READING SKILL

Prepared in fulfillment of the course assignment for

"English Language" subject.

By:

Group 3
BENING RAHMADHIANTY SIREGAR 2312009
NAZWA HAURA ANAYA SINAGA 2312069
ELSABILA SIHOTANG 2312020
SAHIDAH YAHYA DWI 2312050
ANGGUN MAULIRA 2312005
MUTIA SARI 2312037

COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
DELI HUSADA HEALTH INSTITUTE OF DELI TUA
2023
 FOREWORD

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty for all His blessings so that we
can compile this paper on time. Do not forget we also thank you for the help of all
components that have helped in the completion of this paper.
And we hope that this paper can add to the knowledge and experience of
readers, as well as all Indonesian people, especially students, so that in the future
they can improve the form and add to the content of this paper to make it even
better.
Due to the limitations of our knowledge and experience, we believe that in
the preparation of this paper there are still many shortcomings, therefore we really
hope for suggestions and constructive criticism from readers for the perfection of
this paper.

Wednesday, 22 November 2023

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 3

CHAPTER II CONTENT ...................................................................................... 4

2.1 Definition of Reading ............................................................................... 4

2.2 Types of reading ....................................................................................... 4

1. Silent Reading .......................................................................................... 5

2. Speed Reading .......................................................................................... 6

2.3 Principal in Speed reading ........................................................................ 9

2.4 Ten Tips to Improve Reading Speed & Reading Comprehension ......... 10

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION ............................................................................. 12

REFFERENCES ................................................................................................... 13

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

There is no doubt that the teaching and learning English processes in our
secondary schools have not achieved the targets as it is hoped. One of the indicators
is the big number of the problems faced by many new non-English Department
students in many universities to read many textbooks written in English, whereas
this ability is very needed to help them study in their campus. Almost all of their
books are written in English, and they have to deal with them for years. Without
having this skill, the students will not be able to grasp and understand the
information stated in the books. If they are reluctant to read the books and prefer to
use the internet, they will still find difficulties to obtain the information.
The main factors that cause these problems are their limited knowledge of
English vocabulary, and their lack understanding of reading skills such as:
skimming, making inferences, finding topic sentence and finding main idea. This is
quite disappointing since these skills are actually taught in their Junior and Senior
High School.
Reading is one way to get information from what it is written dan the best
way to command a world. Actually, reading does not always wasting our time, if
we know the technique to solve the problem. People unconsicous with the problem
of their reading. Most of people have satisfied with the condition of their ability of
reading. In level speed or comprehension. Whereas, in theoretician the speed and
comprehension in reading can be increased 2 or 3 times from the first speed and
comprehension. In speed reading we need to understand fast. The comprehension
is the base point of problem not the speed. A good reader will organize their speed
and choose the best way to get the purpose. Speed of reading will depend on the
material and purpose what you read and speed of comprehension one reading

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 CHAPTER II
CONTENT

2.1 Definition of Reading

Reading is a process used by readers to obtain the message intended by
the writer through written words/language media. It demands that groups of
words, as a unit, be seen at a glance and that the individual meanings of words
can be understood. If this is not fulfilled, both explicit and implicit messages
won't be captured or understood, and the reading process won't be executed
effectively.
Reading involves responding to written symbols by employing accurate
comprehension. This means providing a response to every expression of the
writer, enabling a thorough understanding of the reading material.
Other sources also describe reading as an act based on several skills,
including observing, comprehending, and contemplating.
In short, "reading" is "bringing meaning to and getting meaning from
printed or written material," extracting and comprehending the meaning
contained within written material.
Reading activity involves capturing and understanding ideas, a reader's
engagement in immersing oneself in the text. The reading process begins with
a mechanical activity, namely visual perception for those with normal sight,
tactile methods for the visually impaired. Once this process occurs, reasoning
and institutions work through the process of understanding and appreciation.
Additionally, reading activities emphasize accuracy and speed, language
competency or proficiency patterns, specific intelligence, and a broad range of
life references.

