CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION TO THE STUDY

In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of AI and robotics in a variety of

industries. In fact, it‘s estimated that by 2025, AI will have a global economic impact of $15.7

trillion.

The remarkable advancements in AI and robotics have revolutionized various aspects of human life.

From enhancing industrial productivity to simplifying daily tasks, AI and Robotics have shown great

promise in shaping the future (Yang & Lu, 2022). However, with all these, there are lots of concerns

regarding their potential negative impacts on humanity. This project delves into the critical

exploration of the adverse effects of AI and Robotics on human existence.

The rapid integration of AI and Robotics into our daily lives has introduced new challenges that

demand our attention and understanding. As these technologies continue to evolve, it becomes

crucial to assess their implications on various aspects of human life, ranging from the socio-

economic landscape to ethical dilemmas (Von Braun et al., 2022)

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

While AI and Robotics offer unprecedented opportunities and have many potential benefits, there is

a lack of understanding of their potential effects on workers and employments.

It is essential to be aware of the potential drawbacks they bring to human life. Understanding the

negative effects is crucial for devising ethical frameworks, policy recommendations and responsible

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implementation, ensuring these technologies serve as instruments of progress rather than

jeopardizing human welfare.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.3.1 Aim of the Study

The aim of this research is to better understand the potential effects of AI and Robotics on workers

and employment, by exploring the potential adverse effects of AI and Robotics on human society and

foster informed discussions about the responsible integration of AI and Robotics into society.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To investigate the impact of AI and robotics on the job market.

 To explore the ethical implications of AI and Robotics, including issues of privacy, security,

and accountability.

 To assess the potential risks and benefits of AI and Robotics for human health and wellbeing

 To identify policy recommendations for addressing the potential adverse effects of AI and

Robotics.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This research will focus on the adverse effects of AI and Robotics on workers and employment

which is a major concern in the world today and will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of

the challenges ahead with a particular focus on developed countries where these technologies are

already in use.

It will not cover the effects on developing countries, nor will it cover the effects of other aspects

apart from workers and employment.

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1.5 Significance of the Study

This research project on the adverse effects of AI and Robotics is significant because it will provide

policymakers with a better understanding of the potential effects of AI and Robotics on workers and

employment.

This understanding will help to inform future policy decisions, which could have a significant impact

on the lives of workers.

1.6 Limitations of the study

There are some limitations to this research, including the fact that it is difficult to predict the exact

effects of AI and Robotics on workers and employment, as these technologies are still in

development. Additionally, the findings may not be generalizable to all countries or industries.

Also, there is potential for bias in the data to be collected, since people will be sharing their negative

experiences and not their positive ones.

1.7 Definition of Terms

 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer or

a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually done by humans because they

require human intelligence and discernment.

 ROBOTICS: Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the

conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots.

 COMPUTER: This is a programmable device for processing storing and manipulating

information or data.

 ROBOTS: Robots is any automatically operated machine that replace human effort, thought

it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform function in a humanlike manner.
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 NEURAL NETWORKS: This is a method in artificial intelligence that teaches computers to

process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

The name behind the idea of AI is John McCarthy, who began research on the subject in 1955 and

assumed that each aspect of learning and other domains of intelligence can be described so precisely

that they can be simulated by a machine Even the terms ‗artificial intelligence‘ and ‗intelligent

human behavior‘ are not clearly defined, however (Yang & Lu, 2022).

Artificial intelligence describes the work processes of machines that would require intelligence if

performed by humans. The term ‗artificial intelligence‘ thus means ‗investigating intelligent

problem-solving behavior and creating intelligent computer systems‘(Abe & Da Silva Filho, 2002).

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially

computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing,

speech recognition and machine vision (Phlure, 2022). AI requires a foundation of specialized

hardware and software for writing and training machine learning algorithms. No single programming

language is synonymous with AI, but Python, R, Java, C++ and Julia have features popular with AI

developers.

In general, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data, analyzing the data

for correlations and patterns, and using these patterns to make predictions about future states. In this

way, a chat bot that is fed examples of text can learn to generate lifelike exchanges with people, or

an image recognition tool can learn to identify and describe objects in images by reviewing millions

of examples. New, rapidly improving generative AI techniques can create realistic text, images,

music and other media (Abe, 2019).

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AI has become central to many of today's largest and most successful companies, including

Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Meta, where AI technologies are used to improve operations and

outpace competitors (Miao et al,. 2021). At Alphabet subsidiary Google, for example, AI is central to

its search engine, Waymo's self-driving cars and Google Brain, which invented the transformer

neural network architecture that underpins the recent breakthroughs in natural language processing.

