IT for Management:

On-Demand
Strategies for
4 Performance, Growth,
and Sustainability
Dr. Ebadati
Ph.D. (Computer Science),
Networks,
Chapter

Delhi
Collaborative
Technology, and
The Internet of
Things
Learning Objectives (1 of 4)
 Network Fundamentals Defined

• A computer network is a set of computers connected

together for the purpose of sharing recourses.
 Common Network Types

Acronym Type Characteristics Example

LAN Local Area Network Short distance connection Office
School
Home
WAN Wide Area Network Spans large physical Internet
distance Large company

WLAN Wireless LAN LAN based on Wi-Fi Internet

technology Large company
 Intranets, Extranets, and Virtual Private Networks
1. Intranets are used within a company for data access,
sharing, and collaboration.
2. Extranets are private, company-owned networks that
can be logged into remotely via the Internet.
3. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are used where
security of transmissions is a concern, because they
encrypt the packets before they are transferred over
the network.
 Virtual Private Networks

• A virtual tunnel routed through the Internet with software and hardware encryption.
 Network Terminology
1. Modem: a device that modulates/demodulates signal for
transportation
2. Modulation and Coding: Techniques used by modem to
adapt the signal to the media
3. Signal: Binary information we want to send.
4. Signal Frequency Spectrum: All the frequency
components of a signal
5. Media Bandwidth: Limit in range of frequency signals
6. Capacity Bandwidth: Maximum bits per second that can
be transmitted
Figure 4.4 Basic functions of business networks
 Quality of Service (QoS)
1. Latent-sensitivity: data such as real-time voice and high-
quality video.
2. Prioritized Traffic: data and apps that are time-delay-
sensitive or latency-sensitive apps.
3. Throttle Traffic: gives latency-sensitive apps priority,
other types of traffic need to be held back (throttled).
4. Traffic Shaping: the ability to prioritize and throttle
network traffic.
 The Net Neutrality Debate
1. Net neutrality, is the principle that Internet Service Providers
(ISPs) and their regulators treat all Internet traffic the same
way.
2. Traffic shaping, prioritizes the flow of traffic by delaying the
flow of less important network traffic.
3. In 2010, the FCC ruled in favor of “net semi-neutrality”, not
explicitly forbidding paid prioritization.
4. The FCC under the current administration may take further steps
to roll back net neutrality rulings, which could favor the cable
companies over consumers.
 Network Fundamentals
1. Name different types of networks.
2. What is meant by “bandwidth”?
3. What is the difference between an intranet and an extranet?
4. How does a virtual private network (VPN) provide security?
5. What is the purpose of a modem?
6. Describe the basic functions of business networks.
7. How do investments in network infrastructure impact an
organization?
8. Name the two tiers of traffic to which Quality-of-Service is applied.
Learning Objectives (2 of 4)
 Internet Protocols, APIs, and Network Capabilities

• Internet Protocol (IP) is the basic technology that

makes global communication possible. Each devise
attached to a network has a unique IP address that
enables it to send and receive files made up of packets.
 IP Addresses and Packets
• Figure 4.5: IPv4 addresses have four groups of four alphanumeric characters, which allows for 232 or
roughly 4.3 billion unique IP address. IPv6 addresses have eight groups of alphanumeric characters,
which allows for 2128 , or 340 trillion, trillion addresses. IPv6 offers also enhanced quality of service that
is needed by the latest in video, interactive games, and e-commerce.
 Broadband Technology: 3G/4G/5G
1. 3G networks support multimedia and broadband services over a
wider distance and at faster speeds than prior generation
networks. They use large satellite connections to
telecommunication towers.
2. 4G networks are digital, or IP, networks that enable even faster
data transfer rates. 4G delivers average realistic download
rates of 3 Mbps or higher (as opposed to theoretical rates, which
are higher).
3. 5G networks, the coming generation of broadband technology.
5G will dramatically increase the speed at which data is
transferred across the network.
 Network Technology Standards
1. WiMAX

a. IEEE 802.16

b. 30-mile range

c. 70 Megabits per second (Mbps)

d. Line-of-site not required

e. Same principles as Wi-Fi (using radio signals)

2. Long-Term Evolution (LTE)

a. GSM deployed by Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile

b. 100 Mbps downlink, 50 Mbps uplink

 Circuit vs. Packet Switching
1. Circuit switching

a. Older technology that originated with telephone calls

b. Inefficient for digital transmission

2. Packet Switching

a. Transfers data or voice

b. Files are broken into packets, numbered sequentially, routed individually to their
destinations

c. When received at the destination, the packets are reassembled into their proper
sequences
 Application Programming Interfaces and Operating Systems

