WEB SCRIPT

Sector: Tourism Sector

Qualification: Bread and Pastry Production

Unit of Competency: Perform Computer Operations

Module Title: Performing Computer Operations

● Plan and Prepare for Task to be Undertaken
● Input Data into Computer
Learning Outcomes: ● Access Information Using Computer
● Produce/Output Data Using Computer System
● Maintain Computer Equipment and Systems
Developer/s: Joyann Mae C. Fontanilla / Aira A. Regalario

TITLE Introduction to Computer

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
● Define computer.
OBJECTIVES ● Identify the main types of computers.
● Differentiate the elements of a computer.
● Apply occupational health and safety guidelines in operating a computer.

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Computer, is a programmable device that can store, retrieve, and process data.
Today’s computers are electronic devices that accept data (input), process that data, and
produce output and store the results.

Characteristics of Computer

● SPEED: In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex

computation, faster than computer.
● ACCURACY: Since Computer is programmed, so what ever input we give it gives
result with accurately.
● STORAGE: Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate formate.
● DILIGENCE: Computer can work for hours without any break and creating error.
 ● VERSATILITY: We can use computer to perform completely different type of work at
the same time.
● POWER OF REMEMBERING: It can remember data for us.
● NO IQ: Computer does not work without instruction.
● NO FEELING: Computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience, feeling.

Lesson 1 Main Types of Computers

Computers can be generally classified by size and power.

● Personal Computer (PC). A digital computer designed for use by only one person at a time. A typical
personal computer assemblage consists of a central processing unit (CPU), which contains the computer’s
arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry on an integrated circuit.

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● Workstation. A powerful, single-user computer. It is like personal computer, but it has more powerful
microprocessor and, in general, a higher quality monitor.

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● Minicomputer. Small in size than the other computers of those times. It is used in small businesses and
firms.

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● Mainframe. A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.

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● Supercomputer. An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per
second.

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Lesson 2 Element of a Computer: Hardware

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Hardware refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else
involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and the CPU. Hardware works
hand-in-hand with firmware and software to make a computer function.
Topic 1 Input Devices

Input devices - components that send data to the computer.

Some examples of input devices:

● Keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any other
electronic machinery.

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 ● Computer Mouse controls a cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) and can move and select
text, icons, files and folders on your computer.

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Topic 2 Output Devices

Output devices - peripheral devices that receive data from the computer. It can be a display, projection
or any other medium.

Some examples of output devices:

● Monitor displays video images and text. It is made up of circuitry, a screen, a power supply,
buttons to adjust screen settings and casing that holds all of these components.

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● Printer takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy
of it.
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Topic 3 Secondary Storage Devices

Secondary Storage Devices - devices that store the data until the data is deleted or overridden. These
devices store data permanently. Therefore, they are nonvolatile memory. In other words, powering off
the device will not delete the data in it.

Some examples of secondary storage devices:

● Hard disk
● CD
● DVD
● floppy disk
● flash drive
● memory card

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Note: It is further explained in the next book.

Topic 4 Internal Components

Internal Components - elements that directly connect with the main functionalities of the computer.

Some examples of internal components:

● Central Processing Unit (CPU) handles all instructions it receives from hardware and software
running on the computer.

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● Random Access Memory (RAM) allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer.

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● Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a storage medium that is used with computers and other electronic
devices. ROM may only be read.

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● Motherboard is a printed circuit board and foundation of a computer that is the biggest board in
a computer chassis. It allocates power and allows communication to and between the CPU, RAM
and all other computer hardware components.
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Lesson 3 Element of a Computer: Software

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Software is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks. It is often used to
describe all the functional aspects of a computer that do not refer to its physical components (hardware). Scripts,
applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe it. Everything that “runs” on
a computer, from an operating system, to a diagnostic tool, video game, or app can be defined as software.

