the temperature, pressure, and amount of liquid entrained. In addition to temperature and
pressure, it is possible to analyze the enthalpy, entropy, and specific volume of steam. In this
procedure, the fuel itself is the source of the chemical energy used to power the boiler's boiler water.
The liquid undergoes a phase change to become saturated steam as a direct result of the combustion
process while it is still contained inside the boiler. The method of throttling the calorimeter involves
essentially adiabatically expanding the steam in order to transform the wet steam into superheated
steam. Using just pressure and temperature, it is possible to calculate the quality of the wet steam
from the enthalpy of the superheated steam in this situation. One of the devices superheats the steam
by using an electric heater, while the calorimeter obtains its results by a combination of the throttling
and separating operating principles. The throttling calorimeter is regarded as a trustworthy tool for
measuring the caloric content of high-quality steam, which is routinely subjected to a battery of tests.
When dealing with low-quality steam, it is customary to use a different set of equipment than typical.
Since the throttling calorimeter is the more common equipment, we will limit our discussion to its
inspection since it is more important. The formulas used in the experiment are the following:

X = {hg2 + Cps[tc – tsat2] – hf1 }/ hfg1

X(hfg1) + hf1 = hg2 + Cps[tc – tsat2]

Cpsteam = 0.46 Btu/lbm-°F = 0.46 Btu/lbm-R

= 1.922 KJ/kg-°C = 1.922 KJ/kg-K

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LIST OF APPARATUS:

1. Throttling Calorimeter 3. Thermometer

4. Stop Watch
2. Mercury Manometer

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5. Boiler

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PROCEDURE:

1. Purge the water and impurities inside the steam pipeline.

2. Insert the thermometer bulb inside the throttling calorimeter well.

3. Connect the hose of the Hg manometer through the drain valve.

4. Open the gate valve and let the steam enter the calorimeter.

5. Duration of the trial is 5 minutes.

6. Let the condition of the steam inside stabilize before recording the steam line

pressure calorimeter well temperature and Hg manometer reading.

7. Calculate all the necessary requirements needed to complete the data sheet.

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SET-UP OF APPARATUS:

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 FINAL DATA SHEET:

Trial Ps = Ps = P1 Tc Manome P2 Tsat2 Quality

P1 (MPaa) = ter (“Hg) (MPaa) (℃) X
(psig) T2 (KJ/kgℎ𝑓1 (KJ/kgℎ𝑓𝑔1 (KJ/kgℎ𝑔2 (%)
(℃) ) ) )

0.1026 100.34 565.31 2161.24 2676.59 98.6%

1 30 0.308 110 3/8
0.1021 98.84 529.65 2185.4 2674.28 98.7%
4 20 0.240 105 1/4

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SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS:

𝑃2 (𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒) = 0. 375 𝑖𝑛. 𝐻𝑔 * = 1. 27 * 10−3𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑃2 (𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒) = 1. 27 * 10−3𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 0. 101325 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0. 1026 𝑀𝑃𝑎𝑎

𝑃2 (𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒) = 0. 25 𝑖𝑛. 𝐻𝑔 * = 0. 8474 * 10−3𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑃2 (𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒) = 0. 8474 * 10−3𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 0. 101325 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0. 1021 𝑀𝑃𝑎𝑎

Interpolation (Trial 1)

𝑃2 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡2 ℎ𝑔2
0.100 99.63 2675.5

0.1026 x x

0.105 101 2677.6

𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡 2:
0.105 − 0.100 101 − 99.63
=
0.1026 − 0.100 𝑥 − 99.63
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡2 = 100. 34℃

ℎ𝑔2:
0.105 − 0.100 2677.6 − 2675.5
=
0.1026 − 0.100 𝑥 − 2675.5

ℎ𝑔2 = 2676. 59 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

𝑃1 ℎ𝑓1 ℎ𝑓𝑔1
0.305 563.88 2162.2

0.308 x x

0.310 566.27 2160.6

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 ℎ𝑓1:

0.310 − 0.305 566.27 − 563.88

=
0.308 − 0.305 𝑥 − 563.88

ℎ𝑓1 = 565. 31 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

ℎ𝑓𝑔1:

0.310 − 0.305 2160.6 − 2162.2

=
0.308 − 0.305 𝑥 − 2162.2

ℎ𝑓𝑔1 = 2161. 24 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

Interpolation (Trial 4)

𝑃2 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡2 ℎ𝑔2
0.100 99.63 2675.5

