ﺍﻠﺪ / 15ﺍﻟﻌـــﺪﺩ ،(2022) 01 :ﺹ 1677-1661 ﳎﻠـﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
Manifestations of Public Authority Privileges in Administrative Decision
Issuance and Termination
ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻠﻔﺔ )ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ(
[email protected] ،
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ2022/04/27 : ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ2022/04/23 : ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ2022/02/14 :
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ :ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ،ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺎﻻﺕ ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺇﺧﺘﺼﺖ ﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳌﺎ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ
ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ،ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﲢﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺴﻒ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ.ﻓﺎﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ
ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ ﺎ ،ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻏﻔﺎﻝ
ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﲢﻮﺯ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﺎﺀ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻗﺮ ﳍﺎ
ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﺪ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ...ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻋﻤﺎ
ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺇﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ :ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺇﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ.
Abstract: In the field of administrative decisions the public administration enjoys
wide powers and privileges, its main objective is to achieve the general objectives of
the state in all areas, and these privileges belong to the administration because of the
duties and responsibilities it assumes in order to achieve the public interest and meet
the needs of the public, the administration with its privileges is not in conflict with
the law, since it exercises these privileges under its banner and does not deviate from
them , otherwise we would be faced with an abuse of power , which is incompatible
with the principle of legality. To the satisfaction of those who send it, without
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
neglecting the legal elements and the procedures that it must respect when it is
issued, and in return, it has the right to terminate, because it has received the
privilege of stopping its effect juridical and to put an end to it either by withdrawal or
by cancellation... and the recognition of these privileges is only in support of one of
the most important principles of the public establishment, which is the principle of
the continuity of the public service installation and the treatment of all the
developments that can be known from the administrative life.
Keywords: the privileges of public authority; the administrative decision; the issuing
of the administrative decision; the termination of the administrative decision.
-1ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺗﺼﺒﻎ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ،ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﳒﻊ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲜﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ
ﳛﻮﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ.
ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﳍﺎ ،ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ
ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺼﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺎ
ﺍﳌﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻃﺔ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻛﻮﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ
ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ.
ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ :ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺎﺋﻬﺎ؟
ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳏﻮﺭﻳﻦ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ.
ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺒﺘﻐﻲ ﻣﻦ
ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﲟﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ،ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﻛﺐ
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ
ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﳍﻢ.
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.
ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ
ﳍﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻩ.
ﻭﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﲔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ
ﻭﻻ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ،ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻨﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
-1ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﲟﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺇﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲣﺎﺫﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ،
ﻓﺎﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺎ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ،ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﺧﻰ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺘﺨﺬﻩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺐ ﺇﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ). (1
ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻫﻲ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺇﺎﺋﻬﺎ ،ﻛﻮﺎ
ﺍﻷﺟﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍ ،ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺺ
ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ
ﻭﲣﻀﻊ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ
ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻬﺎ.
) (1ﻣﺎﺯﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺪﳕﺮﻙ ،2008 ،ﺹ .181
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﲏ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺎﻫﻠﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ) ،(1ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺢ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ،
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ:
-ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ
ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﺭﺉ ﻛﻮﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ.
-ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻻ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ
ﺑﻞ ﲤﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﲨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻒ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ.
-ﺇﻥ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﰿ ﻛﻞ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺇﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ
ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻭﰲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻖ ﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ
(2)1993/03/24ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ...":ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﻻﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ
ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ،ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ...ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﳌﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻡ.ﻉ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ –ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﺎﻝ -ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﱄ ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ، ".ﺃﻳﻦ
ﻛﺮﺱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻋﺘﱪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻒ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ،ﺇﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻓﻀﺖ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ.
) (1ﻋﻠﻴﻮﺍﺕ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺪ ،29ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ، 2015 ،01
ﺹ.452
) (2ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 76732ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ،1991/03/24ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻱ.ﺏ( ﺿﺪ :ﻭﺍﱄ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ،
ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،01ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1993ﺹ .146
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
-2ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ:
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﱪﺯ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ،ﻓﻴﺘﻌﲔ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ،ﺃﻱ
ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻧﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺄﺯﻕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ
ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ.
ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧﻪ ،ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ) ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺼﺮ
ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ( ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ،ﺍﶈﻞ ،ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ( ،ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺎ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ.
ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﺪ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻣﺎﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻻ
ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻺﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ،ﻭﳚﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ
ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ،ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ
ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻩ ،ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺎ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ،ﻋﻴﺒﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ،
ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﳏﺘﻮﺍﻫﺎ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ،ﻷﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺬﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﺭﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ
ﲣﻠﻔﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﻹﲣﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻼ ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ
ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺎ) ،(1ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲡﺎﻫﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ
ﻻﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ.
) (1ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،05ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﻣﻪ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2009 ،ﺹ
.76
1665
ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ
ﻟﻺﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ،ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﻴﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ ﻭﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ،
ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ) ،(1ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﱪ ﺭﻛﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ
ﺣﺪﺩﺕ
ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺇﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﱐ ،ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ...ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺗﺘﺼﺮﻑ
ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺇﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﲢﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ ،ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ
ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ.
ﻭﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻪ ،ﻳﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﶈﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ
ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ ،ﻃﺎﳌﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻹﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ ) (2ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ
ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﳏﺪﺩ ،ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ.
ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﲣﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ":ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ.(3)".
ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﲣﺎﺫﻩ ،ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ
) (1ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .69
) (2ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﳏﻤﺪ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ،
ﻣﺼﺮ ،2009 ،ﺹ .108-107
) (3ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،06ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2014 ،ﺹ
.126
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
) ،(1ﻣﺜﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻭﰲ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ ﲟﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﳚﱪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ،ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ
ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲣﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ،ﻭﳍﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﲤﻨﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﻁ ،ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺪﻓﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻫﺪﻓﺎ ﳐﺼﺺ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻝ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ
ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲡﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ
ﺃﻳﻦ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ،
ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﻣﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ.
ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺈﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ
ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲤﺎﺭﺳﻬﺎ
ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ،ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻻ ﲤﺘﺪ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ
ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺎﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ) ،(2ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ،ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ
ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ).(3
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ
ﺷﻌﻮﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺇﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ
ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ.
) (1ﻧﻮﺍﻑ ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،1ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ،ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ،2002 ،ﺹ 46ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ.
) (2ﻣﺎﺯﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .181
) (3ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﺰﺭﻱ ،ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ-ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ،-ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ
ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،2009ﺹ ﺹ ،181 ،180ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻮ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ،
ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻣﺼﺮ ،1996 ،ﺹ ،615ﻋﻠﻴﻮﺍﺕ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ.456
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﺮﺯ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﲡﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ
ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﳍﺎ ،ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ
ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ
ﺇﱃ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﻼﻥ).(1
ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺒﻮﻻ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺎﻝ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ
ﲤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﳎﺎﻻ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻹﲣﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ
ﻏﻠﻄﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﳓﺮﺍﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ).(2
ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ:
ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺇﳓﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﳏﻤﻴﺔ
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻭﻛﺄﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺇﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ
ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ.
ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﲡﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺎ ﻭﺇﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻫﺎ.
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺪﻑ ﺇﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ،
ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ
ﻭﺇﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ
) (2ﻣﺎﺯﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ ..182
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ":ﺇﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ").(1
ﻓﺎﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﳐﻔﻒ ﻳﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ
ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ
ﺗﻔﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ...ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺪ
ﳍﺎ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ،ﻭﻻ ﳝﺲ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ ،ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﱂ
ﺗﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﺬﺍﻙ ،ﻓﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﺬﺍﻙ.
ﺇﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﰎ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺣﱴ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ ﻭﳏﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻨﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﳕﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﺗﺒﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ،
ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﺱ ﲟﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ
ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﱴ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎ ﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ،ﺇﻻ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺮﺭﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺱ ﺎ ﺃﻭ
ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻟﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ). (2
) (1ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺹ ،150ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎﺭ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .113
) (2ﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،01ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2014 ،ﺹ ،113ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ،
ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻗﻴﺔ ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ،2010 ،ﺹ.666
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ
ﱂ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺎﺀ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ
ﻟﻦ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﳝﺲ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ،ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺋﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ،ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ،ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﳎﺮﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺸﺊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ
ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻣﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﲣﻀﻊ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﺎ
ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ) ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ) ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ،ﻋﻴﺐ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ( ،ﻭﻣﱴ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻩ ،ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ
ﻓﻼ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺗﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ،ﻓﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ،ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﰎ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﲢﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﺪ
ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺿﺪﻩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﳏﻞ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ).(1
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ :ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ.
ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ
ﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺑﺄﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺄﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ،
ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻴﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻛﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺑﻌﻪ ،ﻣﻊ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﲡﺴﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ
) (1ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎﺭ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ ،113ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ-ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ،-ﻁ ،03ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2017 ،ﺹ ﺹ .311 ،310
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ
ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ.(1)".
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎﺹ
ﺣﱴ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ...
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎ
ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺤﺒﻪ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ
ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝ)ﻕ.ﺇ.ﻡ.ﺇ( 09-08ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﲟﻴﻌﺎﺩ
ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺗﻪ ﻧﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ 829ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ":ﳛﺪﺩ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ
) (4ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ،ﻳﺴﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ،".ﻭﺇﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ )(4
ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ،ﻭﺑﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ،ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ.
ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻑ.ﻉ( ﺿﺪ ﻭﺍﱄ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ) ، (2ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ...":ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ
ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ "...ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﺎﳌﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ
ﺇﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻳﺘﻢ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ.
)(1ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺿﻴﺎﻑ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ،ﻁ ،01ﺟﺴﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2007 ،ﺹ ،231
ﺃﻧﻈﺮ :ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻮﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ -ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ،
ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2010 ،ﺹ ،72ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻨﻴﺢ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،2ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ،ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ،2008 ،ﺹ ﺹ ،220
.221
) (2ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 72894ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ،1988/02/10ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻑ.ﻉ( ﺿﺪ ﻭﺍﱄ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ،
ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،4ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1991ﺹ .227
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺒﺢ
ﻟﻔﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌﺴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ
ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ،ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﲝﻜﻢ
ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ) ،(1ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺴﻒ.
ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ
ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﺈﺎ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻻ
ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺭﻉ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﺪﻣﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺄﻳﺔ ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ
ﻟﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ،ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺶ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻑ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭﲢﺼﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﱴ ﺇﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ
ﺫﻟﻚ) ، (2ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﲟﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﱴ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.
ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺑﺈﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺐ ،ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺳﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻓﺈﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﻼ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻋﺒﺎﺕ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺴﺤﺐ ﻭﺳﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺐ ،ﻷﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﱃ ﺗﺮﻳﺚ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﻮﻝ ﳍﺎ
ﺫﻟﻚ) ،(3ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻭﳕﻴﺰ
) (1ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،05ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﻣﻪ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،2009 ،ﺹ
.172
) (2ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺿﻴﺎﻑ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ ،241ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻮﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .75
) (3ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .172
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺣﻖ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ.
ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﲟﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ،ﻫﺎﺗﻪ
ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺼﺐ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺄﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ ،ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ
ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ،ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺤﺐ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﱴ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﲟﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻼ.(1) ،
ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ (2) 51535ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ 1987/05/16ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ..." :
ﻣﱴ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺎ ،ﺇﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﲏ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ
ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺴﺐ
ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺐ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ".ﻭﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ.
ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ (3) 104779ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ
ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ 1993/12/19ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ":ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﻳﻨﺸﺊ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ
،1984/06/11ﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ،ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﺮ.ﻡ.ﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺒﻄﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻓﻌﻞ ".ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ.
) (1ﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .111
) (2ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ 51535ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،1987/05/16ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻙ.ﻑ( ﺿﺪ )ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ( ،ﺍﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،03ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1990ﺹ.191
) (3ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 104779ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ،1993/12/19ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻙ.ﻉ( ﺿﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻗﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،3ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1994ﺹ .206
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ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ) ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ
ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺇﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ،ﺇﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ.