Topic 1 Types of Software

1. System software

Allows operating, controlling and extending the processing capability of a computer. This software is
necessary to run hardware and application software. They are the interface between the hardware and
the users. Usually, computer manufacturers develop system software.
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2. Application software

Designed to achieve a specific user requirement. Some application software are Word, Spreadsheet,
Database Management Systems etc.

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Lesson 4 Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines

Occupational health and safety is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health and welfare of
people at work.
Outlined below are a series of computer health and safety assessments that need to be carried out by those who
sit at a desk and/or use a computer. If these assessments are carried out, potential risks can be highlighted and
thus resolved.
1. Positioning of the chair
Each chair in the workplace should promote good posture and ensure maximum comfort. Computer
health and safety guidelines state that chairs should support the lower back. It should also be noted
that the chair must be between 19 and 27 inches from the monitor.
 2. Layout of the desk
A working area should promote efficient working by being comfortable and stress-free. The worker’s
attention must not be diverted, so any potential distraction should be removed.
3. Windows and lighting
The computer should not be situated in places where windows and lighting will affect screen visibility;
any kind of glare on the screen will make it harder to work effectively. If this cannot be helped however,
computer health and safety guidelines suggest that screen filters should be purchased. With knowledge
of computer health and safety, each worker can check their screen regularly for brightness levels. If they
feel their work is being affected and/or their eyes are being strained then they can inform their employer.
4. The screen monitor
To ensure full computer health and safety the worker's screen should always be positioned at eye level.
There is a risk of neck or eye muscles being strained if the screen is higher than eye level. Computer
health and safety rules also mention that the screen should be wiped on a regular basis; screen visibility
will be seriously affected by build up of dirt or smears on the screen. Frequent breaks should also be
taken from the screen so that eye muscles don't get strained.

5. They keyboard
In order to follow computer health and safety instructions, the keyboard should be positioned above elbow
level. Workers should use the keyboard instead of the mouse as much as they can. Many workers use
only the wrist to move the mouse when it should be moved by the whole of the arm.

6. Typing position
Many people are unaware of how much the typing position can increase risks of injury to all parts of the
lower arm. Computer health and safety rules should be examined in regards to how the arms, wrists,
hands and fingers should be positioned when typing.

7. Networks
Computer health and safety can be seriously affected by EMF (electromagnetic field radiation.) This
can be avoided by using wired networks as opposed to wi-fi or wireless networks.

8. Portable devices
Even though most office environments are supplied with computers, a lot of people bring their own
portable devices like laptops. Many are unaware that the same computer health and safety guidelines
apply to these portable devices as much as they do to static devices (e.g. the worker with the portable
device should also ensure that they have good posture and positioning like the worker with the static
device.)
There also exist computer health and safety measures that apply specifically to portable devices, such
as the way in which they are carried from location to location.

9. Computer health and safety exercises

There are various computer health and safety exercises you can do whilst at the workplace. These
exercises are moderate, do not need any additional equipment and do not take up a lot of time. If the
worker carries out these exercises on a regular basis then stress and strains on eye, neck, back or arm
muscles can be avoided or improved.

As a result computer health and safety measures are advantageous to workers and the employer. If workers are
more comfortable and can avoid potential injuries, then they will be able to generate more business for their
employer.
Quiz 1 Drag and Drop

printer mouse RAM motherboard CPU ROM monitor keyboard

TITLE Input Data Into Computer
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
OBJECTIVES ● Define Computer Ergonomics.
● Identify the computer ergonomic tips when using a computer.
● Identify the different storage devices that can be used to store files.