Artificial neural networks and deep learning AI technologies are quickly evolving, primarily because

AI can process large amounts of data much faster and make predictions more accurately than

humanly possible (Sun et al,. 2021).

While the huge volume of data created on a daily basis would bury a human researcher, AI

applications using machine learning can take that data and quickly turn it into actionable information

(Swarnkar & Rajout, 2023). As of this writing, a primary disadvantage of AI is that it is expensive to

process the large amounts of data AI programming requires. As AI techniques are incorporated into

more products and services, organizations must also be attuned to AI's potential to create biased and

discriminatory systems, intentionally or inadvertently.

The following are some advantages of AI.

 Good at detail-oriented jobs. AI has proven to be as good or better than doctors at diagnosing

certain cancers, including breast cancer and melanoma.

 Reduced time for data-heavy tasks. AI is widely used in data-heavy industries, including

banking and securities, pharma and insurance, to reduce the time it takes to analyze big data sets.

Financial services, for example, routinely use AI to process loan applications and detect fraud.

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 Saves labor and increases productivity. An example here is the use of warehouse automation,

which grew during the pandemic and is expected to increase with the integration of AI and

machine learning.

 Delivers consistent results. The best AI translation tools deliver high levels of consistency,

offering even small businesses the ability to reach customers in their native language.

 Can improve customer satisfaction through personalization. AI can personalize content,

messaging, ads, recommendations and websites to individual customers.

 AI-powered virtual agents are always available. AI programs do not need to sleep or take

breaks, providing 24/7 service.

The following are some disadvantages of AI.

 Expensive.

 Requires deep technical expertise.

 Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools.

 Reflects the biases of its training data, at scale.

 Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.

 Eliminates human jobs, increasing unemployment rates.

2.0.1 Artificial Intelligence: the impact on employment and the workforce

Although Artificial Intelligence dramatically improves our world in many ways, there are notable

concerns regarding the forthcoming impact of A.I. on employment and the workforce.

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There are predictions talking about millions of unemployed people in the next decades-primarily due

to the impact of Intelligent Automation and A.I. systems. In any case, the entire socioeconomic

system is entering a phase of accelerating transformation: markets, businesses, education,

government, social welfare, and employment models will be severely impacted (Team, n.d)

Tasks that are monotonous, can be easily automated; this can gradually make certain roles obsolete.

For instance, tasks and activities related to customer care/call center operation, document

classification, discovery and retrieval, content moderation are more and more based on technology

and automation and less on human work. The same is true for roles related to operation and support

of production lines and factories: humans are being replaced by smart robots that can safely navigate

the space, find and move objects (such as products, parts or tools) or perform complex assembling

operations (Gills, 2012).

A.I proves to be very effective in handling even more complex activities — those requiring

processing of multiple signals, data streams and accumulated knowledge in real-time. A

characteristic case is the autonomous vehicles that can capture and ‗understand‘ the environment and

its dynamics; they can ‗see‘, decide and act in real-time, towards well-defined optimization

objectives (Bohr & Memarzedah, 2012).

2.0.2 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence – Widespread Job Losses

There‘s no question that Artificially Intelligence (AI) and Automation will change the way we live;

the question isn‘t if, it‘s how and when. In this project, I‘ll be exploring both optimistic and

pessimistic views of how artificial intelligence and automation will impact our future workforce.

Technology-driven societal changes, like what we‘re experiencing with AI and automation, always

engender concern and fear—and for good reason. A two-year study from McKinsey Global Institute

suggests that by 2030, intelligent agents and robots could replace as much as 30 percent of the
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world‘s current human labor. McKinsey suggests that, in terms of scale, the automation revolution

could rival the move away from agricultural labor during the 1900s in the United States and Europe,

and more recently, the explosion of the Chinese labor economy (Barnhizer & Barnhizer, 2019).

McKinsey reckons that, depending upon various adoption scenarios, automation will displace

between 400 and 800 million jobs by 2030, requiring as many as 375 million people to switch job

categories entirely. How could such a shift not cause fear and concern, especially for the world‘s

vulnerable countries and populations?

