2(a)

Show that lim

t →0
sin t=0

Solution.
Based on this theorem, lim
x →c
sin x=c where −1 ≤ x ≤1

So by substitution,
lim sin t=0
t →0

Same is true when looking at the graph of sin (x) on a cartesian plane:

2(b)
Show that lim cos t =1
t →0

Solution.
Theorem: lim
x →c
cos x=cos c where −1 ≤ x ≤1

So by substitution,
lim cos t =cos 0=1
t →0

Same is true when looking at the graph of cos (x) on a cartesian plane:

2(c)
1−cos t
Show that lim =0
t →0 t
 Solution.

( )( ) ( )( 1+sincost t )
2
1−cos t 1+cos t sin t sin t
= =
t 1+cos t t ( 1+ cos t ) t

lim
t →0
1−cos t
t
=¿ lim
t→0
sin t
t ( )( 1+cos
sin t
t)
¿

¿ lim
t →0
( sint t )∗lim ( 1+cos
t →0
sin t
t)

( )( )
lim sint
sin t t→0
¿ lim ∗
t →0 t lim 1+lim cos t
t→0 t →0

¿ 0∗( 1+10 )
¿ 0∗( )=0
0
2

2(d)
Show that lim sin(t +a)=sin a
t →0

Solution.
sin(t+ a)=sin t cos a+cos t sin a

lim sin(t +a)=lim sin t∗lim cos a+ lim cos t∗lim sin a
t →0 t →0 t →0 t→0 t→0

¿ 0∗lim a+1∗lim sin a

t→0 t→0

¿ ( 0∗a )+¿

2(e)
Show that lim cos ( t+ a )=cos a
t →0

Solution.
cos (t +a )=cos t cos a−sin t sin a
lim cos ( t+ a )=lim ( cos t cos a−sin t sin a )
t →0 t→0

¿ lim cos t∗lim cos a−lim sin t∗lim sin a

t →0 t →0 t →0 t→0

¿ ( 1∗cos a )−( 0∗sin a )

¿ cos a−0=cos a
 sin ∝
3) Show that limit of as ∝ approaches zero is equal to 1
∝
Solution.

y=sin(x)

y=cos(x)

Looking at the graph:

sin α
cos α < <1
α
lim sin α
α→ 0
lim cos α < < lim 1
α →0 α α→ 0

Where,
lim cos α =1
α →0

sin a
lim =?
α →0 a
lim 1=1
α →0

Then,
sin a sin a
lim cos α <lim < lim 1 1< lim <1
α →0 α →0 a α →0 α →0 a

sin a
So, lim is squeezed in between 1 and 1, which leads to a conclusion that
α →0 a
sin a
lim =1.
α →0 a

4)
 dy
The derivative of a function y=f (x ) denoted by f ' (x) or ,
dx
represents the rate at which y changes with respect to changes in x .
It corresponds to the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at a specific point.

It being a slope, we have:

rise change∈ y f ( x +h ) −f ( x)
Slope= = =
run change∈ x h

Now seeing what happens as the t average rate of change as the interval over which the change
measured approaches zero. We then take the limit as h approaches zero, this is expressed as:

' f ( x+ h )−f (x)

f ( x )=lim
h →0 h

5(a)
Solution.
d f ( x+ h )−f (x )
[ f ( x ) ]=lim
dx h →0 h
d f ( x +h ) g ( x +h )−f ( x) g(x)
[ f ( x ) g ( x ) ]=lim
dx h →0 h

f ( x +h ) g ( x +h ) + f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x) g(x)

¿ lim
h→ 0 h

f ( x +h ) g ( x +h ) + f ( x +h ) g ( x ) f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x )
¿ lim +
h→ 0 h h

¿ lim f ( x+ h )
[ g ( x+ h )−g ( x ) ] + g (x) f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
h→ 0 h h
lim [ g ( x +h )−g ( x ) ] lim f ( x +h )−f ( x )
h →0 h →0
¿ lim f ( x+ h ) + lim g ( x )
h→ 0 h h→ 0 h