Introduction

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Computer Ergonomics addresses ways to optimize your computer workstation to
reduce specific risks of computer vision syndrome (CVS), neck and back pain, carpal
tunnel syndrome and other disorders affecting the muscles, spine and joints.
Lesson 1 Tips

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Here are some of the top computer ergonomics tips:

1. Sit so your head and neck are upright and in-line with your torso, not bent down or tilted back.
2. Face your computer screen directly. Avoid viewing your screen with your head turned or your back
twisted.
3. Keep your elbows comfortably close to your body.
4. Use a chair that provides support for your lower back and has a cushioned seat with a contoured front
edge.
5. Keep your mouse close to your keyboard so you don’t have to reach for it.
6. Position your computer display so the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. This will allow
you to view the screen without bending your neck.
7. Adjust the position of your display to prevent reflections of overhead and outdoor lighting appearing on
your screen.
8. Put your monitor close enough to your eyes so you can comfortably read text on the screen without
leaning forward.
9. When working with print documents, use a document holder that positions them at the same height and
distance as your computer screen.
10. Use a hands-free headset when talking on the phone while working at your computer.

Also, adjust the height of your chair and desk so that:

● Your upper arms are perpendicular to the floor, not stretched forward or angled backward.
● Your forearms, wrists and hands form a 90-degree angle with your upper arms.
● Your thighs are parallel to the floor and your lower legs are perpendicular to the floor.
● Your wrists and palms are not resting on sharp edges.

Lesson 2 Storage Devices

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Storage Device (also known as storage media) is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and
extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be
internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.

Topic 1 Primary Storage Devices

Primary storage devices: Known as main memory. Generally smaller in size, these are designed to hold data
temporarily and are internal to the computer. They have the fastest data access speed.
Example:
● Random Access Memory (RAM)
Volatile, it requires power to store data. It is used in normal operations after the operating system is
loaded.

2 types of RAM:
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

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Slower, Less expensive, Less power consumption and needs to be refreshed thousands of times per
second

Static Random Access Memory

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Faster, More expensive, More power consumption, does not need to be refreshed
 ● Read-Only Memory (ROM)

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Non-volatile, it does not require power to store data. It is used primarily in the startup process of a
computer.
● Cache
A high-speed memory access area reserved on your computer’s main memory or storage device.
Topic 2 Secondary Storage Devices

Secondary storage devices: These usually have large storage capacity, and they store data permanently. They
can be either internal or external to the computer, and they include the hard disk, optical disk drive and USB
storage device.

Examples:
● Hard Disk Drive (Hard Drive/HD/HDD)
The main, and usually largest, data storage hardware device in a computer. It contains one or more
platters, housed inside of an air-sealed casing. Data is written to the platters using a magnetic head,
which moves rapidly over them as they spin.

Internal and External Hard Drive

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● Floppy Disk
 Also called flexible disks. Floppy disks are now outdated because it can only store a small amount of
data. It is replaced by a flash drive.

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● Compact Disks
Exchangeable and easy to transport. Access to data is faster than access to floppy disks but slower than
hard disks and stores data the same a floppy disk does.

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● Flash Drive
A very small, portable, solid-state hard drive that can be inserted into a USB port for storage and retrieval
of data.

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● Memory Card
A small storage medium used to store data such as text, picture, audio and video for use on small,
portable or remote computing devices.
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● Cloud Storage
A service model in which data is transmitted and stored on remote storage systems, where it is
maintained, managed, backed up and made available to users over a network (typically the internet).
Users generally pay for their cloud data storage on a per-consumption, monthly rate.

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Quiz H5P Flash Card
Identify whether the picture belongs to primary or secondary storage devices.
TITLE Access Information Using Computer
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
OBJECTIVES ● Define Desktop Icon
● Identify different desktop icons that is commonly used.
● Identify the different keyboard parts, shortcuts and finger placement.

Introduction

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A desktop icon is a symbol with text under it that is displayed on the desktop. The
desktop is what is displayed when you log in on most operating systems. By double
clicking on an icon you can open the folder or program related to it.
Topic 1 Recycle Bin

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Recycle Bin is a location where deleted files or folders are temporarily stored in every version of Microsoft
Windows since Windows 95. It allows users to recover files that have been deleted in Windows. It is located on
the desktop.
Topic 2 Microsoft Internet Explorer

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Microsoft Internet Explorer (often abbreviated as IE or MSIE) is an Internet browser that allows users to view
web pages on the Internet. Users can also utilize Internet Explorer to listen to and watch streaming content,
access online banking, make purchases over the Internet and much more.
Topic 3 Folder

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Folder (also called a directory) is a space used to store files, other folders, and shortcuts on a computer.

