GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SONEPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRESENTING
A PROJECT ON
“ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING IN ACADEMIC BLOCK”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF BY- 6TH SEM STUDENT

SHRI. DEBASIS LENKA BATCH-2019-22
( LECT. IN CIVIL ENGG.)
 2019-22 CIVIL ENGINEERING BATCH
• ABHISEK KUMAR NANDA
• ALIBHA HARIPAL
• BULU DANGA
• DEEPAK CHOUHAN
• DHARITRI RANA
• GOPAL BEHERA
• KAMALINI THAPA
• LAXMIPRIYA DANGA
• PRIYANKA BAGARTY
• PRAMODINI NAG
• PURNIMA JAL
• SASWAT RANJAN PATTNAIK
• SAYAD SARFARAJ ALI
• SHILADITYA SETH
• SWAGAT JHANKAR
• ASHISH KUMAR KHETI
• DEVRAJ PANDA
 CONTENT
1. WHAT IS RAINWATER HARVESTING

2. HISTORY OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN INDIA

3. OBJECTIVES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.

4. DIFFERENT METHODS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.

5. COMPONENTS OF THE RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM.

6. ADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.

7. DISADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.

8. RAINWATER HAVESTING AT THE ACADEMIC BLOCK OF GP SONEPUR

9. DATA COLLECTION

10.SITE STUDY

11.CONCLUSION

12.REFERANCE
 WHAT IS RAINWATER HARVESTING
• Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of
rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected
from a roof-like surface and Redirected to a tank.
• Rainwater harvesting is manmade way to collect and store
the rainwater and use it when needed. Mostly water is
collected from hard surfaces like rooftop and other raised
solid surfaces.
• In India, rainwater harvesting has been in practice for more
than 4000 years. It is basically a simple process of
accumulating and storing of rainwater. Rainwater harvesting
systems, since ancient times, has been applied as a Supply
for drinking water, water for irrigation, and water for
livestock.
HISTORY OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN INDIA
• In ancient India, there was a tradition of developing a rainwater
harvesting system. People knew the rainfall regimes. Rooftop
rainwater harvesting was practiced to store drinking water,
particularly in Rajasthan. In Bikaner and Barmer regions most of the
houses have underground tanks or tankas, for storing drinking water
• The tankas were built inside the house or in the courtyard. These are
connected to the sloping roofs of the houses with a pipe. The first
spell of rain is used for cleaning the roofs and the pipes. The rain
water thus collected is considered as the purest form of water. It is an
extremely reliable source of drinking water.
• In arid regions, the agriculture fields are used to store water which
can moisten the soil, like khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other
parts of Rajasthan.
• Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India which has made
rooftop rainwater harvesting structures compulsory to all the houses
across the state.
OBJECTIVES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.
• It is a technique of increasing the recharge of
groundwater by storing rainwater locally, through roof
water harvesting, refilling of dug wells, recharging of
hand pumps, construction of percolation pits, trenches
around fields and bunds or dams on small rivulets. The
main objectives of rainwater harvesting are:
• To meet the increasing demand of water.
• To reduce the run-off which chokes the drains?
• To avoid the flooding of roads.
• To raise the underground water table.
• To reduce groundwater pollution.
• To reduce soils erosion.
• Supplement domestic water needs.
DIFFERENT METHODS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
• Various methods of using roof top rainwater harvesting are
illustrated in this section.
1.STORAGE OF DIRECT USE:-
In this method, rainwater collected from the roof of the
building is diverted to a storage tank. The storage tank has to
be designed according to the water requirements, rainfall, and
catchment availability.
Each drainpipe should have a mesh filter at the mouth for a
filtration system before connecting to the storage tank. Each
tank should have an excess water overflow system.
Excess water could be diverted to the underground flowing
system. Water from storage tanks can be used for secondary
purposes such as washing and gardening etc. This is the most
cost-effective way of rainwater harvesting
• The main advantage of collecting and using rainwater during
the rainy season is not only to save water from conventional
sources but also to save energy incurred on transportation
and distribution of water at the doorstep.
2. RECHARGING OF BORE WELLS:-
• Rainwater collected from the rooftop of the building is
diverted through drainpipes to settlement or filtration tank.
After settlement, filtered water is diverted to bore wells to
recharge deep aquifers. Abandoned bore wells can also be
used for recharge.
• Optimum capacity of the settlement tank/filtration tank can
be designed based on the area of catchment, intensity of
rainfall, and recharge rate. While recharging, entry of floating
matter and silt should be restricted because it may clog the
recharge structure.
3.RECHARGE PITS:-
• Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular,
square, or circular contracted with brick or stone
masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. Top of
the pit can be covered with perforated covers. The
bottom of the pit should be filled with filter media.
• The capacity of the pit can be designed based on the
catchment area, rainfall intensity, and recharge rate of
the soil. Usually, the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to
2 m width and 2 to 3 m deep, depending on the total
rainfall in that area.
• These pits are suitable for small houses
COMPONENTS OF THE RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
1.CATCHMENT:-
• The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of
rainwater harvesting system. It may be a terrace, courtyard, or
paved or unpaved open ground.
• The terrace may be a flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof.
Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes
rainwater to the harvesting system.
2.TRANSPORTATION:-
• Rainwater from the rooftop should be carried through down to
take water pipes or drains to the storage/harvesting system.
Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of the
required capacity.
• Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and
down take the pipe. At terraces, the mouth of each drain should
have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
3.FILTER:-
• Filters are used for the treatment of water to effectively remove
turbidity, color, and microorganisms coming from roof
• Some these filters are:-
a) Wire mesh
b) Filtering device
ADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
1.Easy to Maintain:
• Utilizing the rainwater harvesting system provides certain
advantages to the community. First of all, harvesting rainwater
allows us to better utilize energy resource. It is important to do
so since drinking water is not easily renewable and it helps in
reducing wastage.
• The overall cost of their installation and operation is much lesser
than that of water purifying or pumping systems.
2.Reducing Water Bills:
• Water collected in the rainwater harvesting system can be put to
use for several non-drinking functions as well. For many families
and small businesses, this leads to a large reduction in their
utilities bill.
3.Reduces Demand on Ground Water:
• With increase in population, the demand for water is also
continuously increasing. The end result is that many
residential colonies and industries are extracting ground water
to fulfill their daily demands.
• This has led to depletion of ground water which has gone to
significant low level in some areas where there is huge water
scarcity.
4.Reduces Floods and Soil Erosion:
• During rainy season, rainwater is collected in large storage
tanks which also help in reducing floods in some low lying
areas. Apart from this, it also helps in reducing soil erosion
and contamination of surface water with pesticides and
fertilizers from rainwater run-off which results in cleaner lakes
and ponds.
5.Can be used for Several Non-drinking Purposes:
• Rainwater when collected can be used for several non-
drinking functions including flushing toilets, washing clothes,
watering the garden, washing cars etc. It is unnecessary to use
pure drinking water if all we need to use it for some other
purpose rather than drinking.
DISADVANTAGES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
1.Unpredictable Rainfall:
• Rainfall is hard to predict and sometimes little or no rainfall can
limit the supply of rainwater. It is not advisable to depend on
rainwater alone for all your water needs in areas where there is
limited rainfall
2. Initial High Cost:
• Depending on the system’s size and technology level, a
rainwater harvesting system may cost anywhere between
Rs.20k to Rs.20 lac and benefit from it cannot be derived until it
is ready for use.
3.Regular Maintenance:
• Rainwater harvesting systems require regular maintenance as
they may get prone to rodents, mosquitoes, algae growth,
insects and lizards. They can become as breeding grounds for
many animals if they are not properly maintained.
4.Certain Roof Types may Seep Chemicals:
• Certain types of roofs may seep chemicals, insects, dirt
or animals droppings that can harm plants if it is used for
watering the plants.
5.Storage Limits:
• The collection and storage facilities may also impose
some kind of restrictions as to how much rainwater you
can use. During the heavy downpour, the collection
systems may not be able to hold all rainwater which ends
in going to drains and rivers.
 RAINWATER HAVESTING AT THE
ACADEMIC BLOCK OF THE GP SONEPUR
• The Govt. Polytechnic Sonepur is a wide spread educational
campus with a vast area of around 10 acres. This institute have
7 building, they are
1. Administrative block
2. Workshop
3. Cafeteria
4. Boys hostel
5. Girls hostel
6. Academic block
7. Staff quarters
• There are 700 students studying in the academic block whose
daily requirement has to serve. Due to this fact there can be a
possible water shortage in the future. The nearby water –
tables are being exploited daily at the fast place and there are
lots tree and plants which requires this water.
• Therefore it is necessary to have a rainwater harvesting
system in the academic block of GP Sonepur for the student,
staff and also for the tree and plants.
DATA COLLETION
• The Government Polytechnic Sonepur is located in the
district of Sonepur.
• The district enjoys tropical climate characterized by
summer’s cold winters & rainy. The winter season
generally commences from late November & continues
up to the end of February.
• It is observed that about 90% of the total annual rainfall
takes place due to South West monsoon between the
middle of June & mid-October. The northeast monsoon
gives erratic & insufficient rainfall. The normal annual
rainfall is 1443.5mm. The rainfall is highly erratic both in
space and time. There is a large variation as observed
from the rainfall data of various blocks.
• The summer season commences from March & continues till
middle of June where the maximum temperature varies from
34.3°C to 47.7°C. May being the hottest with the mean daily
maximum temperature of 41.4°C while December is the
coldest month of the year when the temperature drops down
to 6°C.
• The average monthly rainfall data are being taken from the
Odisha premier Science and Technology organization, National
Informatics Centre (NIC), Bhubaneswar. Again it’s followed
that, “Sonepur‟ is a small city and thus has a uniform average
rainfall throughout the city in all location. Thus monthly
rainfall data of the Sonepur city is given below in the table
which is assumed to be same for the Academic block of GOVT.
POLYTECHNIC SONEPUR.
Rainfall data of year 2021 in Sonepur
MONTHLY NORMAL RAINFALL DATA OF SONEPUR
MONTH RAINFALL IN MM
JANUARY 10.6
FEBRUARY 9.9
MARCH 15.1
APRIL 16.1
MAY 36.3
JUNE 213.9
JULY 385.7
AUGUST 427
SEPTEMBER 213.3
OCTOBER 40.1
NOVEMBER 11.7
DECEMBER 8
 SITE STUDY
• As discussed earlier we clearly came to know that all the
advantages which we can draw out by implementing this small
but highly efficient technique in the campus.
DETAILS OF MATERIAL USED
• Soil excavation at a volume of – 5ft x 5ft x 4ft
• Underground tank- 250 litres
• Overhead tank-500 litres
• 3 inch pipe -15 pieces
• 1 inch pipe- 2 pieces
• 3 inch elbow – 12 pieces
• 3 inch socket- 13 pieces
SITE WORK DETAILS
• First we select the site area inside the academic block for
placing the underground tank and overhead tank.