2.2 Types of reading

Types of reading greatly affect the speed of reading. Each of us is wired
differently from environmental influences. Many have learned to read word by
word from grade school, and have never been taught or informed the need to
improve upon that method.

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 When reading word by word, our eyes often skip back to a previous word
or line; we might also fixate on a single word even after it has been read. These
mechanical issues slow us down while reading and comprehending.
There are 3 types of reading
• Mental reading (Subvocalization): sounding out each word
internally, as reading to yourself. This is the slowest form of reading.
• Auditory reading: hearing out the read words. This is a faster
process.
• Visual reading: understanding the meaning of the word, rather than
sounding or hearing. This is the fastest process.
Mental readers generally read at approximately 250 words per minute.
Auditory readers read at approximately 450 words per minute. Visual readers
read at approximately 700 words per minute. Visual reading is a skill that can
be developed through continuous training and practice
1. Silent Reading
Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) is a form of recreational reading
activity in classroom, or in another definition, it is a form of voluntary
reading activity where a student reads something by his or her heart in a
duration of time without being burdened by questions that might come after
the reading activities. This independent method is not only interesting and
challenging but also: can improve students’ reading skills, can provide
peaceful reading activity and can give a chance for teachers to give
individual guidance.
Silent Reading Benefit
SSR as the method implemented in reading class because of several
considerations:
a. This method is practical and economical. It does not need much effort
to prepare or to conduct the research. For example, students were given
reading materials that had to be read and finished during the course. The
students chose a book as they like and they had to read it in 15 minutes
before the lecture started. The book could not be passed to other students
since they had to be responsible for the book in one semester. They were

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 also given a reading card that had to be filled after reading the book. The
card contained information about the starting reading time, how many
pages they had read, were there any difficult words they had
encountered during their reading. The card was not used as an
assessment tool. It just became a reminder for them about their progress.
b. This method does not disturb students’ activities in the reading classes.
During the method, not only the method was peaceful, this method could
be used as a way to wait the students that might probably come late. It
was hoped that when the SSR activity ended, all students had already
been present and sat on their own chair.
c. This method can be used as the Building Knowledge of the Lesson that
is a way to brainstorm students’ ideas or mind before they come to the
real material. Beside that if there is interesting questions resulted from
their reading activities, their questions can be used to enrich the quality
of the Reading Comprehension class.
2. Speed Reading
Speed reading is any of several techniques used to improve one's
ability to read quickly. Speed reading methods include chunking and
minimizing subvocalization. The many available speed reading training
programs include books, videos, software, and seminars. It can be called as
a speed reader if we can control rhythm with the goal, necessary, and the
material of reading also can answer at least 60% from the question.
Psychologists and educational specialists working on visual acuity used a
tachistoscope to conclude that, with training, an average person could
identify minute images flashed on the screen for only one five-hundredth of
a second. Though the images used were of airplanes, the results had
implications for reading.
Speed reading is a skill honed through practice. Reading a text
involves comprehension of the material. In speed reading practice this is
done through multiple reading processes: preview, overview, read, review
and recite; and by read and recall (recording through writing a short
summary or a mental outline) exercises. These processes help an individual