The Brookings Institution suggests that even if automation only reaches the 38 percent means of

most forecasts, some Western democracies are likely to resort to authoritarian policies to stave off

civil chaos, much like they did during the Great Depression. Brookings writes, ―The United States

would look like Syria or Iraq, with armed bands of young men with few employment prospects other

than war, violence, or theft.‖ With frightening yet authoritative predictions like those, it‘s no wonder

AI and automation keeps many of us up at night.

2.0.3 Research Shows How AI Will Impact the Workforce

A pair of new studies announced today show how the impact of artificial intelligence into the

workforce will affect employees, their jobs, and what companies are doing to prepare for this new

world.

The first study, from the MAPI Foundation, said that the introduction of AI into the manufacturing

value chain will create new hybrid roles, where humans enable machines, and AI augments human

capabilities. The second study, sponsored by Genesys, shows that jobs in the manufacturing, retail,

telemarketing, and data entry space are most likely to shrink due to AI expansion, yet most

respondents said they are not afraid that AI/bots will replace their own jobs within the next 10 years.

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In a survey of U.S.-based manufacturers, almost three-fourths of them have not introduced new types

of AI-related jobs into their companies, and only 20% have comprehensively re-evaluated job roles,

titles, levels, and pay scales, in recognition of the need to attract employees with AI skills. But the

authors note that this is changing quickly. New roles in manufacturing include ‗data quality analyst‘

and ‗machine learning engineer‘, according to a new survey.

The study said more than 40% have created ―data scientists/data quality analysts‖ in their

workforces, and 35% said they expect to do so within the next five years. Manufacturers are also

creating ―machine learning engineers or specialists‖ (33% today, 70% within five years),

―collaborative robotics specialists‖ (29% today, 27% within five years), and ―data-quality analysts‖

and ―AI solutions programmers/software designers‖ (26% today, 40% within five years).

―Manufacturing is already facing a working shortage, and advanced technologies create additional

technical and workforce challenges to find and retain talent with the necessary digital skills,‖ said

Stephen Gold, president of the MAPI Foundation. ―Companies that acquire and cultivate new digital-

related skills will have a distinct advantage as AI reshapes the industry, including identifying new

roles for AI-focused jobs, such as leading AI strategy and supervising implementations.‖

2.0.4 The Impact of AI on Inequality, Job Automation, and Skills of the Future.

The basic reality is that the vast majority of people on planet Earth really only have one thing of

value and that is the value of their labor. The vast majority of people even in countries like the

United States, which is obviously a very wealthy country, really don‘t own much in the way of

property. The number of people that own enough capital that would sustain them, so that they do not

have to work is very small, and if you look throughout the whole world globally, it is even smaller.

Most people rely on the value of their labor and what‘s going to happen as a result of advancing

artificial intelligence and robotics is that a lot of that labor is going to be devalued and this labor is
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simply not going to be worth as much because technology is going to be able to do a lot of the

routine, repetitive, predictable type of jobs and tasks that people are now paid to do.

Maybe within 10 or 15 years, it will be quite obvious what‘s happening and that is going to be an

enormous challenge for our society in terms of figuring out how to structure our economy and

change things around so that we can all continue to thrive in that world. 10 to 15 years is not very

distant into the future. What makes you certain that the advancements are happening at such a rapid

pace?

10 to 15 years is a guess and it certainly could turn out to take longer than that. The main point is that

I think it‘s inevitable and it really does not matter too much whether it‘s 10 years or 20 years or even

30 years. Ultimately it‘s something that we‘re going to have to deal with.

2.0.5 The impact of artificial intelligence on employment

Technological development, and in particular digitalisation, has major implications for labour

markets. Assessing its impact will be crucial for developing policies that promote efficient labour

markets for the benefit of workers, employers and societies as a whole.

Rapid technological progress and innovation can threaten employment. Such a concern is not new

but dates back at least to the 1930s, when John Maynard Keynes postulated his ‗technological

unemployment theory‘ – technological change causes loss of jobs (Keynes 1937).

2.1 Theoretical Framework

This research involves the implementation of various theoretical concepts and methodologies to

create an effective solution to the various adverse effects of AI and Robotics on humans. This

research aims to explore key aspects and frameworks that can underpin the development of a web

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application like a blog that educates individuals on the various effects of AI and Robotics on

Humans.

Robots can create economic problems because they continuously replace humans. Robots can only

do what they are told to do, meaning they can‘t do more than expected without any command.

2.1.1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

Though it may be obvious, but robotics and artificial intelligence are two very different disciplines.

While we can have robots with artificial intelligence, it‘s equally possible for robotics to flourish

without AI, and indeed most systems currently do.