Topic 4 My Computer

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My Computer is a Microsoft Windows feature first found in Windows 95 and included with all later versions
that allows you to explore and manage the contents of your computer drives. Although the name has changed
to the newer versions of Windows to “This PC”, it still has the same functionality as “My Computer”.
Topic 5 Control Panel
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Control Panel is a section of Microsoft Windows that enables a user to change various computer hardware
and software features.
Lesson 2 Keyboarding Techniques

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Keyboarding skills are a set of skills required to operate a keyboard smoothly while typing. This includes
understanding your computer keyboard layout and its functions. It is a skill which is required whenever you need
to type. Make sure to keep your arms at home row, master that, then move on.

Topic 1 Keys 1
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● Esc Key (Escape)– exit or cancel operations
● Tab – used to indent paragraphs or move from one text field to another
● Caps Lock – makes all letters capital until you turn it off
● Shift - allows you to capitalize letters when pressed down and allows you to access the secondary
function of your computer keys
● Ctrl (Control) –a modifier key that performs a special operation when pressed in conjunction with another
key or keys
● Windows Key – open and close your windows start menu
● Alt (Alternate) – a modifier key that performs a special operation when pressed in conjunction with
another key or keys
● Space Bar – adds one blank space between objects
● Right Click Key– allows you to access contextual menu options based on where your mouse is on the
screen
● Enter – starts a new line or begins a process
● Backspace – erases the object to the left of the cursor
Topic 2 Keys 2

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● Insert – allows you to replace a word with another by writing over it

● Home – moves your cursor to the front of your line of text
● Page Up/Page Down – scrolls the page up or down
● Delete – erases the object to the right of the cursor
● End – moves your cursor to the end of your line of text
● Numeric Keypad – a number pad typically found on the far right of a keyboard
● Num Lock (Number lock) – enables and disables the numeric keypad. Turn the Num Lock on to use
the numbers on the keypad, turn it off to use the keys other functions
● Print Screen – copies the current screen to the clipboard to paste or sends the current screen to the
printer
● Scroll Lock – temporarily stops the scrolling of text. Use is mostly restricted to Microsoft Excel
 ● Pause/Break – allows a user to pause and un-pause an action such as a computer game or scrolling
text
Topic 3 F Keys

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F Keys are known as Function Keys and may have a variety of different uses or no use at all depending on the
OS and the open program. They can be combined with modifier keys as well.

● F1 – almost always opens a help screen in a program

● F2 – allows you to rename a highlighted file, icon, or folder
● F3 – often opens up a search feature
● F4 – opens the address bar in Windows and Internet Explorer. Closes the currently active program
when combined with the Alt key
● F5 – refreshes a website or webpage
● F6 – moves the cursor to the address bar in most web browsers
● F7 – opens up spell check in Microsoft Office programs
● F8 – enters the Windows startup menu when computer is booting up
● F9 – refreshes a document in Word and sends email in Outlook
● F10 – activates the menu bar in an open program. Can also operate as the right click when combined
with the Shift key
● F11 – activates full screen mode in all web browsers
● F12 – opens the save as window in Microsoft Office programs
3.2-4 Finger Position
The Home Keys - most important set of keys on the keyboard
Left hand’s fingers - A, S, D, F
Right hand’s fingers - J, K, L, ;
Thumbs – spacebar

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The Top Row Keys - above home row keys
Left hand - Q, W, E, R, T
Right hand - Y, U, I, O, P

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The Bottom Row Keys - below home row keys
Left hand - Z, X, C, V, B
Right Hand - N, M, ., /

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3.2-5 Keyboard Shortcuts

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Keyboard shortcut is one or more keys used to perform a menu function or other common functions in a
program or operating system. They usually are not as intuitive as point-and-click mouse actions. However, they
can be used by the novice users in frequently used programs to get to locations much faster than using the
mouse.
SOME KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

● Alt + Esc: Switch between programs in order they were opened.