0.1021 x x

0.105 101 2677.6

𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡 2:

0.105 − 0.100 101 − 99.63

=
0.1021 − 0.100 𝑥 − 99.63

𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡2 = 98. 84℃

ℎ𝑔2:

0.105 − 0.100 2677.6 − 2675.5

=
0.1021 − 0.100 𝑥 − 2675.5

𝑥 = ℎ𝑔2 = 2674. 28 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

According to Steam Table

𝑃1 ℎ𝑓1 ℎ𝑓𝑔1
0.240 529.65 2185.4

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X = {hg2 + Cps[tc – tsat2] – hf1 }/ hfg1
Trial 1

[26746.59 + 1.922 (110 − 100.34) − 565.31]

𝑋= = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟔%
2161.24

Trial 4

[2674.28 + 1.922 (105.4 − 98.84) − 529.65]

𝑋= = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟕%
2185.4

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TEST DATA ANALYSIS:
The student was needed to use steam tables in order to solve the task they had been
assigned, which was to calculate the steam quality originating from the steam pipeline. After
considering the information presented by the teacher, the student decided to participate in Trials 1
and 4. According to the table, the first step was to determine the P2 value, which represents the
calorimeter's steam pressure. This was the first action that had to be done. The pressure for the first
trial was determined to be 0.1026 MPa, whereas the pressure for the fourth trial was 0.1021 MPa.
This results in the conclusion that the pressure for the first experiment is 0.1026 MPa. Since the
projected Pressure values do not appear in the Steam Table, the next step would be to discover the
temperature at which P2 was saturated, denoted by the label Tsat2. This would be the next step
since these numbers do not exist in the Steam Table. Therefore, the student concluded that
interpolation was the most effective method for determining the precise value of the Saturation
Temperature. As a consequence, we may conclude that the saturation temperature for experiment
one is 100.34 degrees Celsius and that for trial four is 98.84 degrees Celsius. In the process of
computing hf1 and hfg1, which are collectively referred to as enthalpies, interpolation was also
used. After what felt like an age, it was finally time to calculate the Steam Quality of the
experiment using mathematics. The student achieved a cumulative score of 98.55 % for Trial 1
and 98.68 % for Trial 4 after completing the computations.

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QUESTION AND ANSWER:

1. What is Steam Quality?

- The amount of saturated steam that is present in a combination of saturated condensate
and saturated steam is referred to as the steam quality.

2. How the quality of steam can be determined?

- The quantity of saturated steam that is present in a system together with its condensate
is one of the factors that determines the steam's quality. To determine it, divide the
mass of steam by the combined mass of steam and condensate to get the answer.

3. What are the effects of steam quality?

- A decrease in steam quality may have four distinct repercussions: product
contamination, inefficient heat transfer, damaged system equipment, and overtaxed
boiler feed equipment.

4. Why is quality of steam important?

- Steam that is too moist may not have enough energy to sterilize equipment, while steam
that is superheated may be too hot for the equipment to safely handle. In situations in
which steam is used to spin a turbine, steam quality is of the utmost importance since
water condensation on the blades of the turbine might cause the blades to erode and the
turbine to go out of balance.

5. How does temperature and pressure affect steam quality?

- When a boiler's pressure is increased, the amount of heat that must be provided to
produce steam also increases. When the pressure is raised, the temperature of the steam
that is produced also increases. The term "enthalpy" refers to the amount of energy
contained in one pound of steam, and higher temperatures result in higher enthalpies.

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CONCLUSION:

As a conclusion of doing this experiment, the student was given the chance to think deeply
about the idea of enthalpies. The preceding topic was employed pretty extensively since it was
extremely vital for the laboratory activity in the sense that it was necessary to determine the values
that were existent in the MU Boiler. Additionally, at this point in the lecture, the student was
provided with a description of the steam-throtting calorimeter.

RECOMMENDATION:

This experiment has the potential to increase other students' talents as well as their
comprehension of steam quality, which is why I would recommend that additional students
participate in it. Students could pick up on a lot of useful information from the experiment, such
as the numerous methods and equations that were used to compute the many variables that were
necessary for the experiment to be successful. During the course of the experiment, the students
need to maintain a high level of precision.

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REFERENCES:

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119085454.ch4
• https://www.chemaqua.com/en-us/Blogs/steam-quality-vs-steam-purity
• https://www.wareinc.com/helpful-resources/blog/today-s-lesson-in-physics-the-
relationship-between-steam-pressure-and-temperature

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