Instructor /

Casing & Cementing

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 Casing Design

Casing Design Overview

Casing Design
All casings/connections have unique rated values for:
Axial Tension
Burst Pressure
Collapse Pressure
Joint Strength

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 Casing Design

Casing Design Overview

Casing Design
• All casing strings are designed for the following loads:
– Burst
– Collapse
– Tension

• Additonally, in unique conditions, Compression is evaluated.

• On 30” CSG, an evaluation is done with more focus on structural

and environmental (wave, wind and surface).

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 Casing Design

Casing Design – Burst Load

• Burst is an internal pressure load

that acts against the inside of the
casing. Burst loads are found in
the following situations:

• Pressure Test
• Well Control situation
• Production Leak

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 Casing Design

Casing Design – Collapse Load

• Collapse is an external pressure load

that acts against the outside of the
casing. Collapse loads are found in
the following situations:

• Lost Returns (Evacuation)

• Cementing
• Point Loading (ie a salt dome)
• Displacements to lighter fluids

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 Casing Design

Casing Design – Tension Load

• Tension is an axial load that acts on

the casing. Tension loads are found
in the following situations:

• Running the casing

• ”Shock” Loads (fast movement
to/from the casing slips)
• Pressure testing
• Stuck Casing

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 Casing Design

Casing Design – Compression Load

• Compression is an axial load that acts

on the casing. Compressional loads are
found in the following situations:

• Temperature Effects
• Setting large amount of weight
down on the string to run it down

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 Casing Design

Casing Design:
Additional complications for HTHP Wells
• Temperature: Steel strength is reduced at higher temperatures
• Casing Wear: As casing is drilled thru, casing wear can be a
problem as it reduces the wall thickness of the casing reducing the
rated Burst & Collapse values
• H2S: Presence of H2S at low temperature to high strength steel can
lead to a condition called ”Hydrogen Embrittlement” which leads to a
failure mode called ”Sulphide Stress Cracking”
• Bending: Will introduce more axial stress into the pipe. In a vertical
well, not a big concern
• Field Handling: Burst can be reduced by tong marks and out of
round casing. Collapse can be significantly reduced by slightly out
of round casing (ie. just a few percent)

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 Casing Design

Casing Design:
Selection of Casing Setting Depths

• In general, casing setting depths are based on the well

specific Pore pressure & Fracture pressure gradients
anticipated.

• Other contributing factors to the casing program are

location/field specific rules such as:
• Known Hazards
• Known problematic formations
• Regulations

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 Casing Depth

Pore & Fracture Pressure

26”
1

------ Formation Pressure 3 18-5/8”

------ - - ------- Fracture Pressure
4

6
13-3/8”
7

9
9-5/8”
10

11
PSI/FT

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

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 Casing Design

SECTIONS: FUNCTIONS:

Drive or Structural Casing  Provide Hydraulic Integrity

(Conductor Casing) Circulation
Well Control
Production
Surface Casing
 Protect the Wellbore
High Formation Pressure
Fluid Kicks
Intermediate Casing Formation Instability

Liner Tie Back Casing

 Protect the formation
High Wellbore Pressure
Incompatible Wellbore Fluids
Production Liner Production Zone Isolation
or Casing

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 Casing Types

CONDUCTOR PIPE

DATA: FUNCTIONS:

PIPE SIZES Prevent Rig Foundation Washout

9-5/8” - 36”
Recycling Returns
DRIVE PIPE Diverter System
(Driven to Refusal)

STRUCTURAL CASING
(Drilled and Cemented)

SHUT-IN NOT RECOMMENDED

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 Casing Types

SURFACE CASING

FUNCTIONS:
DATA:
Extended Hydraulic Integrity
PIPE SIZES
7” - 20” Protect Formations
Fresh water sands
Cemented back to surface or Low/High wellbore pressure
to the next Shoe Hydraulic erosion

Casing pressure tested Solution for Drilling Problems

Lost circulation
Shoe pressure tested Formation instability

Shut in possible

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 Casing Types

INTERMEDIATE CASING

DATA: FUNCTIONS:
PIPE SIZES Provide Well Control capability
5” - 13-3/8”
Solution for Drilling Problems
Cemented back to Lost circulation
predetermined Formation instability
depth Differential Sticking

Casing pressure tested Protect Formations

Low/High Wellbore Pressure
Shoe pressure tested Incompatible Wellbore Fluids
Production Zone Isolation

Shut-in recommended
(Set in pressure transition Shale)

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 Casing Types

DRILLING LINER

DATA: FUNCTIONS:
Provide Well Control capability
PIPE SIZES
5” - 11-3/4”” Solution for Specific Drilling Problems
Lost circulation
Cemented back to liner hanger Formation instability
Differential Sticking
Liner pressure tested
Protect Formations
Low/High Wellbore Pressure
Shoe pressure tested Incompatible Wellbore Fluids
Production Zone Isolation
Inflow test of liner lap
Shut-in recommended

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 Casing Types

PRODUCT LINER/CASING or TIE-BACK CASING

DATA: FUNCTIONS:

PIPE SIZES Provide Well Control capability

5” - 9-5/8”
Provide a stable wellbore
Cemented back to predetermined Well testing
depth Production Operations
Protects Intermediate casings
Liner / Casing / Tie-back casing
pressure tested Production Zone Isolation
Selective Testing
Inflow test of liner lab Dual Completions

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 Summary
• Forces acting on casing in place
• Types of casing in an oilwell
• Function of conductor, surface,
intermediate, production casing
• Casing setting depth selection

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 Questions & Comments

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 Cementing

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 Cementing
CEMENTING METHODS

PRIMARY CEMENTING
“Is placing cement in the annulus between
the formation and the casing”

• SINGLE STAGE CEMENTING

• STAB-IN CEMENTING

• MULTISTAGE CEMENTING

• TOP-UP CEMENTING

• LINER CEMENTING

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 Cementing
CEMENTING METHODS
SECONDARY CEMENTING (SQUEEZING)

• Repair or improve a failed or bad primary cement job

• Control gas/oil , water/oil, water/gas conditions in production zone

• Repair damaged casing

• Close unwanted perforations

• Seal lost circulation zones in the open hole

• Prevent fluid movements from plugged zones or wells

• Isolate a zone before perforating

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 Cementing Guide shoe

CASING SHOE TYPES

GUIDE SHOE

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 Cementing Guide shoe

CASING SHOE TYPES

GUIDE SHOE

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 Cementing Float Collar

CASING SHOE TYPES

FLOAT COLLAR

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 Cementing
CASING SHOE TYPES
FLOAT COLLAR

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 Cementing
CEMENTING KIT
Cement Plug

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 Cementing
CEMENTING KIT
Cement Plug

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 Cementing
CEMENTING KIT
Centralizer

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 Cementing
CEMENTING KIT
Centralizer

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 Cementing
CEMENTING METHODS
Why Centralizers ?

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 Cementing
CEMENTING KIT
Scratcher

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 Questions & Comments

END

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