● Alt + Letter: Select menu item by underlined letter.
● Ctrl + Esc: Open Start menu.
● Ctrl + F4: Close active document (does not work with some applications).
● Alt + F4: Quit active application or close current window.
● Alt + Spacebar: Open menu for active program.
● Ctrl + Left or Right Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one word.
● Ctrl + Up or Down Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one paragraph.
● F1: Open Help menu for active application.
● Windows Key + M: Minimize all windows.
● Shift + F5 Key: Move to a previous revision.
● Ctrl and A: Selects all in the current document.
● Ctrl and B: Bold text.
● Ctrl and C: Copies the item or text.
● Ctrl and D: Displays the Font dialogue box.
● Ctrl and E: Switch a paragraph between center and left alignment.
● Ctrl and F: Displays the Find dialog box to search the current document.
● Ctrl and G: Displays the Go To dialog box to search for a specific location in the current document.
● Ctrl and H: Displays the Replace dialogue box.
● Ctrl and I: Italicize text.
● Ctrl and J: Switch a paragraph between justified and left alignment.
● Ctrl and K: Create a hyperlink.
● Ctrl and L: Left align a paragraph.
● Ctrl and M: Indent a paragraph from the left.
● Ctrl and N: Create a new document.
● Ctrl and O: Opens a new document.
● Ctrl and P: Prints a document.
● Ctrl and R: Switch the alignment of a paragraph between left and right.
● Ctrl and S: Saves a document.
● Ctrl and U: Underlines text.
● Ctrl and V: Pastes the copied item or text.
● Ctrl and X: Cuts the selected item or text.
● Ctrl and Y: Redo the last action.
● Ctrl and Z: Undo the last action.
● Ctrl and Enter: Insert a page break.
● Ctrl and F2: Select Print Preview command.
● Ctrl and F4: Closes the active window.
● Ctrl and F6: Opens the next window if multiple are open.
QUIZ.
Memory Game:
TITLE Produce Output Thru Printer
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
● Identify different productivity software and its parts
OBJECTIVES ● Define printer.
● Determine the different types of printer.
● Produce output from productivity software to printer.

Introduction

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A0207EB5D6A12103BBAB93F273

Productivity Software is application software used for producing information (such as

documents, presentations, worksheet, databases, charts, graphs, digital paintings,
electronic music and digital video).
Lesson 1 Word Processor

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A word processor is software or a device that allows users to create, edit, and print documents. It enables
you to write text, store it electronically, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters
from the keyboard and print it.
Topic 1 Basic Parts of the Word Window
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Title bar - displays the document name, followed by a program name.
Menu bar - contains a list of options to manage and customize documents.
Standard toolbar - contains buttons that are used for formatting.
Ruler - used to set margins, indents, and tabs
Insertion point - location where the next character appears.
End-of-document marker - indicates the end of the document.
Help - provides quick access to Help topics.
Scroll bars - used to view parts of the document.
Status bar - displays the position of the insertion point and working mode buttons.
Task pane - provides easy access to commonly used menus, buttons, and tools.
View buttons - changes the layout view of the document to Normal view, Web Layout view, Reading Layout
view, Print Layout view, Outline view and Full Screen view.
Office Assistant - links to the Microsoft Office Help feature.
Lesson 2 Spreadsheet

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Spreadsheet or Worksheet is a file made of rows and columns that help sort data, arrange data easily, and
calculate numerical data. What makes a spreadsheet software program unique is its ability to calculate values
using mathematical formulas and the data in cells.
Topic 1 Basic Parts of the Excel Window

