Materials Today: Proceedings 49 (2022) 2912–2915

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Materials Today: Proceedings

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Numerical and analytical analysis for deflection and stress in a simply

supported beam
Jawad Karam Zaboon ⇑, Shatha Falih Jassim ⇑
Southern Technical University, Misan 62001, Iraq

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: A simply supported beam is examined for maximum deflection and stress under various loading condi-
Available online 22 November 2021 tions. Euler-beam Bernoulli’s equation is used to calculate the theoretical results. ANSYS 15.0 is the pri-
mary software used for the computational analysis. Compared to the commercial software ANSYS 15.0,
Keywords: the current technique has shown a remarkable degree of accuracy. It has also been observed for deflec-
ANSYS 15 tion, the Element 2 node 188, gives a closer value in all cases. In the case of stress analysis, this inference
Beam is exactly the opposite. As such, it can be seen that when trying to determine if a solid structure has been
Element
deflected, the user can choose 2 nodes 188 element as a selection if other preferences are unavailable.
Node
Deflection
Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Indo-UK International
Virtual Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Applications (ICANEE-
2020).

1. Introduction employed. According to the assumption that the beam is massless

inextensible, and without strain development, the beam length is
In this study, a simply supported beam has been studied [1]. calculated to be [11–13] meters. This differential equation is devel-
There are no restrictions on translations at the supports, but rota- oped mathematically, and it is loaded vertically midway between
tions are not allowed. Measurements have been performed to ana- the two ends of the span. A procedure identical to the one
lyze the deflection and stress values. The slope of the member’s described above is employed, whether the load is uniformly dis-
deflected shape indicates the distance of deflection under that load. tributed across the span or varying uniformly from one end to
When the beam is loaded, bending moment is developed in the the other.
same plane due to the different forces acting on it. the beam equa- . Can use the bending moment relation which is:
tion (Euler-Bernoulli) [2] is used, along with the bending stresses,  
2 2
to calculate the deflection of the beam element. ANSYS 15.0 is a EI d y=dx ¼ M ð1Þ
finite element analysis program that can be used for a variety of
applications. [3–4] software, cuts computational and financial Where E is the constant modulus of elasticity, I is the moment
expenditure for the product development process. ANSYS has been of Inertia which is given by bh3/12, b and h are the width and
employed by numerous researchers to verify and test their exper- the height respectively, and M is the moment established.
imental and numerical studies [5–10]. Case 1: A beam of length L is simply supported and is a vertical
concentrated load with a value of ’W’ applied halfway along the
span as in Fig. 1
2. Theoretical calculation The maximum moment at x = L/2 is:
M ¼ WL=4 ð2Þ
For calculations, a rectangular beam with a uniform cross-
section made of linear elastic isotropic homogeneous materials is And the maximum beam deflection with these boundary condi-
tions are obtained:
⇑ Corresponding author. y ¼ WL3 =48EI ð3Þ
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J. Karam Zaboon), shata.faleh@stu.
edu.iq (S. Falih Jassim). Assuming,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.298
2214-7853/Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Indo-UK International Virtual Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy and
Environmental Applications (ICANEE-2020).
J. Karam Zaboon and S. Falih Jassim Materials Today: Proceedings 49 (2022) 2912–2915

W W/unit length

L
Fig. 3. Simply supported beam under UVL.
L
Fig. 1. Simply supported beam under point load.

L = 100 m, b = 10 m, h = 10 m,v = 0.3, E = 2x107N/m2, F = 500 N.

Deflection (yB = 6.2510-4 m).
The equation (M/I)=(E/R)=(r/Y) led to the development of a
stress of rB = 75 N/m2.
Case 2, a beam that is supported is placed under a uniform load
of ’W’ distributed equally along the entire length of the beam as in
Fig. 2. The maximum moment at x = L/2 is

M ¼ WL2 =8 ð4Þ
And the maximum beam deflection with these boundary condi-
tions is obtained:

y ¼ 5WL4 =384EI ð5Þ

Assuming,
L = 100 m, b = 10 m, h = 10 m, v = 0.3, E = 2x107N/m2, F = 500 N.
Deflection yB = 0.0390625 m). The expression (M/I)=(E/R)=(r /Y)
led to the development of a stress of rB = 3750 N/m2. A stress of
3750 N/m2 was developed, and that was derived by the equation
(M/I)=(E/R)=(r/Y).
Case 3: The beam shown here is supported only along its length
and is subjected to varying uniform load, which means W is
applied at a constant rate per unit length as in Fig. 3. The maximum
Fig. 4. Distribution of displacement (point load).
moment at x = 0.577 L is