¿ f (x) g' (x )+ g ( x ) f '(x )

5(b)
Solution.
d f ( x+ h )−f (x )
[ f ( x ) ]=lim
dx h →0 h
f ( x +h ) f ( x )
−
[ ]
d f (x)
=lim
dx g ( x ) h →0
g ( x +h ) g ( x )
h

¿ lim
h→ 0 (
1 f ( x +h ) f ( x )
−
h g ( x+ h ) g ( x ) )
¿ lim
h→ 0 (
1 f ( x +h ) g (x) f ( x ) g(x +h)
−
h g ( x+ h ) g (x) g ( x ) g(x +h) )
¿ lim
h→ 0 h (
1 f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g (x+ h)
g ( x +h ) g (x) )
¿ lim
h→ 0 h (
1 f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g(x )−f ( x ) g (x+ h)
g ( x+ h ) g (x) )
¿ lim
h→ 0 h (
1 f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g(x )−f ( x ) g (x +h)
g ( x+ h ) g (x)
+
g ( x +h ) g(x ) )
1
∗1
h
¿ lim
h→ 0 g ( x+ h ) g ( x )
[ ( f ( x +h ) g ( x ) −f ( x ) g ( x ) ) +( f ( x ) g ( x ) −f ( x ) g ( x +h ) ) ]

¿ lim
h→ 0
1
g ( x+ h ) g ( x )[f ( x +h ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x+ h )
h
+
h ]
¿ lim
h→ 0
1
g ( x+ h ) g ( x )[g (x)
f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
h
+ f (x)
g ( x )−g ( x +h )
h ]
¿ lim
h→ 0
1
g ( x+ h ) g ( x )[g(x)
f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
h
−f (x)
g ( x +h )−g ( x )
h ]
¿ lim
h→ 0
1
[lim g ( x )
g ( x+ h ) g ( x ) h → 0
f ( x +h )−f ( x )
h
−lim f (x )
h→0
g ( x +h )−g ( x )
h ]
1
¿ 2
[ g ( x ) f '(x )−f (x)g ' (x) ]
g(x)
g ( x ) f ' (x)−f ( x )g '(x )
¿ 2
g(x)
 4 x dx
6) ∫
( 1−8 x )
Sol.
du 2 −1
Let u=1−8 x 3, then =−24 x and that dx= du
dx 24

∫ ( 1−8 x ) =∫(
4 x dx 4x
u )( 24−1x ) du=∫ 6−1u du
2 4

1 1 −1
¿− ∫
6 u 4
du=
6
∫ −4
u du

¿ ( −16 )(−13 )u −3
+C

( )( ) ( )( )
3
1 1 1 1
¿ 3
+C= +C
18 u 18 u

( )
3
1 1
¿ +C
18 1−8 x 3

6(b) ∫ tan x sec x dx

2

Sol.
du 2 1
Let u=tan x , then =sec x and that dx= 2
du
dx sec x
So,

¿ ∫ tan x sec x dx =¿∫ u(sec x )

2 2
( sec1 x ) du ¿
2

1 2
¿ ∫ u du= u + C
2
1 2
¿ tan x +C
2
6(c) ∫ x √1−x dx
2

Sol.
du
Let u=x2 , then =2 x and that du=2 x dx
dx
dv
Let =√ 1−x ,
dx
Then, solving for v :
1
dv
=√ 1−x=( 1−x )
2
dx
3
2
Implies that v= ( 1−x ) 2
3

Integration by parts: ∫ u d v =uv−∫ v d u

∫ x 2 √1−x dx

( )
3
2 3
2 (1−x ) 2
¿(x ¿¿ 2) −∫ ( 1−x ) 2 d u ¿
3 3

( )∫
3
3
2 (1−x ) 2 2
¿(x ¿¿ 2) − ( 1−x ) 2 (2 x)dx ¿
3 3

[ ]
23
2 2∗2 5
2 x (1−x ) 3
¿ − ( 1−x ) 2∗x 2+C
3 5
3 5
2 2 2 2
2 x (1−x ) 4 x ( 1−x )
¿ − +C
3 15