Robotics is the branch of engineering and computer sciences where machines are built to perform

programmed tasks without further human intervention.

Traditionally, robots are used when tasks are either too difficult for humans to perform well (the

movement of extremely heavy parts on an assembly line, extremely repetitive or both.

Though sometimes (incorrectly) used interchangeably, robotics and artificial intelligence are very

different things. Artificial Intelligence is where systems emulate the human mind to learn, solve

problems and make decisions on their own, without needing the instructions specifically

programmed. Robotics is where robots are built and programmed to perform very specific duties.

In most cases, this simply doesn‘t require artificial intelligence, as tasks performed are predictable,

repetitive and don‘t need additional thought. Despite this, robotics and artificial intelligence can

coexist. Projects using AI in robotics are in the minority, but such designs are likely to become more

common in future as our AI systems become more sophisticated.

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2.2 Related Works

This portion of the project report describes a few applications that are connected to the research topic

and system that is being developed. Many researchers have created educational blogs like the one

being created in this project and these blogs helps students and individuals to learn by providing the

necessary information they need. Some of these educational blogs are shown below:

2.2.1 SchoolBegin.com

Schoolbegin.com is a gem of an education blog that supports students preparing for pivotal exams

such as JAMB, WAEC, and NECO.

It offers vital resources and tips, making exam preparation a smoother journey. It is currently the best

education blog in Nigeria.

Fig 2.1: Schoolbegin.com

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2.2.2 Myschool.ng

Myschool.ng shines as a versatile education blog catering to students across all levels of education.

From admissions and scholarships to career guidance, Myschool.ng offers a wealth of information

for Nigerian students.

Fig 2.2: Myschool.ng

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2.2.3 Edugist.org

Edugist.org takes the lead as a premier education blog in Nigeria.

It delivers real-time news, trends, and insights about the Nigerian education sector.

Covering areas such as policy updates, technological advancements, and career guidance, Edugist

keeps you well informed.

Fig 2.3: Edugist.org

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

3.0 Introduction

This chapter gives a systematical programming approach and well-defined procedures that were

followed to develop the system. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a methodology is

defined as the study of the fundamental principles or investigative methods employed by a discipline.

A methodology details a set of steps, tools, techniques, and documentation resources essential for

project implementation. It articulates a comprehensive project plan aimed at ensuring increased

precision and effectiveness.

The chapter covers the system's design, data collection methodology, system prerequisites, input

specifications, diverse design methods, approaches, and devices compatible with the new system.

3.1 Methodology

This research work ―Adverse Effects of AI and Robotics on Human Life‖ will be a web-based

application and serves as a blog where users can register and login and they will be able to post their

own personal ideas about these effects and their blog will be uploaded, and also they can view blogs

posted by other users and these blog will be implemented on a relational database system (MySQL).

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Styles Sheet) and JQuery will be used to

design the web-user interface, PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) will be used as the server-side script

language to link the interface and the database.

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3.2 OVERVIEW OF NEW SYSTEM DESIGN

The newly designed system is a web-based application that serves as a blog where users will be able

to create an account and login to post their ideas and views about the effects of AI and Robotics to

humans. Also they will be able to view and read other users post and blogs. This blog will help to

educate and enlighten people about the adverse effect of AI and Robotics so that these technologies

can be used in the right ways that will only benefit humans.

3.3 OUTPUT DESIGN

The output design of the system was expressed through an interface displayed after registering an

account and signing in as an existing/registered user which will display series of blogs that has been

posted by other users .Users will be able to view and read blogs posted by other users on the

application and they can actually post their own personal ideas and views on the effects of AI and

Robotics to humans which will go live and can be viewed by anyone that logs in to the site.

Fig 3.1: Blogs posted by users

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3.3 INPUT DESIGN

The input system design is the part that allows users to log in in order to be able to enter data such as

Username, Address, Password etc. the main component of this being a form in two phases which are

the sign up and login form pages.

3.6 FILE DESIGN

In the design of the online blog about the effect of AI and Robotics to Human, it is essential to

consider several key factors. This includes defining the data structure, file formats, and naming

conventions, all while ensuring data integrity through validation, encryption, and error-checking.

Decisions regarding data storage location, backup and recovery strategies, access control, and data

archiving are vital for data security and system performance. Scalability and data migration plans

should accommodate future growth, and data compression techniques can optimize storage.