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to retain most of the presented ideas from a reading material. A better focus
in comprehension is through a better reading process with good
understanding of the topic.
It was not until the late 1950s that a portable, reliable and convenient
device would be developed as a tool for increasing reading speed. Evelyn
Wood, a researcher and schoolteacher, was committed to understanding
why some people were naturally faster at reading and tried to force herself
to read very quickly. In 1958, while brushing off the pages of a book she
had thrown down in despair, she discovered that the sweeping motion of her
hand across the page caught the attention of her eyes, and helped them move
more smoothly across the page. She then used the hand as a pacer. Wood
first taught the method at the University of Utah, before launching it to the
public as Evelyn Wood's Reading Dynamics in Washington, D.C. in 1959.
The objectives speed reading
There are objectives by speed reading. They are:
a. Knowing the topic
b. Knowing the opinion from the other person.
c. Getting the important imformation
d. Knowing the organization of writing.
Albert dalam Harras (1997) states the main purposes of speed reading:
a. Getting the summary of the book, article or short story.
b. Getting special information from what we read.
c. Finding the detail information.
The benefits of speed reading
Apart from saving time, here are some other advantages of speed reading:
a. Improved Memory and Focus
The brain is a muscle and needs to work out. Speed reading provides the
ideal exercise for your brain enabling you to improve your memory.
Also, when reading dense bodies of text quickly, your focus will
improve considerably.
b. Release Your Stress

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 Reading is a relaxing activity. If you read even a few pages of a good
book after a long day’s work, you will feel relaxed, and your stress will
be released. Also, your emotional well being will improve.
c. Enhanced Logic
Your logic is enhanced when your brain starts retaining and storing more
information. You can link the information you acquire now to what you
have learned before.
d. Better at Problem Solving
Your problem-solving skills will get better as you employ speed reading.
Problem-solving is all about concentration and logic, two things you will
acquire through speed reading techniques.
Some behaviors as barrier when we read
a. Reading with voice.
b. Reading with moving lips.
c. Reading wih moving head.
d. Pointing the line of content with fingers.
Some important points are:
a. Difficult to concentrate.
When you are not concentrate , the information is received by eyes
and continued to brain does not get enough attention so you will get
lost comprehension and you have to read over and over.
b. Low of motivation
Many people reads but they does not have a strong motivation for
what they read. Low of motivation mentally will make you as a
reader read slowly and our mind is stimulating to not work and
apprehend what you read.
c. Worrying about understanding the material
Have you remebered when you would in test and you had to read
everything literature? You will get apprehensive that too much
material to read. Feeling worried must have deleted from yourself so
you can read without forcing.

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2.3 Principal in Speed reading
a. Relax
While reading, keep the body in a relaxed state. Find a comfortable chair,
sit well, and ensure adequate lighting and keep the things that interfere with
concentration as: TV turns on, the music is too loud, or noisy place and a lot of
people walking around so distracting.Reading while you are lying down will
quickly make your neck stiff and eyes become tired. Avoid like the way reading
and other unhealthy ways because it will damage the body in the long run.
b. Determining your goal
Many people immediately opened the first page and start reading. Before
you do it, set in the heart of what you want to get out of reading it. Are you read
to obtain general information on a particular issue, or you want to know and
understand in depth the topics covered. Both had different goals require
different way of reading too.
Suppose you read a biography of a character. Ask yourself if you want to
know the story of his life when a little help these leaders become a great man,
or you want to understand the perspective of the character on an issue, and other
purposes. Setting goals will help you have a strong interest in reading.
c. Understand the reading material
Before you start reading a book, you need to find out and know the
material that will be read: the difficulty level, the structure of the chapter, the
style of the discussion, as well as how the book is organized through via text or
images.
d. Get the main ideas
In reading, master the fundamental ideas presented. Do not let these
details confuse you. By mastering the main idea, it is the detailed aspects of
reading material will be more easily understood.
e. Eliminating bad habits
Some people read while voicing what is read. This will cause your reading
speed equal to the speed of speech. Though the speed of speech people who nag
though still much lower than your brain's ability to master reading and
understanding it.

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 f. Train speed of eye movements and capture more words in one view
This last part is the essence of speed reading. That is how you read a few
words at a time and moving your eyes to catch those words quickly. Do not
worry that you ever lose understanding, trust your brain created by God it is
great to be able to assemble a collection of words had to be an understanding.
Imagine the analogy of a computer that has a super fast processor, that's your
brain. And the speed of your eyes in view verbatim likened sender channel data
to determine whether the speed of the processor is fully utilized or left in a state
of idle because there are no data that must be processed. I hope you got the idea.

