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39 viewsChapter 16. Cumulative Frequency
cumulative frequency
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internationalmakkhayarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 13
Cumulative frequency
This chapter will show you how to
construct cumulative frequency tables
find quartiles and interquartile ranges
draw box plots
compare and interpret distributions
SNS
You will need to know
© how to construct frequency tables
16.1 Cumulative frequency
You can construct a cumulative frequency table from a grouped
frequency table by calculating the running total of the frequency
up to the end of each class interval
You can use the table to plot a cumulative frequency diagram.
You can draw cumulative frequency diagrams for both discrete and
continuous data sets.
‘The following grouped frequency distribution shows the time taken
Class intervals (such as 0 < t <5)
for students to solve a puzzle. Using this data, draw a cumulative
were discussed in Chapter 15.
frequency diagram.
Time taken (seconds) Frequency
O
0 5 Median 30
Time (5)
continued ¥
Pa one (a) The median = 13 seconds.
A
ea (b) To find the lower quartile
2A TOF (LO), first locate a point at
Cumulative 20: 432 + 1) = 8.25 on the frequency
frequency axis and draw a horizontal line to
10. intersect the curve. Draw a vertical
| e25t line to meet the x-axis. This gives
the lower quartile
| [29k | 30 (c) Find the upper quartile (UQ) in a
similar way, but ths time use a
point at }(32 + 1) = 24.75 on the
(b) Total = 32 cumulative frequency axis.
$of (32 +1) = 8.25
LQ = 9.5 seconds
(c) Zof (32 +1) = 24.75
UQ = 24.5 seconds
(a) IQR = 17.5 - 95 = B seconds
Time (8)
(a) Remember IQR = Ud ~ La
The cumulative graph can be divided up into other fractions, not just
quarters.
Tenths are quite common and these are called deciles.
Percentiles divide the cumulative frequency into hundredths.
The 70th percentile will be at ;(n + 1) on the cumulative
frequency (cf) axis.
Cumulative
frequency
0 5 Median 30
Time (5)
Use the cumulative frequency curve to find an estimate for these.
(a) the 20th percentile (b) the 90th percentile
continued ¥ (a) The 20th percentile will be at 22(32 + 1) = 6.6
woo
Draw a horizontal line at 6.6 to the curve and then
a vertical line down to the time axis.
20th percentile = 9 seconds
Repeat the process of (a) at 29.7
20th percentile = 23 seconds
EXERCISE 16B
The 90th percentile will be at 20(32 + 1) = 29.7
1 The cumulative frequency graph for the distances travelled to
school by 50 students is shown below.
50
40
Cumulative 3°
frequency
20
10
0.
01234567
Distance travelled (km)
From the graph, estimate
(a) the median distance
2. Asurvey was conducted to find the
amount of time students spent on
homework each week. The results are
shown in the cumulative frequency graph
From the graph, estimate
(a) the median time
(b) the lower quartile time
(0) the upper quartile time
(d) the 1ar.
Give your answers in hours and minutes.
(ec) Estimate what percentage of students spent
5 hours or less on homework each week.
89
10
Cumulative
frequency
(b) the lower quartile distance
(c) the upper quartile distance (d) the inter-quartile range.
woof
90 |
80
7%
60
so
0
20
2
10
0
024 6 8 10121416
Time (hours)
Tee cies 3. The cumulative frequency diagram shows
the marks gained in a geography exam.
Use the graph to find mark estimates for
(@) the median
(b) La
(9 va
(d) 1aR
(e) the 70th percentile.
4 A tyre company carried out a survey
to find how far cars travel before they
need new tyres. The results for 100 cars
is shown in the cumulative frequency
diagram,
Use the graph to estimate
(a) the median distance travelled
(b) the lower quartile distance
travelled
(c) the upper quartile distance
travelled
(d) the inter-quartile range.
(e) what percentage of cars travelled
a distance of more than 30 000
kilometres before the tyres needed to
be changed?
160
140
1204
Cumulative 1007
frequency 80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Mark (9%)
100
90
80
70
Cumulative 6°
frequency 50.
40
30
20
10
°
0 15) 0530350
Distance travelled (x 1000 km)
During a busy day at a doctor's surgery the amount of waiting
time for patients was recorded as shown in the table.
The shortest waiting time was 15 mins. and the longest time
was 9+ mins.
(a) Construct a cumulative Waiting time, f Frequency
frequency table. (minutes) (f)
O Mequency cure ost °
(0) Give an estimate of the ee -
median waiting time. 2