Synchronization mechanisms should be established if the system operates in multiple instances or

modules. Metadata and data purging policies facilitate data management, while audit trails record

changes for security and accountability. These considerations collectively form the foundation of an

efficient, secure, and organized data management system for users information on the blog.

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Column Name Primary Key Data type Not Null Auto Increment

ID TRUE INT YES TRUE

Username VARCHAR YES

Email varchar YES

Password Varchar Yes

Fig. 3.6 User Table

3.4.1 DESIGN TECHNIQUE AND MODELLING

There are several design techniques and modeling methods used in the design of the online blog. The

use case diagram illustrates the different use cases and actors involved in the system. These

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techniques help to ensure that the system meets the requirement of the users

Add comment Delete Blog

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 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Introduction

The main objective of this design is to implement a Web Based Blog. At the end of this design, an

online blog that is capable of running on a local server will be realized. In addition to this, a full

database driven site with good user interface will be achieved.

4.1 Software Requirement

The computer software is (in contrast to the hardware) logical programmes and instructions written

to govern the affairs and activities of the system, and also partner with the hardware to give

meaningful output, the software requirements are as follows:

1. Frontend: VS code

2. Backend: MySQL

3. Operating system: windows 7 or windows XP

4. Server: Apache Server

5. Internet explorer: Chrome, Mozilla firefox or default internet explorer.

4.2 Hardware Requirements

The computer hardware are the physical components of the computer system. The hardware

requirements to safely and securely run this web based system include the following:

1. Dual core processor.

2. 80GB HDD.

3. High definition audio device.

5. 15‖ CRT or LCD monitor

6. Normal or Multimedia keyboard.

7. Normal and Compatible mouse(Wireless, Wire, etc.)

4.3 System Implementation

System implementation refers to the procedural execution of incorporating or applying the system. It

entails the development of an executable program based on the design created during the design

phase. Its structure enables students and visitors to conveniently access the system from their own

locations using a web browser. This accessibility permits them to explore the entire platform at their

preferred times.

Selecting programming languages, additional tools and technologies such as framework, selecting

hardware platforms and coding the system are some of the main activities carried out during these

phase. The system is evaluated against multiple factors such as functional and non-functional

requirements in order to guarantee that it is working perfectly and meets all of its specified standards

during the evaluation phase of the software development process.

4.4 Graphical User Interface

4.4.1 MAIN MENU

This is the dashboard which was also the output design in chapter three explained earlier, it has lots

of display options, also serves as the homepage of the website.

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4.4.2 REGISTRATION PAGE

This is the page that enables individuals and bloggers to create accounts, by requesting for their

information and saving it to the database of the website. It is displayed as a form that users can input

their information on.

4.4.3 LOGIN PAGE

This is the page that enables individuals and bloggers to log in to the website, after they have

successfully created an account on the registration page. It is also displayed as a form.

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4.4.4 DASHBOARD

This has also been explained earlier in the output design, after successful logging in the website, it

displays the blogs that other users have posted and it contains some links that users can use to easily

navigate the website. It also contain a search bar that users can use to search for keywords and

contents containing the keywords will be displayed.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Introduction

As it is known that to every beginning there is an end with everything being under total submission

to nature, I have finally arrived at the last chapter of the project work, this chapter discusses in brief

about in the first second, third, fourth and the fifth chapter. Also included are the conclusions and

recommendation parts of this chapter.

5.1 Conclusion

AIINSIGHTSHUB, a type of blog is a website that will maximize and increase people‘s knowledge

about the effects of AI and Robotics.

We cannot totally depend on artificial intelligence as there are limitations with it and we need proper

supervision over artificial intelligence. We continuously need to develop our skills in order to move

equally with the progressive environment.

This review has drawn on literature from a range of disciplines to inform on-going discussions about

the effects of AI and robotics to humans.

To conclude, this web based blog will be a very good way to enlighten and educate people on the

Effects of AI and Robotics and it will enable people to pour out their mind on the various ways they

think AI and Robotics will impact humans negatively.

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5.2 Recommendation

This software developed for the implementation of this research can be used by any individual who

has access to internet connection and web browser and wishes to know more about Effects of AI and

Robotics or wants to post his/her idea about Effects of AI and Robotics.

The following recommendations are proposed:

1. Users should make sure that they post reasonable stuffs on the site and not things that does

not relate to what the site is about.

2. System users should ensure safe keeping of password since it provides access to the system.

3. The server should be managed by a database administrator who has undergone training on

using MySQL database.

4. There should be a regular update of the website so as to keep it running smoothly.

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