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Title Bar - displays both the name of the application and the name of the spreadsheet.
Menu Bar - displays all of the menus available for use. The contents of any menu can be displayed by left-
clicking the menu name.
Toolbar - Some commands in the menus have pictures or icons associated with them.
Column headings - Each Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns. Each column is named by a letter or
combination of letters.
Row headings - Excel spreadsheet contains 65,536 rows. Each row is named by a number.
Name box - shows the address of the current selection or active cell.
Formula Bar - displays information entered - or being entered as you type - in the current or active cell. The
contents of a cell can also be edited in the formula bar.
Cell - an intersection of a column and row. Each cell has a unique cell address.
Navigation buttons - allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook. They are used to display
the first, previous, next, and last worksheets in the workbook.
Sheet tabs - separate a workbook into specific worksheets. A workbook defaults to three worksheets. A
workbook must contain at least one worksheet.
Lesson 3 Powerpoint

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91
Powerpoint is a Microsoft presentation program that creates a slide show of important information, charts and
images to display during a presentation. It is most often used for business and school presentations.
Topic 1 Basic Parts of the Powerpoint Window

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Quick Access - this button is positioned at the top left portion, this toolbar is customizable, you can move this
in two possible locations.
Title Bar - displays the document name
Control Toolbox - located right top of the user interface, where you can close, restore and maximize and
minimize the windows program.
Tab Menu - positioned below of the title bar, this relates to the type of activity, such as relate a ribbon menu
name, like once you the home it will open as the home ribbon menu. The tab menus are FILE, HOME, INSERT,
DESIGN, TRANSITIONS, ANIMATIONS, SLIDE SHOW, REVIEW and VIEW.
Ribbon Menu - contains all the commands and other menu items that you can help to find the command easily
to finish your work
Slide Sorter - displays all slides in a single screen.
Slide Template - this part is positioned at the center of your interface, this is the biggest part where you can
start and put your design in Presentation, animation, effects and more.
Animation Pane - this pane will display the animation functions you use in your slide template.
Zoom in and Out Sliding bar - this is used to enlarge and decrease the view of your slide template at the center.
Notes pane - this pane or panel is positioned at the bottom of your user interface which you can type notes that
you can accompany a slide.
Status Bar - shows the current page number and position
Lesson 4 Printer

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A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other
device that generates a hard copy of it. Printers are one of the most popular computer peripheral and are
commonly used to print text and photos.

Topic 1 Types of Printers

Two Main Types of Printers

1. Impact Printers

An impact printer makes contact with the paper. It usually forms the print image by pressing an inked
ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins.

Some examples of impact printers are:

Dot-Matrix Printers Daisy-Wheel Printers

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inter#id=5A8E3C6F996CAD573EC18323A2A930653B9D04 Wheel+Printer#id=1EB9F1D0434A94BE937167EA8FDFA2
41 FC7217ADC3
Drum Printer Chain Printer

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id=195A0F18EA9B8CE60AD86400F89D2522F2210A90 id=509A7245ADFD5136B5F9B5CBA79638468EEA54C5

2. Non-Impact Printers
Non-impact printers do not use a striking device to produce characters on the paper; and because these
printers do not hammer against the paper they are much quieter.

Some examples of non-impact printers are:

Ink-Jet Printers Laser Printers

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#id=7789E02B53BF9260B9CA50FF338A37FF37EB3F31 #id=5DD3D4E6F9BD0D83B22A56EC6DA3556E98C03697
 Plotters Thermal Printers

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ers+epson#id=BA479CFE1175840DC8C36C35A506781D8
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13D393F
B15FB960721B4756D2B45B46AF4B0DBE579BA99

Topic 2 Basic Printing Essentials

Before the actual printing process of the productivity softwares, the user must make sure that the basic printing
essentials are fulfilled.

∙ The printer must be compatible with the computer version

∙ The printer software must be compatible with the computer version
∙ The printer has established connection to the computer
∙ There is enough level of printer ink cartridge / toner
∙ There is enough supply of paper

VIDEO How to Print a File

Watch the video to learn on how to print a file.

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Quiz. Identify the following printer, if it is IMPACT PRINTER or NON IMPACT PRINTER.

