Scribd
Upload
117 views

Lecture 17-UT

This document provides information about ultrasonic testing calibration. It discusses the different zones of the ultrasound sound beam, including the dead zone, near zone, and far zone. It describes various calibration blocks including V-1, V-2, and step wedge blocks. It explains how to use these blocks to calibrate an ultrasonic testing device, including adjusting the distance, sensitivity, resolution, angle, and detecting the dead zone. The document also discusses testing welds according to ASME code standards.

Uploaded by

samrn8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views

Lecture 17-UT

This document provides information about ultrasonic testing calibration. It discusses the different zones of the ultrasound sound beam, including the dead zone, near zone, and far zone. It describes various calibration blocks including V-1, V-2, and step wedge blocks. It explains how to use these blocks to calibrate an ultrasonic testing device, including adjusting the distance, sensitivity, resolution, angle, and detecting the dead zone. The document also discusses testing welds according to ASME code standards.

Uploaded by

samrn8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

1

NON DESTRUCTIVE
TEST - NDT
ULTRASONIC TESTING
LEVEL II

Address : 24 El-Gahez St., Haey Sabeaa, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt


LECTURE 3
Phone : +20 01012000780- +20 01012000760

Fax : 02-23877325

Website : www.kit-egy.com

Email : [email protected]
Lecture 3
UT Calibration
3

In this lecture we will know:

➢ The zones of the sound beam

➢ Meaning of calibration

➢ Calibration blocks (V-1, V-2, Step wedge)

➢ The usage of calibration blocks

➢ How to calibrate UT device


The sound beam meet three zones
➢ Dead Zone

➢ Near Zone

➢ Far Zone

Dead Zone
➢ The area where no reflection of a defect can be observed

➢ If a defect was close to the surface, the reflected sound would

arrive back at the transducer while it was still transmitting

Dead zone = Velocity X Pulse duration


Near Zone
➢ The sound beam spreads beyond the face of the
transducer and varies in intensity
➢ The ultrasound intensity along the beam is affected by
constructive and destructive wave interference
2
D
Near Zone = The smaller the transducer diameter, the
4 shorter the near field
V
=
f
The lower the frequency of the
2
D f transducer, the shorter the near
Near Zone = field
4V
What is the near zone length of a 5MHz compression
probe with a crystal diameter of 10mm in steel?

2
D f
Near Zone =
4V
10  5,000,000
2
=
4  5,920,000
= 21.1mm
7

Far Zone

1998
24 Nov
In the far zone sound pulses spread out as they move away
from the crystal

θ θ/2

 K KV
Sine = or
2 D Df
8

K = constant for the edge of the beam spread


D = diameter of crystal
λ = wavelength
v = velocity of sound in material
f = crystal frequency

What is the beam spread of a 10mm,5MHz


compression wave probe in steel?
 KV
Sine =
2 Df
1.08  5920
=
5000  10
= 0.1278 = 7.35o
UT Calibration

What is calibration ?
It is the activity of checking by comparison with standard,

the accuracy of a measuring instrument of any type, It may

also include adjustment of the instrument to bring into

alignment with the standard

In UT we use standard blocks to


➢ Calibrate UT device

➢ Examine & Evaluate the defect


10

1- Calibration Blocks
➢ Step Wedge Block
➢ V-1 Block (IIW Block)
➢ V-2 Block (IIW Block)

2- Examination Blocks
➢ Lamination Block
➢ Welded Plate

3- Evaluation Blocks according to ASME


➢ Piping Block
➢ Non piping Block
Calibration Blocks
11

V-1 Block

1998
24 Nov
12

➢ Usage
It used to calibrate the device to inspect the parts by using of
Normal probes, to measure the thickness of part and indicate the
depth of defect, it is called Normal calibration and also it can be
used to calibrate shear waves

In V-1 block we make a normal calibration so, we need to


calibrate:
➢ Distance
➢ Sensitivity
➢ Resolution
➢ Dead zone
Normal calibration
13

How to do calibration by using V-1 Block


Step 1: adjust probe angle = 0
Step 2: adjust velocity
Step 3: put the probe on block to measure the thickness of probe
then you adjust the thickness from probe delay to 25mm
Step 4: put the probe on block to check the length of block, it will
give you 100mm
Step 5: put the probe on a block to check the resolution the screen
will show 3 peaks at 85,90,100 mm
Step 6: put the probe on a block above the plastic insert to detect
the dead zone
. If the devices gives you a separated peak at 5mm it means the
dead zone is smaller than 5mm
. If the device doesn’t give you a separated peak at 5mm put the
probe on the other side of plastic insert, it will give you a separated
peak at 5mm it means
5mm ˂ Dead zone ˂ 10mm
Calibration Blocks 14

