MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DJJ40142– MECHANICAL WORKSHOP PRACTICE 4 (CNC LATHE)

LAB SHEET

CNC LATHE/ TURNING

Title : Basic Profile

1.0 Introduction :

Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit,
describes a helical toolpath by moving more or less linearly while the workpiece rotates. The tool's
axes of movement may be literally a straight line, or they may be along some set of curves or
angles, but they are essentially linear (in the nonmathematical sense). Usually the term "turning"
is reserved for the generation of external surfaces by this cutting action, whereas this same
essential cutting action when applied to internal surfaces (that is, holes, of one kind or another) is
called "boring". Thus the phrase "turning and boring" categorizes the larger family of (essentially
similar) processes. The cutting of faces on the workpiece (that is, surfaces perpendicular to its
rotating axis), whether with a turning or boring tool, is called "facing", and may be lumped into
either category as a subset.

Turning can be done manually, in a traditional form of lathe, which frequently requires
continuous supervision by the operator, or by using an automated lathe which does not. Today
the most common type of such automation is computer numerical control, better known as CNC.
(CNC is also commonly used with many other types of machining besides turning.) When turning,
a piece of relatively rigid material (such as wood, metal, plastic, or stone) is rotated and a cutting
tool is traversed along 1, 2, or 3 axes of motion to produce precise diameters and depths. Turning
can be either on the outside of the cylinder or on the inside (also knownas boring) to
produce tubular components to various geometries. Although now quite rare, early lathes could
even be used to produce complex geometric figures, even the platonic solids; although since the
advent of CNC it has become unusual to use non-computerized toolpath control for this purpose.

The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to be the oldest
machine tools, and can be of four different types such as straight turning, taper turning,
profiling or external grooving. Those types of turning processes can produce various shapes of
materials such as straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpiece. In general, turning uses simple
single-point cutting tools. Each group of workpiece materials has an optimum set of tools angles
which have been developed through the years.

2.0 Objective :

1. Student should be able to integrate correctly of CAD, NC and CAM with the CNC Milling
process.

2. Student should be able to initiate successful G and M codes by utilizing CADCAM software
during milling process.

3. Student should be able to describe clearly and present information the overall picture of
modern manufacturing system.
3.0 Machine & Tools :
CNC Machine, Vernier Caliper, Coated Insert Carbide & Piece of
Paper.

Acceptance Limit
: Length : ± 0.05 mm
Height : ± 0.05 mm
Thickness : ± 0.05 mm

3.1 Materials :
Nylon 100mm x Ø50mm
 SAFETY OPERATING PROCEDURES

CNC Metal Lathe

DO NOT use this machine unless a lecturer has instructed
you in its safe use and operation and has given permission.
Safety glasses must be worn at all Long and loose hair must be
times in work areas. contained.
Sturdy footwear must be worn at Close fitting/protective clothing
all times in work areas. must be worn.
Rings and jewellery must not be Gloves must not be worn when
worn. using this machine.

PRE-OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS

1. Check workspaces and walkways to ensure no slip/trip hazards are present.
2. Locate and ensure you are familiar with the operation of the ON/OFF starter and E-
Stop (if fitted).
3. Ensure all guards are in place.
4. Check that the job is clamped tight in the chuck.
5. Remove all tools from the bed and slides of the machine.
6. Ensure correct speed for machining process is selected.
7. Remove the chuck key before starting the lathe.
8. Do not try to lift chucks or face plates that are too heavy for you.
9. Faulty equipment must not be used. Immediately report suspect machinery.
OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
1. Never leave the lathe running unattended.
2. Before making adjustments or measurements switch off and bring the machine to a
complete standstill.
3. Do not attempt to slow/stop the chuck or revolving work by hand.
4. Avoid letting swarf build up on the tool or job. Stop the machine and remove it.
5. Always remove the chuck key from the chuck.
6. Do not store tools and parts on top of the machine.
HOUSEKEEPING
1. Switch off the machine and reset all guards to a fully closed position.
2. Leave the machine in a safe, clean and tidy state.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
◼ Flying objects - chuck key left in chuck
◼ Cutting tool injury when cleaning, filing or polishing
◼ Rotating machine parts - entanglement
◼ Metal splinters/swarf
◼ Eye injuries
Machine Description and Work piece Specification

LIGHT
STATUS
INDICATOR
EMERGENCY
STOP
BUTTON

CONTROL
MAIN PANEL
DOOR

HANDLE

COOLANT
TANK
CHIPS
BIN

MACHINE DESCRIPTION

CNC LATHE/TURNING MACHINE

 4.0 Work Procedure:

List and explain work procedure throughout your experiment

TASK

PRACTICAL TASK 1

PRACTICAL TASK 2
5.0 Result:

PROGRAME SHEET (PRACTICAL TASK 1)

NAME: CLASS:
O ;
N1 N13 N25
N2 N14 N26
N3 N15 N27
N4 N16 N28
N5 N17 N29
N6 N18 N30
N7 N19 N31
N8 N20 N32
N9 N21 N33
N10 N22 N34
N11 N23 N35
N12 N24 N36

PROGRAME SHEET (PRACTICAL TASK 2)

NAME: CLASS:
O ;
N1 N13 N25
N2 N14 N26
N3 N15 N27
N4 N16 N28
N5 N17 N29
N6 N18 N30
N7 N19 N31
N8 N20 N32
N9 N21 N33
N10 N22 N34
N11 N23 N35
N12 N24 N36
6.0 Discussion :

i. Always stop the machine before making measurements or cleaning out chips.
True False

ii. It is permissible to leave the ANY KEY in the machining area.

True False

iii. Stop the LATHE machine before

a. Attempting to make adjustments or measurements.
b. Trying to remove accumulated chips.
c. Before opening or removing guards and covers.
d. All of the above.

iv. The LATHE machine is a very versatile machine tool. It can be used to

a. drill, bore, and cut Triangle, Square, Polygon shapes

b. machine flat surfaces
c. machine irregularly shaped surfaces
d. All of the above

v. G code command for G02 is represent for

a. Circular Interpolation Clockwise.
b. Circular Interpolation Counterclockwise.
c. Linear Interpolation.
d. All of the above.

6.0 Conclusion/ Recommendation :

State your recommendations and conclusions

7.0 References/ Appendices :

List your references

END