1. ______________________ 2. _______________________

3. __________________________ 4. ________________________

5. __________________________
 JOB SHEET

Title Produce Output using a Word Processor

Performance Objective At the end of the job sheet, the learner should be able to produce an
output using a word processor.

Supplies and Materials Letter Bond Paper

Equipment Personal Computer / Laptop

Printer

Steps and Procedure 1. Open MS Word / WPS Office.

2. Click the blank document.
3. Select the appropriate layout, font style, font size and alignment for
your document.
4. Encode the data.
5. Click save.
6. Click print on a letter size of paper.

Activity 1

Directions: Input, save and print the following data using an MS Word/WPS Office and submit it to
your facilitator.

● Format are as follows:

● Font Style: Arial
● Font Size: 12
● Spacing between lines:
- 2 space after the date
- 3 spaces after the address
- 2 space after the body of the letter
● Name of the Manager: bold and capital letters
● Body of the letter: Justified
● Your name on the body of letter: Capitalized each word
● Your name at the end of the letter: bold and capital letter
 Portfolio
Assessment Method Oral Questioning
Demonstration
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Producing Output Using a Word Processor

Learner’s Name: _________________________ Date: ______________

Did you... YES NO

1. create a word document using a blank template

2. follow the necessary format of the document

3. save the document

4. print my output

Comment/Feedback:

Learning Facilitator’s Signature

TITLE Maintain Computer Equipment and Systems
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
OBJECTIVES ● Determine the ways on maintaining computer equipment and systems.

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56E7EC038B0C5675F56D63B56BAA0EE
The 10 Commandments of Computer Care
The basic single best way to care for your computer is to provide it with routine care.
Basic software and hardware maintenance is easy to perform and extends the life of
your computer.

Let’s take a look at the 10 commandments of computer care for your workstation PC.

1. Install Antivirus Software- Antivirus software is responsible for catching

Introduction
viruses in spammy downloads and fishy websites. Some programs are free,
while others cost around $50-$100 per year. Even if you choose to pay for the
software, it’s still far less than what it would cost to have to restore your system.
2. Perform Regular Software Updates- Software updates keep your PC running
smoothly. Updates generally contain fixes for bugs and glitches as well as
enhanced security features.
3. Run Computer Maintenance- Computer maintenance is a vital step in
protecting your computer. On a PC, defragment your computer regularly and
clean the registry. Scans and updates are also necessary.
4. Backup Files- It’s a good idea to backup all files so that they are there if
something happens to your computer. External hard drives are the popular
choice for backing up photos, videos and other files. Software-based backups
are also useful and allow you to go back in your workstation PC’s timeline in
case of a glitch.
5. Keep your keyboard crumb free- It’s common to eat over your keyboard, but
it’s a habit you should stop. Crumbs are more than a nuisance; they can
damage the internal parts of the keyboard.
6. Clean the screen- Another part of your gaming computer that you should keep
clean is the screen. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning,
and always use a soft cloth or wipes specifically made for electronics.
7. Remove dust from vents and fans- The fan and vents keep your gaming PC
from getting too hot, but dust can get inside and cause them to run slow.
 Luckily, you can either clean the fan and vents yourself or take your laptop to a
computer shop.
8. Use a surge protector- Just one power surge can fry your gaming computer
while it’s plugged in. Protect your system with an inexpensive surge protector,
and carry one with you, too.
9. Avoid extreme temperatures- Moderate temperatures of 68 to 71 degrees
Fahrenheit are ideal temperatures for computers. Avoid leaving your laptop in a
hot car or cold, damp basement for instance.
10. Carry laptops in cases- If you bring your computer with you to school or work,
make sure that you transport it in a padded carrying case. These cases not only
protect computers from scratches and dents, but also they prevent them from
getting dust and debris inside the fans, vents, etc.

Lesson 1 Cleaning Minor Maintenance

Dust isn't just unattractive—it can potentially damage or even destroy parts of your computer. Cleaning your
computer regularly will help you keep it working properly and avoid expensive repairs.