2.4 Ten Tips to Improve Reading Speed & Reading Comprehension

a. Enroll in a Speed Reading Class
Avoid on-line speed reading courses and do-it-yourself speed reading
software. They don’t work. Speed reading is best learned in a speed reading
class taught by a knowledgeable, experienced, speed reading expert.
b. Use a Flexible Reading Speed
Some reading material must be read slowly and carefully: legal contracts,
mathematical equations, and poetry are a few examples. Other reading material
can be read at much faster speeds: newspapers, magazines, and novels. Adjust
your reading speed to the type of reading material and your reading purpose.
c. Preview Before Reading
Look through material first to get a sense of what’s interesting and
important to you, and what you might be able to skip. Then focus on the sections
that you need to understand and remember, and skim or skip the rest.
d. Avoid Highlighting
Although readers believe that highlighting in yellow (or any other color,
for that matter) improves their reading speed and comprehension, the reverse is
actually true. Highlighting simply means they don’t want to bother learning the
material right now. The result: They end up reading the material twice, and
possibly not understanding or remembering it either time!

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e. Write a Course of Action on Correspondence
Improve your reading speed and avoid re-reading correspondence by
jotting brief notes immediately after reading each piece of correspondence.
Simply refer to your notes on each piece when you’re reading to respond some
time later.
f. Read in the Proper Environment
Prop your book or magazine using a bookstand – angling your reading
material at 45 degrees improves your reading speed and reduces eyestrain.
Avoid reading difficult or important material in bed, where your mind and body
tend to relax. You’ll stay alert if you sit at a desk instead.
g. Form a Question
Improve your reading comprehension, reading speed, and concentration
by turning headings and subheadings in textbooks and other nonfiction books
into questions. Then scan the text for the answers. Your reading speed improves
by doing this, and you become focused on your material.
h. Skim Material First for Main Ideas
Speed read for main ideas in nonfiction works like how-to books and
educational texts. Scan the table of contents and first and last sentences of each
paragraph. You’ll improve your reading speed and comprehension if you
understand a book’s structure first. This will help you know which parts of the
book to skim and which parts to read more carefully.
i. Prioritize Your Reading
Create three piles for your reading materials – important, moderately
important, and least important. Then read the material in their order of
importance. You’ll improve your reading speed by doing this, and improve your
reading comprehension by getting to the important material first, when your
mind is clear and sharp.
j. Read Early in the Day
Many people can double their reading speed and improve their
concentration by reading the material that’s important to them early in the day.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) is a form of recreational reading activity in

classroom, or in another definition, it is a form of voluntary reading activity where
a student reads something by his or her heart in a duration of time without being
burdened by questions that might come after the reading activities. Speed reading
is any of several techniques used to improve one's ability to read quickly. Speed
reading methods include chunking and minimizing subvocalization.
Some behaviors as barrier when we read:
• Reading with voice.
• Reading with moving lips.
• Reading wih moving head.
• Pointing the line of content with fingers.

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 REFFERENCES

Chow, Ping-Ha& Chow, Chi-Ting200. Evaluating Sustained Silent Reading in

Reading Classes.
H. Hiebert, Elfrieda.2010. Revisiting Silent Reading: New Directions for Teachers
and Researcher
I Gusti Ngurah Oka. 2005. Membaca Itu Menyenangkan. Surabaya
Gardner, Steve.2005. Building Student Literacy Through Sustained Silent Reading
Meier, Dave.1999. The leraning Revolution. Bandung: Kaifa
Muchlisnoh. 2004. The Purpose of Reading. Malang:Tiga Serangkai
Nurhadi. 2006. Speed Reading and Effective. Bandung: Sinar baru Algensindo
Rose, Collin. 2002. Accelerated Learning. Bandung: Kaifa
Soedarso.2006. Speed Reading. Jakarta:PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama

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