• Then we mark and leveled for excavation for the underground

tank.
• Then we measure piping length required for this project

• Then we excavated the soil for placing the underground tank.

• Then we fitted the 3 inch pipe at the parapet wall of top of the
building with elbow joint.

• Then we made a base for the overhead tank on the side of the
excavated section of height 3ft and length 4ft with brick and
cement mortar.
• Then we place the 500ltr. Tank on the base and fitted the 3
inch pipe on the tank.

• Then we placed a 4 inch height of cement concrete layer in

the excavated section for the base of the underground tank.
• Then we place a layer of fine aggregates of height 4 inch on
the concrete layer with water.
• Then we put the underground tank with holes in it connected
with 1 inch pipe to the overhead tank.
• Then we put some stone on the outer side of the underground
tank for better infiltration .

• Then we make a side walls with cement mortar for protecting

the flow of soil due to runoff of water during rain.
• Also we make a wall outside the underground tank for
protecting the underground tank.
• Then we put the excavated soil in between the two walls for
strengthen the structure.

• Then we plaster the outer wall and also the base of over head
tank.
• Then a white paint is painted on the wall and also the base of
overhead tank for good looking appearance.
 CONCLUSION
• The water which is coming from roof top is stored in the
overhead tank and when the overhead tank is full then it can
flow through the underground tank with holes. The overflow
water can pass through the holes and go to the soil. Hence
there is no overflow at all.
• Then the water which is store in tank is used in different
purpose like watering the plants in the academic block,
washing etc.
• Hence it was finally concluded that implementation of
RAINWATER HARVESTING PROJECT to the ACADEMIC BLOCK
of GOVT. POLYTECHNIC SONEPUR will be the best approach to
fight with present scenario of water scarcity in all aspects,
whether it is from financial point of view or from optimum
utilization of land surface.
 REFERENCES
• S.K GARG Table 7.31, Chapter Hydrology and runoff computation,
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING & HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
• BULIDING CONSTRUCTION ,BY RANGWALA
• Punmia, B.C. and Jain, Ashok, and Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, R.C.C.
Designs Book.

• Web portal support (INTERNET)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting
• https://www.cseindia.org/rainwater-harvesting-1272
• http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Urban/Components.htm
• https://blog.mygov.in/water-conservation-rainwater-harvesting/
• https://www.ctc-n.org/technologies/rainwater-harvesting
• https://rainfall.nic.in/PubRainChart.asp
• https://rainfall.nic.in/
• https://mausam.imd.gov.in/bhubaneswar/mcdata/rfnormal.pdf
FIELD WORK