DETERMINANTS -LNTRODUCTION On Qe Oia | Al = Qa (6 PY | Qs: Aga Osx >Number of rows = Number of columns Ci-e defined only Corresponding to square matyices) > The number of vows (os columns) of a determ- inant is called order of determinant. a Q, | is a determinant of order 2 or we b ba | can say thot it is o Second order determinant Number of yowos = 2 Number of Columns = 2. Note: Determinant is a special case of matrix Expansion of a Determinant a, bc a, 6 G| = b,c, + b¢,0,+ Cab - a,b,c, A, by Cy — yo, - 49,8,Minors And Cofactors Minors :— Minor Miz Corresponding to element aij of deveminant: | Ca;j3 | is the determinant cores- ponding to Submatyix obtained by eleminaking ith wow “and jth column. Note:- Minor of an element of a determinant of order n (n22) is a determinant of order 1-1 Cofactor :- Cofactor Aij corresponding +o element ay is defined as ~ Age Co Mi where Mi is minor of ay Note :~ Minors and cofactors of +he elements Qu, G, in the determinant Qn Qin O13 A =] An 2 3 Qs, 32 O33 Minor of On u = [Qo22. Qa3 Ax. 33= O22 Qszs— Qos Oza Cofactor of Oy a Ay = ©) Mn = O22 O33 — Qaa Qs. Minor of Oa Moy = Onn. Org Qs. Qas = Qi 93 — 1s Aa Cofactor of Qa Aa = (+1) Ma = — 1233 + Ais sr Value of determinant can be evaluate by adding the products of elements of any one. row Cor column) with their covresponding cofactors hence A = Qn Ay + Qi An + Og Ars (about Ri) A = Oy An + Qo Aa + Oz, As (about c) A = Qn An + Qos Ara + Qo As. Gbout c) Q. Find minors and cofactors of all the elements of the determinant | 1 =| a Sol’ for element “1” => My = 3, Au (-)) Sea toufor element “-2'> Mia = 4 An = Cy” “y= el for element "4" > Ma = -2 Ay = oe = 2 for element "3" = Mar = a Aw = Cit = 2 @. Evaluate | 2 | sk oh 2(2) — 4C1) Ga Sol” a) @. Evaluate | % 2+! [or So” = x(x) — (041) Se = (922) =F Q. Evaluate O Sine _— Case A =! -Sing oO Sing | = Cosa - Sing ° Sol. Expansion about , ea 220 | 0 Sing | — Sing |—Sina Sing -Sing 0 | Cosa OO — Cosd | -Singd 0 Cosa —-SiINBig ee eas Pos A= 0 — Sine (— Cosa Sing)— cosa (Sine Sing) A = Sine Cosd SinB — Sine cose Sing A= 0 Q.Find value_of ~ fox which 3 elas |S 20. Kak | rc a Sf, 22 o5 = 5- 8S we > = + 2/e Q. Evaluate | 9 3 -2 by expanding it along 1 9 3 | the Second Yow. = 1 Ss So! = ae = + ae = =e = Aas. SD eS S2eat = -1(4+9) ee 4) - 3 (2+6) ee SS Yo @. Show thot the value of the determinant tan(A+P) _tan(B+P) —_tan(c+P) | vanishes fox tan(At@) tan (@+Q) tan (c+@) tan (Atk) tan (8+R) tan (c+) all values of A,8,C,P,@Q 4R_ where A+tBt+C4+P4+QtR=0Sol’ after expanding the determinant tan(atP) tan @+Q) tan(c+e) + tan(B+P) tan(c+Q) tan(A+e) + tan(c+P) tan(At+a) tan(a+e) — tan(AtR) tan (8+) tan(c+P) — tan@+R) tan(c+a) tan (A+?) — tan(c+® tan(a+Q) tan(ete) = ——(1) mow 2 d+B8+y=0 than tand tang tany = tand + tang + tany hence_from (1) {tanta+p) + tanieta) + tantsa)} + { tan(ste) + taper) + tanetA) } + { tanketp + tantat@) + SA tantate) + tan@ta) + tantctP} - { tan@+R) + taneray + tantat?)} - { tantcR) + tan@+9) + taat6+P)} a = -0) FSP Note = Tf elements of a row (or column) ave multiplied with cofactors of any other Yow (or Column) then their sum is 3evd.Q. Find minose and cofactors of the elements of +he_determinant Sol? for “2” for “-3" fox 5" for “e" for ‘oO for ‘y” and verify thok 92 SS Ge On ees ah Qu Agy + OwAg. + Az A3z= 0 Mu = [0 Hf = =7Z0 [e5e2t An = Mn = -20 Min = | 6 a = —46 aed Ai = —Mi2 = 46 M3 = e = = 30 [5 Aw = Mis = 30 Ma = ie Sia 4 5 4 Aa = -Ma = 4 Mar = |2 5 |= -19 [4 -% Ao2 = Mar = -19 Mes = E a = 15 fee Ao; > -Mog = -/8for ale for *s" for = now Msi = 46 5 {= a9: [04s] As = Ms = -12 Msn = |2 S] = = 29 [6 4 | Azz = - Ms = 99 Ms3 = cE -3| = 12 6a204| Azz = Mss= 18 Qu Ag + Oir2Age + Oz Ags = 29 C12) + 63) (22) + 5(18) =0