V-2 Block
15

➢ Usage
It used to calibrate the device to inspect the parts by using
of Angle probes (45,60,70) , it is called shear
calibration

In V-2 block we make shear calibration so, we need to


calibrate:
➢ Distance
➢ Angle
➢ Sensitivity

❖ We will know each of them in detail in practice


Shear calibration
16

How to do calibration by using V-2 Block


Step 1: adjust probe angle = 70°
Step 2: adjust velocity
Step 3: put the probe on a small scale in which face of probe to
the small curve and move it front and back to get the highest
peak to know the location of exit point
Step 4: adjust probe delay to make s.p = 25mm
Step 5: turn the face of probe to the other side (large arc) then
the device must read s.p = 50mm
Step 6: put the probe on angle scale then move it front and
back to get the highest peak on screen then adjust the angle
on the device
Shear calibration
17

How to do calibration by using V-1 Block


Step 1: adjust probe angle = 70°
Step 2: adjust velocity
Step 3: put the probe on point (E) in which face of probe to the
curve and move it front and back to get the highest peak to
know the location of exit point
Step 4: adjust probe delay to make s.p = 100 mm
Step 6: put the probe on angle scale while probe face guided to
plastic hole then move it front and back to get the highest peak
on screen then adjust the angle on the device
Step 7: Make device detect small hole ( T) then raise the gain to
80% .
Calibration

The exit point & distance calibration


When the transducer is placed in the position shown above, the
back wall reflectors will be produced 100 mm
Calibration

The exit point & distance calibration


Adjust the sweep length ( probe delay ) as shown

100
mm
Calibration

The exit point


exit point is determined by sliding the transducer back and forth
until the signal amplitude is maximized on the ultrasonic machine
Calibration

The exit point


• Locate the exit point of the transducer
•If necessary, mark the location of the exit point on the transducer
Calibration

Distance calibration
When the transducer is placed in the position shown above, the
back wall reflectors will be produced at 25 mm, 100 mm, 175mm,
…..
Calibration

Distance calibration
When the transducer is placed in the position shown above, the back
wall reflectors will be produced at 50 mm, 125 mm, 200 mm, ….
Calibration

The transducer angle


The transducer is placed in the position shown for a 70 degree
transducer until the maximum signal obtained
Calibration

The transducer angle


The index or exit point should be within plus or minus 2 degrees
Calibration

The transducer angle


Place the transducer in the position shown when using a 30, 45 and
60 degree transducer. The index or exit point should be within plus
or minus 2 degrees
Calibration

The transducer angle


Place the transducer in the position shown when using a 60 or 70
degree transducer. The index or exit point should be within plus or
minus 2 degrees
Calibration

calibrating to a known size discontinuity


➢The transducer is placed in the position shown when calibrating
to a known size discontinuity
➢The 0.060“ ( 1.5 mm) hole is used to calibrate the screen height to
a known size discontinuity
Calibration

calibrating to a known size discontinuity

The gain or dB shall be adjusted until the maximum indication


from the first back reflection attains 50-80% screen height
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ This block is curved for the inspection of a 36" pipe with a wall
thickness of 0.688 inches
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ To determine the screen range You will need to see three legs
in order to make the distance amplitude curve

Ѳ = 70
T = 0.688 inches
1st Leg = t/ cos Ѳ
• 1st Leg =2.01“
2nd leg = 2t/ cos Ѳ
• 2nd leg = 4.00“
• 3rd leg = 6.00“
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ Calculate the surface distance for 2.0", 4.0", and 6.0"

Ѳ = 70
T = 0.688 inches
Sin 70 = 0.94“
• 2.0" x 0.94 = 1.9"
• 4.0" x 0.94 = 3.8 "
• 6.0" x 0.94 = 6.0 "
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ the surface distance for 2.0" ➢ Adjust the dB until the signal

➢ The surface distance to the from the notch to 80%

notch can be marked on the ➢ mark the location of the

plate signal

1st leg
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ the surface distance for 4.0" ➢ the dB should not be


➢ The surface distance to the changed
notch can be marked on the ➢ mark the location of the
plate signal

2nd
leg
Testing a weld with ASME Code

➢ the surface distance for 6.0"


➢ The surface distance to the notch can be marked on the plate
➢ the dB should not be changed
➢ mark the location of the signal

3rd
leg
Testing a weld with ASME Code
Testing a weld with ASME Code
Testing a weld with ASME Code

AMR
ELHADY
Testing a weld with ASME Code

Obtain the necessary screen range and maximize the first hole
to 80% full screen height (FSH). Mark the location of the signal
on the screen
40

Questions?

Thanks

You might also like