M ¼ 0:128WL ð6Þ
The maximum beam deflection occurs when the required
boundary conditions are satisfied, at which point the maximum
deflection is:

y ¼ 0:01304WL3 =EI: ð7Þ

Assuming,
L = 100 m, b = 10 m, h = 10 m, v = 0.3, and E = 2  107N/m2,
W = 500 N. Deflection, yB = 3.912x10-4 m
To arrive at a stress of 38.4 N/m2, the equation (M/I) = (E/R)= (r
/Y) was utilized.
4- The results of computations
Case 1: A beam of length L is simply supported and with ’W’
load applied halfway along the span. Element, 2nodes 188 (Fig. 4
and Fig. 5. The Von-mises stress measured was 74.625 N/m2, and
the maximum deflection measured was 0.000644 m.
Case 2-The beam is subjected to a (UDL). Element 2-nodes 188
(Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The Von-Mises stress, which measures how much

W/unit length

L
Fig. 2. Simply supported beam under UDL. Fig. 5. Distribution of stresses (point load).

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J. Karam Zaboon and S. Falih Jassim Materials Today: Proceedings 49 (2022) 2912–2915

Fig. 6. Distribution of displacement (UDL load). Fig. 8. Distribution of displacement (UVL load).

Fig. 7. Distribution of stresses (UDL load).

Fig. 9. Distribution of stresses (UVL load).

2
a material deforms, was 3749.25 N/m . The measured maximum
deflection was 0.040022 m (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) Measurements were made that resulted in the
Case 3: The beam subjected to uniformly varying distributed maximum deflection being 0.000381 m, and the Von-Mises stress
load (UVL) applied over its entire length. Element 2-node 188 measured was 36.561 N/m.

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J. Karam Zaboon and S. Falih Jassim Materials Today: Proceedings 49 (2022) 2912–2915

Table 1 CRediT authorship contribution statement

Deflection (m).

Deflection(m) Jawad Karam Zaboon: Software, Supervision, Conceptualiza-

Ansys Analytical Error% tion, Methodology, Visualization. Shatha Falih Jassim: Validation,
Investigation, Writing – review & editing.
Point load 0.000644 0.000625 2.95
UDL 0.040022 0.0390625 2.397
UVL 0.000381 0.0003912 2.6 Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-

cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
Table 2
to influence the work reported in this paper.
Stresses (N/m2).

Stresses(N/m2) References:
Ansys Analytical Error%
[1] W.H. Macaulay, A note on the deflection of beams, Messenger of Mathematics
Point load 74.625 75 0.5 48 (1919) 129.
UDL 3749.25 3750 0.02 [2] S. Timoshenko, History of strength of materials, McGraw-Hill New York, 1953.
UVL 36.561 38.4 4.789 [3] ANSYS. (Help Documentation).
[4] Strang, Gilbert; Fix, George (1973). An Analysis of The Finite Element Method.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-032946-0.
[5] Y.Z. Yin, Y.C. Wang, A numerical Study of Large Deflection Behavior of
3. Comparison results Restrained Steel Beam at Elevated Temperature, Elsevier, Journal of
Constructional Steel Research (60.2004.).
[6] Strength of Material by S.Ramamrutham, pg:235 Dhanpat Rai Publishing
Analytical data are shown in Table I and Table 2, which are then
Company 15th edition.
compared to the results of the calculation. When the analytical val- [7] Li Chen. An Integral Approach for Large Deflection Cantilever Beams. Elsevier.
ues for all loading conditions were compared to the computational International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. Vol.45. 2011
results for a commonly used element, 2 nodes 188, it was noted [8] C. Vega-Posada, M. Areiza-Hurtado, J. Dario Aristizabal-Ochoa, Large Deflection
and Post-Buckling Behavior of Slender Beam-Columns with Non-Linear End-
that the analytical results were much better. Table 1 restraints, Elsevier, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. 46 (1)
(2011) 79–95.
[9] T.S. Jang, H.S. Baek, A new Method for the Non- Linear Deflection Analysis of an
4. Conclusions Infinite Beam Restrain on Non-Linear Elastic Foundation, Elsevier,
International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. (46.2011.).
In conclusion, the results of analytical computations are consis- [10] Tzong-MouWu . Computer-Aided Deflection and Slope Analysis of Beams.
Journal of Applied Sciences. Vol.2. 2006.
tent with the results of the computational computations. It was
[11] Timoshenko, S.P. and D.H. Young. Elements of Strength of Materials, 5th
also discovered that while utilizing ANSYS, in the case of stress, edition. (MKS System).
the percentage error is more accurate value than error in deflection [12] E.A. Witmer (1991-1992). ‘‘Elementary Bernoulli- Euler Beam Theory”. MIT
in all types of loading except in UVL. Therefore, can choose and Unified Engineering Course Notes
[13] Ms. Kavita R. Kapadni, Prof. S. G. Ganiger, ‘‘A review paper on design and
check other element in the case of deflection analysis if no other structural analysis of Simply supported Gantry Crane beam for eccentric
preferences are available. loading”, Volume-2, issue-8.

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