76
Chapter (3)
Series of numbers
W.L 76
77
W.L 77
78
W.L 78
79
W.L 79
80
W.L 80
81
W.L 81
82
W.L 82
83
W.L 83
84
W.L 84
85
W.L 85
86
W.L 86
87
W.L 87
88
W.L 88
89
W.L 89
90
W.L 90
91
W.L 91
92
W.L 92
93
W.L 93
94
W.L 94
95
W.L 95
96
Solved exercises
Exercise1. Find the sum of the following series:
5k 2
k
1 2n
(2) 3
4
(1)
k 1 k ( k 2) k 0 5
(3)
k 0 8k 1
(4)
n 0 n2
n n
2 1 1
Solution. (1) Sn 2 2( )
k 1 k (k 2) k 1 k k 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
2 (1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3
3 2 4 3 5 n n2 n 1 n 2
4
lim Sn 3 . So the series is convergent and
n
k (k 2) 3
k 1
(2)
5k 2
k
5 1 1600
(3) 8 k 1
8(5) 2
200 5
k 0 8 3
k 0
1
8
1 2n 1
(4) It is known that n 2n
n n2
. Since n is divergent, then by CT the series
n 0
2n
n 0 n2
is divergent and it has no sum.
W.L 96
97
W.L 97
98
Exercise4. Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent:
2n
(1)n
n!
1) n 1 nn
2)
n 1 2n 3n
1
1 2 3 n n
3) 4) 4 1 x 4 dx
n 1 n2 n 1 0
Solutions.
(n 1)! n n n
n
n! a
1) If an n , then n 1
n an (n 1) n 1 n ! n 1
an1 1 1 n!
lim
n
lim 1. So by ratio T
an n (1 1 )n e
n
n 1
n
is convergent.
2n 2n 1 2n 6n
2) an 0 , an 1 a 0
2n 3n 2n 1 3n 1 2n 3n (2n 1 3n 1 )(2n 3n )
n
(2 / 3) n
Thus a n is decreasing. Finally lim an lim 0.
n n (2 / 3) n 1
2n
By AST (1)n
n 1 2n 3n
is convergent.
We can also prove the absolute convergence of the series, and then it is convergent.
1 2 3 n n (n 1) 1
3) an 2
2
and lim an 0 .
n 2n n 2
So by nth term test the series diverges.
n n
n2 2
4) First we note that an 4
1 x dx x dx . (an ) 1 2
4
0 0
2 n
2
Using CT with the convergent series n
n 1
2
the given series (a )
n 1
n
1
is convergent.
W.L 98
99
Ex5. Prove that if an2 and
n 1
b
n 1
2
n
converge, then the series:
(1) anbn converges.
n 1
(2) (a
n 1
n bn )2 converges.
an
(3) n
n 1
absolutely converges.
Solution. (1) Using inequality anbn an2 bn2 and that the series (a
n 1
2
n bn2 ) converges we
conclude that the series a b
n 1
n n
converges absolutely, therefore it is convergent.
(2) Referring to the given conditions and part (1) we get the convergence of the series (2).
1
(3). Let bn . Using part (1) we get (3).
n
Unsolved exercises
W.L 99
100
Unsolved exercises
Ex1. Use the integral test to determine the convergence or divergence of the following series:
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) n3
n 1
(b) n
n 1
2
1
(c)
3 5 7 9
Ex2. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:
Ex3. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges (absolutely or
conditionally) or diverges:
W.L
100
101
Ex4. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:
n 1
ln
n 1
n
2n 3 5
(a)
n 1
ln
n
(b)
n 1 n
(c)
n 1 n 4 sin 2 n
Ex5. Using any appropriate method to decide whether each series converges or diverges:
k
xn
(a)
n 1
k 1
n 4
(b) n
n 1
where 1 and xn 0 with lim xn L
n
n
k!
(n !) 2
(c) (2n)! (d) (2n)! 4 n
n 1 k 1 n 1
( 1) n
n2 1 1
n
(e) 2 (f) sin
n 1 n 1 2n n
(g)*** sin ( n2 k 2 )
n 1
(h)*** sin n
n 1
Ex6. A ball is dropped from a height of 16 meters. Each time it drops h meters, it rebounds 0.81h
meters. Find the total distance traveled by the ball (We consider the ball to fall and bounce non-stop).
Ex7. Suppose an is a bounded sequence and bn is a sequence such that
an bn an 1 n N
(a) prove that the sequences an and bn are convergent.
(b) If lim bn L find lim an .
n n
Ex8. Let xn be a bounded sequence and xnk be a monotone subsequence.
Show that xnk is convergent.
W.L
101
102
Answers
Ex1. (a) D (b) C (c) D
Ex2. (a) C (b) D (c) D (d) C
Ex3. (1) CC (2) AC (3) AC (4) CC (5) CC
(a) CC (b) D (c) C (d) D (e) D (f) AC (g) C
Ex4. (a) D (b) C (c) D
Ex5. (a) C (b) C (c) C (d) D (e) C (f) D (g) C
(h) convergent if k , k ; divergent if k , k
Ex6. The total distance traveled by the ball is: d 152.42 meters.
W.L
102