• Application Program Interface (API) consists of a set of functions, commands,

and protocols used by programmers for OS-interactivity without having to write
a program from scratch.
• Can be automated for simplified usability

a. Twitter

b. Facebook

c. Amazon
Figure 4.7 API value chain in business.
 Internet Protocols (IP), APIs, and Network Capabilities

1. Why has IPv6 become increasingly important?

2. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
3. What is the purpose of an IP address?
4. What are the benefits of using an API?
5. What is the difference between 4G and 5G?
6. What is the most current network standard?
7. What benefits will the upcoming 5G network standard offer businesses?
8. What is the difference between circuit switching and packet switching?
Learning Objectives (3 of 4)
Figure 4.8 Four drivers of global mobile traffic through 2020
Mobile Data Traffic Milestone by 2020
 Wireless Networks and Mobile Infrastructure
• Mobile Networks

a. Bluetooth: short-range wireless communication technology allowing device

pairing

b. Wi-Fi: standard way to wirelessly connect computing devices through

routers commonly connected to the Internet

c. WiMax: transmits voice, data, and video over high-frequency radio signals
designed as alternative to cable and DSL
 Data Networks, IP Addresses, and APIs: A mashup of GPS and Bluetooth

• General term referring to the integration of two or more technologies such as

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi

a. Provide intelligence

b. Inter-Automobile collision avoidance

c. Sudden braking

d. Can automatically call emergency services

 Data Networks, IP Addresses, and APIs: Near-Field
Communication (NFC)
• Enables two devices within close proximity to establish a communication
channel and transfer data using radio waves
• More secure than other wireless technologies
• Examples:

a. Apple iWatch

b. Digital tickets providing access to concerts

c. Transmit public transport payment through phones

Four Important Factors When Choosing a Mobile Network
 Mobile Networks
1. What factors are contributing to mobility?
2. Why is mobile global traffic increasing?
3. What accounts for the increase in mobile traffic?
4. Give some examples of VoIP networks.
5. How is NFC different from RFID?
6. What are the two components of a wireless network
infrastructure?
7. What is Near Field Communication and how is it used in business?
8. What factors should be considered when evaluating a mobile
network?
Learning Objectives (4 of 4)
 Collaborative Technologies: Virtual Collaboration-Benefits

• Information sharing, between retailers and suppliers

(Example: Walmart and Proctor & Gamble)
• Retailer-supplier collaboration (Example: Asda Corp.)
• Lower transportation and inventory, costs and reduced
stockouts (Example: Unilever’s Transportation Business Center)
• Reduction of product development time (Example: Caterpillar,
Inc.)
 Collaborative Technologies: Group Work
• Group Work and Dynamics can be quite complex
• Group workers can be located in different places or work at
different times
• Group members may work for the same or different
organizations
• Data, information, or knowledge may be located in many
sources that may be external to the organization
 Collaborative Technologies: Brainstorming in the Cloud

• Companies are now using cloud-based online brainstorming

applications
• Avoids travel expenses, if members are geographically dispersed
• No restriction to number of sessions
• Examples

a. Evernote—features function to synchronize user’s notes

b. iMindmap Online—relies on mind mapping and other structured

approaches to help streamline work processes
 The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or “things”
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity,
that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

• Objects we interact with send signals to and from each other, collecting data

• IoT collects that data from millions of sensors embedded in everything from cars, to
refrigerators, to space capsules

• Half of U.S. manufacturers report they are currently using IoT technology to collect
machine data (Industry Week study, 2016)

• A smaller percentage (44%) are colleting data from sensors embedded in their products
 Advantages of IoT

• Monitoring performance, quality, and reliability of products

and services
• Gaining insight into potential new products and service
• Support sales
• Better understand product use
• Remote troubleshooting of products
• Deliver revenue-generating post-sales services
• More efficiently deliver post-sales services
 Disadvantages of IoT

• Network security
• Data privacy
• Data analysis capabilities
• Data collection capabilities
• Realistic efficiency opportunities
• Realistic new revenue opportunities
• Cost
 Collaboration Technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT)
1. Why is group work challenging?
2. What might limit the use of in-person brainstorming?
3. How can online brainstorming tools overcome those limits?
4. List ways in which virtual collaboration can be used in business.
5. What devices do you have that take advantage of the IoT?
Describe how they impact the way that you live and work.
6. What is driving the rise of IoT?
7. What is the main concern that organizations have about the IoT?
8. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of the
IoT? Explain.
Best Wishes
Do you have any questions?

[email protected]

ebadati.com

Omid Ebadati