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻛﺴﺒﺖ
ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻝ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﱂ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ
ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎﺹ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺮﺯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ ،ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ) ،(1ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺗﺒﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ،
ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺏ 4ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ،ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺎ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ،
ﻭﻻ ﲣﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ،ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ،
ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻴﻮ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻛﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﳎﺎﻝ
ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺐ) ،(2ﻭﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ
ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ.
ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ
ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ،ﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﺎ ﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔ
) (1ﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ :ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ .93
) (2ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻴﻮ ،ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺻﺎﺻﻴﻼ ،ﻁ ،04ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ،2006 ،
ﺹ .343
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ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ) ،(1ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﱪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺍ
ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ( 2 )29432ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ 1982/11/27ﰲ
ﺃﻧﻪ... ":ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ –ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ -ﺇﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺨﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﺌﺎ ﳊﻘﻮﻕ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻠﻐﻲ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺮﺩ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ
ﻳﻌﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ،"...ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺇﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﻈﻞ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ
ﳚﻮﺯ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ).(3
.4ﺧﺎﲤﺔ:
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ
ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ:
ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﰲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻪ،
ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺴﻒ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔـ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﻟﻐﺎﺀ ،ﻓﺎﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ.
ﺇﻥ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ )ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ(
ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﺪ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﺨﻠﻖ
) (1ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺒﺎﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،01ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺒﺎﺩ ،2004 ،ﺹ ،379ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻴﻮ،
ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ ،342 ،341ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻮ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ،
ﺹ.549
) (2ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 29432ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،1982/11/27ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﺏ.ﻝ( ﺿﺪ )ﻭﺍﱄ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺭ.ﻡ.ﺵ
ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺒﺔ( ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،01ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1990ﺹ.188
) (3ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ ، 289 ،288ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺃﺻﻮﻝ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ،ﺹ.672
1675
ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻥ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻻ
ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﺔ.
ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺎ ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ
ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ،ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ.
ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﻋﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺇﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻗﺮﺕ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ
ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ.
.5ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ:
-ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻴﻮ ،ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺻﺎﺻﻴﻼ ،ﻁ ،04ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2006 ،
-ﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،01ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ2014 ،
-ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻗﻴﺔ ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ،
.2010
-ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ-ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ
ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ،-ﻁ ،03ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2017 ،
-ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﳏﻤﺪ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ،
ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ،ﻣﺼﺮ.2009 ،
-ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻮﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ -ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ
ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2010 ،
-ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺿﻴﺎﻑ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ،ﻁ ،01ﺟﺴﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ،
ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2007 ،
-ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،05ﺩﺍﺭ
ﻫﻮﻣﻪ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2009 ،
-ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺑﺪﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،06ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ
ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ.2014 ،
1676
ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀﺍ
-ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻮ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻣﺼﺮ.1996 ،
-ﻣﺎﺯﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺏ ﻁ ،ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺪﳕﺮﻙ.2008 ،
-ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻨﻴﺢ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،2ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ،ﺗﻮﻧﺲ.2008 ،
-ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺒﺎﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،01ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺒﺎﺩ.2004 ،
-ﻧﻮﺍﻑ ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ،ﻁ ،1ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ،ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ.2002 ،
-ﻋﻠﻴﻮﺍﺕ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ،ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺪ
،29ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ.2015 ،01
-ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﺰﺭﻱ ،ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ-ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ
ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ،ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،ﻟﺴﻨﺔ .2009
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ:
-ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 76732ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ،1991/03/24ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻱ.ﺏ( ﺿﺪ :ﻭﺍﱄ
ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،01ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1993ﺹ .146
-ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 72894ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ،1988/02/10ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻑ.ﻉ( ﺿﺪ ﻭﺍﱄ
ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،4ﻟﺴﻨﺔ.1991
-ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 29432ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،1982/11/27ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﺏ.ﻝ( ﺿﺪ
)ﻭﺍﱄ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺭ.ﻡ.ﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺒﺔ( ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،01ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1990ﺹ.188
-ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ 51535ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،1987/05/16ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ
)ﻙ.ﻑ( ﺿﺪ )ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ( ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،03ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1990ﺹ.191
-ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ 104779ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ،1993/12/19ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ )ﻙ.ﻉ( ﺿﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ
ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻗﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ،3ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،1994ﺹ .206
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