VIDEO How to Keep Computer Clean

VIDEO: Watch the video below to learn how to keep computer clean.

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Lesson 2 Protecting Your Computer

Malware is any type of software that is designed to damage your computer or gain unauthorized access to your
personal information. It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses and spyware. Most malware is distributed over
the Internet and is often bundled with other software.
Antivirus software helps to prevent malware from being installed, and it can also remove malware from your
computer.

Some antivirus software are:

● Bitdefender
● Norton
 ● Kaspersky

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It’s also important to stay smart when you’re browsing the Web or using email. Keep in mind that your antivirus
program may not catch everything, so it’s best to avoid downloading anything that might contain malware.
Lesson 3 Backing Up Your Computer

Creating backup copies is a best way to prevent loss of important documents, photos or other important files.
2 ways to back up your copies:
1. External hard drives
You can copy important files of your computer to external hard drive.

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rive.jpg
2. Online backup services
There are online services that back up your files in the cloud, wherein you’ll be able to recover them from
any computer with an Internet connection. The sites varies from amount of storage and some site requires
fee for storage space.

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8474C

Some of the online backup services are:

● Mozy
● Carbonite
● Box
Lesson 4 Other Maintenance Techniques
Cluttered or unorganized folders make it more difficult to find the files you need. Additionally, unwanted files
eventually fill up your hard drive, which will make your computer slower and more difficult to use.
Here are few things you can do to delete unwanted files and improve your computer’s performance.
● Delete files: Delete unwanted files and empty recycle bin.
● Run the Disk Defragmenter: If your computer is running slowly, running Disk Defragmenter can help to
speed up.
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g.png
● Run a Disk Cleanup: Disk Cleanup scans your computer for temporary files and other files that can be
deleted. You can then delete the files to free up space on your hard drive.

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eanup.png
UNIT QUIZ
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of your answer.

1. A programmable device that can store, retrieve and process data.

a. Keyboard
b. CPU
c. Computer
d. Monitor
2. The following are main types of computer EXCEPT:
a. Personal Computer
b. Minicomputer
c. Supercomputer
d. Computer Case
3. A peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any other electronic machinery.
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse
c. Printer
d. Monitor
4. Any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects.
a. Internal Components
b. Storage Device
c. Input Device
d. Output device
5. Which of the following devices does not belong to the group?
a. Hard Disk Drive
b. Flash Drive
c. Cache
d. Cloud Storage
6. Are a set of skills required to operate a keyboard smoothly while typing.
a. keyboard skills
b. keyboard shortcut
c. the home key
d. numeric keypad
7. A modifier key that performs a special operation when pressed in conjunction with another key or keys.
a. esc key (escape)
b. tab
c. ctrl (control)
d. alt (alternate)
8. Copies the current screen to the clipboard to paste or sends the current screen to the printer.
a. delete
b. print screen
c. scroll lock
d. num lock (number lock)
9. Opens the save as window in Microsoft Office programs.
a. F1
 b. F10
c. F11
d. F12
10. Selects all in the current document.
a. ctrl and a
b. ctrl and b
c. ctrl and c
d. ctrl and d
11. It is any type of software that is designed to damage your computer or gain unauthorized access to your
personal information. It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses and spyware.
a. malware
b. antivirus software
c. backup files
12. It will help to prevent malware from being installed, and it can also remove malware from your computer.
a. malware
b. antivirus software
c. backup files
d. delete files
13. It is a vital step in protecting your computer.
a. computer maintenance
b. software updates
c. fan and vents
d. backup files
14. It will keep your PC running smoothly. It generally contains fixes for bugs and glitches as well as enhanced
security features.
a. computer maintenance
b. software updates
c. fan and vents
d. backup files
15. It keeps your PC from getting too hot, but dust can get inside and cause them to run slow.
a. computer maintenance
b. software updates
c. backup files
d. fan and vents
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https://byte-notes.com/types-printers/

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